Index

ʿAbd al-Nāṣir, Jamāl (Nasser) 233, 234 Almássy, László 233 ʿAbd al-Raḥmān 143, 144, 151, 152, 154 Americas 171 Abd-el-Wahad (Moroccan resident in ) American Oil Company 230 128 Arab Abdülhamid ii (Sultan-Caliph and Khādim Bureau/Bureaux arabes (military system of al-Ḥaramayn) 71, 115 administration) 96, 121 ʿAbdullāh Saʿīd al-Damlūjī 196 hygiene 194 Abdur Rahman 95, 96 migrants in Poland 156 Ablonczy, Balázs 227 Revolt 96, 97 Abraham 137, 166 Arabia (see ) Abul Fazl 23 Arabian Abu-Qubays (mount) 128 Peninsula 5, 119, 143 Aceh 28, 93 horse, walking on pilgrims 166 Aden 11, 25, 90, 96, 99, 101, 145, 154 architecture 166 Afghanistan 95, 103, 115, 207 music and dancing girls 165, 167 Africa 34, 41, 81, 95, 99, 113, 121, 143, 144, 148, sea 21 150, 171, 192, 198, 240 ʿArafāt África ( journal) 261 the Day of 209, 210, 211 Africanism 241 the Mountain of 90, 151, 185, 200, 201, 204, Akbar Nama 23 207, 209, 210, 223 Akbar (Emperor) 23, 30, 37 the Plain of 97, 212 ʿAlawī, Aḥmad b. Muṣṭafā al- 251 Arenberg (d’), Auguste 130 ʿAlawiyya (Sufi order) 251 Armenian 4, 148 Al-Azhar x, 221, 222, 223, 232, 233, 234, 259 Attas, Said Hossein al- 201 Album with photographs of Polish Asad, Muḥammad (Weiss, Leopold) 174, 195 177 Asia 10, 16, 17, 20, 21, 24, 30, 34, 38, 43, 47, 52, Albuquerque, Alfonso de 19 59, 81, 95, 107 Alcohol 150, 230 Assimilationist 212 143, 144, 154, 222, 227, 229, 240, Asssemblé Nationale (French Parliament) 249, 258 121 Alexandria Aurangzeb 31 Fuad i Airport in 257 Australia 171 Spanish consul in 256 Austria 5, 143, 147, 186 “Coca-cola invasion” in 254 Austrian Lloyd 147 Algemeen Nederlandsch Studenten-Weekblad ʾAwn al-Rafiq (Sharif of Mecca) 73 Minerva 188 Alger (Algiers) 121, 131, 144, 145, 150, 151, 154, Badr (place) 231 240, 249, 253 Balāgh, al- (journal) 223 Algeria 112–136 4, 233 Algeria, Supreme Council of 122 Bakshish (tips) 257–259 Algeria, pilgrims 117, 119, 120, 124 Banjarmasin (Capital of South Kalimantan) Algérie Artistique et Pittoresque (L’) (review) 189 127 Batavia 188 ʿAlī, the Prophet Muḥammad’s son-in-law 164 Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad (journal) 188 Aljamiado 18 Batory, Stefan or Báthory István (Polish king) Allgemeine Zeitung (journal) 145 159

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Bedouin attacks on pilgrims 178 25, 31, 54, 57, 106, 143, 144, 154, 164, 165, Beetem, Mohammed Ali, van 186 222, 223, 224, 229, 230, 232, 233, 246, 258 Begum of Bhopal 103 Cairo Beigbeder y Atienza, Juan Luis (colonel) Arab Bureau in 96 242 High Commission in 96 Bektashis 162 el-Masr (Cairo) ship 164 Belarus 159, 160 Egyptian intellectuals in 232 Belarussian Tatars 155 Charles, Féraud (French Consul in Tripoli) Belorussian-Polish manuscripts 158 117 Beneitez Cantero, Valentín 247–257, 260, Chougier, Mohammed Ali, al- 209 261 Calicut 20 28, 90, 91, 97, 102 Caliphate 201, 220 Benghazi 240, 242, 243, 249, 255, 256 Cāliyaṃ 35 Bey of Tunis 165 Cambon, Jules (Governor of Algeria) 11, 112, Bobot-Descoutreux, Albert Édouard (French 114, 120–139 General-Consul in ) 125, 132 Cambon, Paul (Résident Général of Tunis) Bobowski, Wojciech (see Ali Ufki Bey) 162 121 Bombay 47–49, 52, 56, 57, 59, 60, 62, 63–70, Carnot, Sadi (President of Republic) 122n33 77, 78, 83, 96, 97, 99, 101–107, 154 Cartaz 23 Bordeaux 131 Castanheda, Fernão Lopes de 21 Borders Central Jakarta 188 closed 233, 246 Ceuta 242 problems related to 240 Chanzy, Alfred (General and Governor of Borneo 188 Algeria) 122n32 Bou Chenak, Abderraman (Maghrebi Charmes, Francis 120 muṭawif ) 128 Charmes, Gabriel 120 Bravo, Annie P.L. Brandon 188 Charmes, Xavier 120 Britain Chief medical officer 190 Consulate of, in Jeddah 10, 11, 71, 73, 82, Cholera 199 83, 86–89, 94–101, 130 Cholera closure of the Consulate of, in Jeddah Epidemic 201 95 in Cairo 246 engagement with 10, 82, 97 in India 57, 60 reform 60 in Arabia 6 British in Europe 6, 89 colonial service in India 164 in France 125 Empire/Great Britain 7, 9, 146, 185, Hajj as risk 47, 191 186 Colonial administrators’s measures to India 7, 60, 72, 105 reduce risk of spread of 49 Buczacki, Jan Murza Tarak 171 Outbreak of on the steamship the Deccan 218–222, 225, 227, 232, 234 67 Bugeaud, Thomas Robert (General and Doctors held responsible for and mur- Governor of Algeria) 114, 135 dered 92 Bukhara 103, 165, 201 Chijs, Pieter Nicolaas, van der 73, 74, 75, Bulgarian crisis 115 203 Burckhardt, Johann Ludwig (or John Lewis) Cinema 81, 106, 212 149, 150, 218, 221 Civil Medical Service 188 Burton, Richard Francis 83, 104, 105, 107, 143, Cold War 217, 219, 230, 232, 237 150, 154, 218 Coffeehouse 151

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Colonial Department 191 Dresden 146 Colonial knowledge 11, 81–111 Dutch Colonial Council 190 Commonwealth, Polish-Lithuanian 156, 179 Dysentery 199 in the (see Risale-i Tatar-ı Leh) Dzarniussahi (al-Jāmiʿ al-Ṣaḥīḥ) 165 156–158 Communitas 262 Eastern Question 115, 117 Compagnia Rubattino (Italian Sailing École des beaux arts d’Alger 131 Company) 119 21, 51, 54–59, 64, 72, 90, 99, 106, 143, Compagnie Fabre (French Sailing Company) 144, 150, 162, 164, 165, 176, 201, 218, 219, 119 221–224, 227, 228, 232, 234, 236, 237, 245, Congress of the Islamic World 190 258 Conseil Quarantenaire d’Egypte 201 Egypt Constantine (Algeria) 121 Conseil Quarantenaire d’ 201 Conversions Czechoslovak arms deal with 233 to Hungarian community in 230 of Gervais-Courtellemont 127, 128, Kiswah manufactory in 205 132–134 Napoleon’s 1798 invasion of 88 of Dr. P.H. Van der Hoog 12, 185– Egyptian crisis (or Egyptian national uprising) 213 115, 116 of Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje 8, Erlangen 146 186 Estado da India 17, 19 of St. John Philby 196 Ethiopia 164 of Gyula Germanus 218–226, 232 Etienne, Eugène (Deputy of Algeria in French Converts, European 7, 8, 11, 12, 185 Parliament) 123 Crimea 179 Étoile Africaine (L’) (Journal) 132 Crimean Tatars 162 European Curacao 190 and non-European national and private Cyrenaica 115, 117 archives 7 Czerniejewski, Grzegorz (editor) 175 Consulates in Jeddah 86, 87 consular officials 70, 71 D’Agostini, Aldo viii–ix, 11, 112–141 health officials 191 D’Avril, Adolphe 113n4 –Muslim relations 83 Daḥlān, Aḥmad Zaynī 142 pilgrims 8, 185–211 Daily Telegraph (journal) 55, 132 shipping companies 61, 62, 89 Damascus 98, 104, 233 Europeanness 187 Das Ausland (journal) 143, 145 Evliya Çelebi (Turkish traveler) 162 Day of Sacrifice 210 Dayak people 189 Faiṣal (Prince) 205, 206 De Burgoing, Jean-François (French ambas- Famille (La) (confidential society) 120–121 sador in ) 117n15 Fanaticism 7 Decolonization era 13 Farḍ kifāyat 40 Delarue, L. (doctor) 123 Fatḥ al-mubīn 31 Delegation of Indigenous Affairs (dia) Fatḥ al-muʿīn 22 [Delegación de Asuntos Indígenas) 241 Fatwa 18, 29, 37, 127, 128, 136 Dervishes 164 Fayṣal, King 219, 234, 235 Develle, Jules 120n27 Fazlejew, Esfandiar 178 Dey (of Algiers) 151 Fehérvári, Géza 226–227 Razzack, Dr. Abdur 63, 71, 75, 88, 90, 91, 92, Figaro (Le) 125n45 94, 95, 97 Ford Motor Company 196

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Fournier, Henri (French ambassador in Gudde-van der Hoog, Fatima 213 Istanbul) 117 Guiot (French General-Consul in Jeddah) France 6, 7, 9, 11, 59, 82, 98, 113–116, 119–126, 125 129–134, 185, 186, 227 Franco Ḥabīb, Ibrāhīm Muḥammad 224, 225 Regime 241, 248, 255, 260 Haddād, Aḥmad bin ʿAbd al-Karīm al- (Grand Institute of Arabo-Spanish Research 244 Vizier in Tétouan) 249 Coup d’état of 1936 247 Ḥadhramaut (Ḥadhramawt) 149 François, Auguste (French Consul) 132 Hadj Ahmed (emissary of the Sharif of Mecca) Freitag, Ulrike ix, 5, 11, 142–154 128 French Hadj Akli, Djabila (Algerian merchant) 127– Algeria 11, 113, 120 128, 133 African regions 6 Hagar 204 Consulate ḥarbī Bedouins 231 in Jeddah 118, 123, 125, 132, 148 Hart, Jonathan 1 in Tripoli 117 Hashemite 11, 82, 96, 102 Ship ss Asia 201 Hashish 144, 151, 152 Third Republic 120 Haykal, Muḥammad Ḥusayn 224, 225, Fuʾād Bey 208 229 Fuad i University 230, 257 Health Services of the Ḥijāz 211 Fück, Johann Wilhelm 146 Heidelberg 146 Het Groote Mekka Feest (film) 212 Gabriel (angel) 166 Hitler, Adolf 226, 231 Gallia (Pilgrim boat) 123 Holy shrines and tombs 200 Gautier, Leon 127 Hoog, Dr. P.H., van der (Mohammed Abdul- Geographische Mittheilungen (journal) 143 ʿAli) 12, 185–213 Germany 6, 7, 143, 146, 150, 185, 186 layered identities of Germanus, Gyula (Abdul Karim orʿAbd al- as adventurer 190–193 Karīm) 13, 217–238 as convert 193–198 Publication of Horthy, István 226, 232 A félhold fakó fényében (In the Light of the Dull Crescent) 228 Interwar 220, 229 Akbar! 223, 224, 229 Muslims in 222 A Kelet fényei felé (Towards Eastern Stalinist 233 Lights) 234 Socialist 219, 233, 234 Gervais-Courtellemont Ḥusayn, Ṭaha 229, 230, 234, 235 Jules 11, 126 Hussein, Sharif 96 Hélène 127n51 Hyde, Thomas (editor) 162 et Cie. (Laboratory of photogravure in Alger) 126 Iberian Peninsula 17, 18, 28 Goa 26 Ibn Baṭṭūṭa (Arab traveler) 162 Godsdienst 197 Ibn Saʿūd, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ( or al-Saʿūd, King), Goldziher, Ignác 222, 224 98, 102, 190, 196, 199, 205, 230 Gonzales, Antonio (Franciscan father from Ibn Sinā (see Avicenna) 211 the Netherlands) 162, 163 Ibrāhīm Bey 205 Grand Duchy of Lithuania 157–159, 164, 179 Ibrāhīm, ʿAlī Pasha 221 Great Depression 99, 104 iḥrām – white clothing of 134, 210, 235, 248, effect of the, on Hajj 99, 102 252 Great in Paris 11 Ihsanullah, Munshi 88–100

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Illasewicz, Aleksander 174 Fathers 159 Imamate 201 Missionaries 15, 20, 26, 28 ʿInān, ʿAbd Allāh 221 Jihad 7, 29, 30–43, 92 Indian Rebellion 85 Journal des débats politiques et litteraires120 Institutionalization of Islam 11 Intermediaries 63, 85, 257 Kaʿba International Sanitary Commission 148 Black curtain 205 International Sanitary Convention 191 Description of the 166, 211 Interventor (Spanish colonial officer) 243, al-Ḥajar al-Aswad or Hadziar Clasuad- 247, 260 eswit (the miraculous ) de cabila (or tribe officer) 247 166, 203, 211 Academy of 247 Kiswah, kiswa or kishwe covering the 66, Iqbal, Muḥammad 221 106, 166, 204–206 Irving, Washington 171 ṭawāf /Circling around the 63, 99, 106, Islamic Conspiracies 92, 93, 113, 117 128, 207, 223, 235 Islamic World Kadri, J.S. 96–97 Collision between Christian Europe and Kajári, Kató (Ms. Germanus) 234, 236 the 15 Kamaran as a “hostile political ideological structure” quarantine station 6, 59, 63, 67 113, 114 Island 59, 63, 67 Congress of the, held in Mecca 190 Khādim al-Ḥaramayn (Abdülhamid ii, Sultan) Islamness 186 71 Islamologie positive 135 Khalīl, Qāsim al- 205 Islamophobia 11, 112, 115 Khaṭṭābī, ʿAbd al-Karīm, al- 245, 246, Ismael 166, 204 257 Istanbul 52, 57, 70, 72, 76, 117, 156, 158, 162, Khaybar (place) 231 218 Khedival Mail Line ships 96 Khuṭbat al-jihādiyyat 31, 35 Jabal al-Nūr 211 Kiev (the capital city of Ukraine), Faculty of Jabal al-Raḥma 209 Medicine in 164 Jabal Hindī 208 King Abdul-Aziz Foundation in 2 Jamarāt stones 207, 210 kilbet (khuṭba, Friday preachin) 165 Jambo (see Yanbuʿ) Konkan 17, 20, 22 Jamʿiyyat al-Shubbān al-Muslimīn (The Kontuś, Ewlija (or Kontej, or Kuntuś) 159– Society of Young Muslims) 222 163, 180 Java 52, 59, 73, 75, 76, 189 Kooria, Mahmood viii, 9, 14–46 Jeddah Kral-ı Leh, (the Polish King) 157 Biblical Eve’s tomb in the vicinity of Krugers, G. 212 164 Kruijt, J.A. (Dutch Consul to Jeddah) 73 British Consul in 10, 11, 71, 82, 83, 86–89, Kudzi, Yusuf 73, 74, 75, 76, 77 94–101, 130 Kuññāli Marakkars 34 Christian communities in 5 Kurtass, Muthannā, al- 147 Customs Service of 196 Dutch consul in 73, 74, 188, 191, 203, Labbayka Allāhuma Labbayka 203 212 Labosse, Lucien (French General-Consul in European consulates in 4 Jeddah) 119–125 French Consulate of 123, 125, 132 Lake Geneva 144 Jerusalem 56 Lallemand, Charles 126 Jesuit Lawrence of Arabia 222

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Leh, Polish 157 May, Karl 146 Lehistan, Poland 157 Mecca Leiden Volksuniversiteit 211 Egyptian Hospice in 208 Leipzig 142 Director of 208 Lemaitre, Jules 127 Medical doctor of 208 Lithuania al-Ḥajar al-Aswad (the black stone) 166, Kowno (today Kaunas) in 174 203, 211 Lithuanian-Polish Tatars 155 al-Ḥaram al-Sharīf, Mosque of 159, 203, Lipka or Lipka Tatars 155 207, 209, 211 London 51, 53, 54, 55, 82, 90, 98, 106, 130, 222, Great Mosque (Bayt Allāh, Ret-il-Ałlah, the 227 House of God) in 166, 167 Loti, Pierre 127 gafir [ghafīr or guard] of 166 Low, Michael Christopher viii, 10, 47– Slave market in 178 80 Zem-Zem or Zamzam well 128, 165, 193, łowczy (game hunter) 159 203 Łowczyce 159, 160 Medicalization of 7 Łowczyce, grave of Kontuś in the Muslim (El Medinet-el-Nebi [Madīnat al- cemetery in 161 Nabī], the City of the Prophet) Łowczycki (royal Muslim Tatar gamekeeper) kajmakan (qāʾim-maqām), the comman- 159, 160, 174 der of 168 Łowczycki’s expiatory pilgrimage to Mecca Boab-el Nebi (Bāb al-Nabī, the Gate of the 159–161 Prophet) 165, 167 Luzern 144, 154 Jāmiʿ al-Nabī Muḥammad or Dzami-el- Lwów 174 Nebi-Muhammed (Prophet’s Mosque) Lyon 131 165, 166 Suspended sarcophagus of the Prophet Maalim Yusof 4 167 206, 259 tomb of the Prophet 10, 18, 159, 160, 168, Maghrebi/ Maghrébins 119, 128, 129, 133, 150 223 Mahdi of Sudan (uprising/revolution) 115, Mediterranean 21, 29, 41, 42, 121, 143 116 Mehmet (Muḥammad) iv (Ottoman Sultan) Maḥmal 99, 106 162 Mahmil 165 Melilla 242, 259 Mahrī dialect 143 Memalik-i Leh, the Polish Domains (State) Makhzan 241, 244, 250 157 Malabar 14, 17, 20, 21, 35–43 Mestyan, Adam x, 13, 217–239 Malaria 177, 193, 195 Meulen, Daniel, van der (Dutch consul to Malaya 90, 99 Jeddah) 188–195, 212 Malta 143, 144, 154 Mina 97, 128, 129, 207, 210, 212, 223 Maltzan, Heinrich Freiherr, 11, 142–154 Minister of the Holy Carpet 205 Mamluks 19, 23, 24, 29 Mołła El-Hadży or mullā al-ḥajj (chief guide of Manhal, al- (magazine) 230 the caravan) 165, 166 Manuscript, Belarussian-Polish 158 Monde Illustré (Le) (Magazin) 131 Margueritte (Victor and Paul) 127 Montebello (de), Adrien 120n27 Marseille 119 Moriscos 18 Mateo Dieste, Josep Lluís x, 13, 240–264 Moroccan notables 13, 240, 247, 256, 262 Massaia, Guglielmo 113 9, 126, 143, 144, 165, 240, 244, 247– Matin (Le) (Journal) 133 260 Maupassant (de), Guy 127 Mościcki, Ignacy (President of Poland) 176

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Muchliński, Antoni (Polish Orientalist) Popular 219 156, 157 as social tradition 224 Mudejars 18 Orientalist(s) 11–13, 142, 146, 153, 156, 186, Mughals 16–17 194, 212, 217–219, 232, 234, 235, 238 Muḥammad (Mehmet) ʿAlī Pasha of Egypt Ottoman 164 Administration’s link to brokers 63 Ḥalīm Pasha, son of 164 Caliphate 78 Saʿīd Pasha (viceroy of Egypt), son of 164 Empire 6, 40, 89 Munich 146 Passport regulations of 57, 70–72 Muslim minority in Poland, see Polish- outbreak of war Lithuanian Tatars with Britain 95 Muslim Tatars from Poland, see Polish- with Russia 115 Lithuanian Tatars Governor 52, 73, 75 Muslim Vice-Consuls 63 Hajj administration 95 Muslim World Non-Ottoman citizens 74, 76 Communist propaganda in 178 Ottoman-printed Qurʾān 75 Congress 234 State 56 League (Rābiṭat al-ʿĀlam al-Islāmī) 234, Sultan 25, 55, 162 235 Oxford 162, 164 Muṭawwif (or muʿallim, pl. Muṭawwifin) Pilgrims’ guides 63, 64, 72–77, 91, 124, 128, Palestine 51, 54, 56, 99, 195, 201, 223, 246 151, 201, 258 Palestinian question 178 Pallain, Georges 120n27 Nador 240, 249, 250, 260 Pan-Arabism 234, 245 Najd 98, 99, 176, 220, 221, 226, 229, 231, 232, Pan-Islamism/pan-Islamic politics/pan- 238 Islamic conspiracy 4, 8, 71, 78, 115, 117, 121, Najdī dialect 231 134, 187, 200, 207, 212, 234 Najdī, Sulaymān, al- 230 Paris International Sanitary Conference 6 Napoléon Banaparte 88 Passport to Mecca (for pilgrims) Napoléon iii 121 regulations 53, 57, 59, 70–72, 77, 78, 95, Naṣīf, Muḥammad 222, 230, 235 101, 240 National Library of Lithuania in Vilnius 158 system 60 Nation-states 13 fees 60, 64 Native Muslim converts in Poland 156 Patinot, Georges 120n27 Nawab of Bahawalpur (Indian prince) 209 pen Club 219, 221 Nazi radio propaganda 217, 230 People of God 210 Nebelaoui, Smain (British secret agent) 130 Persians 16, 20, 22, 30, 59, 164 Nice 145, 154 Pest Control team 188 Nile 54, 55, 150 Peter’s in Rome, St 166 Northern Caucasus 179 Petit Colon Algérien (Le) (Journal) 132 Nowogródek 159 Philby, St. John 195, 196, 218, 222 Nūrī Pāshā 148 Pictavia (pilgrim boat) 123 Pilgrims Oordt, H.V.D. Houwen van 203 British representations of 88 Oran 121 Nationalities 95 Numbers 95 Edward Said’s 84 Pauper or destitute 48, 65, 88, 95 Hungarian 236–237 Pilgrim Protection Act 62 Polish 163, 171 Protector of

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in Bombay 62, 101 Qurʾān in Jeddah and Mecca 97 Assault on the 32, 39 Pisa 149 Handwritten copy of the, gift to Saudi King Plane trip 81, 261, 246, 248, 252, 253 177 Poland, The first Mufti of 174 Hungarian translation of the 220, 222 Połczyński, Michael (author) 157 Ottoman-printed 75 Polish Polish translation of the 171 delegation to Arabia 176–178 Quṣayr 88, 144, 154 language community 173 literature 155 Raczyński, Count Edward Bernard (Polish Lithuanian Tatars 155, 156, 177, 179 ambassador to Arabia) 176 Lituanian Tatar tradition 12 Rahman, Dr. Abdur 95 Middle Eastern relations 174, 178 Rákosi, Mátyás 232 Muslims see Polish-Lithuanian Tatars Ramaḍān 145, 195 Polish or Lithuanian Tatars see Polish- Ramis-Bey [Ramīz] (adjutant of prince Lithuanian Tatars Ḥalīm) 165, 168 Polish Tatar merchants 158 Rani of 211 Polish Tatar Muslims see Polish-Lithua- rattachement (system of administration in nian Tatars Algeria) 121, 123 travelers to the 174–180 Razzack, Dr. Abdur 63, 71, 75, 88, 90 Politique des égards (term for Jules Cambon’s Reconquista 18, 28, 113 Islamic policy) 122 Red Sea 3, 6, 19–22, 25, 26, 43, 78, 88–90, 99, Ponnāni 31 119, 125, 145, 253 Popular knowledge of the Hajj 104–105 Reise nach Südarabien 147 Port Saïd 246 Religie 197 Portugal (Portuguese) 1, 3, 9, 10, 14–43 Religious fundamentalism 9 Propaganda Relizane (Province of Algeria) 126 of Hitler 231 Rembrand (steamship) 188 Communist in the Muslim world 178 Revue Algérienne (La) 132 French 242 Revue de l’Histoire des Religions 131n58 Nazi radio 217, 230 Revue de l’Islam 135 Spanish in North Africa 241, 245, 250, ribāṭ 35–36 255, 261 Rīhānī, Amīn 231 Proust, Adrien (doctor) 125 Rijāl al-Nabī or Rygial-el-Nebi (Muslims) 164 Prussian empire 155 Risāleh-i Tātār-ı Leh (An Account of the Polish Public health 6, 7, 89–99 Tatars) 156–158 Public Health Service 190 Rite of passage 259, 262 Riyadh 2, 231 Qāḍī ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz 43 Rodinson, Maxime 113 Qāḍi bin Qāḍī ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz 34– Rolph 147 35 Roux, Émile 120n27 Qāʾim maqām 148, 168 Royal Pázmány Péter University 220 Qarawiyyīn Madrasa of Fez 259 Russian empire 155, 164 Qaṣīdat al-jihādiyyat31 Russo-Ottoman War 115 Qena 154 Rüstem Paşa (Grand Vizier) 156 Quarantine Ryad, Umar ix–x, 12, 185–216 stations/camps 6, 9, 89, 90 measures/regulations 48, 57, 60 saʿī 128 doctors 92 Ṣabbān, Surūr, al- 235

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Ṣafā wal-Marwah, al- 203 Suicide 76, 149, 227, 232 Sanitary politics 5 Süleyman i, (Ottoman Sultan) 156 Sanūsiya (Sufi order of Cyrenaica) 115, 117 Sultan (of , unnamed) 165 Saqqaf, ʾUmar al- 73 Sultan of Morocco 165 Sarı Saltık (Baba or Dede) 162 Sunnī 37, 200, 261 Saudi Surat (the Gujarat coast) 21, 23, 24, 31 Arabia/Kingdom 199, 221, 224, 227, 230– Suret, Edouard-Florent (French Vice-Consul 237, 250, 252 in Jeddah) 118, 123 Kingdom of Ḥijāz and Najd 176 Swiss Alps 11 Religious policies 99, 100, 102 Switzerland 143, 154 Saurabh Mishra 7 Syria 54, 56, 126, 144, 167, 190, 195, 223 Sawah Besar 188 Szewal [Shawwāl], (caravan of pilgrims) 165 Scheik Habbeud (muftī in Mecca) 128 Szynkiewicz, Dr. Jakub (first Polish mufti) Service consulaire (Consular Service) 125 174, 176–178 Shāfiʿī 22, 40, 142 Taḥrīḍ ahl al-īmān 31 Shah of Persia 165 Takayrna pilgrims 192 , University of (India) 219 Takiyya 208 Shaʿrāwī, Hudā 229 taqrir (system) 76 Shīʿite 30, 37, 200 Tatar-ı Leh, the Polish Tatars 156 Sīdī Saʿīdī (Tétouan) 250, 260 Tatarzy litewscy, Lithuanian Tatars 157 Singapore 52, 74 Ṭaybiyya (Sufi order) 122 skakuns(?), a sect of Jewish origin 164 Ṭayyib, ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Ḥajj 246, 249, 256, Slight, John viii, 10–11, 81–111 257, 261 Snouck Hurgronje, Christiaan 8, 147, 152, Teleki, Pál (Count) 220, 225–227, 229 186, 194, 195, 218, 221, 224 Tell (Le) (Journal) 132 Société de Géographie (Paris) 131 tercüman paşa 162 Société de Géographie Commerciale (Paris) Thiers, Adolph 120 131 Thomas Cook & Son 10, 48–78 Soerabaijasch Handelsblad 194 Thompson, Gaston (Deputy of Algeria in Sorbonne (Paris) 164 French Parliament) 123 Sourian 148 Thousand and One Nights 206 South Kalimantan 189 Tijāniyya (Sufi order) 122 Soviet Times of India 62, 106 authorities 178 Tirman, Louis (Governor of Algeria) 114–117, delegation to the Hajj 178 121, 122, 125 Union 229 Tissot, Joseph (French ambassador in Spain 18, 126, 240, 241, 243, 244, 248, 255, 256, Istanbul) 117 259, 260 Tripoli 117, 240, 242, 249, 254–256, 261 Spanish Civil War 241, 244, 260 Tripolitania 117 Spanish Protectorate (Morocco) 240, 247, Tuḥfat al-mujāhidīn 31 250, 255, 256 Tunis 121, 144, 152, 165, 240, 249, 251, 253, 255 Spy station 7 Tunisia Steamship tickets/ticketing 47–78 French occupation of 115 Subrahmanyam, Sanjay 16, 17, 43 History of 130 Sudan 64, 96, 99, 115, 116, 164, 249 Turkey 121, 165, 180 Sudanese slaves in Mecca 178 Typhus 200 Suez 88, 125, 129, 164, 165, 176, 230 Suez Canal 82, 88, 89 Ufki Bey, Ali (Bobowski, Wojciech or Sufi 103, 122, 150, 241, 251 Bobovius, Albertus) 162

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Uḥud (place) 231 Weiss, Leopold (Asad, Muḥammad) 174, 195 ʿUmra Weltevreden 188 Gervais-Courtellemont accomplishing the Wilno or Vilnius (the capital of the Grand 128, 131 Duchy of Lithuania) 164 Jakub Szynkiewicz accomplishing the World War 177 ww i 11, 12, 53, 78, 88, 89 first two Poles after ww ii to perform 179 ww ii 1, 11, 13, 82, 179, 213, 226, 232, 243, old pagan ritual of 197 245 Union of Officers 189 Wrede, Adolph, von 143, 149, 150 United Kingdom 54, 58, 65 – Journey in Ḥadhramaut 149 Urumi (film) 14 Yambo 124 Vámbèry, Ármin (Hungarian Turcologist and Yanbūʿ 154, 164, 167 traveler) 171, 224 Yunnan 132 Islam in the 19th Century 171 Varthema, Ludovico di 18–19 Żagiell, Ignacy (Polish traveler, alleged pilgrim Vasco da Gama 14 to Mecca) 12, 155, 163–180 Vevey 144, 154 Zagórski, Bogusław R. ix, 12, 155–184 Veytaux 144, 154 Zamorins 14–40 Vienna 27, 221, 222, 234 Ẓawāhirī, Muḥammad, al- 222 Vigie Algérienne (La) (Journal) 132 Zayn al-Dīn, Shaykh Volga basin 179 Junior 38–43 Vrouwen in het Oosten 198 Senior 32 Zaynal, ʿAbd Allāh 230, 235 Warsaw 157, 171 Zee, Frederik Gerardus van der 203 Warsaw, Imam of the Islamic community in Zeitgeist 185 178 Ziyāra in Medina 177 Watbled, Ernest (French General-Consul in Zohrab, J.N. 93 Jeddah) 118, 119, 123 Zubayda 193 Water, poor quality of in Jeddah and Mecca Zuldlicze [Dhū al-Ḥijja] 166 192–193 Życie Tatarskie or Tatar Life (magazine) 175

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