On 16 March 1966, Armstrong and Dave Scott Were Launched In
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The Journal of the Orders and Medals Society of America The red centerline on the white band symbolizes the courage of the astronauts in the nation’s manned space program and the fire and power of the rockets that carry the astronauts through the earth’s atmosphere. The light blue represents the earth’s atmosphere and is the same color as the chief of the shield of the U.S. coat-of-arms, which appears on the President’s flag. The dark blue reflects the hostile environment of space, while the gold edges of the ribbon denote success and accomplishment. Red, white, and blue are also the U.S. national colors. NASA obtained its initial stock of twelve medals in April 1970 through the Institute of Heraldry, which had contracted the Medallic Art Company of New York to produce the medals at a total cost of ten thousand dollars. In August 1990, NASA contracted directly with His Lordship Industries for the production of 19 full-size medals, 13 miniature medals, 25 lapel badges, and a number of rosettes and ribbon bars. To date, only twelve astronauts have received this pres- tigious award. They are: Neil A. Armstrong (presented by President Carter on 1 October 1979) Neil Armstrong was among the nine members of astro- naut Group 2 selected by NASA in September 1962. He would later command the Gemini 8 mission and the Apollo 11 mission to the moon, Armstrong was born in Wapakoneta, Ohio, on 5 August 1930. He graduated from Purdue University and subse- Reverse of the CSMoH pendant and neck ribbon. Note quently received a Master of Science degree from the the ribbon rbtg, link, and pendant ring, and the method University of Southern California. Armstrong joined the for sewing the ribbon. Navy and flew as a naval aviator from 1949 to 1952. In 1955, he joined NACA’s Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory and later transferred to the High Speed Flight ~vorth noting that the medal presented to John Young by Station at Edwards Air Force Base, California, as a President Reagan in 1981 appears to be attached directly civilian test pilot for NACA and then NASA. The X-15 to the ribbon ring. rocket plane was one of the aircraft that he flight tested. The ribbon is 1% inches in width. From edge to edge, the On 16 March 1966, Armstrong and Dave Scott were vertical stripes are gold (1/16 inch), dark blue (% inch), launched in Gemini 8 to conduct the first linkup in space, light blue (9/32 inch), white (1/16 inch), red (1/16 inch), which involved docking with an Agena target satellite. white (I/16 inch), light blue (9/32 inch), dark blue (% After the successful linkup, the Gemini’s capsule was inch), and gold (1/!6 inch)) thrown into a dangerous spin when one of its jet thrusters stuck open and began spewing fuel into space. Unable to stop the spinning with the main thrusters, the astronauts 3. The government standard cable colors for the ribbon are 65021 (old activated a second set of jets intended for use on reentry gold), 70076 (independence blue), 65014 (light blue), 65006 (scarlet), and were finally able to stabilize the spacecraft. Mission and 65005 (white) Volume 52 Number 6 Borman was a career Air Force officer from 1950 to 1970, when he retired with the rank of Colonel. Before his selection as a member of the Group 2 astronauts, Bornaan served as a fighter pilot and flight instructor with various Air Force squadrons in the U.S. and the Philip- pines, as an assistant professor of thermodynamics and fltfid dynamics at West Point, and as a test pilot at the Air Force Aerospace Pilot School. In Decexnber 1965, he and Jim Lovell spent 14 days in orbit aboard Gemini 7, then a record. During the flight, Gemini 6 piloted by Wally Schirra and Tom Stafford was launched to execute a rendezvous with Gemini 7. This was the first space rendezvous, with the two ships ma- neuvering to within one foot of one another. Three years later, on 21 December 1968, Borman, Lovell and Bill Anders aboard Apollo 8 were the first to orbit the moon. While orbiting the moon on Christmas Eve and relaying television pictures of its rugged surface, the astronauts captivated millions of viewers by reading from the Bible’s "Book of Genesis." Borman joined Eastern Airlines as a special adviser in 1969 and quickly advanced in the company’s manage- ment hierarchy. In 1970, he was nmned the Vice Pres- Neil Armstrong, the first person to step upon the moon, ident of the airline’s operations group. In 1975, he shortly before the historic Apollo 11 mission (NASA) becanae Eastern’s President and Chief Operating Officer mad then its Chief Executive Officer. Borman became the Control cut the flight short and ordered a splashdown in Chairman of the company’s Board of Directors in 1976. the contingency recove .ry area in the western Pacific. Captain Charles Conrad, Jr., USN, Ret. (presented On 16 July 1969, Apollo 11 astronauts Ncil Armstrong, by President Carter on 1 October 1979) "’Buzz" Aldrin, and Mike Collins departed for the moon. Fotu days later, Armstrong and Aldrin landed their lunar Charles "Pete" Conrad, Jr. piloted Gemini 5, commanded module Eagle in the moon’s Sea of Tranquility. At Gemini 11, walked on the moon during the Apollo 12 10:56 p.m Eastern Dayhght T~me on the evening of 20 mission, and commanded the Skylab 2 space station July 1969, Nell Armstrong became the first person to set mission. foot upon the moon. Aldnn later followed Armstrong and becmne the second person to step onto the lunar sur- Conrad was bona in Philadelphia on 2 June 1930. He face. Armstrong left NASA m 1971 to pursue a career in received a Bachelor of Science degree in aeronautical business. engineering from Princeton University in 1953. Fol- lowing college, Conrad joined the Navy and became a Colonel Frank Borman, USAF, Retired (Ret.) naval aviator. He attended the Navy Test Pilot School at (presented by President Carter on 1 October 1979) Patuxent River, Maryland, and later served at the school as a test pilot, flight instructor, mad performance engineer. Frank Bornaan was born in Gar3,, Indmna, on 14 March 1928. He received a Bachelor of Science degree from Another Group 2 astronaut, Conrad’s first excursion into West Point tn 1950 and a Master of Science degree from space was aboard Gemini 5 with Commander Gordon the California Institute of Technology in 1957. In 1970, Cooper. Launched on 21 August 1965, the Gemini 5 Borman completed the Harvard Business School Ad- flight lasted a record-breaking eight days. Conrad then vanced Management Program. commanded the three-day Gemini 11 flight, which began 8 The Journal of the Orders and Medals Society of America on 18 September 1966. The Gelnim ! ! crew caught and linked up with an Agena satellite and used the Agena engine to rocket to a then-record altitude of 850 miles. Dttnng the 14-24 November 1969 Apollo 12 voyage, Conrad and Alan Bean became the second Apollo team to walk on the moon. While Dick Gordon remained in orbit m the command module, Conrad and Bean executed a pinpoint landing just 600 feet from the tumaanned Surveyor 3 spacecraft that had scouted their landing site two years earlier On 25 May 1973, Conrad and Skylab 2 crew mates Paul Weitz and Joseph Kerwin flew to a rendezvous with the Skylab 1 space station. With some difficulty, they were able to repair the space station, thus saving the two billion-dollar Skylab program while at the same time successfully completing a 28-day science mission. In 1973, Conrad retired from the Navy with the rank of Captain to enter the business world. In addition to the CSMoH, Pete Conrad has been awarded two NASA Distinguished Service Medals, two NASA Exceptional Se~wice Medals, Navy Astronaut Wings, two Navy Distinguished Service Medals, and two Distinguished Flying Crosses. He is also the recipient of the American Senator John Glenn before his flight aboard STS-95 Astronautical Society Flight Achievement Award for (NASA) 1966, Pennsylvania’s Award for Excellence in Science and Teclmology, the Rear Admiral William S. Parsons Korean MIG fighters. Following Korea, Glenn was Award for Scientific and Technical Progress, the Godfrey selected for test pilot training. In 1957, he set a trans- L. Cabot Award, the Silver Medal of the Union League of continental speed record from Los Angeles to New York Philadelphia, two FAI Ynri Gagarin Gold Space Medals, in an FSU jet, the first such flight to average supersonic two De La Vaulx Medals. the Collier Trophy, the AIAA speed. Haley Astronautics Award, and the Harmon Trophy. Glenn was one of the original seven Mercury astronauts Colonel John Glenn, USMC, Ret. (presented by selected by NASA in 1959. On 20 February 1962, he President Carter on 1 October 1979) became the first American to orbit the earth in the Mercury capsule he named Friendship 7. His Friendshzp John Glenn was bona in Cambridge, Ohio, on 18 July 7 capsule lifted off on 20 February 1962 at 9:47 a.m. 1921 and Iearned to fly ~vhile a student at Muskingtun Eastern Standard Time atop an Atlas-D rocket and circled College. He left his studies in 1942 to enter the Naval the earth three times in 4 hours and 55 minutes. Pres- Aviation Cadet Program but eventually received a ident Kennedy was so overwhelmed by the significance of Bachelor of Science degree from Muskingum.