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Studies in Honour of Éva Kincses-Nagy
ALTAIC AND CHAGATAY LECTURES Studies in Honour of Éva Kincses-Nagy Altaic and Chagatay Lectures Studies in Honour of Éva Kincses-Nagy Edited by István Zimonyi Szeged – 2021 This publication was supported by the ELTE-SZTE Silk Road Research Group, ELKH Cover illustration: Everyone acts according to his own disposition (Q 17,84, written in nasta’liq) Calligraphy of Mustafa Khudair Letters and Words. Exhibtion of Arabic Calligraphy. Cairo 2011, 35. © University of Szeged, Department of Altaic Studies, Printed in 2021 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by other means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of the author or the publisher. Printed by: Innovariant Ltd., H-6750 Algyő, Ipartelep 4. ISBN: 978 963 306 793 2 (printed) ISBN: 978 963 306 794 9 (pdf) Contents Preface ................................................................................................................. 11 ŞÜKRÜ HALÛK AKALIN On the Etymology and Word Formation of Arıbeyi ‘Queen Bee’: How did the Female Bee Become Bey ‘Male Ruler’ in Turkish? ....................... 15 KUTSE ALTIN The Reconstruction of the Motives and Activities of the Last Campaign of Kanuni Sultan Süleyman ........................................................ 21 TATIANA A. ANIKEEVA The Tale of the Epic Cycle of “Kitab-i Dedem Korkut” in Turkish Folklore of the 20th Century ................................................................... 43 İBRAHIM AHMET AYDEMIR Zur Typologie von „Small Clauses” in modernen Türksprachen ........................ 51 LÁSZLÓ BALOGH Notes on the Ethnic and Political Conditions of the Carpathian Basin in the Early 9th Century ........................................................... 61 JÚLIA BARTHA Turkish Heritage of Hungarian Dietary Culture .................................................. 71 BÜLENT BAYRAM An Epic about Attila in Chuvash Literature: Attilpa Krimkilte ......................... -
Peran Intelijen Dan Perang Psikologis Pada Agresivitas Kampanye Militer Kekaisaran Genghis Khan
HISTORIA: Jurnal Pendidik dan Peneliti Sejarah, 4 (2). 2021. 151-158. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/historia.v4i2.32879 Available online at HISTORIA; Jurnal Pendidik dan Peneliti Sejarah website: https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/historia HISTORIA: Jurnal Pendidik dan Peneliti Sejarah, 4 (2). 2021. 151-158 RESEARCH ARTICLE PERAN INTELIJEN DAN PERANG PSIKOLOGIS PADA AGRESIVITAS KAMPANYE MILITER KEKAISARAN GENGHIS KHAN Novky Asmoro, Syaiful Anwar, Syamsul Maarif1 1Prodi. Ilmu Pertahanan, Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia [email protected] To cite this article: Asmoro, N., ANwar, S., & Maarif, S. (2021). Peran Intelijen dan perang psikologis pada agresivitas kampanye militer kekaisaran genghis khan. HISTORIA: Jurnal Pendidik dan Peneliti Sejarah, 4 (2). 2021. 151-158, DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/historia.v4i2.32879. Naskah diterima : 21 Maret 2021, Naskah direvisi : 5 April 2021, Naskah disetujui : 20 April 2021 Abstract The Mongol Empire, which prevailed in the 13th to 14th centuries, was one of the largest empires known in the history of world conquest. The stretch of the empire formed by Genghis Khan almost covers all of Eurasia, whose success story cannot be separated from the exploits of intelligence and psychological warfare that have been applied just like modern wars centuries after. Historical Research analysis in this article will try to juxtapose intelligence theories and psychological warfare so that the story of the Mongolian empire can be a valuable lesson for the study of strategy and philosophy of war as a reference for modern military strategy. The historical analysis process is expected to achieve the research objectives, namely to reveal the extent to which the role of intelligence and psychological warfare has an important position in supporting the successful expansion and success of the empiric Genghis Khan. -
Khanate of the Golden Horde (Kipchak)
The Mongol Catastrophe For the Muslim east, the sudden eruption of the Mongol hordes was an indescribable calamity. Something of the shock and despair of Muslim reaction can be seen in the history of the contemporary historian Ibn al-Athir (d. 1233). He writes here about the year 1220-1221 when the Mongols (“Tartars”) burst in on the eastern lands. Is this a positive, negative, or neutral description of the Mongols? Why might the Mongols be compared to Alexander rather than, say, the Huns? they eat, [needing] naught else. As for their beasts which they ride, these dig into I say, therefore, that this thing involves the description of the greatest catastrophe the earth with their hoofs and eat the roots of plants, knowing naught of barley. and the most dire calamity (of the like of which days and nights are innocent) And so, when they alight anywhere, they have need of nothing from without. As for which befell all men generally, and the Muslims in particular; so that, should 0e say their religion, the‟ worship the sun when it arises, and regard nothing as unlawful, that the world, since God Almighty created Adam until now, hath not been afflicted for the; eat all beasts, even dogs, pigs, and the like; nor do they recognise the with the like thereof, he would but speak the truth. For indeed history doth not marriage-tie, for several men are in marital relations with one woman, and if a child contain aught which approaches or comes nigh unto it.... is born, it knows not who is its father. -
Introduction to Uyghurs & East Turkistan
12 Nov 2010. London. Online version of this article available at: http://www.uyghurensemble.co.uk/en-html/introduction-to-Uyghurs.pdf _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO UYGHURS AND EAST TURKISTAN ALL ABOUT THE UYGHURS . Uyghur (also spelled Uighur, Uygur) means "unity" or "alliance”, it is pronounced [ÖY-ghur or Uigu:R]. They are a Turkic ethnic people. Pre-history Uyghurs: the name Uyghur (Uighur) appeared for the first time 17,000 years ago in the pre-historic period with The Great Uighur Empire in the Continent of Mu during the Tertiary Era Belonged to the Continent of Mu1. James Churchward describes in his book “the great Uighur Empire” as the largest and most important colonial empire belonging to Mu, the Empire of the Sun. "Next to Mu herself, the Uighur Empire was the largest empire the world has ever known." . Uyghur history can be divided into four distinct phases: Pre-Imperial (300 BC – AD 630), Imperial (AD 630–840), Idiqut (AD 840–1200), and Mongol (AD 1209–1600), with perhaps a fifth modern phase running from the death of the Silk Road in AD 1600 until the present. Most people know that Tibet was occupied by China in 1950s but how many know that the Uyghurs' country East Turkistan (Xinjiang 'new frontier' in Chinese) was occupied by China in 1949? 1 These theories are explained in Hans Stefan Santesson’s published book in 1970 entitled “Understanding Mu: The Uighurs” Chapter 10 pages 96-100. Hans Stefan Santesson has proved these theories according to James Churchward’s book “Lost Continent of Mu Motherland of Man” (1926) Chapter 5 pages 105-110. -
The Catholic Church in Polish History
Palgrave Studies in Religion, Politics, and Policy Series Editors Ted G. Jelen University of Nevada, Las Vegas Las Vegas, Nevada, USA Mark J. Rozell George Mason University Fairfax, Virginia, USA A generation ago, many social scientists regarded religion as an anachronism, whose social, economic, and political importance would inevitably wane and disappear in the face of the inexorable forces of modernity. Of course, nothing of the sort has occurred; indeed, the public role of religion is resurgent in US domestic politics, in other nations, and in the international arena. Today, religion is widely acknowledged to be a key variable in candidate nominations, platforms, and elections; it is recognized as a major influence on domestic and foreign policies. National religious movements as diverse as the Christian Right in the United States and the Taliban in Afghanistan are important factors in the internal politics of particular nations. Moreover, such transnational religious actors as Al-Qaida, Falun Gong, and the Vatican have had important effects on the politics and policies of nations around the world. Palgrave Studies in Religion, Politics, and Policy serves a growing niche in the discipline of political science. This subfield has proliferated rapidly during the past two decades, and has generated an enormous amount of scholarly studies and journalistic coverage. Five years ago, the journal Politics and Religion was created; in addition, works relating to religion and politics have been the subject of many articles in more general academic journals. The number of books and monographs on religion and politics has increased tremendously. In the past, many social scientists dismissed religion as a key variable in politics and government. -
Anadolu'da Moğol Boyları - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi/ International Journal of Historical Researches, Yıl/Vol
Anadolu Moğolları: Anadolu'da Moğol Boyları - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi/ International Journal of Historical Researches, Yıl/Vol. 1, Sayı/No. 1 Bahar/Spring 2018 Anadolu Moğolları: Anadolu'da Moğol Boyları Ekizceliler.com* Marco Polo* Sadun Köprülü* Anadolu Moğolları* Özet Moğolcalı, Moğolcalu, Moğulcalı, Moğulcalu, Muğalcalı, Muğalcalu, Muğulcalı, Muğulcalu, Muscalı, Muscalu, Musacalı, Musacalu, Müscalı, Müscalu, Müsacalı, Müsacalu, Musulcalı, Musulculu, Musulcalu, Muslucalı, Muslucu, Muslucalu aşireti – diye Irak’ın Musul, TELAFER Türk-Moğolları. Türkleşmiş Moğol aşiretidir. Bugün (Emirdağ’ında “Nevahi-i Barçın Kazası”) Ekizce köyünde yaşarlar. Ve Jırgın (Cırgın) aşiretide bugün (Emirdağ’ında “Nevahi-i Barçın Kazası”) yaşarlar. Ve Diğer Moğol boyları: Tatarlar, Kireyitler, Naymanlar, Sünit, Bisüvüt, Suganut, Mangıt, Kurulas, Kongırat, Dürben, Kıyat, Bayaut (Bayat), Barın, Barlas, İlhanlı, Uyrat aşireti, Suldus aşireti, Celayir aşireti, Sutay (Sutai) aşireti, Tatar aşireti, Mugal Tatarları cemaati, Moğultay cemaati (İçel Yörükleri), Çalış ("Tataran-ı Gayiban" Arsa Yüzü Bölüğü) aşireti, Çavurcu cemaati, Garb Yüzü Bölüğü (Tataran-ı Mugal), Gayiban Tatarları, Haymene-i Tataran-ı Mugal cemaati, Hamis Ağıl (Ulu Azman "Tataran-ı Mugal" Garb Yüzü Bölüğü), Hindüler cemaati ("Baybal Özü Bölüğü" Baybal Özü Bölüğü), İletmiş Bölüğü cemaati (Tataran Cemaati), Karataylu cemaati ("Moğol Tatarları cemaati" Arsa Yüzü Bölüğü), Kayabalu Bölüğü cemaati (Tataran-ı Mugal), Konbaklar cemaati (Tataran-ı Mugal), Nureddin cemaati ("Moğol Tatarları -
Çalişmanin Tamamini İndi̇rmek İçi̇n Tiklayiniz
Site adresi: The Internal Classification & Migration of Turkic languages THE TURKIC LANGUAGES IN A NUTSHELL The Internal Classification & Migration of Turkic languages Version 8.1 v.1 (04/2009) (first online, phonological studies) > v.4.3 (12/2009) (major update, lexicostatistics added) > v.5.0 (11/2010) (major changes, the discussion of grammar added) > v.6.0 (11-12/2011) (major corrections to the text; maps, illustrations, references added) > v.7.0 (02-04/2012) (corrections to Yakutic, Kimak, the lexicostatistical part; the chapter on Turkic Urheimat was transferred into a separate article; grammatical and logical corrections) > v.8 (01/2013) (grammatical corrections to increase logical consistency and readability, additions to the chapter on Uzbek- Uyghur, Yugur) Abstract The internal classification of the Turkic languages has been rebuilt from scratch based upon the phonological, grammatical, lexical, geographical and historical evidence. The resulting linguistic phylogeny is largely consistent with the most prevalent taxonomic systems but contains many novel points. Contents 1. Introduction 1.1 Preliminary notes on the reconstruction of Proto-Turkic 2. Collecting factual material 2.1 An overview of the lexicostatistical research in Turkic languages 2.2 Dissimilar basic lexemes in the Turkic languages 2.3 The comparison of phonological and grammatical features 1 Site adresi: The Internal Classification & Migration of Turkic languages 3. Making Taxonomic Conclusions Bulgaric Some of the exclusive Bulgaric features Yakutic Where does -
Kolia Kroeger Afghanistan, Pakistan, Tibet, and China Proper
Khoja Rule in Altishahr 112 Kroeger 113 Geography and .a.u.c,uu First, the location of Xinjiang must be established and the important areas within it. Approximately one sixth of contemporary China, the contemporary province is bordered by Mongolia, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Kolia Kroeger Afghanistan, Pakistan, Tibet, and China proper. The Tangritah (T. 'Godly Mountains'), also known as Tianshan (Ch. 'Celestial Mountains'), Mountains run east and west about half way through Xinjiang. Altishahr (T. 'Six Cities') is the area south of the Introduction Since the Uyghur upnsmgs of July 2009 in Urumchi, Tangritah Mountains surrounding the Tarim Basin, which was 2 academia has become interested in a region seemingly forgotten known in the Qing Empire as the Southern March. \,Vithin the since the People's Republic of China established control of the basin itself exists China's largest desert, the Taklimakan; which province. These demonstrations and the violence that followed lays along the Pamir Mountains in the west and the Karakorum attest to the history of repressive force that Chinese states have Mountains in the south. The main cities of the region lie on oases imposed upon the Turkic Uyghur population. In a province where surrounding the dese11. In the far west lays the city of Kashghar, the native ethnicities barely constitute a majority over Han settlers, which has a long history with the city-states of Bukhara and others one wonders about the social impact the Chinese neo-imperial in Western Turkistan. The southernmost city of the six is Khotan, movements have created for the Uyghurs. Chinese nationalists, and even the popular imagination in the People's Republic of China, 1 From the time of the Mongol Empire until modern day, Central Asians have believe that Xinjiang (Ch. -
Genghis Khan War Council Background Guide
Genghis Khan War Council Background Guide Chairs: EagleMUNC Paul Howard Website: Boston College Model [email protected] www.EagleMUNC.org United Nations Conference March 17-19 2017 Taylor Belval Genghis Khan Letters from the Secretariat Delegates, It is my distinct pleasure to welcome you to EagleMUNC V! My name is Kerianne DiBattista, and I am the Secretary-General of EagleMUNC V. I am a senior at Boston College in the Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences majoring in International Studies with a concentration in Economics. I am originally from Long Island, NY, and I have been participating in Model UN conferences since I was in tenth grade, rising to become Head Delegate and Secretary-General of my high school conference. At BC, I travelled to several conferences with our MUN team and I have participated EagleMUNC since my freshman year. As you begin your EagleMUNC V experience, I implore you to explore the conference theme, "The Interplay of Power and Ethics," and make your EagleMUNC experience the best it can be! Thank you, and I'll see you at EagleMUNC! Best Regards, Kerianne DiBattista Secretary-General, EagleMUNC V Dear Delegates, It is my great pleasure to welcome you to EagleMUNC V! My name is Jack Massih and I am the Under Secretary-General of Political Affairs. I am a senior at Boston College studying Political Science and Economics. I began participating in MUN my sophomore year of high school and have been hooked ever since. I joined the EagleMUNC team as a freshman for the first year we moved off BC’s campus and into Boston, and it has been a joy to witness the conference continuously grow and evolve since then. -
Chagatai Turkish and Its Effects on Central Asian Culuture
Title Chagatai Turkish and Its Effects on Central Asian Culuture Author(s) Cakan, Varis Citation 大阪大学世界言語研究センター論集. 6 P.143-P.158 Issue Date 2011-09-28 Text Version publisher URL http://hdl.handle.net/11094/12239 DOI rights Note Osaka University Knowledge Archive : OUKA https://ir.library.osaka-u.ac.jp/ Osaka University 大阪大学世界言語研究センター論集 第６号（2011年） Chagatai Turkish and Its Effects on Central Asian Culture CAKAN Varis ＊ Abstract Hakaniya Turkish, the official language of Karahanli State which reigned between 840 and 1212 in Central Asia, was – on account of the Mongolian invasion – labeled by the linguists with the name of ‘Chagatai Turkish’. Chagatai Turkish was employed by the Central Asian Turkic States as a written language – and consequently as a diplomatic language – from the 13th century until the 19th century. It was the language of the rich Turkish literature of Central Asia of the time. Chagatai Turkish exerted significant influence on a huge region extending from Afghanistan, India, to Crimea and Caucasus in Russia. It was the common national language of Central Asian Turks. From the second half of the 19th century on, due to the fact that Central Asia was invaded and shared by the Chinese and Russian Empires, the Chagatai language began to lose influence and was replaced by regional dialects. The Chagatai Turkish then split into two, becoming the two modern Turkic languages known as Uighur and Uzbek. This paper goes on to review the major literary works of Chagatai Turkish. After Chagatai Turkish had lost influence and been replaced by the regional dialects Russian and Chinese languages began to expand in Central Asia. -
A Comparative Study of the Social Function of African Algaita and Chinese Suona
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE SOCIAL FUNCTION OF AFRICAN ALGAITA AND CHINESE SUONA A thesis submitted to the College of the Arts of Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts By Shasha Zhu May, 2018 ii Thesis written by Shasha Zhu B. A., Tianjin Conservatory of Music, 2007 M. A., Tianjin Conservatory of Music, 2010 M. A., Kent State University, 2018 Approved by Kazadi wa Mukuna, Ph.D., Advisor, Master Thesis Committee Theodore Albrecht, Ph.D., Member, Master Thesis Committee Richard Devore, Ph.D., Member, Master Thesis Committee iii TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................... iii LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................. v ACKONWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................... vi CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 II. THE GENESIS OF DOUBLE-REED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS ........................... 19 III. THE ETYMOLOGY OF “ALGAITA” AND “SUONA” ........................................... 40 IV. THE MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURES OF THE AFRICAN ALGAITA AND THE CHINESE -
Introdução São Muitas As Razões Pelas Quais Se Traduz Um Texto E Se O Publica. Esta Tradução Tem Por Objectivo Dar a Conhe
Introdução São muitas as razões pelas quais se traduz um texto e se o publica. Esta tradução tem por objectivo dar a conhecer aos leitores da Livros de Bordo o registo da viagem do frade italiano Giovanni da Pian del Carpini, o primeiro europeu a viajar até ao Oriente, mais de vinte anos antes de o mercador veneziano Marco Polo o ter feito. Natural de Pian del Carpini, antigo topónimo de uma localidade na Úmbria italiana, onde terá nascido entre 1180 e 1185, Giovanni ingressou na Ordem dos Frades Menores, mormente conhecidos por Franciscanos. A missão que lhe foi confiada e de que este texto dá conta não era de somenos importância e certo é que o Vaticano não a confiaria a qualquer clérigo. Frei Giovanni já tinha viajado bastante, sobretudo pelo território da actual Alemanha. A missão do frade não deve, assim, ser vista como autónoma em relação ao contexto histórico da mesma. Em Dezembro de 1240, na sua expansão para Ocidente, os Mongóis, comandados por Batu, destruíram Kiev. Dessa destruição nos dá conta Frei Giovanni neste texto (V, 27), ao apontar para a quantidade de restos mortais que ainda vê quando passa pela cidade, cerca de seis anos depois da sua destruição. Após a destruição de Kiev, o exército mongol dividiu-se em dois. Uma parte seguiu pela actual Polónia, em direcção ao que é hoje a Alemanha. Na cidade de Legnica, em Abril de 1241, travou-se uma batalha na qual o exército mongol arrasou completamente uma força combinada de soldados polacos e da Ordem Teutónica. O restante contingente do exército mongol invadiu a actual Hungria e derrotou o exército chefiado pelo rei Bela IV numa batalha travada em Mohi – ou Muhi – no mesmo período em que se fazia frente aos Mongóis em Legnica.