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Univerza V Ljubljani Filozofska Fakulteta Oddelek Za Bibliotekarstvo, Informacijsko Znanost in Knjigarstvo

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Univerza V Ljubljani Filozofska Fakulteta Oddelek Za Bibliotekarstvo, Informacijsko Znanost in Knjigarstvo UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FILOZOFSKA FAKULTETA ODDELEK ZA BIBLIOTEKARSTVO, INFORMACIJSKO ZNANOST IN KNJIGARSTVO Primerjava Encyclopædie Britannice in Wikipedie glede pokritosti vsebinskega področja X Mogul (Mughal) dinasty in India Profesor: doc. dr. Jure Dimec Študentka: Anja Jerše Ljubljana, december 2009 Izvleček: V seminarski nalogi je predstavljena primerjava med dvema spletnima enciklopedijama: Wikipedijo ter Encyclopædijo Britannico. Najprej je primerjava izvedena opisno – s primerjanjem njunih nemerljivih lastnosti, nato pa s pomočjo štetja tematik (ki jih predstavljajo hiperpovezave). Kot osnova sta bila izbrana dva nivoja spletnih strani tematike Mughal dynasty. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da imata obe enciklopediji pozitivne in negativne lastnosti. Wikipedija vsebuje veliko več hiperpovezav, ki pa so uporabljene precej nedosledno. Veliko pojmov je napačno zapisanih, povezave so nedelujoče ipd. Encyclopædija Britannica vsebuje hiperpovezave, ki so v veliki meri povezane z izbrano tematiko ter se od nje pretirano ne oddaljujejo. Povezave so ustvarjene dosledno, so delujoče ter pravilno zapisane, tematiko predstavi z vseh vidikov, Wikipedija pa pretirava s hiperpovezavami, ki bralca prehitro odvrnejo od osnovne tematike. Ključne besede: Wikipedia, Encyclopædia Britannica, hiperpovezave 2 KAZALO 1. Uvod............................................................................................................................... 4 2. Prednosti in slabosti ........................................................................................................ 5 2.1 Wikipedia.................................................................................................................. 5 2.2 Encyclopædia Britannica ......................................................................................... 5 2.3. Primerjava................................................................................................................ 6 3. Pokritost tematike ........................................................................................................... 7 3.1 Hiperpovezave, ki se največkrat pojavljajo v Wikipediji ......................................... 7 3.2 Hiperpovezave, ki se največkrat pojavljajo v Encyclopædiji Britannici .................. 8 3.3.Skupne tematike...................................................................................................... 10 4. Zaključki ....................................................................................................................... 24 5. Viri ................................................................................................................................ 24 Priloga 1: Pojmi v Wikipedi-ji Priloga 2: Pojmi v Encyclopædiji Britannici 3 1. Uvod V seminarski nalogi sem najprej opisno primerjala Wikipedijo ter Encyclopædijo Britannico, nato pa sem izpisala hiperpovezave, ki se pojavljajo na že omenjenih spletnih straneh (vključila sem hiperpovezave na dveh nivojih, pri Wikipediji pa sem se, zaradi prevelike količine podatkov, pri drugem nivoju osredotočila samo na prvi del spletne strani). Hiperpovezave so predstavljene v Prilogi 1 in 2. Nato sem, za vsak vir posebej, preštela hiperpovezave ter izpisala tiste, ki se največkrat pojavljajo. S pomočjo teh podatkov sem pridobila pogled nad tem o čem govorita vira. Kot naslednje sem izpisala hiperpovezave, ki se pojavljajo v obeh virih ter nato še preštela tematike, ki so viroma skupne ter tiste, ki so unikatne. S primerjavo sem skušala ugotoviti, ali se lahko Wikipedija (kot predstavnica dela množic) po vsebini primerja z Encyclopædijo Britannico. Wikipedija je enciklopedija, v katero lahko podatke prispeva kdorkoli. Ime izhaja iz dveh besed: wiki in enciklopedija. Uporablja se wiki software, ki omogoča več avtorjem hkratno urejanje ter arhiviranje sprememb. Relevantne članke je moč najti s sledenjem povezavam iz enega članka do drugega. Wikipedijo so prvič zagnali v angleški različici 15 Januarja leta 2001, nato pa so se pojavile tudi različice v drugih jezikih. Kritiki so sprva dvomili v Wikipedijino zanesljivost in natančnost. Stran je bila kritizirana zaradi vandalizma, spremenljive kvalitete, neskladnosti ipd. Njena največja prednost ter hkrati pomanjkljivost je tako odprtost - vsakdo namreč lahko spreminja ter kreira članke. Encyclopædija Britannica je angleška enciklopedija, ki vsebuje članke za zahtevnejše bralce. Članke piše približno 100 urednikov ter 4.000 strokovnjakov. Zanimivo je, da Encyclopædija Britannica obstaja tako v tiskani kot spletni verziji. 4 2. Prednosti in slabosti 2.1 Wikipedia V Wikipediji sem izvedla iskanje z besedno zvezo Mogul dynasty (že med tipkanjem se pojavi možnost izbire Mughal Dynasty), dobila sem spletno stran, kjer je objavljena povezava na Mughal Empire. Spletna stran je razdeljena na več poglavji, na desni strani pa je moč najti osnovne slikovne (zastava, zemljevid), kot tudi besedne podatke (prestolnica, jezik, vlada, vladarji, datum ustanovitve in razpada, velikost območja, populacija ter valuta). Če pogledamo razdelitev po poglavjih, sprva najdemo splošen opis tematike, nato pa si poglavja sledijo: zgodnja zgodovina, dinastija Mughal, zaton dinastije, seznam vladarjev, vpliv dinastije na Indijski podkontinent, družba, sodobna konotacija, galerija, znanost in tehnologija – astronomija in tehnologija, poglej tudi, reference – opombe, nadaljnje branje ter zunanje povezave. Ob straneh so objavljene tudi slike, kjer pod vsako piše kaj je na njej predstavljeno, na začetku pa je seznam vsebine, kjer s pomočjo notranjih povezav lahko skočimo na določena poglavja. Tako je spletna stran zelo pregledna ter nam omogoča da se na njej hitro znajdemo. Po prvem pregledu stran zgleda zelo uporabna – poglavja niso predolga, vsebujejo le bistvene podatke, za podrobnosti pa so izdelane hiperpovezave, ki nam omogočajo razširitev osnovne tematike ter tako seznanjenost še z drugimi področji. Če pogledamo prva dva nivoja osnovne tematike, vidimo da so strani izdelane po istem principu. Kot pomanjkljivosti bi omenila preveč hiperpovezav na pojme, ki se ne nanašajo na iskano tematiko (npr. title, capital), nedoslednost pri izdelavi hiperpovezav (nekateri pojmi se v določenih poglavjih kot hiperpovezava pojavljajo večkrat, v drugih poglavjih pa niso označeni kot hiperpovezava; nekateri pojmi kot hipepovezave delujejo, v drugem poglavju pa isti pojem kot hiperpovezava ne vodi nikamor), neizdelane hiperpovezave (pojmi so predstavljeni kot hiperpovezave, vendar stran na katero vodijo ne obstaja), pomanjkanje referenc (med tekstom nas ponekod sistem opozori da manjka citat), nedokončani članki (ponekod sistem opozori, da članek ni popoln) ipd. Lahko bi bili dodani še video posnetki, zvočni dokumenti in podobno. 2.2 Encyclopædia Britannica V Encyclopædiji Britannici sem izvedla iskanje s ključnima besedama Mughal dynasty, kjer se mi je že med tipkanjem pojavila možnost Mughal dynasty (India [1526-1707]) . Poizvedba me je pripeljala na spletno stran, ki je sestavljena samo iz enega vsebinskega sklopa z več odstavki, nato pa sledijo sorodni članki, zunanje spletne povezave ter citati. Stran vsebuje nekaj hiperpovezav, ki so urejene zelo dosledno (pojem se kot hiperpovezava pojavi samo enkrat in se v nadaljevanju teksta kot hiperpovezava ne ponavlja), na kratko predstavi osnovne podatke v zvezi z iskanim pojmom, bolj podrobne informacije pa so podane preko hiperpovezav. Če pogledamo naslednji nivo spletne strani vidimo da so strani podobno urejene, le da so tiste obsežnejše sestavljene iz več poglavji, 5 na začetku pa se nahaja spustni meni z vsebino, ki omogoča da se z izbiro določenega poglavja prestavimo nanj. Morda ni primerna lega menija, saj ga je težko opaziti, ker se nahaja preveč nad samim člankom, že med reklamami. Pomanjkljivost je tudi, da ni pri slikah že takoj navedeno kaj predstavljajo, saj je potrebno na sliko klikniti da se prikaže njen opis. Zelo moteča so tudi okna z reklamami, ki se pojavljajo v vseh člankih. Pozitivno je, da enciklopedija vsebuje video posnetke, ki se navezujejo na izbrano tematiko, vendar dostop do videoposnetkov ni preveč praktičen (pojavijo se na levi strani članka, kot majhne sličice – ponovno brez opisa o čem govorijo). Ves čas brskanja po člankih se vsakih nekaj sekund pojavi okno, ki zahteva prijavo v sistem – to je zelo moteče, saj okno zasede skoraj polovico ekrana. Če sledimo navodilom ekrana za prijavo izvemo, da se je možno včlaniti za 30 dni brezplačno, vendar pa je potrebno navesti številko kreditne kartice. Na levi strani imamo pri vsakem članku možnost več izbir: medija (vsebuje že omenjene fotografije ter video), zgodovina članka (kdaj je bil članek obnovljen, kaj je bilo dodano, kdo je to storil), seznam sodelavcev (seznam vsebuje imena ter priimke ljudi, ki so prispevali del vsebine), sorodni članki (tukaj ti članke sortira glede na koncept, ljudi, kraje in stvari; pri vsaki kategoriji ti ponudi povezave do sorodnih člankov), dodatna vsebina, spletne strani, Widgets in Gadgets (možnosti, ki jih lahko dodaš na svojo stran), slovar in sorodni produkti (povezava na produkte knjigarne oz. spletne trgovine glede na izbrano temo). Zgoraj se pri vsakem članku ponudi nekaj možnosti: predlagaj in urejaj, zgodovina članka, dodaj na svojo stran ter komentiraj. Za uporabo večine možnosti je potrebno biti prijavljen v sistem. Pri člankih so tudi opcije tiskanja, pošiljanja po elektronski pošti, povečave ter zmanjšanja teksta. 2.3. Primerjava Dostop do izbrane tematike je pri obeh spletnih straneh zelo enostaven, že ko začnemo tipkati
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