Kekaisaran Mongol Sejarah Ringkas
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Studies in Honour of Éva Kincses-Nagy
ALTAIC AND CHAGATAY LECTURES Studies in Honour of Éva Kincses-Nagy Altaic and Chagatay Lectures Studies in Honour of Éva Kincses-Nagy Edited by István Zimonyi Szeged – 2021 This publication was supported by the ELTE-SZTE Silk Road Research Group, ELKH Cover illustration: Everyone acts according to his own disposition (Q 17,84, written in nasta’liq) Calligraphy of Mustafa Khudair Letters and Words. Exhibtion of Arabic Calligraphy. Cairo 2011, 35. © University of Szeged, Department of Altaic Studies, Printed in 2021 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by other means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of the author or the publisher. Printed by: Innovariant Ltd., H-6750 Algyő, Ipartelep 4. ISBN: 978 963 306 793 2 (printed) ISBN: 978 963 306 794 9 (pdf) Contents Preface ................................................................................................................. 11 ŞÜKRÜ HALÛK AKALIN On the Etymology and Word Formation of Arıbeyi ‘Queen Bee’: How did the Female Bee Become Bey ‘Male Ruler’ in Turkish? ....................... 15 KUTSE ALTIN The Reconstruction of the Motives and Activities of the Last Campaign of Kanuni Sultan Süleyman ........................................................ 21 TATIANA A. ANIKEEVA The Tale of the Epic Cycle of “Kitab-i Dedem Korkut” in Turkish Folklore of the 20th Century ................................................................... 43 İBRAHIM AHMET AYDEMIR Zur Typologie von „Small Clauses” in modernen Türksprachen ........................ 51 LÁSZLÓ BALOGH Notes on the Ethnic and Political Conditions of the Carpathian Basin in the Early 9th Century ........................................................... 61 JÚLIA BARTHA Turkish Heritage of Hungarian Dietary Culture .................................................. 71 BÜLENT BAYRAM An Epic about Attila in Chuvash Literature: Attilpa Krimkilte ......................... -
Opfer Des Tatarenjochs Oder Besatzungsgewinner? Die Moskauer Großfürsten Und Die Goldene Horde in Der Darstellung Der Historiographie
Opfer des Tatarenjochs oder Besatzungsgewinner? Die Moskauer Großfürsten und die Goldene Horde in der Darstellung der Historiographie Diplomarbeit zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Magisters der Philosophie (Mag. Phil.) an der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz vorgelegt von Bernard NIKOLLA am Institut für Geschichte Begutachter: Ass.-Prof. Mag. Dr. phil. Johannes Gießauf Graz, 2021 Eidesstattliche Erklärung Ich erkläre hiermit an Eides statt, dass ich die vorliegende Diplomarbeit selbständig und ohne Benutzung anderer als der angegebenen Hilfsmittel angefertigt habe. Die aus fremden Quellen direkt oder indirekt übernommenen Gedanken wurden als solche kenntlich gemacht. Diese Arbeit wurde in gleicher oder ähnlicher Form keiner anderen Prüfungsbehörde vorgelegt und auch noch nicht veröffentlicht. 17.05.2021 Datum, Ort Unterschrift Gendererklärung Aus Gründen der besseren Lesbarkeit wird auf die gleichzeitige Verwendung der Sprachformen männlich, weiblich und divers (m/w/d) verzichtet. Sämtliche Personenbezeichnungen gelten gleichermaßen für alle Geschlechter. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung ............................................................................................................................... 7 2 Historischer Abriss der Goldenen Horde .......................................................................... 10 2.1 Tschinggis Khan und der Aufstieg des Mongolischen Reiches ..................................... 10 2.2 Der mongolische Vormarsch nach Europa .................................................................... -
Peran Intelijen Dan Perang Psikologis Pada Agresivitas Kampanye Militer Kekaisaran Genghis Khan
HISTORIA: Jurnal Pendidik dan Peneliti Sejarah, 4 (2). 2021. 151-158. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/historia.v4i2.32879 Available online at HISTORIA; Jurnal Pendidik dan Peneliti Sejarah website: https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/historia HISTORIA: Jurnal Pendidik dan Peneliti Sejarah, 4 (2). 2021. 151-158 RESEARCH ARTICLE PERAN INTELIJEN DAN PERANG PSIKOLOGIS PADA AGRESIVITAS KAMPANYE MILITER KEKAISARAN GENGHIS KHAN Novky Asmoro, Syaiful Anwar, Syamsul Maarif1 1Prodi. Ilmu Pertahanan, Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia [email protected] To cite this article: Asmoro, N., ANwar, S., & Maarif, S. (2021). Peran Intelijen dan perang psikologis pada agresivitas kampanye militer kekaisaran genghis khan. HISTORIA: Jurnal Pendidik dan Peneliti Sejarah, 4 (2). 2021. 151-158, DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/historia.v4i2.32879. Naskah diterima : 21 Maret 2021, Naskah direvisi : 5 April 2021, Naskah disetujui : 20 April 2021 Abstract The Mongol Empire, which prevailed in the 13th to 14th centuries, was one of the largest empires known in the history of world conquest. The stretch of the empire formed by Genghis Khan almost covers all of Eurasia, whose success story cannot be separated from the exploits of intelligence and psychological warfare that have been applied just like modern wars centuries after. Historical Research analysis in this article will try to juxtapose intelligence theories and psychological warfare so that the story of the Mongolian empire can be a valuable lesson for the study of strategy and philosophy of war as a reference for modern military strategy. The historical analysis process is expected to achieve the research objectives, namely to reveal the extent to which the role of intelligence and psychological warfare has an important position in supporting the successful expansion and success of the empiric Genghis Khan. -
Nâsir Muhammed Dönemi Memlûk-Altin Orda Münâsebetleri: Stratejik Ittifaklar Relationships Betwen Mamluk-Golden Horde U
Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi / The Journal of International Social Research Cilt: 11 Sayı: 61 Yıl: 2018 Volume: 11 Issue: 61 Year: 2018 www.sosyalarastirmalar.com Issn: 1307 - 9581 http://dx.doi.org / 10.17719/jisr.2018.2923 NÂSIR MUHAMMED DÖNEMİ MEMLÛK - ALTIN ORDA MÜNÂSEBETLERİ: STRATEJİK İTTİFAKLAR RELAT I ONSH I PS BETWEN MAMLUK - GOLDEN HORDE UNDER THE NASIR MUHAMMAD: STRATEGIC ALL I ANCES Ahmet SAĞLAM Öz Moğol bakiyesi Altın Orda Hanlığı (1241 - 1502) ile Memlûk Devleti (1250 - 1571) sınır komşusu olmamasına rağmen her iki devlet stratejik müttefik l er olarak çok iyi ilişkiler geliştirmişlerdir. Esasen bu ilişkilerin merkezinde öncelikle Memlûk devlet yapısına şekil veren memlûk nizâmının insan kaynağı tedarik merkezinin Altın Orda ülkesi olması , ikinci si ortak düşmanları İlhanlılara karşı birlikte mücadele etm eleridir. S ınır komşu ları İlhanlılar , Suriye bölgesi için Memlûkler ile savaşma kta ve Azerbaycan için Altın Orda Hanlığı ile kuruluşundan beri m ücadele etmektedir. Bunun karşılığında İlhanlılara karşı birlikte hareket etme söz konusudur. Bu ilişkiler Memlû k Sultan’ı Nâsır Muhammed’in Altın Orda Han ’ı Özbek Han ’ın kızı ile yaptığı siyasi bir evlilik ile taçlandırıl arak akrabalık tesis edil miş, üst düzeye çıkarılmıştır. Anahtar Kelime ler: Meml û kler, N â sır Muhammed, Altın Orda, Özbek Han , İttifak. Abstract Despite the fact that the Altın Orda (1241 - 1502) and the Mamluk State (1250 - 1571) were not bordering neighbors, both states developed very good relations in the strategic alliance center. In fact, in the center of these relations, primarily the center of h uman resource of the Mamluk system is the Altın Orda country . T he second ly both states together fight against the common enemies The Ilk han s. -
Tam Metin(PDF)
International SOCIAL SCIENCES STUDIES JOURNAL SSSjournal (ISSN:2587-1587) Economics and Administration, Tourism and Tourism Management, History, Culture, Religion, Psychology, Sociology, Fine Arts, Engineering, Architecture, Language, Literature, Educational Sciences, Pedagogy & Other Disciplines in Social Sciences Vol:5, Issue:39 pp.3391-3795 2019 sssjournal.com ISSN:2587-1587 [email protected] Article Arrival Date (Makale Geliş Tarihi) 15/05/2019 The Published Rel. Date (Makale Yayın Kabul Tarihi) 28/07/2019 Published Date (Makale Yayın Tarihi) 28.07.2019 “MOĞOL İMPARATORLUĞUNDA YAŞANAN ARIK BUKA-KUBİLAY MÜCADELESİ: ÇAĞATAYLILARIN İLK BAĞIMSIZLIK TEŞEBBÜSLERİ” ARIK BUKA-KUBLAİ STRUGGLE İN THE MOGOL EMPİRE: THE FİRST ATTEMPTS OF İNDEPENDENCE OF CHAGATAİ Dr. Orhan ÇİNAR Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ortaçağ Tarihi Doktora, İstanbul/TÜRKİYE Article Type : Research Article/ Araştırma Makalesi Doi Number : http://dx.doi.org/10.26449/sssj.1626 Reference : Çınar, O. (2019). ““Moğol İmparatorluğunda Yaşanan Arık Buka-Kubilay Mücadelesi: Çağataylıların İlk Bağımsızlık Teşebbüsleri””, International Social Sciences Studies Journal, 5(39): 3791-3795. ÖZ Türkistan coğrafyasında XIII. Yüzyıldan itibaren hüküm sürmeye çalışan Çağatay Hanlığı Cengiz Han’ın ikinci oğlu Çağatay Han tarafından kurulmasına rağmen Altınorda, İlhanlı ve Kubilay hanlıkları gibi bağımsız hareket edememiştir. Bu durumun yaşanmasında Moğol İmparatorluğunun merkezi Karakurum’a olan yakınlık ve hanlarının Moğol Kağanları tarafından -
Khanate of the Golden Horde (Kipchak)
The Mongol Catastrophe For the Muslim east, the sudden eruption of the Mongol hordes was an indescribable calamity. Something of the shock and despair of Muslim reaction can be seen in the history of the contemporary historian Ibn al-Athir (d. 1233). He writes here about the year 1220-1221 when the Mongols (“Tartars”) burst in on the eastern lands. Is this a positive, negative, or neutral description of the Mongols? Why might the Mongols be compared to Alexander rather than, say, the Huns? they eat, [needing] naught else. As for their beasts which they ride, these dig into I say, therefore, that this thing involves the description of the greatest catastrophe the earth with their hoofs and eat the roots of plants, knowing naught of barley. and the most dire calamity (of the like of which days and nights are innocent) And so, when they alight anywhere, they have need of nothing from without. As for which befell all men generally, and the Muslims in particular; so that, should 0e say their religion, the‟ worship the sun when it arises, and regard nothing as unlawful, that the world, since God Almighty created Adam until now, hath not been afflicted for the; eat all beasts, even dogs, pigs, and the like; nor do they recognise the with the like thereof, he would but speak the truth. For indeed history doth not marriage-tie, for several men are in marital relations with one woman, and if a child contain aught which approaches or comes nigh unto it.... is born, it knows not who is its father. -
A History of Inner Asia
This page intentionally left blank A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA Geographically and historically Inner Asia is a confusing area which is much in need of interpretation.Svat Soucek’s book offers a short and accessible introduction to the history of the region.The narrative, which begins with the arrival of Islam, proceeds chrono- logically, charting the rise and fall of the changing dynasties, the Russian conquest of Central Asia and the fall of the Soviet Union. Dynastic tables and maps augment and elucidate the text.The con- temporary focus rests on the seven countries which make up the core of present-day Eurasia, that is Uzbekistan, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Sinkiang, and Mongolia. Since 1991, there has been renewed interest in these countries which has prompted considerable political, cultural, economic, and religious debate.While a vast and divergent literature has evolved in consequence, no short survey of the region has been attempted. Soucek’s history of Inner Asia promises to fill this gap and to become an indispensable source of information for anyone study- ing or visiting the area. is a bibliographer at Princeton University Library. He has worked as Central Asia bibliographer at Columbia University, New York Public Library, and at the University of Michigan, and has published numerous related articles in The Journal of Turkish Studies, The Encyclopedia of Islam, and The Dictionary of the Middle Ages. A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA Princeton University Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge , United Kingdom Published in the United States by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521651691 © Cambridge University Press 2000 This book is in copyright. -
Introduction to Uyghurs & East Turkistan
12 Nov 2010. London. Online version of this article available at: http://www.uyghurensemble.co.uk/en-html/introduction-to-Uyghurs.pdf _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO UYGHURS AND EAST TURKISTAN ALL ABOUT THE UYGHURS . Uyghur (also spelled Uighur, Uygur) means "unity" or "alliance”, it is pronounced [ÖY-ghur or Uigu:R]. They are a Turkic ethnic people. Pre-history Uyghurs: the name Uyghur (Uighur) appeared for the first time 17,000 years ago in the pre-historic period with The Great Uighur Empire in the Continent of Mu during the Tertiary Era Belonged to the Continent of Mu1. James Churchward describes in his book “the great Uighur Empire” as the largest and most important colonial empire belonging to Mu, the Empire of the Sun. "Next to Mu herself, the Uighur Empire was the largest empire the world has ever known." . Uyghur history can be divided into four distinct phases: Pre-Imperial (300 BC – AD 630), Imperial (AD 630–840), Idiqut (AD 840–1200), and Mongol (AD 1209–1600), with perhaps a fifth modern phase running from the death of the Silk Road in AD 1600 until the present. Most people know that Tibet was occupied by China in 1950s but how many know that the Uyghurs' country East Turkistan (Xinjiang 'new frontier' in Chinese) was occupied by China in 1949? 1 These theories are explained in Hans Stefan Santesson’s published book in 1970 entitled “Understanding Mu: The Uighurs” Chapter 10 pages 96-100. Hans Stefan Santesson has proved these theories according to James Churchward’s book “Lost Continent of Mu Motherland of Man” (1926) Chapter 5 pages 105-110. -
The Catholic Church in Polish History
Palgrave Studies in Religion, Politics, and Policy Series Editors Ted G. Jelen University of Nevada, Las Vegas Las Vegas, Nevada, USA Mark J. Rozell George Mason University Fairfax, Virginia, USA A generation ago, many social scientists regarded religion as an anachronism, whose social, economic, and political importance would inevitably wane and disappear in the face of the inexorable forces of modernity. Of course, nothing of the sort has occurred; indeed, the public role of religion is resurgent in US domestic politics, in other nations, and in the international arena. Today, religion is widely acknowledged to be a key variable in candidate nominations, platforms, and elections; it is recognized as a major influence on domestic and foreign policies. National religious movements as diverse as the Christian Right in the United States and the Taliban in Afghanistan are important factors in the internal politics of particular nations. Moreover, such transnational religious actors as Al-Qaida, Falun Gong, and the Vatican have had important effects on the politics and policies of nations around the world. Palgrave Studies in Religion, Politics, and Policy serves a growing niche in the discipline of political science. This subfield has proliferated rapidly during the past two decades, and has generated an enormous amount of scholarly studies and journalistic coverage. Five years ago, the journal Politics and Religion was created; in addition, works relating to religion and politics have been the subject of many articles in more general academic journals. The number of books and monographs on religion and politics has increased tremendously. In the past, many social scientists dismissed religion as a key variable in politics and government. -
Anadolu'da Moğol Boyları - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi/ International Journal of Historical Researches, Yıl/Vol
Anadolu Moğolları: Anadolu'da Moğol Boyları - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi/ International Journal of Historical Researches, Yıl/Vol. 1, Sayı/No. 1 Bahar/Spring 2018 Anadolu Moğolları: Anadolu'da Moğol Boyları Ekizceliler.com* Marco Polo* Sadun Köprülü* Anadolu Moğolları* Özet Moğolcalı, Moğolcalu, Moğulcalı, Moğulcalu, Muğalcalı, Muğalcalu, Muğulcalı, Muğulcalu, Muscalı, Muscalu, Musacalı, Musacalu, Müscalı, Müscalu, Müsacalı, Müsacalu, Musulcalı, Musulculu, Musulcalu, Muslucalı, Muslucu, Muslucalu aşireti – diye Irak’ın Musul, TELAFER Türk-Moğolları. Türkleşmiş Moğol aşiretidir. Bugün (Emirdağ’ında “Nevahi-i Barçın Kazası”) Ekizce köyünde yaşarlar. Ve Jırgın (Cırgın) aşiretide bugün (Emirdağ’ında “Nevahi-i Barçın Kazası”) yaşarlar. Ve Diğer Moğol boyları: Tatarlar, Kireyitler, Naymanlar, Sünit, Bisüvüt, Suganut, Mangıt, Kurulas, Kongırat, Dürben, Kıyat, Bayaut (Bayat), Barın, Barlas, İlhanlı, Uyrat aşireti, Suldus aşireti, Celayir aşireti, Sutay (Sutai) aşireti, Tatar aşireti, Mugal Tatarları cemaati, Moğultay cemaati (İçel Yörükleri), Çalış ("Tataran-ı Gayiban" Arsa Yüzü Bölüğü) aşireti, Çavurcu cemaati, Garb Yüzü Bölüğü (Tataran-ı Mugal), Gayiban Tatarları, Haymene-i Tataran-ı Mugal cemaati, Hamis Ağıl (Ulu Azman "Tataran-ı Mugal" Garb Yüzü Bölüğü), Hindüler cemaati ("Baybal Özü Bölüğü" Baybal Özü Bölüğü), İletmiş Bölüğü cemaati (Tataran Cemaati), Karataylu cemaati ("Moğol Tatarları cemaati" Arsa Yüzü Bölüğü), Kayabalu Bölüğü cemaati (Tataran-ı Mugal), Konbaklar cemaati (Tataran-ı Mugal), Nureddin cemaati ("Moğol Tatarları -
July/August 2012 Interior
Proof: Europeans Were First to the New World . BRINGING HISTORY INTO ACCORD WITH THE FACTS IN THE TRADITION OF DR. HARRY ELMER BARNES Across Atlantic Ice The Barnes Review The Origin of America’s Clovis Culture A JOURNAL OF NATIONALIST THOUGHT & HISTORY NEW FROM TBR BOOK CLUB: By DENNIS J. STANFORD and BRUCE A. BRADLEY VOLUME XVIII NUMBER 4 JULY/AUGUST 2012 BARNESREVIEW.COM ho were the first humans to inhabit North America? According to the now-familiar story, mammal hunters entered the continent some W12,000 years ago via a land bridge that spanned the Bering Sea. The presence of these early New World people was established by distinctive stone tools belonging to the Clovis culture. But are the Clovis tools Asian in origin? Drawing from original archeological analysis, paleoclimatic research and genetic studies, noted archeologists Dennis J. Stanford and Bruce A. Bradley challenge the old narrative and, in the process, counter traditional—and often subjective—approaches to archeological testing for historical relatedness. The authors apply rigorous scholarship to a hypothesis that places the technological antecedents of Clovis in Europe and posits that the first Americans crossed the Atlantic by boat and arrived earlier than previously thought. Supplying archeological and oceanographic evidence to sup- port this assertion, the book dismantles the old paradigm while persuasively linking Clovis technology with the culture of the Solutrean people who occupied France and Spain more than 20,000 years ago. Hardback, 319 pages, #620, $35 plus $5 S&H inside the U.S. Outside U.S. email [email protected] for S&H. -
4. the Settlement
4. THE SETTLEMENT (The occupation of the Carpathian basin. The IXth-Xth centuries) In the “Etelkoz” settlement area (modern Bessarabia) the seven Onogur-Magyar tribes (Nyeck, Megyer, Kurtgyarmat, Tarjan, Jeno, Ker, Keszi) and the Khabar tribe established a firm federation under a hereditary ruler. In a covenant called the “Blood Treaty” the tribal chiefs, representing the nation, codified their national constitution. They elected Arpad, the chief of the largest tribe (Megyer), and his descendants as their hereditary rulers. They also agreed that the land obtained by common effort should be shared justly by all members of the nation. Thus, shortly before their exodus from the Etelkoz area (895-896 AD), the Hungarians laid the foundation of a progressive liberal constitution. The elected sovereign was to rule by the will of the nation (not by the “Grace of God”), and land was to be held by the individuals as their rightful property, not in fief from their lord: thus they rejected the medieval principle of feudalism. The leaders of the nation became interested in the powerstruggles of the Byzantine and Western (German) Empires and allied themselves with one and the other on various occasions. As allies of the German emperor, Arnuif they were instrumental in the destruction of the short-lived “Moravian Empire” of Svatopluk (892-894). During these campaigns they had ample opportunity to reconnoiter the Carpathian Basin, which their legends had already indicated as their inheritance from Attila. The constant harassment of their eastern neighbors, the Pechenegs made them realize how unprotected their Etelkoz homeland was. So they decided to settle behind the Carpathians.