DOCSLIB.ORG

Genghis Khan War Council Background Guide

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Genghis Khan War Council Background Guide Genghis Khan War Council Background Guide Chairs: EagleMUNC Paul Howard Website: Boston College Model [email protected] www.EagleMUNC.org United Nations Conference March 17-19 2017 Taylor Belval Genghis Khan Letters from the Secretariat Delegates, It is my distinct pleasure to welcome you to EagleMUNC V! My name is Kerianne DiBattista, and I am the Secretary-General of EagleMUNC V. I am a senior at Boston College in the Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences majoring in International Studies with a concentration in Economics. I am originally from Long Island, NY, and I have been participating in Model UN conferences since I was in tenth grade, rising to become Head Delegate and Secretary-General of my high school conference. At BC, I travelled to several conferences with our MUN team and I have participated EagleMUNC since my freshman year. As you begin your EagleMUNC V experience, I implore you to explore the conference theme, "The Interplay of Power and Ethics," and make your EagleMUNC experience the best it can be! Thank you, and I'll see you at EagleMUNC! Best Regards, Kerianne DiBattista Secretary-General, EagleMUNC V Dear Delegates, It is my great pleasure to welcome you to EagleMUNC V! My name is Jack Massih and I am the Under Secretary-General of Political Affairs. I am a senior at Boston College studying Political Science and Economics. I began participating in MUN my sophomore year of high school and have been hooked ever since. I joined the EagleMUNC team as a freshman for the first year we moved off BC’s campus and into Boston, and it has been a joy to witness the conference continuously grow and evolve since then. The Political Affairs team has been working incredibly hard to prepare for the most innovative and exciting conference in EagleMUNC history. I am looking forward to seeing all of your creative and thoughtful responses to the diplomatic predicaments and crises you confront over the weekend. Best, Jack Massih Under Secretary-General Political Affairs, EagleMUNC V Genghis Khan Introduction from the Chairs Dear Delegates, Welcome to EagleMUNC V! My name is Paul Howard and I am happy to serve as the chair of the Ad Hoc Committee this year. I am a senior at Boston College studying Business with concentrations in Marketing and Management & Leadership and a minor in Environmental Studies. I have been participating in Model United Nations since my freshmen year of high school. My experiences at conferences have taught me about many international issues and how to interpret, analyze, and react to them. I have also learned numerous public speaking skills and how to listen to others’ arguments and present my own. It’s a great organization to be a part of and I encourage you all to remain involved at your schools. During my time at Boston College I have been on the Secretariat of EagleMUNC III and IV and have loved watching the conference grow into what it is today. I hope you all have a fantastic time this year and are looking forward to the debating as much as my co-chair, Taylor, and I are. In our committee at EagleMUNC V, you will be serving as members of Genghis Khan’s political and military council, the Kurultai. The year is 1218 and I, Genghis Khan, have just called you to council after learning that ambassadors which were sent to the Khwarezmian Shah, Muhammad, have been killed. This is an outrage and affront to the honor of every person in our great empire. We need to devise a way to punish the offenders for their betrayal and make sure this never happens again. I look forward to working with you all as we wage war against these murderers and keep our empire great and prosperous. If you have any questions prior to the conference, I encourage you all to reach out to me via email. I look forward to meeting you at EagleMUNC V! Regards, Paul Howard Boston College, 2017 Genghis Khan Dear Delegates, Welcome to EagleMUNC! My name is Taylor Belval and I will be the co-chair for this year’s Ad Hoc. I am a freshman at Boston College studying marketing. I have been involved in Model UN since my freshman year of high school and have participated in around 10 conferences. Model UN has really helped my confidence in public speaking. My favorite thing about MUN is definitely how creativity can completely change the course of committees. Last year, I attended EagleMUNC as a delegate and caused a small amount of mayhem in the Security Council. At BC, I play on the Women’s Club Ultimate Frisbee team. I am also a member of EagleOps which works with BC’s marketing team during sporting events. Good luck with your preparation, I cannot wait to meet you all! Best, Taylor Belval Boston College, 2020 Genghis Khan History: Between 1206 and 1227, Genghis Khan, a native of present day Mongolia, created the largest contiguous empire in human history.1 The Mongols first emerged as a powerful tribe around 1130 but then were scattered into clans after being defeated by the Tartars in 1160. These clans experienced large amounts of conflict and therefore the Mongols were kept weak and divided. One of the clan leaders, Yesugei, in 1167, had a son named Temujin.2 This son was deserted by his tribe, along with his mother and siblings, at nine years old when his father was poisoned and died. At the age of 16, he enlisted the help of his father’s old friends when his wife was captured, and he used these allies to become a well-known, powerful figure on the steppes of Mongolia. He quickly became the head of the family and was even suspected of killing one of his step-brothers who stole a fish from him. With his childhood friend, Jamugha3, he was able to take control over most of the Mongol clans. Around 1206, after some setbacks, Temujin took the title 1 History.com Staff. "Genghis Khan." History.com. A&E Television Networks, 2009. Web. 30 Aug. 2016. 2 http://www.allempires.com/article/?q=The_Mongol_Empire 3 http://historiarex.com/e/en/333-genghis-khan-1162-1227-temujin Genghis Khan Chingis Khan (Genghis Khan).4 This made him the Great Khan or the supreme leader of all the Mongol people. Genghis was a brilliant strategist and forced people to listen to him. This was accomplished by his aptitude for psychological warfare and creating high amounts of terror among his opponents. However, he was also a compassionate leader and sought surrender wherever possible, not wanting to perform violent acts with no justification. Military Strength: Around 1187, Genghis decided to unite more of Mongolia after his longtime friend, Juamugha, attacked his troops,5 and in order to do this he created an army of more highly trained warriors. This army was mounted on horseback and capable of moving 60-120 miles per day which was unheard of for any army of comparable size. This was possible partially because each Mongol warrior maintained three or four horses which they could switch between over long journeys.6 This provided a large advantage in being able to wage quick, accurate strikes against enemy forces and cover large amounts of distance in minimal time. The army was also organized by a simple, traditional decimal system which consisted of groups of tens, hundreds, and thousands of men regardless of ethnic origin.7 This division of troops is contributed to much of the Mongol military success as orders were able to be delivered to specific units efficiently and rapidly. Even though they were a highly mobile military, the Mongols were still 4 "Genghis Khan: Terror and Conquest." Infobase.com. A&E Television Networks, 1997. Web. 05 Sept. 2016. 5 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamukha 6 Morris, Rossabi (October 1994). "All the Khan's Horses" (PDF). p. 2. Retrieved 2007-11-21. 7 Amy Chua. Day of Empire: How hyperpowers rise to global dominance, and why they fall. New York: Random House, 2007. p.95 Genghis Khan skilled in the art of siege warfare and could construct simple yet effective machines such as trebuchets and catapults. A more cruel tactic employed by the Mongol army during battle was the kharash, which entailed gathering residents or soldier previously defeated. This crowd served as a human shield which would push forward to take the brunt of the enemy long-range weapons and to break down obstacles so the Mongol army could move forward unimpeded.8 Campaign in China: In 1206, at age 40, Genghis began looking toward China. His gathering of the Mongols to prepare for this venture was the largest in history. In 1210, he sent envoys to the Jin Empire. The envoys were captured and killed. This was an unforgivable thing for Genghis and he decided to invade in 1211 after meditating and saying that he was told by the gods that it was the right thing to do. His forces easily got past the Great Wall and laid waste to most the of the Jin Empire in northern China. Campaign in the Middle East (Current Issue): After campaigns in northern China, he sent envoys to the ruler, or Shah, of the Khwarezmid Empire, Ala ad-Din Muhammad, in the Central Asia/Persia area. In 1218, the 8 http://mongolmania.weebly.com/ Genghis Khan envoys were slaughtered there as well. At the time of this committee, there is no clear successor of the Mongol Empire should something happen to Genghis Khan, and decisions are being made regarding what to do regarding the slaughter.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • DOI: 10.22378/2313-6197.2017-5-3 ISSN 2313-6197 (Online) ISSN 2308-152X (Print) ЗОЛОТООРДЫНСКОЕ ОБОЗРЕНИЕ 2017
    DOI: 10.22378/2313-6197.2017-5-3 ISSN 2313-6197 (Online) ISSN 2308-152X (Print) ЗОЛОТООРДЫНСКОЕ ОБОЗРЕНИЕ 2017. Том 5, № 3 ZOLOTOORDYNSKOE OBOZRENIE= G OLDEN H ORDE R EVIEW 2017. Vol. 5, no. 3 Научный журнал Academic Journal УЧРЕДИТЕЛЬ: FOUNDER: ГБУ «Институт истории State Institution им. Ш. Марджани Академии наук «Sh.Marjani Institute of History Республики Татарстан» of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences» Свидетельство о регистрации СМИ Certificate of registration in the mass media ПИ № ФС77–54682 от 9 июля 2013 г. ПИ № ФС77–54682 given by Roskomnadzor выдано Роскомнадзором on 9 July 2013 Журнал основан в апреле 2013 г. Journal was founded in April 2013 Выходит 4 раза в год Published 4 times a year РЕДАКЦИЯ: EDITORIAL OFFICE: 420014, г. Казань, Кремль, подъезд 5 (юрид.) 420014, Kazan, Kremlin, entrance 5 (juridical) 420111, г. Казань, ул. Батурина, 7 420111, Kazan, Baturin Str., 7 Тел./факс (843) 292 84 82 (приемная), Tel./Fax (843) 292 84 82 (reception), 292 00 19 292 00 19 Подписной индекс в каталоге Subscription index in the «Catalogue «Каталог Российской Прессы» – 31999 of the Russian Press» – 31999 ЖУРНАЛ ИНДЕКСИРУЕТСЯ В: THE JOURNAL IS INDEXED BY: Scopus Scopus Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory Российский индекс научного Russian Science Citation цитирования (РИНЦ), РГБ Index Database, RSL AcademicKeys, WorldCat AcademicKeys, WorldCat Научная электронная библиотека Scientific Electronic Open Access открытого доступа КиберЛенинка Library CyberLeninka Google Scholar, СОЦИОНЕТ Google Scholar, SOCIONET Журнал входит в Перечень российских рецензируемых научных журналов, в которых должны быть опубликованы основные научные результаты диссертаций на соискание ученых степеней доктора и кандидата наук (список научных журналов ВАК МОиН РФ) http://goldhorde.ru E-mail: [email protected] © ГБУ «Институт истории им.
    [Show full text]
  • Mongol Lawâ•Fla Concise Historical Survey
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by UW Law Digital Commons (University of Washington) Washington Law Review Volume 23 Number 2 5-1-1948 Mongol Law—A Concise Historical Survey V. A. Riasanovsky Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wlr Digital Par t of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons Commons Network Recommended Citation Logo V. A. Riasanovsky, Far Eastern Section, Mongol Law—A Concise Historical Survey, 23 Wash. L. Rev. & St. B.J. 166 (1948). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wlr/vol23/iss2/9 This Far Eastern Section is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews and Journals at UW Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington Law Review by an authorized editor of UW Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WASHINGTON LAW REVIEW Soviet society is thought of as a moral or "moral-political" unity; its members are but youths and children, requiring training and educa- tion, Soviet law educates them to a Communist social-consciousness, "ingrafting upon them," in the words of a recent Soviet writer," "high, noble feelings." However repressive the Soviet legal system may ap- pear to the "reasonable man" of American tradition, the importance of the underlying conception of Law as a teacher should not be minimized. 14 Kareva, The Role of Soviet Law in the Education of Communist Conscsousness, BOLSHEVIK, No. 4 (in Russian) (1947). MONGOL LAW-A CONCISE HISTORICAL SURVEY V A. RiAsANOVSKY* Two basic systems of law, one Chinese, the other Mongol, co- existed in Eastern Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Protagonist of Qubilai Khan's Unsuccessful
    BUQA CHĪNGSĀNG: PROTAGONIST OF QUBILAI KHAN’S UNSUCCESSFUL COUP ATTEMPT AGAINST THE HÜLEGÜID DYNASTY MUSTAFA UYAR* It is generally accepted that the dissolution of the Mongol Empire began in 1259, following the death of Möngke the Great Khan (1251–59)1. Fierce conflicts were to arise between the khan candidates for the empty throne of the Great Khanate. Qubilai (1260–94), the brother of Möngke in China, was declared Great Khan on 5 May 1260 in the emergency qurultai assembled in K’ai-p’ing, which is quite far from Qara-Qorum, the principal capital of Mongolia2. This event started the conflicts within the Mongolian Khanate. The first person to object to the election of the Great Khan was his younger brother Ariq Böke (1259–64), another son of Qubilai’s mother Sorqoqtani Beki. Being Möngke’s brother, just as Qubilai was, he saw himself as the real owner of the Great Khanate, since he was the ruler of Qara-Qorum, the main capital of the Mongol Khanate. Shortly after Qubilai was declared Khan, Ariq Böke was also declared Great Khan in June of the same year3. Now something unprecedented happened: there were two competing Great Khans present in the Mongol Empire, and both received support from different parts of the family of the empire. The four Mongol khanates, which should theo- retically have owed obedience to the Great Khan, began to act completely in their own interests: the Khan of the Golden Horde, Barka (1257–66) supported Böke. * Assoc. Prof., Ankara University, Faculty of Languages, History and Geography, Department of History, Ankara/TURKEY, [email protected] 1 For further information on the dissolution of the Mongol Empire, see D.
    [Show full text]
  • Nomadic Incursion MMW 13, Lecture 3
    MMW 13, Lecture 3 Nomadic Incursion HOW and Why? The largest Empire before the British Empire What we talked about in last lecture 1) No pure originals 2) History is interrelated 3) Before Westernization (16th century) was southernization 4) Global integration happened because of human interaction: commerce, religion and war. Known by many names “Ruthless” “Bloodthirsty” “madman” “brilliant politician” “destroyer of civilizations” “The great conqueror” “Genghis Khan” Ruling through the saddle Helped the Eurasian Integration Euroasia in Fragments Afro-Eurasia Afro-Eurasian complex as interrelational societies Cultures circulated and accumulated in complex ways, but always interconnected. Contact Zones 1. Eurasia: (Hemispheric integration) a) Mediterranean-Mesopotamia b) Subcontinent 2) Euro-Africa a) Africa-Mesopotamia 3) By the late 15th century Transatlantic (Globalization) Africa-Americas 12th century Song and Jin dynasties Abbasids: fragmented: Fatimads in Egypt are overtaken by the Ayyubid dynasty (Saladin) Africa: North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa Europe: in the periphery; Roman catholic is highly bureaucratic and society feudal How did these zones become connected? Nomadic incursions Xiongunu Huns (Romans) White Huns (Gupta state in India) Avars Slavs Bulgars Alans Uighur Turks ------------------------------------------------------- In Antiquity, nomads were known for: 1. War 2. Migration Who are the Nomads? Tribal clan-based people--at times formed into confederate forces-- organized based on pastoral or agricultural economies. 1) Migrate so to adapt to the ecological and changing climate conditions. 2) Highly competitive on a tribal basis. 3) Religion: Shamanistic & spirit-possession Two Types of Nomadic peoples 1. Pastoral: lifestyle revolves around living off the meat, milk and hides of animals that are domesticated as they travel through arid lands.
    [Show full text]
  • Power, Politics, and Tradition in the Mongol Empire and the Ilkhanate of Iran
    OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 08/08/16, SPi POWER, POLITICS, AND TRADITION IN THE MONGOL EMPIRE AND THE ĪlkhānaTE OF IRAN OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 08/08/16, SPi OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 08/08/16, SPi Power, Politics, and Tradition in the Mongol Empire and the Īlkhānate of Iran MICHAEL HOPE 1 OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 08/08/16, SPi 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6D P, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Michael Hope 2016 The moral rights of the author have been asserted First Edition published in 2016 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Control Number: 2016932271 ISBN 978–0–19–876859–3 Printed in Great Britain by Clays Ltd, St Ives plc Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only.
    [Show full text]
  • About the Mongol Invasions
    CK_4_TH_HG_P087_242.QXD 10/6/05 9:02 AM Page 162 V. China: Dynasties and Conquerors navigators could use it to be sure they were traveling in the right direction. The compass did not reach Europe until the 1200s. It was one of the navigational devices that enabled Europeans to embark on their voyages of exploration in search of an all-water route to Asia. Paper money came into use in China during the Song dynasty. The Chinese, Teaching Idea as well as other peoples, had been using metal coins for centuries, but the Chinese Ask students to write an expository were the first to use paper currency. Two other inventions converged to make the piece about why they think the Chinese use of paper currency possible. First, the Chinese had invented the process of invented paper money instead of con- making paper in 105 CE, and then, during the Tang dynasty in the 700s CE, they tinuing solely to use coins. Historians had learned how to print from large blocks of type—the words for a page were believe the Chinese switched to paper carved into a single block of wood the size of the page, then inked, and paper money because there was not enough applied. In the 1040s, the Chinese had invented the use of movable type for print- copper, bronze, and iron to make coins ing. The characters for individual words were carved into small pieces of wood and for the entire population. Also, paper assembled to make a page, then inked, and paper applied. Europeans would not money was easier to carry around and employ movable type until the time of Gutenberg, about 1450.
    [Show full text]
  • Il-Khanate Empire
    1 Il-Khanate Empire 1250s, after the new Great Khan, Möngke (r.1251–1259), sent his brother Hülegü to MICHAL BIRAN expand Mongol territories into western Asia, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel primarily against the Assassins, an extreme Isma‘ilite-Shi‘ite sect specializing in political The Il-Khanate was a Mongol state that ruled murder, and the Abbasid Caliphate. Hülegü in Western Asia c.1256–1335. It was known left Mongolia in 1253. In 1256, he defeated to the Mongols as ulus Hülegü, the people the Assassins at Alamut, next to the Caspian or state of Hülegü (1218–1265), the dynasty’s Sea, adding to his retinue Nasir al-Din al- founder and grandson of Chinggis Khan Tusi, one of the greatest polymaths of the (Genghis Khan). Centered in Iran and Muslim world, who became his astrologer Azerbaijan but ruling also over Iraq, Turkme- and trusted advisor. In 1258, with the help nistan, and parts of Afghanistan, Anatolia, of various Mongol tributaries, including and the southern Caucasus (Georgia, many Muslims, he brutally conquered Bagh- Armenia), the Il-Khanate was a highly cos- dad, eliminating the Abbasid Caliphate that mopolitan empire that had close connections had nominally led the Muslim world for more with China and Western Europe. It also had a than 500 years (750–1258). Hülegü continued composite administration and legacy that into Syria, but withdrew most of his troops combined Mongol, Iranian, and Muslim after hearing of Möngke’s death (1259). The elements, and produced some outstanding defeat of the remnants of his troops by the cultural achievements.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies in Honour of Éva Kincses-Nagy
    ALTAIC AND CHAGATAY LECTURES Studies in Honour of Éva Kincses-Nagy Altaic and Chagatay Lectures Studies in Honour of Éva Kincses-Nagy Edited by István Zimonyi Szeged – 2021 This publication was supported by the ELTE-SZTE Silk Road Research Group, ELKH Cover illustration: Everyone acts according to his own disposition (Q 17,84, written in nasta’liq) Calligraphy of Mustafa Khudair Letters and Words. Exhibtion of Arabic Calligraphy. Cairo 2011, 35. © University of Szeged, Department of Altaic Studies, Printed in 2021 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by other means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of the author or the publisher. Printed by: Innovariant Ltd., H-6750 Algyő, Ipartelep 4. ISBN: 978 963 306 793 2 (printed) ISBN: 978 963 306 794 9 (pdf) Contents Preface ................................................................................................................. 11 ŞÜKRÜ HALÛK AKALIN On the Etymology and Word Formation of Arıbeyi ‘Queen Bee’: How did the Female Bee Become Bey ‘Male Ruler’ in Turkish? ....................... 15 KUTSE ALTIN The Reconstruction of the Motives and Activities of the Last Campaign of Kanuni Sultan Süleyman ........................................................ 21 TATIANA A. ANIKEEVA The Tale of the Epic Cycle of “Kitab-i Dedem Korkut” in Turkish Folklore of the 20th Century ................................................................... 43 İBRAHIM AHMET AYDEMIR Zur Typologie von „Small Clauses” in modernen Türksprachen ........................ 51 LÁSZLÓ BALOGH Notes on the Ethnic and Political Conditions of the Carpathian Basin in the Early 9th Century ........................................................... 61 JÚLIA BARTHA Turkish Heritage of Hungarian Dietary Culture .................................................. 71 BÜLENT BAYRAM An Epic about Attila in Chuvash Literature: Attilpa Krimkilte .........................
    [Show full text]
  • Mulan's Sisters on the Steppes of Inner Asia
    Western Washington University Western CEDAR WWU Honors Program Senior Projects WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship Winter 2021 Mulan's Sisters on the Steppes of Inner Asia Zoe Hoff Western Washington University Follow this and additional works at: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwu_honors Part of the Chinese Studies Commons Recommended Citation Hoff, Zoe, "Mulan's Sisters on the Steppes of Inner Asia" (2021). WWU Honors Program Senior Projects. 443. https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwu_honors/443 This Project is brought to you for free and open access by the WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship at Western CEDAR. It has been accepted for inclusion in WWU Honors Program Senior Projects by an authorized administrator of Western CEDAR. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Mulan’s Sisters on the Steppes of Inner Asia Zoe Hoff Mulan’s Sisters on the Steppes of Inner Asia 0 Mulan’s Sisters on the Steppes of Inner Asia Zoe Hoff Intro Sedentary Practices and Expectations As cultures change so too do the dynamics within them, one of the most polarizing being the relationship between men and women. Each culture has adapted gender issues differently. This paper will focus on such gender issues within some of the historically nomadic populations in Inner Asia over a long period of time. In Inner Asia there were women who exercised their powers in different ways The Northern Wei (386-534 CE), which was a sedentary society established by the Taghbach, a nomadic people, that had female rulers. The story of Mulan shows a side of culture, women participating in war in Inner Asia, that is not often talked about.
    [Show full text]
  • Theocracy Metin M. Coşgel Thomas J. Miceli
    Theocracy Metin M. Coşgel University of Connecticut Thomas J. Miceli University of Connecticut Working Paper 2013-29 November 2013 365 Fairfield Way, Unit 1063 Storrs, CT 06269-1063 Phone: (860) 486-3022 Fax: (860) 486-4463 http://www.econ.uconn.edu/ This working paper is indexed on RePEc, http://repec.org THEOCRACY by Metin Coşgel* and Thomas J. Miceli** Abstract: Throughout history, religious and political authorities have had a mysterious attraction to each other. Rulers have established state religions and adopted laws with religious origins, sometimes even claiming to have divine powers. We propose a political economy approach to theocracy, centered on the legitimizing relationship between religious and political authorities. Making standard assumptions about the motivations of these authorities, we identify the factors favoring the emergence of theocracy, such as the organization of the religion market, monotheism vs. polytheism, and strength of the ruler. We use two sets of data to test the implications of the model. We first use a unique data set that includes information on over three hundred polities that have been observed throughout history. We also use recently available cross-country data on the relationship between religious and political authorities to examine these issues in current societies. The results provide strong empirical support for our arguments about why in some states religious and political authorities have maintained independence, while in others they have integrated into a single entity. JEL codes: H10,
    [Show full text]
  • The Great Empires of Asia the Great Empires of Asia
    The Great Empires of Asia The Great Empires of Asia EDITED BY JIM MASSELOS FOREWORD BY JONATHAN FENBY WITH 27 ILLUSTRATIONS Note on spellings and transliterations There is no single agreed system for transliterating into the Western CONTENTS alphabet names, titles and terms from the different cultures and languages represented in this book. Each culture has separate traditions FOREWORD 8 for the most ‘correct’ way in which words should be transliterated from The Legacy of Empire Arabic and other scripts. However, to avoid any potential confusion JONATHAN FENBY to the non-specialist reader, in this volume we have adopted a single system of spellings and have generally used the versions of names and titles that will be most familiar to Western readers. INTRODUCTION 14 The Distinctiveness of Asian Empires JIM MASSELOS Elements of Empire Emperors and Empires Maintaining Empire Advancing Empire CHAPTER ONE 27 Central Asia: The Mongols 1206–1405 On the cover: Map of Unidentified Islands off the Southern Anatolian Coast, by Ottoman admiral and geographer Piri Reis (1465–1555). TIMOTHY MAY Photo: The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore. The Rise of Chinggis Khan The Empire after Chinggis Khan First published in the United Kingdom in 2010 by Thames & Hudson Ltd, 181A High Holborn, London WC1V 7QX The Army of the Empire Civil Government This compact paperback edition first published in 2018 The Rule of Law The Great Empires of Asia © 2010 and 2018 Decline and Dissolution Thames & Hudson Ltd, London The Greatness of the Mongol Empire Foreword © 2018 Jonathan Fenby All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced CHAPTER TWO 53 or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, China: The Ming 1368–1644 including photocopy, recording or any other information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher.
    [Show full text]
  • Bee Round 1 Bee Round 1 Regulation Questions
    NHBB Nationals Bee 2018-2019 Bee Round 1 Bee Round 1 Regulation Questions (1) This man, as Public Safety Director of Cleveland, controversially ordered the burning of its shanty towns in response to the Cleveland Torso Murderer. This man co-wrote a memoir with Oscar Farley which was named for a term coined by Charles Schwarz. George Johnson appointed this man to head a group dedicated to prosecuting criminals under the Volstead Act. This man's inability to be bribed by the Chicago Outfit led him and his men to be labeled the \Untouchables." For the point, name this Prohibition-era crime fighter who helped bring down Al Capone. ANSWER: Eliot Ness (2) One woman during this period was strangled after her infant son, nicknamed “offspring of the thief," was hanged. Jacob De La Gardie helped defeat the Rebel of Tushino during this period, but defected when Dmitri Shuisky failed to lift the Siege of Smolensk after being defeated by winged hussars at the Battle of Klushino. This period began after Feodor the Bellringer was briefly succeeded by Boris Gudonov. At least four pretenders to the throne named False Dmitris appeared during, for the point, what tumultuous era which ended with the accession of Michael Romanov? ANSWER: Time of Troubles (3) During this conflict, Wilhelm II requested Abdul Hamid II to stop Muslim troops from fighting. Those forces murdered Sugiyama Akira during this conflict and repelled the Seymour expedition. The Militia United in Righteousness fought alongside those forces, the Gansu Braves, in this conflict, where their siege of the Legation Quarter was lifted by the Eight-Nation Army.
    [Show full text]