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LIBRO El Imperio Mongol.Indb EL IMPERIO MONGOL Temas de Historia Medieval Coordinador: JOSÉ MARÍA MONSALVO ANTÓN EL IMPERIO MONGOL Antonio García Espada Consulte nuestra página web: www.sintesis.com En ella encontrará el catálogo completo y comentado © Antonio García Espada © EDITORIAL SÍNTESIS, S. A. Vallehermoso, 34. 28015 Madrid Teléfono: 91 593 20 98 www.sintesis.com ISBN: 978-84-9171-051-6 Depósito Legal: M-29.570-2017 Impreso en España - Printed in Spain Reservados todos los derechos. Está prohibido, bajo las sanciones penales y el resarcimiento civil previstos en las leyes, reproducir, registrar o transmitir esta publicación, íntegra o parcialmente, por cualquier sistema de recuperación y por cualquier medio, sea mecánico, electrónico, magnético, electroóptico, por fotocopia o por cualquier otro, sin la autorización previa por escrito de Editorial Síntesis, S. A. ÍNDICE INTRODUCCIÓN . 11 PARTE I CHINGGIS KHAN (1162-1227) 1. LA HISTORIA SECRETA DE LOS MONGOLES . 23 1 .1 . Temuyin . 24 1 .1 .1 . Yesugei . 25 1 .1 .2 . Hoelun . 26 1 .1 .3 . La estepa . 27 1 .1 .4 . El despertar de Temuyin . 30 1 .1 .5 . El rapto de Borte . 32 1 .1 .6 . La guerra contra Jamuqa . 33 1 .1 .7 . La victoria sobre los keraítas . 35 1 .1 .8 . La victoria sobre los naimanos . 36 1 .2 . LaHistoria secreta . 38 1 .2 .1 . La datación de la Historia secreta . 39 1 .2 .2 . Fuentes alternativas . 40 1 .2 .3 . Composición literaria . 41 1 .2 .4 . Cosmovisión de la Historia secreta . 42 2. EL IMPERIO DE CHINGGIS KHAN . 45 2 .1 . La conquista del mundo sedentario . 45 2 .1 .1 . La conquista de Xixia . 47 2 .1 .2 . La conquista de Kara Kitai . 48 2 .1 .3 . La guerra contra el Imperio Chin . 50 2 .1 .4 . La invasión de Corasmia . 53 5 El Imperio mongol 2 .1 .5 . Las aventuras rusa e india . 58 2 .2 . La máquina de guerra mongola . 61 2 .2 .1 . Caballo, arco y sable . 62 2 .2 .2 . La ferocidad del mongol o la economía participativa . 64 2 .2 .3 . El entrenamiento o la caza . 66 2 .2 .4 . Tácticas mongolas . 67 2 .2 .5 . La pólvora . 69 2 .3 . La administración chinggísida de la fuerza . 72 2 .3 .1 . La lealtad . 74 2 .3 .2 . La movilidad . 76 2 .3 .3 . La ley de Chinggis Khan . 78 2 .3 .4 . El dios de Chinggis Khan . 81 2 .4 . La muerte de Chinggis Khan . .. 85 PARTE II EL IMPERIO UNIDO (1227-1259) 3. LOS OGODEIDAS . 89 3 .1 . La dinastía ogodeida . 90 3 .1 .1 . La herencia de Chinggis Khan . 92 3 .1 .2 . La sucesión entre los mongoles . 95 3 .1 .3 . Toregene Khatun . 98 3 .1 .4 . Guyuk Khan . 101 3 .2 . La corte ogodeida . 103 3 .2 .1 . Una jurisdicción tripartita . 103 3 .2 .2 . Una administración dual . 105 3 .2 .3 . El khagan . 106 3 .2 .4 . Tengrianismo . 109 3 .2 .5 . Karakórum . .. 112 3 .2 .6 . Las borracheras ogodeidas . 115 3 .2 .7 . La primera embajada latina a la corte del gran khan . 117 3 .3 . Las guerras ogodeidas . .. 120 3 .3 .1 . Chormaqan, Baiju y los qara’unas . 121 3 .3 .2 . Los restos de Chin y el Tíbet . 123 3 .3 .3 . El primer ataque a Europa . 125 3 .3 .4 . El segundo envite . 129 6 Índice 4. LOS TOLUIDAS . 133 4 .1 . El ascenso de Mongke Khan . .. 134 4 .1 .1 . Siguiendo con la conquista del mundo . 136 4 .1 .2 . Los Asesinos . 137 4 .1 .3 . El califa de Bagdad . .. 138 4 .1 .4 . Siria . 140 4 .1 .5 . Ayn Jalut . 141 4 .1 .6 . La cancillería imperial . 143 4 .2 . Sorqaqtani Beki . 146 4 .2 .1 . Sobrina del Ong Khan . 146 4 .2 .2 . La educación de sus hijos . 148 4 .2 .3 . La muerte de Tolui . 149 4 .2 .4 . La apuesta de Sorqaqtani . 150 4 .2 .5 . Las rivales de Sorqaqtani . 152 4 .2 .6 . La santa Elena de los mongoles y la hija del Preste Juan . .. 154 4 .2 .7 . Los nestorianos . 156 4 .2 .8 . La resistencia del orden sedentario . 160 4 .2 .9 . La victoria de Sorqaqtani . 162 PARTE III ILKHÁN, LA HORDA DORADA, CHAGADAI Y YUAN (1260-1368) 5. LA DISOLUCIÓN DEL IMPERIO . 169 5 .1 . La ruptura de la unidad chinggísida . 170 5 .1 .1 . Hulegu frente a Berke . 171 5 .1 .2 . Qubilai frente a Ariq Boke y Qaidu . 173 5 .2 . El ilkhán . 176 5 .2 .1 . Breve historia política . 176 5 .2 .2 . El secreto del ilkhán . 177 5 .2 .3 . El ilkhanato en el Mediterráneo . 179 5 .3 . La Horda Dorada . 183 5 .3 .1 . Breve historia política . 183 5 .3 .2 . El yugo tártaro de los rusos . 185 5 .3 .3 . Historia de los nombres . 186 5 .3 .4 . La Horda Azul . 188 5 .3 .5 . El khanato de Crimea . 190 7 El Imperio mongol 5 .4 . Chagadai . .. 193 5 .4 .1 . La geografía chagadaida . 193 5 .4 .2 . La independencia . 195 5 .4 .3 . La ruptura de Chagadai . .. 197 5 .4 .4 . Tamerlán . 200 5 .4 .5 . La dinastía Gurkani . 202 5 .4 .6 . Los mogoles de la India . 203 6. LA DINASTÍA YUAN . 207 6 .1 . Qubilai Khan . 208 6 .1 .1 . La corte Yuan . 211 6 .1 .2 . El experimento confuciano . 213 6 .1 .3 . El Qubilai budista . 215 6 .2 . Las últimas conquistas mongolas . 216 6 .2 .1 . La China Song . 217 6 .2 .2 . La conquista de los Song . 219 6 .2 .3 . Corea . 223 6 .2 .4 . Japón . 224 6 .2 .5 . Las Indias . 227 6 .3 . El desenlace Yuan . 228 6 .3 .1 . Los problemas de Qubilai . 229 6 .3 .2 . El misterio de Qubilai . 231 6 .3 .3 . El regreso a la estepa . 233 PARTE IV LOS MONGOLES Y LA GLOBALIZACIÓN 7. LA PAX MONGOLICA . 239 7 .1 . La Ruta de la Seda . 240 7 .1 .1 . Nuevas rutas historiográficas . 241 7 .1 .2 . El espíritu del Imperio mongol . 243 7 .2 . Cultura y ciencia . 246 7 .2 .1 . Bolad Aqa . 248 7 .2 .2 . Bar Sauma . 249 7 .2 .3 . Rashid al-Din . 251 7 .2 .4 . Nasir al-Din al-Tusi . 254 7 .2 Shahname.5 . 256 7 .2 .6 . Papel e imprenta . 258 8 Índice 7 .3 . La lógica mongola . 260 7 .3 .1 . La Ciudad del Khan . 261 7 .3 .2 . El Trono de Salomón . 263 7 .3 .3 . Fundadores de identidades modernas . 265 7 .3 .4 . Desde el Trono de Salomón . 266 8. LOS MONGOLES Y EL OCCIDENTE LATINO . 269 8 .1 . La diplomacia . 270 8 .1 .1 . La llamada del ilkhán . 271 8 .1 .2 . La pérdida de Tierra Santa . 273 8 .1 .3 . La pseudorrecuperación de Tierra Santa . 275 8 .2 . Las misiones . 277 8 .2 .1 . Juan de Montecorvino . 280 8 .2 .2 . Tomás de Tolentino . 283 8 .2 .3 . Los mongoles y la revolución franciscana . 285 8 .2 .4 . El ilkhán y los dominicos . 289 8 .2 .5 . Guillermo Adán . 290 8 .2 .6 . Técnicas de envolvimiento aplicadas a la cruzada 293 8 .3 . El comercio . 295 8 .3 .1 . El emigrante latino en el Asia mongola . 296 8 .3 .2 . La revolución sensorial . 299 8 .3 .3 . El libro de Marco Polo . 302 8 .3 .4 . La expansión europea . 306 CRONOLOGÍA . 311 SELECCIÓN DE TEXTOS . 317 1 . El origen del Imperio mongol . 317.
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