DOI: 10.22378/2313-6197.2017-5-3 ISSN 2313-6197 (Online) ISSN 2308-152X (Print) ЗОЛОТООРДЫНСКОЕ ОБОЗРЕНИЕ 2017
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Politik Penguasaan Bangsa Mongol Terhadap Negeri- Negeri Muslim Pada Masa Dinasti Ilkhan (1260-1343)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by E-Jurnal UIN (Universitas Islam Negeri) Alauddin Makassar Politik Penguasaan Bangsa Mongol Budi dan Nita (1260-1343) POLITIK PENGUASAAN BANGSA MONGOL TERHADAP NEGERI- NEGERI MUSLIM PADA MASA DINASTI ILKHAN (1260-1343) Budi Sujati dan Nita Yuli Astuti Pascasarjana UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung Email: [email protected] Abstract In the history of Islam, the destruction of the Abbasid dynasty as the center of Islamic civilization in its time that occurred on February 10, 1258 by Mongol attacks caused Islam to lose its identity.The destruction had a tremendous impact whose influence could still be felt up to now, because at that time all the evidence of Islamic relics was destroyed and burnt down without the slightest left.But that does not mean that with the destruction of Islam as a conquered religion is lost as swallowed by the earth. It is precisely with Islam that the Mongol conquerors who finally after assimilated for a long time were drawn to the end of some of the Mongol descendants themselves embraced Islam by establishing the Ilkhaniyah dynasty based in Tabriz Persia (present Iran).This is certainly the author interest in describing a unique event that the rulers themselves who ultimately follow the beliefs held by the community is different from the conquests of a nation against othernations.In this study using historical method (historical study) which is descriptive-analytical approach by using as a medium in analyzing. So that events that have happened can be known by involving various scientific methods by using social science and humanities as an approach..By using social science and humanities will be able to answer events that happened to the Mongols as rulers over the Muslim world make Islam as the official religion of his government to their grandchildren. -
The Coins of the Later Ilkhanids
THE COINS OF THE LATER ILKHANIDS : A TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS 1 BY SHEILA S. BLAIR Ghazan Khan was undoubtedly the most brilliant of the Ilkhanid rulers of Persia: not only a commander and statesman, he was also a linguist, architect and bibliophile. One of his most lasting contribu- tions was the reorganization of Iran's financial system. Upon his accession to the throne, the economy was in total chaos: his prede- cessor Gaykhatf's stop-gap issue of paper money to fill an empty treasury had been a fiasco 2), and the civil wars among Gaykhatu, Baydu, and Ghazan had done nothing to restore trade or confidence in the economy. Under the direction of his vizier Rashid al-Din, Ghazan delivered an edict ordering the standardization of the coinage in weight, purity, and type 3). Ghazan's standard double-dirham became the basis of Iran's monetary system for the next century. At varying intervals, however, the standard type was changed: a new shape cartouche was introduced, with slight variations in legend. These new types were sometimes issued at a modified weight standard. This paper will analyze the successive standard issues of Ghazan and his two successors, Uljaytu and Abu Said, in order to show when and why these new types were introduced. Following a des- cription of the successive types 4), the changes will be explained through 296 an investigation of the metrology and a correlation of these changes in type with economic and political history. Another article will pursue the problem of mint organization and regionalization within this standard imperial system 5). -
Bangsa Mongol Mendirikan Kerajaan Dinasti Ilkhan Berbasis Islam Pasca Kehancuran Baghdad Tahun 1258-1347 M
Jurnal NALAR Vol 1, No 2, Desember 2017 BANGSA MONGOL MENDIRIKAN KERAJAAN DINASTI ILKHAN BERBASIS ISLAM PASCA KEHANCURAN BAGHDAD TAHUN 1258-1347 M Suryanti Abstract The purpose of this research was to find out how the circumstantial of the Ilkhan Dynasty under Mongol leadership and the leadership of the Ilkhan dynasty and its relationship with the Islamic Society, so that the Mongols who initially hated the Muslims had established the Islamic empire under the rule of the Ilkhan dynasty. This study discusses about the Mongols established the empire of Islam-based Ilkhan Dynasty after the destruction of Baghdad Year 1258-1347 M. the main problem in this research is how the background of the Ilkhan Dynasty that eventually became one of the Islamic Kingdom and how the leadership figure of Ilkhan dynasty and its relationship with the Muslim community in Persia. Gazana Khan was one of the important figures in the Ilkhan Dynasty government. Gazana Khan as a descendant of Genghis Khan has made a transformation for the Mongols through the Ilkhan Dynasty during the reign of the Ilkhan Dynasty recognized Islam as the official religion of the government and built civilization based on the spirit of Islam. The results display that in the journey of the Mongols under the leadership of Jengis Khan and Huagu Khan had an important role in destroying Islamic rule in Baghdad. The expansion of the Mongols into Baghdad caused the destruction of the Abbasid Dynasty as the center of Islamic civilization. After the destruction of Baghdad, this nation again built Islamic civilization under the rule of Ilkhan Dynasty. -
Mulan's Sisters on the Steppes of Inner Asia
Western Washington University Western CEDAR WWU Honors Program Senior Projects WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship Winter 2021 Mulan's Sisters on the Steppes of Inner Asia Zoe Hoff Western Washington University Follow this and additional works at: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwu_honors Part of the Chinese Studies Commons Recommended Citation Hoff, Zoe, "Mulan's Sisters on the Steppes of Inner Asia" (2021). WWU Honors Program Senior Projects. 443. https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwu_honors/443 This Project is brought to you for free and open access by the WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship at Western CEDAR. It has been accepted for inclusion in WWU Honors Program Senior Projects by an authorized administrator of Western CEDAR. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Mulan’s Sisters on the Steppes of Inner Asia Zoe Hoff Mulan’s Sisters on the Steppes of Inner Asia 0 Mulan’s Sisters on the Steppes of Inner Asia Zoe Hoff Intro Sedentary Practices and Expectations As cultures change so too do the dynamics within them, one of the most polarizing being the relationship between men and women. Each culture has adapted gender issues differently. This paper will focus on such gender issues within some of the historically nomadic populations in Inner Asia over a long period of time. In Inner Asia there were women who exercised their powers in different ways The Northern Wei (386-534 CE), which was a sedentary society established by the Taghbach, a nomadic people, that had female rulers. The story of Mulan shows a side of culture, women participating in war in Inner Asia, that is not often talked about. -
The Mongol City of Ghazaniyya: Destruction, Spatial Reconstruction, and Preservation of the Urban Heritage1
Atri Hatef Naiemi The Mongol City of Ghazaniyya: Destruction, Spatial Reconstruction, and Preservation of the Urban Heritage1 Hülegü Khan (r. 1256-1265), a grandson of Chinggis Khan, founded the Ilkhanate in Iran in 1256 as the southwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. Mongol campaigns in Iran in the thirteenth century caused extensive destruction in different aspects of the Iranians’ social life and built environment. However, the political stability after the arrival of Hülegü intensified the process of urban development. Along with the reconstruction of the cities that had been extensively destroyed during the Mongol attack, the Ilkhans founded a number of new settlements. Their architectural and urban projects were mostly conducted in the northwest of present-day Iran, with some exceptions, for instance the city of Khabushan in Khurasan which was largely rebuilt by Hülegü and the notables of his court.2 In western Iran, Hülegü firstly focused his attention on the reconstruction of Baghdad, but following the designation of Azerbaijan as the headquarters of the Mongols, his urban development activities extended to this region. Maragha was chosen as the first capital of the Mongols and the most 1 This article has been adapted from a lecture presented in November 2019 at the Aga Khan Program in MIT. The research for this project has been facilitated by fellowship held with the Aga Khan program of MIT. I would like to thank Professors Nasser Rabbat and James Wescoat for their hospitality during the four months I spent at MIT in 2019. 2 In addition to Hülegü, Ghazan Khan also erected magnificent buildings in Khabushan. -
Valuation Report PO-17/2015
Valuation Report PO-17/2015 A portfolio of real estate assets in St. Petersburg and Leningradskaya Oblast', Moscow and Moskovskaya Oblast’, Yekaterinburg, Russia Prepared on behalf of LSR Group OJSC Date of issue: March 17, 2016 Contact details LSR Group OJSC, 15-H, liter Ǩ, Kazanskaya St, St Petersburg, 190031, Russia Ludmila Fradina, Tel. +7 812 3856105, [email protected] Knight Frank Saint-Petersburg ZAO, Liter A, 3B Mayakovskogo St., St Petersburg, 191025, Russia Svetlana Shalaeva, Tel. +7 812 3632222, [email protected] Valuation report Ň A portfolio of real estate assets in St. Petersburg and Leningradskaya Oblast', Moscow and Moskovskaya Oblast’, Yekaterinburg, Russia Ň KF Ref: PO-17/2015 Ň Prepared on behalf of LSR Group OJSC Ň Date of issue: March 17, 2016 Page 1 Executive summary The executive summary below is to be used in conjunction with the valuation report to which it forms part and, is subject to the assumptions, caveats and bases of valuation stated herein. It should not be read in isolation. Location The Properties within the Portfolio of real estate assets to be valued are located in St. Petersburg and Leningradskaya Oblast', Moscow, Yekaterinburg, Russia Description The Subject Property is represented by vacant, partly or completely developed land plots intended for residential and commercial development and commercial office buildings with related land plots. Areas Ɣ Buildings – see the Schedule of Properties below Ɣ Land plots – see the Schedule of Properties below Tenure Ɣ Buildings – see the Schedule of Properties below Ɣ Land plots – see the Schedule of Properties below Tenancies As of the valuation date from the data provided by the Client, the office properties are partially occupied by the short-term leaseholders according to the lease agreements. -
The Ilkhanid Mongols, the Christian Armenians, and the Islamic Mamluks : a Study of Their Relations, 1220-1335
University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 12-2012 The Ilkhanid Mongols, the Christian Armenians, and the Islamic Mamluks : a study of their relations, 1220-1335. Lauren Prezbindowski University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Recommended Citation Prezbindowski, Lauren, "The Ilkhanid Mongols, the Christian Armenians, and the Islamic Mamluks : a study of their relations, 1220-1335." (2012). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1152. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/1152 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE ILKHANID MONGOLS, THE CHRISTIAN ARMENIANS, AND THE ISLAMIC MAMLUKS: A STUDY OF THEIR RELATIONS, 1220-1335 By Lauren Prezbindowski B.A., Hanover College, 2008 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Louisville in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of History University of Louisville December 2012 THE ILKHANID MONGOLS, THE CHRISTIAN ARMENIANS, AND THE ISLAMIC MAMLUKS: A STUDY OF THEIR RELATIONS, 1220-1335 By Lauren Prezbindowski B.A., Hanover College, 2008 A Thesis Approved on November 15,2012 By the following Thesis Committee: Dr. John McLeod, Thesis Director Dr. -
The Golden Horde State in the System of International Relations
136 GOLDEN HORDE REVIEW. № 1. 2015 УДК 94(470) THE GOLDEN HORDE STATE IN THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS I.М. Mirgaleev (Sh. Marjani Institute of History, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan) The present article examines the place of the Golden Horde in the system of international relations of the 13th–14th centuries as well as directions of its foreign policy. To determine the place of the ulus of Jochi in the international system the author suggests to disclose the subject through illumination of such important issues as: – the Mongol conquests and creation of the Chingisid state entities, the establishment of a new international order. – formation of the ulus of Jochi as an independent State and its role in the Chingisid States’ relations, the kurultai of 1269. – international activities of the Golden Horde State during the period of its might. – interstate coalitions in the global geopolitics and national interests of the ulus of Jochi in international systems. – The role and place of the Golden Horde in the international life of the second half of the 14th – early 15th centuries. The program activity of the Jochids in a new geopolitical situation of the late 14th – early 15th centuries. The author believes that the establishment of the Golden Horde State occurred in three phases (1207–1241, 1242–1259, 1260–1269). The Jochids’ policy towards their neighbors and other Chingisid states formed during this time. Both the Distemper of the 1360–70’s in the ulus of Jochi and destruction of all other Chingisid States resulted in the Golden Horde’s loss of its place in the system of international relations. -
Maria Paleologina and the Il-Khanate of Persia. a Byzantine Princess in an Empire Between Islam and Christendom
MARIA PALEOLOGINA AND THE IL-KHANATE OF PERSIA. A BYZANTINE PRINCESS IN AN EMPIRE BETWEEN ISLAM AND CHRISTENDOM MARÍA ISABEL CABRERA RAMOS UNIVERSIDAD DE GRANADA SpaIN Date of receipt: 26th of January, 2016 Final date of acceptance: 12th of July, 2016 ABSTRACT In the 13th century Persia, dominated by the Mongols, a Byzantine princess, Maria Paleologina, stood out greatly in the court of Abaqa Khan, her husband. The Il-Khanate of Persia was then an empire precariously balanced between Islam, dominant in its territories and Christianity that was prevailing in its court and in the diplomatic relations. The role of Maria, a fervent Christian, was decisive in her husband’s policy and in that of any of his successors. Her figure deserves a detailed study and that is what we propose in this paper. KEYWORDS Maria Paleologina, Il-khanate of Persia, Abaqa, Michel VIII, Mongols. CapitaLIA VERBA Maria Paleologa, Ilkhanatus Persiae, Abaqa, Michael VIII, Mongoles. IMAGO TEMPORIS. MEDIUM AEVUM, XI (2017): 217-231 / ISSN 1888-3931 / DOI 10.21001/itma.2017.11.08 217 218 MARÍA ISABEL CABRERA RAMOS 1. Introduction The great expansion of Genghis Khan’s hordes to the west swept away the Islamic states and encouraged for a while the hopes of the Christian states of the East. The latter tried to ally themselves with the powerful Mongols and in this attempt they played the religion card.1 Although most of the Mongols who entered Persia, Iraq and Syria were shamanists, Nestorian Christianity exerted a strong influence among elites, especially in the court. That was why during some crucial decades for the history of the East, the Il-Khanate of Persia fluctuated between the consolidation of Christian influence and the approach to Islam, that despite the devastation brought by the Mongols in Persia,2 Iraq and Syria remained the dominant factor within the Il-khanate. -
Chinggis Khan on Film: Globalization, Nationalism, and Historical Revisionism
Volume 16 | Issue 22 | Number 1 | Article ID 5214 | Nov 15, 2018 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus Chinggis Khan on Film: Globalization, Nationalism, and Historical Revisionism Robert Y. Eng Few personalities in world history have had a (which had been replaced by the Cyrillic more compelling personal story or a greater script), the rehabilitation of Chinggis Khan, and impact on the world than Temüjin, who rose the revival of Tibetan Buddhism. Mongols from destitute circumstances to be crowned as celebrated the rediscovery of Chinggis Khan as Chinggis Khan in 1206 and became the founder a national symbol through religious of the world’s greatest contiguous land empire. celebrations, national festivals, academic Today, eight and a half centuries after his birth, conferences, poetic renditions, art exhibitions, Chinggis Khan remains an object of personal and rock songs.3 His name and image were also and collective fascination, and his image and commodified. The international airport at life story are appropriated for the purposes of Ulaanbaatar is named after Chinggis, as are constructing national identity and commercial one of the capital’s fanciest hotels and one of profit. its most popular beers. Chinggis’ image appears on every denomination of the Vilified as a murderous tyrant outside his Mongolian currency. homeland, yet celebrated by the Mongols as a great hero and object of cultic worship for This revival of a national cult, one that had centuries,1 Chinggis Khan’s reputation been banned during the socialist era, is a underwent an eclipse even in Mongolia when it response to endemic corruption, growing fell under Soviet domination in the early economic inequalities, and a host of other twentieth century. -
Rank (Region And/Or Country) /1000 Participants Fall Spring Real (Norm) Dolgoprudny Moscow Reg
THE INTERNATIONAL MATHEMATICAL TOURNAMENT OF TOWNS Location Population Number of NoP NoP NoP for calc. Town Diplomas Max Average Coeff. Rating Rank (region and/or country) /1000 participants Fall Spring real (norm) Dolgoprudny Moscow reg. 94 39 20 31 34 33 5 (5) 25,05 1,51 37,83 1 Nizhny Novgorod Sarov 94 21 11 14 9 33,75 5 (5) 21,28 1,51 32,14 2 reg. Troy Michigan (USA) 200 22 16 13 10 32,5 5 (5) 22,83 1,38 31,51 3 Kurgan Kurgan reg. 325 47 36 40 32 29,33 5 (5) 25,43 1,22 31,03 4 Yaroslavl Yaroslavl reg. 559 31 29 20 23 32 5 (5) 28,37 1 28,37 5 Novorossiysk Krasnodar terr. 262 14 6 12 13 26 5 (5) 20,67 1,3 26,87 6 Maykop Adygea 144 20 0 20 14 20 5 (5) 17,97 1,44 25,87 7 Kirov Kirov reg. 483 49 31 45 46 26 5 (5) 25,17 1,02 25,67 8 Naberezhnye Tatarstan 524 29 0 29 27 30 5 (5) 24,5 1 24,5 9 Chelny Jeju Rep. of Korea 435 14 12 6 13 26 5 (5) 22,62 1,08 24,43 10 Vologda Vologda reg. 306 26 20 16 12 21,33 5 (5) 19,4 1,24 24,06 11 Belgorod Belgorod reg. 384 19 18 7 6 25,33 5 (5) 20,87 1,15 24 12 Canberra Australia 356 30 13 23 15 26 5 (5) 20,03 1,18 23,64 13 Gwangmyeong Rep. -
The Mongols in Iran
chapter 10 THE MONGOLS IN IRAN george e. lane Iran was dramatically brought into the Mongol sphere of infl uence toward the end of the second decade of the thirteenth century. As well as the initial traumatic mili- tary incursions, Iran also experienced the start of prolonged martial rule, followed later by the domination and rule of the Mongol Ilkhans. However, what began as a brutal and vindictive invasion and occupation developed into a benign and cultur- ally and economically fl ourishing period of unity and strength. The Mongol period in Iranian history provokes controversy and debate to this day. From the horrors of the initial bloody irruptions, when the fi rst Mongol-led armies rampaged across northern Iran, to the glory days of the Ilkhanate-Yuan axis, when the Mongol- dominated Persian and Chinese courts dazzled the world, the Mongol infl uence on Iran of this turbulent period was profound. The Mongols not only affected Iran and southwestern Asia but they also had a devastating effect on eastern Asia, Europe, and even North Africa. In many parts of the world, the Middle East, Europe, and the Americas in particular, the Mongols’ name has since become synonymous with murder, massacre, and marauding may- hem. They became known as Tatars or Tartars in Europe and Western Asia for two reasons. Firstly, until Genghis Khan destroyed their dominance, the Tatars were the largest and most powerful of the Turco-Mongol tribes. And secondly, in Latin Tartarus meant hell and these tribes were believed to have issued from the depths of Hades. Their advent has been portrayed as a bloody “bolt from the blue” that left a trail of destruction, death, and horrifi ed grief in its wake.