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(Microsoft Powerpoint RUMORUMO AOAO PACTOPACTO PELAPELA RMCRMC Experiências Internacionais de Pactos de Desenvolvimento Local e Regional AURÍLIO CAIADO CONSIDERAÇÕES INICIAIS GlobalizaGlobaliza ççãoão ee NeoliberalismoNeoliberalismo debilitadebilita ççãoão dodo planoplano nacionalnacional comocomo unidadeunidade espacialespacial dede referência;referência; ascendênciaascendência dede novosnovos territterrit óóriosrios estratestrat éégicosgicos –– asas regiõesregiões ee asas cidades.cidades. CONSIDERAÇÕES INICIAIS CidadesCidades ee RegiõesRegiões SeSe tornaramtornaram importantesimportantes arenasarenas dede desenvolvimento;desenvolvimento; UnidadesUnidades geogrgeogr ááficasficas maismais apropriadasapropriadas parapara aa emergênciaemergência ee afirmaafirma ççãoão dada competitividadecompetitividade territorial.territorial. AS CIDADES SÃO ESTRATÉGICAS PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO AsAs cidadescidades sãosão estratestrat éégicasgicas parapara oo desenvolvimentodesenvolvimento econômicoeconômico ,, poispois éé nelasnelas queque asas economiaseconomias dede escalaescala ee dede aglomeraaglomera ççãoão operamoperam nono sentidosentido dede dardar maiormaior amplitudeamplitude ee eficiênciaeficiência aoao processoprocesso dede desenvolvimento.desenvolvimento. CIDADES = CENTROS DE COMANDO NaNa economiaeconomia globalizada,globalizada, asas cidadescidades sãosão pontospontos dede comandocomando ,, mercadosmercados globaisglobais ee locaislocais dede produprodu ççãoão parapara aa economiaeconomia dada informainforma çção,ão, porpor isso,isso, consideradasconsideradas ““centroscentros ”” internacionalizadosinternacionalizados ee integradosintegrados aosaos circuitoscircuitos mundiaismundiais dede valorizavaloriza ççãoão dodo capitalcapital .. CIDADES = CENTROS DE COMANDO EsseEsse destacadodestacado papelpapel dasdas cidadescidades têmtêm tidotido comocomo decorrênciadecorrência doisdois movimentosmovimentos distintos:distintos: RessurgênciaRessurgência UrbanaUrbana SurgimentoSurgimento dede NovosNovos CentrosCentros CIDADES = CENTROS DE COMANDO AntigosAntigos centroscentros (( desindustrializadesindustrializa ççãoão ,, perdaperda dede dinamismodinamismo econômicoeconômico ee dede polaridade),polaridade), retomamretomam oo crescimentocrescimento numnum processoprocesso dede ressurgênciaressurgência urbanaurbana .. NovosNovos centroscentros têmtêm sese consolidadoconsolidado emem outrasoutras regiõesregiões .. (STORPER;(STORPER; MANVILLE,MANVILLE, 2006).2006). NOVAS ECONOMIAS DE AGLOMERAÇÃO BASEADAS NO CONHECIMENTO ““AsAs novasnovas demandasdemandas econômicaseconômicas porpor proximidadeproximidade sãosão largamentelargamente estimuladasestimuladas pelapela maneiramaneira comocomo oo conhecimentoconhecimento éé transmitido,transmitido, oo queque requerrequer queque asas pessoaspessoas trabalhemtrabalhem aa poucospoucos quarteirõesquarteirões unsuns dosdos outrosoutros ”” NOVAS ECONOMIAS DE AGLOMERAÇÃO BASEADAS NO CONHECIMENTO OO ressurgimentoressurgimento dodo papelpapel dasdas cidadescidades implicaimplica nono seuseu reconhecimentoreconhecimento comocomo habitatshabitats dede excelênciaexcelência ,, centradoscentrados nono conhecimentoconhecimento ee comocomo espaespa ççosos dede criatividade,criatividade, aprendizagemaprendizagem ee inovainova çção.ão. VANTAGENS DA RMC Base Tecnológica Instalada : • Universidades; • Institutos de Pesquisa; • Empresas de Base Tecnológica. Infra-Estrutura e Logística Existentes : • Excelentes Rodovias; • Aeroporto; Integrante da Mega Cidade-Região de SP: REALIDADEREALIDADE RMC:RMC: Região de Alta Tecnologia, de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento e de Inovação Tecnológica RMC:RMC: REGIÃOREGIÃO DODO CONHECIMENTOCONHECIMENTO RMC JÁ É UMA “REGIÃO DO CONHECIMENTO” QUESTÕES: 1.Espaço Urbano = Meio Rural (não há “vocação natural”); 2.Desenvolvimento Urbano/Regional não é um processo natural; 3.A ampliação das disputas entre Cidades; 4.Desenvolvimento requer PlaneJamento Pactuado QUESTÕESQUESTÕES • Como criar um ambiente urbano propício à transformação dessa “realidade” em “nova identidade ”? • Como gerar novas Vantagens Competitivas e sinergias a partir da “nova identidade ”? PropostaProposta AA respostaresposta aa essaessa questãoquestão devedeve serser construconstru íídada pelospelos atoresatores locais/regionais.locais/regionais. ““SEMSEM OO ASTROLASTROL ÁÁBIOBIO NÃONÃO SESE CONQUISTARIACONQUISTARIA OSOS GRANDESGRANDES MARESMARES ”” PropostaProposta • A resposta a essa questão deve ser construída pelos atores locais/regionais. • Requer diferentes ações na escala local/regional: – Disseminando na região essa “marca/conceito”, – Implementando políticas públicas de inclusão, – Criando fóruns de discussão para a “busca do consenso” – Implementando as ações consensadas. DesafiosDesafios • A busca do consenso é complexa e requer grande esforço dos agentes locais/regionais (públicos e privados), • Transformação do consenso em PlanoPlano • O Plano deverá ser focado em questões objetivas. Desafios:Desafios: OO PLANOPLANO O Ambiente Urbano = Ambiente Construído – Requer articulação entre os diversos níveis de poder público (local, regional, estadual e nacional), – Requer profunda e transparente articulação do poder público com o capital imobiliário e o capital financeiro. RMC “REGIÃO DO CONHECIMENTO” PROPOSTA : “Pacto pelo Desenvolvimento” no qual todos os agentes públicos e privados, locais, regionais, estaduais e nacionais atuem na Construção dessa Nova Identidade Regional PACTO PELA RMC ALGUNS EXEMPLOS INTERNACIONAIS: Quando são feitos os pactos? Quase sempre em momentos Adversos, de Crise Urbana ALGUNS EXEMPLOS INTERNACIONAIS • TIPOS DE PACTOS: – Formais – Informais – Abrangentes, –Focalizados (projetos esepcíficos) • MOTIVAÇÃO PARA O PACTO: – Superação de Adversidades – Em Prol do Desenvolvimento ALGUNS EXEMPLOS INTERNACIONAIS: PACTO REALIZADO EM MOMENTO DE ADVERSIDADE: Exemplo Clássico: NEW YORK ALGUNS EXEMPLOS INTERNACIONAIS: PACTO PELO DESENVOLVIMENTO: Exemplos Clássicos: Barcelona e Curitiba ALGUNS EXEMPLOS INTERNACIONAIS: O QUE HÁ EM COMUM NOS PACTOS? Eles se consubstanciam em ações concretas, Democraticamente PlaneJadas, Debatidas e Consensadas. A construção efetiva do pacto se expressa num PLANO GrupoGrupo dede TrabalhoTrabalho ““AsAs modalidadesmodalidades dede ImplantaImplanta ççãoão dede EstratEstrat éégiasgias dede DesenvolvimentoDesenvolvimento EconômicoEconômico parapara asas MetrMetr óópolespoles EuropEurop ééias.ias. Coord . prof. Christian Lef èvre , Univ. Paris VIII Metrópole População (em ProJeto Área (em ha) mihões) Barcelona 2,9 22@ Barcelona 200 Veneza 0,9 Parco VEGA 35 Berlin 3,5 Adlershof 420 Amsterdam 1,5 Zuidas 275 Londres 7,4 Thames Gateway não pertinente Milão 3,7 Nort di Milano 250 Questões observadas na Pesquisa • Concepção de Desenvolvimento do Projeto: – Relação entre aspectos econômicos e os aspectos urbanos do projeto, – Relação entre o conteúdo do projeto e as características do território no qual o projeto se insere, • Legitimidade do Projeto: – A natureza do Controle do Projeto, – A existência ou não de estratégia coletiva e suas relações com o projeto, • Mobiliização e a Abordagem do Projeto: – Descendente ( top-down ) – Ascendente ( bottom-up ) Elementos de 22@ Parco Vega Adlershof Zuidas Thames ASMN Leitura Barcelona – Veneza Berlin Amsterdam Londres Milão Concepção do Desenvolvimento Relação entre Forte Forte Fraca Fraca SIM Forte Economia/Urbano Relação entre Forte Forte Média Fraca NÃO Fraca Projeto/Território Legitimidade Controle Público Público Público Privado Misto Público Relação entre SIM NÃO NÃO NÃO Fraca SIM Projeto/Estratégia Organização e Desenvolvimento do ProJeto Processo de Ascendente Descendente Descendente Ascendente Misto Ascendente Decisão Regras e Normas Flexível Flexível Rígido Misto Flexível Flexível de Implantação OUTROSOUTROS EXEMPLOS:EXEMPLOS: TecnopTecnop óóloslos ”” ouou ““InnovationInnovation HubsHubs ”” AmbienteAmbiente dede excelênciaexcelência ondeonde convivemconvivem osos setoressetores empresarial,empresarial, dede C&T,C&T, dede ensinoensino ee formaforma ççãoão ee aa sociedadesociedade civilcivil comcom vistavista aoao desenvolvimentodesenvolvimento estratestrat éégicogico ee urbanourbano dada cidadecidade ee região.região. TecnopTecnop óóloslos ”” ouou ““InnovationInnovation HubsHubs ”” DestaDesta forma,forma, aa ciência,ciência, aa tecnologiatecnologia ee oo conhecimentoconhecimento sãosão colocadoscolocados aa serviservi ççoo dada revitalizarevitaliza ççãoão e/oue/ou dodo desenvolvimentodesenvolvimento urbanourbano sustentsustent áável.vel. TecnopTecnop óóloslos ”” ouou ““InnovationInnovation HubsHubs ”” exemplosexemplos internacionaisinternacionais dede InnovationInnovation HubsHubs :: -- ““22@bcn22@bcn ”” –– UmUm DistritoDistrito dede AtividadesAtividades emem Barcelona.Barcelona. ““TheThe DigitalDigital HubHub ”” –– AA EraEra DigitalDigital nono CentroCentro dede Dublin;Dublin; --““OneOne NorthNorth ”” –– UmUm EspaEspa ççoo dede P&DP&D MultipolarMultipolar emem Singapura;Singapura; Barcelona: 22 @ O projeto contempla: -Transformação de 1.159.626 m 2 de solo industrial, com potencial total de 3.500.000 m 2; - O reconhecimento das 4.614 habitações existentes; - Oferta de instalações para nova atividade econômica de 3.200.000 m 2; - Oferta de 4.000 novas habitações; - Aumento das zonas verdes de 75.000 m 2; - Disponibilização de 145.000 m 2 de solo para novas infra-estruturas; - Criação de 100.000 a 130.000 postos de trabalho. Barcelona: 22 @ BARRIO POBLENOU The Digital Hub” – A Era Digital no Centro de Dublin The Digital Hub é uma iniciativa do Governo Irlandês
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