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CTBUH Year in Review: Tall Trends All data, images and drawings can be found at end of 2015, and Forecasts for 2016 Click on building names to be taken to the Center Surge Continues in 2015, The “Year of 100 Supertalls” Report by Jason Gabel, CTBUH; Research by Marty Carver and Marshall Gerometta, CTBUH

Note: Please refer to “Tall in Numbers – 2015: A Tall Building Review” in conjunction with this paper, pages 9–10

The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban the previous record high of 99 completions 2010, the number of supertalls in the world Habitat (CTBUH) has determined that 106 in 2014. This brings the total number of has exactly doubled, from 50 at the end of buildings of 200 meters’ height or greater 200-meter-plus buildings in the world to 2010 to 100 at the end of 2015. were completed around the world in 2015 – 1,040, exceeding 1,000 for the first time in setting a new record for annual tall building history and marking a 392% increase from ƒƒ The tallest building to complete in 2015 completions (see Figure 3). the year 2000, when only 265 existed. was , now the tallest building in and the second-tallest in Further Highlights: ƒƒ A total of 13 supertalls (buildings of 300 the world at 632 meters. This had notable ƒƒ The 106 buildings completed in 2015 beat meters or higher) were completed in 2015, effects on the list of the 10 tallest buildings, every previous year on record, including the highest annual total on record. Since pushing the 442-meter (once 65 62 2015 Completions: 200 m+ Buildings by Country 16,000 Sears Tower) off the list for the first time in 60 65 15,347 Note: One tall building 200 m+ in height was also completed during 16,000 its 41-year history. 62 2015 in these Completions: countries: ; ;200 m+ ; Buildings ; ; by Country 60 ; ; North Korea; ; ; Turkey; Vietnam Note: One tall building 200 m+ in height was also completed during 15,000 50 15,347 2015 in these countries: Australia; Azerbaijan; Bahrain; Canada; France; ƒƒ The second-tallest building to complete in India; Italy; North Korea; Philippines; Saudi Arabia; Turkey; Vietnam Total Number (Total = 106) 15,000 2015 was 432 Avenue in 50 )

40 3,000 (m Sum of Heights (Total = 25,926 m) s , becoming the tallest all-residential

Total Number (Total = 106) ht ) er building in the world and the world’s 100th 40 (m mb

3,000 Heig Total Number of Countries = 21 s 30 Sum of Heights (Total = 25,926 m) Nu ht of er 1,998 . 1,871 2,000 m mb

Total Number of Countries = 21 Heig

30 Su Nu 20 1,998 of 1,871 1,342 2,000 m ƒƒ Once again, Asia was a major driver of 20 Su 1,342 1,000 skyscraper completions in 2015, with 81 10 9 679 632 7 514 5 449 421 buildings representing 76% of the 3 1,000 10 9 679 2 222 632 106-building total. 7 514 0 5 449 421 0 3 China UAE Malaysia2 Mexico22Panama 2USA 0 0 ƒƒ Europe had a big year with eight China Indonesia UAE Russia South Korea Panama USA completions, an annual record for the Figure 1. 2015 completions by country. region, while makes a 2015 Completions: 200 m+ Buildings by City notable appearance on the list with four.

Note: One tall building 200 m+ in height was also completed during 2015 in these : 7 2015Baku; Guiyang; Completions: Haikou; Hangzhou; 200Ho Chi m+Minh City;Buildings Izmir; ; by Jiangyin; Cit Jinan;y Kunming; 7 1,600 ƒƒ For the eighth year running, China had Lanzhou; Liuzhou; Lyon; Manama; Mandaluyong; ; Mexico City; ; ; Note: One tall building 200 m+ in height was also completed during 2015 in these cities: Mumbai; Ningbo; Pyongyang; ; Shanghai; ; Java; Taiyuan; Tangerang; ; the most 200-meter-plus completions 7 ; Guiyang; Haikou; Hangzhou; ; Izmir; Jeddah; Jiangyin; Jinan; Kunming; 7 ; Wuhu; Wuxi; 1,600 6 Lanzhou; Liuzhou; Lyon; Manama; Mandaluyong; Melbourne; Mexico City; Milan; Monterrey; 1,400 with 62 (see Figure 1), representing 58% Mumbai; Ningbo; Pyongyang; Seoul; Shanghai; Surabaya; Java; Taiyuan; Tangerang; Toronto; Wuhan; Wuhu; Wuxi; Yekaterinburg Total Number (Total = 106) 1,400 of the global 2015 total, but only marking 6 5 5 5 1,200 5 Sum of Heights (Total = 25,926 m) a 2% increase over its previous record of

Total Number (Total = 106) ) 1,133 m 1,074 m 1,011 m 1,019 m

5 5 5 971 m 1,200 950 m 1,000 61 in 2014. 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 (m 4 TotalSum ofNumber Height ofs (T Citiesotal = = 25,926 55 m) s 852 m ht ) 1,133 m er 1,074 m 1,011 m 1,019 m 971 m

950 m 1,000 (m

mb 800

4 4 4 4 4 4 729 m Heig Total Number of Cities = 55 s 4 3 3 ƒƒ Indonesia took second place with nine 852 m Nu ht of er

3 632 m m

mb 800 completions, and the 559 m 729 m 600 Heig 541 m

Su 514 m 498 m 3 3 496 m Nu of 632 m 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 222 450 m 443 m 441 m followed closely with seven. Meanwhile, 421 m 423 m 2 m 559 m 600 541 m

400 Su 514 m 498 m 496 m Russia came in fourth with five completions

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 222 450 m 443 m 441 m 421 m 2 423 m and South Korea trailed with three. 1 40200

1 0 200 0 ƒƒ , Indonesia had the highest a i ba Jakart anning Du Tianjin Dalian umpur 200-meter-plus completions of any city in NanjinNg Xiamen FuzhoHuizhouu IncheonL 0 Nanchang ChangshaChengdu 0 a i u Panama City ba Kuala 2015 with seven, while , , Jakart anning Du Tianjin Dalian umpur NanjinNg Moscow Xiamen FuzhoHuizhouIncheon Suzhou Figure 2. 2015 completionsShenzhen by city. Nanchang Abu Dhabi ChangshaChengdu Shenyang Chongqing Guangzhou Panama City Kuala LNew York City

The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 2015 Year in Review report www.ctbuh.org | www.skyscrapercenter.com 140 140 Buildings 200 Meters or Taller Completed Each Year from 1960 to 2017 135 130

120

115

110 110 106 In the 2014 study (which was conducted before the end of the year so as to release the study at year end), CTBUH projected 97 buildings had completed in 2014. 100 99 1,182 1,200 That number has been revised to 99 this year, based on a series of updates. After continued research throughout 1,150 1,100 2015, new height figures and completion dates have resulted in the official CTBUH record now showing 99 1,040 90 completed 200m+ buildings in 2014. 1,000 Total Number of 200 m+ Buildings in 934 Existence in Each Decade from 1920 to 2015 900 835 80 80 800 761 73 74 692 700

70 612 69 600

500

60 400

Number of buildings 200 m+ completed each year 300 265 50 50 200 47 144 127 100 87 118 100 69 67 76 50 59 28 15 24 40 2 6 11 11 3 5 11 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 0 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

31 31 31 30 27 27 25 23 22

19 20 18 18 17 17 15 15 14 13 13 13 11 11 10 9 9 9 9 10 8 8 8 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 7 201 2012 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2009 2011 2013 2014 2015 2008 2010 2016

Notes: Number of 200 m+ buildings Projected number of 200 m+ buildings 1. We can predict 2016–2017 building completions with some accuracy due to projects now in advanced . A range is given to indicate the challenging factors in Number of supertalls (300 m+) Projected number of supertalls (300 m+) predicting building completion dates. 2. Totals after 2001 take into account the destruction of the Number of megatalls (600 m+) Projected number of megatalls (600 m+) World Trade Center 1 and 2. Figure 3. The amount of 200 m+ buildings completed each year from 1960 to 2015, with projections through 2017.

and Shenzhen tied for second place with percent of the total (see Figure 9). China Nanjing, Nanning, and Shenzhen had the five each. The total height of the buildings has completed the most 200-meter-plus most with five apiece. The rapid urban completed in Jakarta is 1,588 meters (see buildings (62) of any country in the world growth that is enabling the construction Figure 2). (see Figure 4), a feat that the country has of these towers is the topic of the CTBUH achieved for eight years running. These 2016 Conference, which will take place completions represent 58% of the global progressively across three Chinese cities: Key Worldwide Market Snapshots of 2015 2015 total, but only a 2% increase over the Shenzhen, Guangzhou, and . country’s previous record of 61 in 2014, See more at: www.ctbuh2016.com Asia (Not including ) marking the second year in what appears to Once again, Asia has drastically be a considerable boom cycle for all three The tallest and most significant building outperformed other regions, possessing tiers of cities in China. Of the 29 Chinese completion of the year was 81 of the 106 completions for 2015, or 76% cities with 200-meter-plus completions, (see Figure 12), a 632-meter skyscraper

The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 2015 Year in Review report www.ctbuh.org | www.skyscrapercenter.com 62 61

38

62 61

25

22 22

20 20 19

16

14 13 13 12 12

8 8 38 6 6

4 3 3 2 1 1 China

62 61

25

22 22

20 20 19 9 9 9 8 7 16 77 14 5 5 5 5 5 13 13 4 4 44 12 12 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 22 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 11 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 USA 8 8

6 6

4 38 3 3 2 1 1 China

15 14 25

22 22 10 9 9 9 8 20 20 7 8 19 7 77 7

5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 44 4 4 16 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 22 2 2 2 2 2 2 142 2 2 2 2 2 1 11 11 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13 13 1 USAUAE 12 12

8 8

6 6

4 3 3 2 1 1 8 China

5 15 4 4 3 3 14 3 3 2 2 Europe 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

10

8 7 7 9 9 9 8 5 7 4 4 3 377 2 5 5 5 5 5 1 11 UAE 4 4 44 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 22 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 11 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 USA

9 8

4 3 3 3 83 2 1 1 1 1 1 South Korea 5 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 Europe 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 15 14

10

8 4 4 7 7 3 3 2 2 2 5 2 111 1 41 4 1 Australia 3 3 2 1 11 UAE 11

9 8

4 3 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 South Korea 10 8

5 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 4 Europe 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 22 1 Panama

4 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 111 1 1 1 Australia Panama City

62 61 11

9 8

4 3 3 10 3 16 163 2 1 1 1 1 1 South Korea 13

10 9 104

2 8 822 1 Panama 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 33 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 38 1 1 1 1 14 14 Asia 3 3 2 2 2 Panama City2 111 1 1 Not including China or South Korea 1 Australia

62 61 Yearly 200 m+ Tall Building Completions located in close proximity to 25 and Shanghai World Finance Center in the 22 22 16 16 21 20 20 Finance and Trade Zone. 13 19 19 1910 17 is now the tallest building in China, the 16 10 16 9 10 14 14 second-tallest building in the world, and 13 13 8 13 8 12 12 4 11 the third building to achieve the “megatall” 5 5 5 5 2 22 4 4 4 4 1 33 3 3 Panama 8 8 (600-plus meters) designation. 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 6 67 7 1 Asia 38 5 45 5 5 Not including China or South Korea 4 3 3 4 4 4 3 2 3 3 Indonesia had the second-most 200-meter- 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 Panama City 1 1 1 1 1 ChinaAsia plusNot completions including by China country (nine, see Figure 5) – smashing its previous record of four in 2008 – seven of which are located in 25 21 the capital of Jakarta, which had the most 22 22 19 19 16 16 9 9 9 20 20 9 completions by city in 2015. The tallest 8 19 17 16 7 13 77 16 14 building to complete in the city was Sahid 13 5 5 5 5 5 10 4 4 44 14 4 4 9 10 114 Sudirman Center at 258 meters. 3 3 3 3 3 3 13 13 3 3 3 3 22 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 12 12 8 8 2 11 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 USAIndonesia 5 5 5 5 7 7 84 4 4 8 4 South Korea recorded three completions 33 3 3 5 5 5 5 2 2 2 2 26 6 2 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 4 3 3 duringAsia 2015 – improving slightly over 2014, 2 2 2 3 32 2 2 1 1 1 21 1 in whichNotAsia including it had one. ChinaTwo of orthe South towers Korea 1 1 ChinaNot including China belong to a twin-tower complex in , both measuring 248 meters. Figure 4. China. Current Total: 411 15 14

10 21 9 In an unusual turn, North Korea made the 8 9 9 9 7 19 197 8 list this year following the completion 7 17 77 5 4 164 3 4 3 of the 210-meter Mirae Scientists Street 5 5 5 5 5 2 143 3 4 4 44 4 4 1 11 13 2 3 3 3 3 3 11 11 3 3 3 UAE 1 1 1 1 Residential Tower, which completed 22 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Indonesia 10 11 11 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 USA 8 8 8 in under a year, having only begun

6 6 6 6 6 5 5 7 7 5 construction in 2014. Figure 5. Indonesia. Current Total: 254 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 3 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 42 2 2 2 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 8 AustraliaAsia

5 AustraliaNot including only had one China completion in 2015 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 15 in the form of 568 Collins Street, a 224-meter 14 Europe 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 mixed-use tower in Melbourne. With a 10 number of towers under construction in Figure 6. Europe. Current Total: 45 8 9 7 7 the country and an even greater number 5 4 4 3 3 11 11 2 of proposals in the works, the volume 4 23 10 1 11 3 3 UAE 9 8 8 8 2 of skyscraper completions in Australia is 1 1 1 1 11 Indonesia 6 6 6 6 6 9 5 5 5 17 expected to increase gradually over the 4 4 4 8 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 15 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 coming years. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 North America 3 3 3 3 112 11 10 1 1 1 1 1 8 South Korea 9 8 Central America 7 5 6 4 4 Despite its absence from the list in 2014, 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 Europe 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 Central America made a comeback this 1 1 1 yearM withiddle four completions; East two in Mexico

4 4 and two in Panama. The tallest building 3 3 Figure 7. Middle East. Current Total: 128 2 2 2 2 111 1 1 1 in Central America to complete was the 23 Australia 235-meter Torre BBVA Bancomer in Mexico 11 11 10 9 11 City, a tower employing an innovative 8 8 8 17 9 6 6 6 158 6 6 braced megaframe that was featured in 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 CTBUH Journal 2014 Issue II. Not often 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 112 4 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 31 3 3 1 10 3 9 North America 2 10 associated with tall buildings, Panama has 1 1 1 1 8 1 South Korea 7 6 completed 18 200-meter-plus buildings in

Figure 8. North America. Current Total: 191 3 3 2 4 1 1 1 Middle East 2 22 1 Panama The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 2015 Year in Review report www.ctbuh.org | www.skyscrapercenter.com

4 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 111 1 1 Panama City1 Australia 23

17

15

16 16 11 11 10 10 13 9 8 7 106 9 10

3 3 8 4 8 2 1 1 1 2 22 Middle East 5 5 5 5 1 Panama 4 4 4 4 33 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Asia Not including China or South Korea Panama City

21 16 16 19 19

13 17 16

1014 9 1310

11 8 8

5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 33 3 7 7 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 1 Asia 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 Not including China or South Korea 1 1 1 1 1 Asia Not including China

21

19 199

17 16

14 4 13 3 3 11 2 1 1 1 1 Indonesia

7 7

5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 Asia Not including China

9

4 11 11 3 3 10 2 9 1 1 1 1 Indonesia 8 8 8

6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 North America

23

11 11 10 9 8 8 8 17 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 15 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 111 North America 10 9 8 7 6

3 3 2 1 1 1 Middle East

23

17

15

11 11 10 9 8 7 6

3 3 2 1 1 1 Middle East the past five years, while the Another notable completion in the region and Central America were the cause of this, has only completed 10. is the 270-meter Four Seasons Hotel in as these regions have a greater tendency Manama, Bahrain, which was built on a to build tall using this material. Equally Europe manmade island in keeping with a bold interesting is the fact that 46 of the 48 While conversations about the master plan for the surrounding district. composite completions were in Asia, where appropriateness of tall buildings in historic material availability, seismic requirements, European cities continued to transpire in North America and workforce specializations are such that places like , the region at large saw Despite having only three completions the completion of eight 200-meter-plus in 2015 (see Figure 8) – a 50% decrease Central North America – 3 towers in 2015, its highest annual total on from 2014, in which it had six – North America – 4 (3%) (4%) Australia – 1 record (see Figure 6). This upswing is due America continues its trend of innovation Europe – 8 (1%) (8%) in part to the completion of four major and allure in the tall building industry. Just developments in Moscow City, a high- days before the end of 2015, December 23 rise in Russia that has to be exact, the first residents closed on transformed from a low-intensity site in the units in , meeting CTBUH Middle East – 9 (8%) 1990s to an area that now boasts the highest criteria for completion – that the building concentration of tall buildings in Europe. become at least partially occupiable. Asia – 81 The tallest of the 2015 completions here was The completion of this tower is indeed (76%) the OKO – Residential Tower, a 354-meter momentous, because it means that there skyscraper that was completed alongside are now officially 100 completed supertall the 224-meter OKO – Tower in the buildings in the world. The tower now same complex. OKO – Residential Tower stands as the tallest all-residential building Figure 9. Tall buildings 200 meters or taller completed now stands at the tallest building in Europe, in the world, the third-tallest in North in 2015: By Region. overtaking , which also America, and the 14th-tallest worldwide. resides in the Moscow City district. A lucky few attendees of the CTBUH 2015 Hotel – 4 Conference in New York participated in (4%) The remaining completions in Europe a Technical Tour of 432 Park Avenue, and were geographically distributed across the even got to see its in region, with single completions occurring action given the day’s windy conditions. Residential – 20 in Yekaterinburg, Russia; Milan, Italy; Izmir, (19%) Turkey; and Lyon, France. Completions by Function Office – 52 In 2015, the functional split for tall (49%)

Middle East and building completions appears to have Mixed-Use – 30 The Middle East had nine completions in remained relatively unchanged from (28%) 2015, marking the first time since 2009 that 2014 (see Figure 10). That being said, the region had less than ten 200-meter- all-office completions have hit another plus entries in a year (see Figure 7). As one all-time record, with 52 buildings (49% might expect from the region’s most popular of the total). Mixed-use buildings have Figure 10. Tall buildings 200 meters or taller completed in 2015: By Function. commerce and tourism destination, also achieved impressive numbers, led the pack with four completions, while with 30 (28% of the total). In terms of Abu Dhabi closed the year with three. For the all-residential completions, there were Mixed – 3 – 3 (3%) third year in a row, the emirate of Abu Dhabi 20 in 2015 – two more than in 2014, (3%) completed a supertall building, this time in representing nearly the same percentage the form of ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil of the total (19%) as last year. Company) Headquarters, which measures 342 meters in height and is unique for having Completions by Structural Material a square arciform opening at its crown. The In an interesting turn of events, 2015 – 52 Composite – 48 (49%) tower is the city’s second-tallest, coming in saw a spike in the number of buildings (45%) behind Burj Mohammed Bin Rashid, which completed with concrete structures – 52 completed in 2014 and was recognized by out of 106 (49%, see Figure 11). This is a the CTBUH as the 2015 Best Tall Building dramatic increase over 2014, when only 39 Middle East & Africa. out of 99 were completed (39% of total). Indeed, greater showings from Europe Figure 11. Tall Buildings 200 meters or taller completed in 2015: By Structural Material.

The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 2015 Year in Review report www.ctbuh.org | www.skyscrapercenter.com The 20 Tallest Buildings Completed in 2015

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 =11 =11 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Shanghai Tower 432 Park Avenue OKO – Residential Tower Tower 1 ADNOC Headquarters Chongqing World Nanjing International Shanghai, China New York City, USA Moscow, Russia Shenyang, China Abu Dhabi, UAE Financial Center Youth Cultural Centre 632 meters (2,073 ft) 426 meters (1,396 ft) 354 meters (1,160 ft) 351 meters (1,150 ft) 342 meters (1,122 ft) Chongqing, China Tower 1 339 meters (1,112 ft) Nanjing, China 315 meters (1,032 ft)

8 9 10 =11 =11 13 14 Stalnaya Vershina Diwang International Jiangxi Nanchang Jiangxi Nanchang Greenland Puli Center Guangzhou, China Moscow, Russia Fortune Center Greenland Central Plaza 1 Greenland Central Plaza 2 Jinan, China , 309 meters (1,015 ft) 309 meters (1,013 ft) Liuzhou, China Nanchang, China Nanchang, China 301 meters (988 ft) Malaysia 303 meters (994 ft) 303 meters (994 ft) 303 meters (994 ft) 298 meters (978 ft)

15 16 17 18 19 20 Xiamen Shimao Straits Kaisa Center Tower City of Lights C1 Tower Al Hekma Tower Eton Place Dalian Tower B Huizhou, China Dubai, UAE Abu Dhabi, UAE Dubai, UAE Tower 2 Xiamen, China 288 meters (945 ft) 284 meters (932 ft) 282 meters (926 ft) 282 meters (925 ft) Dalian, China 295 meters (969 ft) 280 meters (917 ft)

Figure 12. The 20 tallest buildings completed in 2015.

2015 Tallest #11: Jiangxi Nanchang 2015 Tallest #3: OKO - Residential Tower, Greenland Central Plaza, Nanchang, Moscow, 354 meters © Boris Bochkarev 303 meters © LV Heng-zhong

2015 Tallest #2: 432 Park Avenue, 2015 Tallest #7: Nanjing International 2015 Tallest #1: Shanghai Tower, New York City, 426 meters Youth Cultural Centre, Nanjing, 315 2015 Tallest #17: D1 Tower, Shanghai, 632 meters (public domain) © Macklowe Properties meters © Virgile Simon Bertrand Dubai, 284 meters © Enshaa

The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 2015 Year in Review report www.ctbuh.org | www.skyscrapercenter.com composite solutions are often the most Analysis desirable. Compare this to Europe and Following the completion of 432 Park Avenue Central America, where concrete is often For the second consecutive year, records in New York City, the world now has 100 preferred due to its widespread availability in 200-meter-plus completions and the over 300 meters in height and a and low cost when compared to steel. construction of supertall buildings have record 13 of them were completed in 2015 All-steel towers were very scarce in 2015, been broken. Given that we project this alone. Supertall skyscrapers have been built with only three 200-meter-plus completions trend to continue over the next couple of at an astonishing rate over the past five around the globe. One of these is J57, a years, it seems that what started in 2014 as years. In fact, the total number of supertalls tower in Changsha, China that was built by a post-recessionary recovery in key high-rise has doubled from 50 to 100 since the end of Broad Sustainable Building (BSB) in only 19 real estate markets has fully transitioned into 2010; whereas the first 50 took over 80 years days thanks to a CTBUH Innovation Award- a post-recessionary boom. to complete, from 1930 to 2010. Supertall winning modular construction technique construction is poised to remain strong into that the company hopes to employ on a Despite an overall slowdown in the Chinese the future. According to CTBUH data, there are 202-story building known as . property market, which has taken hold of the well over 100 supertall skyscrapers topped out country since 2013, it appears that this has or under construction that are scheduled to yet to manifest itself in the construction of be completed in the next five to six years. That The World’s 100 Tallest Buildings: 200-meter-plus buildings. China continues includes , which will become the Impact of 2015 to build more of these towers than any other world’s tallest building and the first kilometer- country, and with over 300 such buildings high building upon completion. With supertall The number of buildings entering the under construction at the time of this report, skyscrapers more common than ever, World’s 100 Tallest list has remained it’s plausible to assume that the country’s many look to the megatall (600-plus-meter) relatively static over the past four years, momentum will continue in the near future. distinction as the new frontier for the world’s with 13 entering the list in 2015, 13 in The country’s long-term prospects are tallest buildings. There are currently only three 2014, 12 in 2013, and 13 in 2012. But this more uncertain. As the country continues completed megatall buildings in the world, year is particularly noteworthy because it to transition from a growth economy to a but that number is set to more than double is the first year where every building in the consumption economy – one that caters to in the coming years as four more – including list is a supertall (300 meters or higher). the added buying power of its rising middle Jeddah Tower – come online. The shortest building on the list is now class – large-scale -funded in , Qatar, which comes construction projects might begin to take a in at exactly 300 meters. The average backseat. The overall cooling of the country’s Thoughts on 2016 height of buildings in the 100 Tallest list once red-hot economic performance could has thus increased to 357 meters, up from also have percolating effects on the number As we come off the heels of another record- 350 in 2014 and over 70 meters higher of high-rises built in the long-term. breaking year, 2016 doesn’t seem like it than the 2000 average of 285 meters. will be any different. We currently project The completion of the 632-meter Shanghai the completion of between 110 and 135 The number of mixed-use towers has Tower is particularly noteworthy, not only buildings of 200 meter’s height or greater. increased by five since 2014, from 36 to for its emergence as the tallest building in Perhaps even more staggering is the fact 41, while losses occurred for every other China and the second-tallest building in the that 18 to 27 of these buildings are expected category, mostly in residential and hotel. world, but for its effects on the global Top 10 to be in the supertall range. If true, 2016 This transition is likely to continue as it rankings. ’s 442-meter Willis Tower alone would see the global total of supertalls becomes more common for mixed-use (originally Sears Tower), once the world’s increase by 18% to 27%. Unsurprisingly towers to feature a combination of hotel and tallest building, has been pushed out of the perhaps, the majority of these will be located residential functions. Top 10 for the first time since it completed in Asia and the Middle East. in 1974. Willis Tower was among the Top 10 In terms of structural material, 45 buildings Tallest Buildings for 41 years, in which time The tallest building set to complete in 2016 are composite construction, compared to 39 the tower was overtaken by skyscrapers is Ping An Finance Center, which will take its in 2014. The number of concrete towers has constructed primarily in Asia and the Middle place as the tallest building in Shenzhen and fallen again, from 43 in 2014 to 39 in 2015. East. Given the rapid development of urban play host to the first networking reception The number of all-steel structures in the 100 centers in these regions and the new heights of the CTBUH 2016 Conference in October. Tallest list continues to decline, down from that are being realized by contemporary tall At its final height of 599 meters, the tower 13 in 2014 to 11 in 2015. buildings, CTBUH data projects that it will be will symbolize a city that has witnessed less than five years before Willis Tower also unprecedented urban growth – from 30,000 falls out of the Top 20 Tallest Buildings. people to approximately 12 million in only 35

The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 2015 Year in Review report www.ctbuh.org | www.skyscrapercenter.com All Buildings 200 meters or taller completed in 2015 (106 no) Asia Australia Middle East North America Central America Europe years since becoming China’s first Special Economic Zone in 1979. Height Rank Building Name Location Floors Height Rank Building Name Location Floors (m) (m) 1 Shanghai Tower Shanghai 128 632 54 Wanxiang City Tower 1 Hangzhou 50 230 Elsewhere in China, 2 432 Park Avenue New York City 85 426 55 Modern Media Plaza 1 Suzhou 42 228

3 OKO – Residential Tower Moscow 90 354 56 Taiping Finance Tower Shenzhen 48 228 is set to complete in Tianjin at a height of

4 Forum 66 Tower 1 Shenyang 68 351 57 The Leaf Abu Dhabi 57 228 597 meters. The tower will accommodate

5 ADNOC Headquarters Abu Dhabi 76 342 58 OKO – Office Tower Moscow 46 224 a mixture of uses including office space 6 Chongqing World Financial Center Chongqing 72 339 59 568 Collins Street Melbourne 68 224 along the bottom floors and a luxury Nanjing International 60 CSSD Plaza Suzhou 47 222 7 Youth Cultural Centre Tower 1 Nanjing 68 315 hotel in the upper floors. The surrounding 61 Fuzhou IFC Fuzhou 48 220 8 Fortune Center Guangzhou 68 309 Goldin Metropolitan development, which 62 Furama Tower Dalian 55 218 9 Stalnaya Vershina Moscow 72 309 will continue to be implemented in the 63 Ying Li International Plaza T1 Chongqing 52 218 10 Diwang International Fortune Center Liuzhou 75 303 coming years, will serve to activate this 64 Qingxiu Wanda Mansion 1 Nanning 60 216 11 Jiangxi Nanchang Greenland Nanchang 59 303 centrally located tower by comprising Central Plaza 1 64 Qingxiu Wanda Mansion 4 Nanning 60 216

Jiangxi Nanchang Greenland 66 Arady Residential Tower Dubai 51 216 a large high-end , 11 Central Plaza 2 Nanchang 59 303 67 Naza Tower 1 Kuala Lumpur 50 216 entertainment venues, two international 13 Greenland Puli Center Jinan 61 301 68 The Paramount Panama City 59 214 standard polo fields, training facilities, 14 Ilham Tower Kuala Lumpur 64 298 69 Pabellon M Monterrey 48 214 15 Xiamen Shimao Straits Tower B Xiamen 67 295 retail outlets, and green spaces. 70 Tianhebei Tower Guangzhou 55 212 16 Kaisa Center Huizhou 66 288 Mirae Scientists Street 17 D1 Tower Dubai 80 284 71 Residential Tower Pyongyang 53 210 See below for the 10 tallest buildings set to

18 City of Lights C1 Tower Abu Dhabi 62 282 72 BDO Corporate Center Ortigas Mandaluyong 47 210 complete in 2016.

19 Al Hekma Tower Dubai 64 282 73 Excellence Houhai Financial Center Shenzhen 46 210

20 Eton Place Dalian Tower 2 Dalian 62 280 73 Financial Street Nankai Center Tianjin 46 210 Projected 10 Tallest Buildings in 2016 21 Riverside Century Plaza Wuhu 66 275 73 Suning Ruicheng Phase 1 E06 #1 Nanjing 46 210 Asia Middle East Europe 22 Bohai Bank Tower Tianjin 55 270 73 Suning Ruicheng Phase 1 E07 #2 Nanjing 46 210

23 Four Seasons Hotel Manama 50 270 77 Suning Ruicheng Phase 1 E08 #2 Nanjing 34 210 Height Rank Building Name Location Floors (m) 24 Tongde Kunming Plaza Kunming 54 269 78 Moi Tiandi Taiyuan - 210 1 Ping An Finance Center Shenzhen 115 599 Jiangxi Nanchang Greenland 79 SOCAR Tower Baku 40 209 25 Nanchang 56 268 2 Goldin Finance 117 Tianjin 128 597 80 U-Residence 2 Karawaci Tangerang 59 209 26 Heilan Fortune Center Jiangyin 59 258 3 Seoul 123 555 81 Iset Tower Yekaterinburg 52 209 26 Sahid Sudirman Center Jakarta 59 258 4 Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre Guangzhou 111 530 82 CCCC South Headquarters Guangzhou 50 208 28 Ningbo Global Shipping Plaza Ningbo 52 257 5 Dubai 101 427 Seaview Condominium @ Green Bay Nanjing International Youth Cultural 83 Pluit Tower J Jakarta 48 208 6 Eton Place Dalian Tower 1 Dalian 80 383 29 Centre Tower 2 Nanjing 61 255 Seaview Condominium @ Green Bay 7 Towers - Vostok Tower Moscow 95 374 30 Raffles Hotel Jakarta 52 253 83 Pluit Tower K Jakarta 48 208 8 Dalian International Trade Center Dalian 86 370 31 Chengjieyi Center Huizhou - 253 Seaview Condominium @ Green Bay 83 Pluit Tower L Jakarta 48 208 9 The The BLVD Dubai 72 368 32 5 Taian Dao Tianjin 45 251 10 Hon Kwok City Center Shenzhen 80 329 83 Seaview Condominium @ Green Bay Jakarta 48 208 33 Hunter Douglas International Plaza Guiyang 59 250 Pluit Tower M

34 Xiamen Shimao Straits Tower A Xiamen 59 250 87 Summer Palace Tower A Shenyang 41 208

35 Yunfu Tower Wuxi 53 249 88 J57 Changsha 57 208 For more information, please contact

36 Ahuja Towers Mumbai 54 249 89 Allianz Tower Milan 50 207 Jason Gabel, CTBUH Communications

37 Artwin I Incheon 72 248 90 HSBC Tower Soho Mall Panama City 41 207 Manager at: [email protected]

37 Artwin II Incheon 72 248 91 Chongqing Plaza T1 Chongqing 40 207

39 Jia Fa Centre Chongqing 52 247 92 Sky New York City 61 206

40 Moscow 55 246 93 Vietcombank Tower Ho Chi Minh 40 206

41 Sinarmas MSIG Tower Jakarta 48 245 94 Vanke Jinyu Central Tower 1 Fuzhou 64 203

Western International Finance Center 95 AVIC Plaza Xiamen 48 202 42 Conrad Hotel Chengdu 56 241 95 Zijin Plaza Xiamen 48 202 43 Jin Wan Plaza 2 Tianjin 58 240 97 Ichon Rex Tower A Seoul 56 201 44 Arady Office Tower Dubai 49 237 98 Tunjungan Plaza 5 Surabaya, Java 50 201 45 The Headquarters Jeddah 55 236 99 Pinnacle One Chengdu 47 200 46 Poly Nanhu Plaza 1 Changsha 57 235 99 Qingxiu Wanda Plaza Office Tower 1 Nanning 47 200 47 Torre BBVA Bancomer Mexico City 50 235 99 Qingxiu Wanda Plaza Office Tower 2 Nanning 47 200 48 ÏCE Condominiums at York Centre 2 Toronto 67 234 99 Qingxiu Wanda Plaza Office Tower 3 Nanning 47 200 49 CASC International Center North Tower Shenzhen 50 232 103 Hainan Tower 1 Haikou 45 200 50 1818 Center Wuhan 42 232 104 Central Spring Nanchang 40 200 51 SEG-Hitachi Shenzhen 65 230 Tower 1A 104 Folkart Tower B Izmir 40 200

SEG-Hitachi Industrial Park 106 Tour Incity Lyon 39 200 51 Redevelopment Tower 2A Shenzhen 65 230 2015 Tallest #25: Jiangxi Nanchang Greenland Zifeng 53 New Victory Hotel Tower Lanzhou 51 230 Tower, Nanchang, 268 meters © LV Heng-zhong

The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 2015 Year in Review report www.ctbuh.org | www.skyscrapercenter.com 2015 Tallest #30: Raffles Hotel (with DBS Bank Tower), Jakarta, 253 meters © CallisonRTKL

2015 Tallest #48: ÏCE Condominiums at York Centre, 2015 Tallest #55: Modern Media Plaza, Suzhou, 228 meters Toronto, 234 meters © Ben Rahn, A-Frame Studio LTD © Shanghai Pdoing Vision & Culture Communication Co., Ltd. – Hu Wenkit

2015 Tallest #40: Evolution Tower, Moscow, 2015 Tallest #56: Taiping Finance Tower, 246 meters © GORPROJECT Shenzhen, 228 meters © NIKKEN SEKKEI LTD

2015 Tallest #72: BDO Corporate Center Ortigas, 2015 Tallest #89: Allianz Tower, Milan, Mandaluyong, 210 meters © Pathfinder 207 meters © Alessandra Chemollo

2015 Tallest #45: The Headquarters Business Park, 2015 Tallest #88: J57, Changsha, 208 meters 2015 Tallest #99: Pinnacle One, Chengdu, Jeddah, 236 meters © Batley Partners International © BROAD Group 200 meters © John Madden

The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 2015 Year in Review report www.ctbuh.org | www.skyscrapercenter.com Tall Buildings in Numbers – 2015: A Tall Building Review Click on building names to be taken to the Skyscraper Center The Global Tall Building Picture: Impact of 2015 In 2015, 106 buildings of 200 meters’ height or greater were completed, setting a new record for global tall building construction. This brings the total number of 200-meter-plus buildings in the world to 1,040, exceeding 1,000 for the first time in history and marking a 392% increase from the year 2000, when only 265 existed. Impressively, 13 of these buildings were supertalls (buildings of 300 meters or higher), the highest annual total on record.

World’s Tallest Building Completed Each Year Starting with the year 2000, these are the tallest buildings completed globally each year.

800 m 828 m/2,717 ft 541 m/1,776 ft Dubai New York City

700 m Shanghai World Financial Center Shanghai Tower 492 m/1,614 ft 632 m/2,073 ft Shanghai Makkah Royal Tower 601 m/1,972 ft Shanghai

600 m Trump International Hotel & Tower 101 423 m/1,389 ft 508 m/1,667 ft Chicago KK100 Taipei 442 m/1,449 ft Years Average Shenzhen 500 m Emirates Tower One JW Marriott Marquis 2013 394 355 m/1,163 ft Two International Finance Centre Hotel Dubai Tower 2 Shimao International Plaza Dubai 412 m/1,352 ft 355 m/1,166 ft 2012 388 333 m/1,094 ft Hong Kong Dubai Menara Telekom Shanghai 2011 374 310 m/1,017 ft Rose Rayhaan 400 m Kuala Lumpur by Rotana 2010 366 Tower 333 m/1,093 ft 323 m/1,058 ft Dubai 2009 344 302 m/992 ft Gold Coast 2008 339 300 m 2007 331 800 m 2006 329 2005 327 200 m 2004 325 700 m Years Average Average - Yearly Completions 20032016 320378 Years Average 2002 317 100 m 2015 357 2016 248 2001 316 600 m 2014 350 2015 245 2000 315 2013 344 2014 241 1999 310 2012 340 2013 241 500 m 2011 331 2012 249 2001 2011 2014 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2012 2013 2015 2010 323 2011 245 The Average Height of the Tallest Buildings 2009 307 2010 255 400 m Tallest 100: The average height of the 100 tallest buildings in existence around the world that year 357 meters 2008 304 2009 230 2008 245 The average height of all 200 m+ buildings completed that year Tallest 100: 2007 297 Tallest 100: Tallest 100: Tallest 100: 350 meters Tallest 100: 340 meters 344 meters 2007 237 331 meters 2015 Average: 2006 295 300 m Tallest 100: Tallest 100: 323 meters Tallest 100: 245 meters Tallest 100: Tallest 100: Tallest 100: 304 meters 307 meters Tallest 100: Tallest 100: Tallest 100: Tallest 100: 297 meters 2006 237 290 meters 292 meters 295 meters 106 Buildings 2005 292 285 meters 286 meters 284 meters 286 meters 2010 Average: 2005 228 2011 Average: 2012 Average: 2004 290 2004 Average: 2008 Average: 255 meters 2013 Average: 2014 Average: 2000 Average: 2003 Average: 2005 Average: 2006 Average: 2007 Average: 2009 Average: 249 meters 2001 Average: 245 meters 241 meters 241 meters 243 meters 2002 Average: 247 meters 228 meters 237 meters 237 meters 245 meters 73 Buildings 227 meters 233 meters 230 meters 69 Buildings 2004 247 200 m 223 meters 18 Buildings 47 Buildings 80 Buildings 74 Buildings 99 Buildings 2003 286 23 Buildings 31 Buildings 31 Buildings 27 Buildings 31 Buildings 50 Buildings 23 Buildings 16 Buildings 2002 284 2003 233 2001 283 2002 223 2001 2011 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2000 281 2001 227 100 1999 277 2000 243 There are now 100 supertall Shanghai Tower, Shanghai, 1999 246 80 For the third year in a row, skyscrapers in the world at 632 meters, was at least 75% of all 200 m+ 60 following the completion of the tallest building to building completions were 2010 = 50 432 Park Avenue; The total complete in 2015, and is located in Asia 40 2005 = 29 number of supertalls has now the second-tallest Asia – 76% 76% in 2015 2000 = 24 doubled from 50 to 100 in building in the world and 77% in 2014

1995 = 13 20 2015 = 100 Completed Supertalls2015 = 100 Completed just five years the tallest in China 76% in 2013

0

The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 2015 Year in Review report www.ctbuh.org | www.skyscrapercenter.com World’s Tallest 100: Analysis As the graphs below show, we continue to see major shifts towards Asia, mixed-use function, and composite structures.

100 100 100 100 100 6 3 6 3 10 9 9 5 4 3 3 11 14 8 3 3 4 5 98 5 3 5 6 8 12 98 98 9 4 4 3 3 4 6 96 95 23 33 45 93 22 28 31 92 11 13 4 3 3 3 5 4 88 88 89 89 5 89 12 36 87 87 87 7 85 25 80 80 80 80 79 41 11 43 18 67 48 60 60 60 21 59 41 55 51 39

40 40 40 41 38

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20 20 20 21 17 11

0 0 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2015 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2015 1940 2000 2010 1930 1950 1970 1990 1960 1980 2015 100 tallest buildings by location 100 tallest buildings by function 100 tallest buildings by material

North America Asia Middle East Europe Office Mixed-use Steel Concrete Composite

South America Australia Central America Africa Hotel Residential Mixed Unknown

Number of Buildings Entering the World’s 100 Tallest by Year A total of 13 buildings made it into the global 100 Tallest list in 2015, a number that has remained relatively static over the past four years. With 18 to 27 supertalls projected to complete in 2016, it may not be long before we see the 2011 record of 18 entries broken.

18 18

16 16

14 14

13 13 13

12 12 12 12 12

11 11

10 10 10

9 9

8 8 8 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4 4 4 4

3 3 Number of buildings entering the World’s 100 Tallest Buildings List Tallest 100 World’s the Number of buildings entering 2 2

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Europe saw eight 200 m+ Jakarta had a big year There were 52 buildings completions in 2015, the in 2015, completing completed with concrete region’s most of all time; seven 200 m+ buildings, structures in 2015, a Among the eight was the more than any other dramatic increase over 354-meter OKO - Residential city, the 258-meter Sahid 2014, when only 39 were Tower, Moscow, the current Sudirman Center was the completed tallest in Europe tallest of these seven

The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 2015 Year in Review report www.ctbuh.org | www.skyscrapercenter.com