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CTBUH Year in Review: Tall Trends All building data, images and drawings can be found at end of 2014, and Forecasts for 2015 Click on building names to be taken to the Center

An All-Time Record 97 Buildings of 200 Meters or Higher Completed in 2014 Report by Daniel Safarik and Antony Wood, CTBUH Research by Marty Carver and Marshall Gerometta, CTBUH

2014 showed further shifts towards Asia, and also surprising developments in building 60 58 14,000 13,549 2014 Completions: 200m+ Buildings by Country functions and structural materials. Note: One tall building 200m+ in height was also completed during 13,000 2014 in these countries: Chile, Kuwait, Malaysia, Singapore, South , 50 , United Kingdom, Vietnam 60 58 2014 Completions: 200m+ Buildings by Countr5,00y 0 14,000 60 13,54958 14,000 13,549 2014 Completions: 200m+ Buildings by Country

Executive Summary 40 Note: One tall building 200m+ in height was also completed during ) Note: One tall building 200m+ in height was also completed during 13,000 60 58 14,0013,000

2014 in these countries: Chile, Kuwait, Malaysia, Singapore, , (m 13,549 2014 in these Completions: countries: Chile, Kuwait, 200m+ Malaysia, BuildingsSingapore, South byKorea, C ountry 50 Total Number (Total = 97) 4,000 s 50 Taiwan,Taiwan, United United Kingdom, Kingdom, Vietnam Vietnam Note: One tall building 200m+ in height was also completed during ht er 13,000 Sum of He2014 igin theseht scountries: (Tot alChile, = Kuwait, 23,333 Malaysia, m) Singapore, South Korea, 5,000

mb 30 50 5,000

The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) Taiwan, United Kingdom, Vietnam Heig

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Sum of Heights (Total = 23,333 m) (m ht

mb 30 er Total Number (Total = 97) s 4,002,000 0Heig or greater were completed around in 2014 – a ht Nu er Sum of Heights (Total = 23,333 m) 3,000 of

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800 Total Number of Countries = 19 2,001,000 0m 679Total Number712 of 756Countries = 19 Su 5 Su 4 503 532 20 20 4 3 3 3 3 402 1,143 1,115 1,1452 222,000 • The 97 buildings completed in 2014 beat every 10 2,000 800 1,000 679 712 756 5 0 1,143 4 1,145 503 532 0 4 1,115 3 3 3 3 402 Philippines10 Qatar UAE Canada Indonesia Japan United Australia2 Saudi22Turkey 1,143 800 1,115 1,145 1,000 previous year on record, including the previous 679 712 756 10 5 0 4 800 4 States 503 Arabi532a 0 1,000 3 679 3 7123 3756 402 China5 Qatar UAE Canada Indonesia Japan United Australia2 Saudi22Turkey 4 503 532 record high of 81 completions in 2011. 4 3 3 3 States 3 Arabia 402 0 2 220 China Philippines Qatar UAE Canada Indonesia Japan United Australia Saudi Turkey 0 2014 Completions: 200m+ Buildings by Country States Arabia 0 • A total of 11 supertalls (buildings of 300 meters or China Philippines2014Qatar Completions:UAE Canada 200m+Indonesia BuildingsJapan byUnite Citd yAustralia Saudi Turkey 2014 Completions: 200m+ BuildingsStates by City Arabia Note: One tall building 200 m+ in height was also completed during 2014 in these cities: higher) completed in 2014 – the highest annual 2014Note: One C tallompletions: building 200 m+ in height200m+ was also Buildings completed during by 2014 Cit in ythese cities: Brisbane, Busan, Brisbane,Changsha, Busan, Foshan, Changsha, Haikou, Foshan, Hanoi, Haikou, Harbin, Hanoi, Harbin, , Istanbul, Izmir, Izmir, , Jeddah, Jinan, Jinan, , Kunming,Kuala Lumpur, Kuwait Kunming, City, Kuwait Liuzhou, City, ,Liuzhou, London, , Manila, , Melbourne, Nanjing, Nanjing, , 6 6 Note: One tall building 200 m+ in height was also completed during 2014 in these cities: 6 Nantong, Osaka, , , , Singapore, , Taiyuan, Zhengzhou 1,300 total on record. Since 2010, 46 supertalls have been6 1,245 m Nantong, Osaka, Brisbane,Riyadh, Busan,Santiago, Changsha, Shenzhen, Foshan, Singapore,Haikou, Hanoi, Taipei, Harbin, Taiyuan,Istanbul, Izmir, Zhengzhou Jeddah, Jinan, 1,300 1,245 m 1,221 m 1,221 m 2014 Completions: 200m+ Buildings by City 6 Kuala Lumpur, Kunming, , Liuzhou, London, Manila, Melbourne, Nanjing, Nanning, 6 Nantong, Osaka, Riyadh, Santiago, Shenzhen, Singapore, Taipei, Taiyuan, Zhengzhou 1,300 1,245 m 1,145 m completed, representing 54% of the supertalls that 1,221 m Total Number (Total = 97) 5 Note1,145 m: One tall building 200 m+ in height was also completed during 2014 in these 1,10cities:0 5 Brisbane, Busan, Changsha,Total NuFoshan,mb Haikou,er (T Hanoi,otal Harbin, = 97 )Istanbul, Izmir, Jeddah, Jinan,1,10 0 1,145 m Sum of Heights (Total = 23,333 m) currently exist (85). The number of 200-meter-plus Kuala Lumpur, Kunming, KuwaitTota City,l Nu Liuzhou,mber London, (Total Manila,= 97) Melbourne, Nanjing,1,10 Nanning,0 6 5 906 m 6 4 8804 m 4 4 Nantong, Osaka, Riyadh,Sum Santiago, of He Shenzhen,ights (T Singapore,otal = Taipei, 23,333 Taiyuan, m) Zhengzhou900 1,300 41,245 m SuTotalm ofNumber Height ofs (T Citiesotal = = 23,333 54 m) ) 906 m 800 1,221 m 880 m buildings in existence has hit 935, a 352% increase 4 4 4 4 906 m 900 (m 880 m 4 4 4 4 900 s 4 703 m 712 m ) ) 4 ht er 677 Total NumberTotal Number of Cities of Cities = =54 54 800 800 3 3 3 3 3 1,1453 679 m m 659 m 700 (m (m

mb 3 Total Number (Total = 97)

s 1,100 s from 2000, when only 266 existed. 605 Heig 5 703 m 712 m 576 m 571 m

712 m ht Nu 703 m er ht 677 of

er 679 m 700 3677 3 3 6793 m 3 3 659 m 3 3 3 3 3 3 659 m 496 m 700 454 m m mb 3 467 m Sum of Heights (T476ot m 480al m = 23,33350 0m) 605 456 m 462 m 459 m 456 m Heig

mb 3 2 576 2m 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 22571 2m Su

605 Heig Nu 420 410

2 906 m of 880 m 576 m 571 m Nu 4 4 4 4 900

496 m of • This was the “tallest year ever” by another measure: 454 m 476 m 480 m m 467 m 462 m 459 m 500 4 456 m 2 2 4562 m ) 2 496 2m 2 2 Total2 2 Number2 of2 Cities22 2= 54 Su 420 454 m 476 m 480 m 410 m 2 800 467 m 462 m 459 m 300500 456 m 2 2 4562 m (m 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 222 Su The sum of heights of all 200-meter-plus buildings2 1 420 410 s 703 m 712 m ht

er 677 300 3 3 3 3 3 3 679 m 659 m 700 1 100

mb 3

605 Heig

completed across the globe in 2014 was 23,333 576 m 57130 m0

Nu 0 0 100 of 1 496 m Doha Hefei 454 m 476 m 480 m m meters – setting another all-time record and Tianjin Wuhan Jakarta Dubai467 m Makati462 m 459 m 500 0 Fuzhou Huzhou456 m Qingdao2 2 Xiamen 0 4562 m 2Chengdu2 2 2 2 2 ShanghaiShenyang2 2 222 Su 2 Chongqing GuangzhouHangzhou Nanchang 420 410 100 Doha Wuxi Hefei Tokyo Tianjin Wuhan Jakarta Toronto Beijing Fuzhou HuzhouMakati Xiamen breaking 2011’s previous record of 19,852 meters. Chengdu QingdaoShanghaiShenyang 0 Chongqing GuangzhouHangzhou Nanchang Abu Dhabi 0 New York City Mandaluyong 300

Doha1 2014Wuxi Completions: 200m+ Buildings by CityDubai Hefei Tokyo Tianjin Wuhan Jakarta Toronto Beijing Fuzhou HuzhouMakati Xiamen Chengdu QingdaoShanghaiShenyang • Asia’s dominance of the tall-building industry Chongqing GuangzhouHangzhou Nanchang Abu Dhabi New York City Mandaluyong 100

increased yet again in 2014. Seventy-four of the 97 0 0 United States, Japan, Indonesia and Canada tie for buildings completed in 2014, or 76%, were in Asia. Doha Wuxi Dubai Hefei Tokyo Tianjin Wuhan Jakarta Toronto Beijing Fuzhou HuzhouMakati Xiamen Chengdu QingdaoShanghaiShenyang Chongqing GuangzhouHangzhou Nanchang Abu Dhabi fourth, with threeNew York City completions each. Mandaluyong • Once again, for the seventh year in a row, China completed the most 200-meter-plus buildings (58). • Japan marked its first entry into the supertall stakes This represents 60% of the global 2014 total, and a with the completion of the 300-meter Abeno Harukas 61% increase over its previous record of 36 in 2013. in Osaka, becoming the country’s tallest building.

• The Philippines took second place with five • South America also welcomed its first supertall, the completions, the and Qatar 300-meter Torre Costanera of Santiago, Chile, which share position three with four completions, and the was also the only building of 200 meters or greater to complete on the continent in 2014.

The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 2014 Year in Review report www.ctbuh.org • Tianjin, China, was the city that completed the most predominant structural material is concrete 200m+ buildings, with six. Chongqing, Wuhan, and dropped to 38% in 2014, from 61% in 2013. Wuxi, China, along with Doha, Qatar, all tied for • All-steel continued its decline as a primary second place with four completions each. structural material, comprising only 5% of 2014’s • In 2014, 47 all-office buildings were completed 200-meter-plus completions and 13% of the (48% of the total), the largest total ever, versus 31 world’s 100 tallest buildings, though it showed a (38% of the total) in 2011, the previous record high. slight uptick from 3% in 2013.

Hotel – 5 (5%) Key Worldwide Market Snapshots of 2014

Asia (Not including Middle East) Asia’s recent dominance of the tall-building industry increased yet again Residential – 19 in 2014. Seventy-four of the 97 buildings completed in 2014, or 76%, (20%) were in Asia. Office – 47 (48%) Europe – 3 Australia – 2 (3%) (2%) Mixed-Use – 26 North (27%) America – 6 South America – 1 (6%) (1%)

Tall Buildings 200 meters or Taller Completed in 2014: by Function

Middle East – 11 • At 541 meters, was the (11%) tallest building to complete in 2014 and is now the

world’s third-tallest building. Asia – 74 (76%) • A majority of 2014 completions used composite construction as the primary structural system – 52 out of 97 (54%), as compared to 24 out of 71 (34%) in 2013. The number of buildings whose Tall Buildings 200 meters or Taller Completed in 2014: by Region

Unknown – 2 (2%) Once again, for the seventh year in a row, China completed the Steel/Concrete – 1 most 200-meter-plus buildings (58) of any country in the world. This Steel – 5 (1%) (5%) represents 60% of the global total, and a 61% increase over China’s own previous record of 36 in 2013. These buildings were spread throughout 29 cities, including some that were not on the list last year, such as Beijing (two completions in 2014), Shenyang (two) , Wuhan, and Wuxi (four, respectively). Tianjin held the title of most skyscraper completions (six) in China, Asia, and indeed the world, up Composite – 52 from two in 2013. Concrete – 37 (54%) (38%) The tallest building to complete in China was The Wharf 1 in Wuxi, a 339-meter hotel/office complex. It was also Asia’s tallest building and the third-tallest building in the world to complete in 2014.

The Philippines recorded five completions during 2014 – breaking its previous record of four in 2009 – including a twin-towered residential Tall Buildings 200 meters or Taller Completed in 2014: by Structural Material complex called One Shangri-La Place.

The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 2014 Year in Review report www.ctbuh.org 58

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22 22 22 21 20 20

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14

12 12 11 58

8 7 6 6

4 3 3 11 1 1 China

37 9 9 9 8 7 77

5 5 5 5 5 4 4 44 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 22 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 11 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 58 USA

22 22 22 21 20 20

16 16

14

12 12 11 15 14 8 7 6 6 1037 4 3 3 8 7 11 1 1 5 China 4 4 3 3 2 8 1 11 UAE

22 22 22 21 20 20 9 9 9 8 7 58 In addition to two completions in Tokyo, Japan marked its first entry 16 16 77 Yearly 200m+5 Completions5 5 5 5 14 4 4 44 4 4 into the supertall stakes with the completion3 of the 300-meter Abeno 3 3 3 3 12 3 12 3 3 All22 © CTBUH 2 2 2 2 2 2 11 2 2 2 4 42 2 4 11 11 1 1 1 1 31 1 1 3 1 3 USA 2 2 2 Europe Harukas in Osaka, becoming the country’s tallest building. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 7 6 6

4 3 3 South Korea lagged behind its nine-building record in 2013, completing 11 1 1 China just one 200-meter-plus building, the 289-meter Busan International 58

37 Finance Center Landmark Tower. 15 1114

9 8 10 9 9 9 8 8 7 7 4 3 3 77 3 2 5 Australia 5 5 5 1 5 1 5 1 1 4 14 South Korea 4 4 44 4 3 4 3 2 8 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 22 22 22 3 1 11 Australia had two completions in 2014, the Prima Pearl in 22 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 212 2 UAE 11 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 20 20 1 USA 37 Melbourne and Infinity in Brisbane, after an absence in 2013. Given the 16 16 number of superlative headlines coming out of Melbourne in particular 14 12 12 4 11 4 during 2014, where it seemed every week bore news of another approved 3 3 2 2 2 2 111 1 8 1 Australia or amended skyscraper, this may well be the quiet before the storm. 7 6 6 4 22 22 4 22 4 4 15 3 3 21 3 3 3 14 2 20 20 2 2 Europe 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 China 10 16 16 8 14 Europe 7 12 12 5 China Current Total: 348 11 4 4 Europe didn’t break any records in 2014. The 2013 3 3 10 2 8 8 1 11 7 UAE in remains Europe’s tallest at 339 meters. The tallest building 6 6 9 9 9 4 11 8 4 in Europe to complete in 2014 was The Leadenhall Building, London, at 3 37 77 9 2 11 1 1 2 8 China 5 5 5 5 5 1 Panama 224 meters, which is notable for its angled4 form, exposed steelwork, and 4 44 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 22 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 11 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 13 3 3 1 USA ground-level public space. Absent from the charts in 2013, Turkey made 2 1 1 1 1 1 South Korea up two of three European completions in 2014, with the Maslak Spine Panama City 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 Europe Tower in Istanbul and the Folkart Tower A in Izmir. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 South Korea Current Total: 48 8 7 77

5 5 5 5 5 4 4 44 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 34 3 3 22 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 15 2 23 16 11 11 1 1 1 1 1 12 1 2 2 14 1 2 USA Middle East and Africa 111 1 1 Australia 13

10 The Middle East had 11 completions in 2014, or 11% of the global total, 10 98 11 10 7 8 89 down from a record 23 in 2011, or 28% of the global total. 8 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 3 4 2 4 4 4 8 33 1 3 11 3 4 21 UAE 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 20 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 19 Asia The typical leaders of the Middle Eastern pack, the UAE’s dueling 1 1 1 1 15 1 South Korea 10 18 14 Not including China or South Korea municipalities Abu Dhabi and Dubai, flagged somewhat in 2014. Each 14 Rest of Asia (not including China or South Korea) Current Total: 140 13 10 had two completions, including Abu Dhabi’s 381-meter World Trade 4 118 7 2 2 Center Abu Dhabi – , which was the second-tallest 1 5 Panama 4 7 7 4 3 3 2 4 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 8 building to complete worldwide in 2014. The other building in the World 1 11 3 4 3 4 4 213 3 583 UAE 2 3 2 32 32 2 2 2 Europe 1 1 222 112 21 1 1 2 21 1 2 1 1 1 1 19 Australia Trade Center Abu Dhabi Complex to complete in 2014, the 278-meter 1 1 1 1 Asia Panama Cit17y 16 Not including Abu Dhabi – The Offices, entered the charts at 14 Australia Current Total: 27 13 number 17. The UAE’s two-year run of having three of the world’s five 11 tallest buildings completed in a given year was broken in 2014 by 7 7 10 4 4 4 16 5 5 5 3 5 3 1011 3 the incursion of that “other” World Trade Center in New York, and the 9 9 4 9 4 4 4 2 8 2 2 3 3 3 9 Europe 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7713 2 2 2 2 2 2 8 1 1 1 1 1 37 persistence of construction in China. 5 5 5 5 5 Asia 4 4 44 4 4 10 9 10 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 Not including China 22 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 11 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 13 3 8 3 8 1 2 USA Europe Current Total: 37 22 1 1 1 1 1 1 PSouthanama Korea Qatar delivered four of the 11 completions in the Middle East, all of 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 33 3 3 which were in Doha, and all of which were within one meters’ height of 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Asia 23 Panama11 City Not including China or South Korea each other, just barely making the cutoff at 200 meters. 22 22 22 21 9 20 20 8

4 4 16 3 16 16 4 15 3 Besides the World Trade Center - The Residences in Abu Dhabi, the other 2 3 3 2 2 3 2 111 1 141 2 Australia 1 1 1 1 1 South Korea supertall to complete in the Middle East was in Riyadh, ’s 12 12 11 11 11 11 21 16 8 , clocking in at 308 meters. Kuwait’s 240-meter Crystal Tower 8 7 19 7 6 13 6 6 17 16 also completed. 4 3 3 10 3 3 2 9 14 10 1 1 1 13 Middle East 11 1 1 8 8 China 4 4 11 3 10 3 5 5 5 25 2 2 2 111 1 4 4 4 14 33 3 3 Australia Middle East Current Total:2 1202 2 2 2 7 7 2 North America 1 1 1 1 1 UAE Saudi Arabia Qata1 r Other Asia 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 Not including China or South Korea 3 3 3 This was a triumphant year for the United States, and particularly for 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 PAsiaanama 9 9 9 6 New York. At 541 meters, One World Trade Center, New York, was the 8 Not including China 7 4 4 3 773 2 2 2 Europe tallest building to complete in 2014 and is now the world’s third-tallest.1 1 5 5 5 5 1 15 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 44 4 4 10 3 3 3 3 3 3 3Panama City 3 The last time the United States completed a tallest building worldwide 22 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 11 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 21 1 USA was in 2009, when ’s 423-meter Trump International Hotel & 19 4 17 16 Tower debuted. Its 298-meter New York neighbor, 4 World Trade Center, 2 2 United States of America Current Total: 169 14 1 Panama 13

11 16 11 2 13 The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 2014 Year in Review report www.ctbuh.org8 9 8 7 7 Panama City7 10 15 5 5 5 5 9 14 10 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 8 3 8 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 1 SouthAsia Korea 5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 8 Not including China 33 3 73 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 Asia 4 164 3 3 Seoul2 Busan Other 8 Not including China or South Korea 1 11 13 UAE

10 9 10 11 8 8

8 8 8 8 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 6 33 3 3 21 5 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 19 3 3 Asia 2 2 22 2 17 Southeast Asia 111 11 1 11 Not including China or South Korea 4 4 4 16 3 3 3 2 2 14 2 13 Europe 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

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5 5 5 5 21 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 19 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 41 4 17 Asia 3 3 16 2 2 2 11 2 Not including China 111 1 1 14 1 Australia 13 9 8 11

4 3 3 3 7 7 2 1 1 1 1 1 South Korea 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 Asia 10 Not including China

4 4 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 111 1 1 PAanamaustralia

Panama City

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2 2 1 Panama

Panama City

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5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 33 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Asia Not including China or South Korea

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5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 Asia Not including China World’s 100 Tallest Analysis also joined the ranks as the 12th-tallest building to complete in 2014. The completions of these two structures are important milestones in a

100 3 long and often tortuous rebuilding process after the attacks of Sept. 11, 100 100 98 6 3 6 3 5 4 3 3 93 3 22 30 92 11 13 4 2001. Meanwhile, midtown New York marked the completion of , 36 80 a 306-meter residential tower. All of these completions point toward 80 79 a resurgent skyscraper city in New York, which is one of the reasons 43 CTBUH will hold its 2015 conference there. See more here. 44 60

51 In Canada, each of Toronto’s trio of residential tower completions, 40 ranging in height from 200 to 272 meters, has hosted a tour of the intrepid CTBUH Canada Chapter, including a snowbound trudge 29 20 through the appropriately named ICE Condos at York Centre. 20

South America 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2014 South America welcomed its first supertall, the Torre Costanera of 100 tallest buildings by location Santiago, Chile, which was also the only building of 200 meters or North America Asia Middle East Europe greater to complete on the continent in 2014. In 2013, Panama City,

South America Australia Central America Africa technically in Central America, completed two buildings of 200 meters or greater, and in 2011 was the global record-holder, with 10 completions, but rested in 2014.

100 10 9 9 5 4 3 3 11 16 6 8 12 4 6 3 3 3 5 4 89 89 5 Completions by Function 87 88 88 87 87 85 80 25 9 The decline in the number of all-office buildings completed in each 36 successive year since 1970 appears to have reversed a little in 2014. In

60 2014, 47 all-office buildings of 200-plus meters’ height were completed, 59 versus 23 in 2013.

40 39 The number, though not the proportion, of mixed-use buildings to complete in 2014 also increased, to 26 (27% of the total), up from 22 20 (31% of the total) in 2013. All-residential buildings made up 20% of completions in 2014, at 19 total.

0 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2014 100 tallest buildings by function Completions by Structural Material A majority of tall buildings completed in 2014 were of composite Office Mixed-use construction – 52 out of 97 (54%) as compared to 24 out of 71 (34%) Hotel Residential in 2013, while the number of buildings whose predominant structural material is concrete declined to 37 of 97 completed (34%) in 2014, from 43 of 71 (61%) in 2013. The use of steel actually increased a little, to 5% of completions, over 3% in 2013. 100 8 3 3 4 5 98 98 9 4 96 95 23 33 39 31 89 12 80 11 18 67 The World’s 100 Tallest Buildings: Impact of 2014 60 21 41 55 43 In 2014, the number of buildings entering the World’s 100 Tallest list was 13, one more than in 2013. The shortest building on the 100 Tallest 40 41 list in 2013 was the Columbia Center, Seattle, at 284.4 meters. In 2014, the shortest building became the 291.6-meter SEG Plaza in Shenzhen, 20 21 having moved down the rung from number 87 to number 100. The 13 average height of buildings in the 100 Tallest list has thus increased to 0 350 meters in 2014 from 344 meters in 2013 – the figure in 2000 was 1940 2000 2010 1930 1950 1970 1990 1960 1980 2014 285 meters. 100 tallest buildings by structural material The number of office towers in the 100 Tallest ranking continues to decline, Steel Concrete Composite with 39 all-office buildings, down from 42 in 2013. In context, as recently as Mixed Unknown 2000, 85 of the world’s 100 tallest buildings were office buildings.

World’s 100 Tallest Buildings by location, function, and material © CTBUH

The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 2014 Year in Review report www.ctbuh.org Number of Buildings Entering the World’s 100 Tallest List by Year 18 18

16 16

14 14 13 13

12 12 12 12 12 11 11

10 10 10 9 9

8 8 8 8 8 8 8 7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3

2 2 1 Number of buildings entering the World’s 100 Tallest Buildings List Tallest 100 World’s the Number of buildings entering

As “surge,” a number of tall buildings enter the 100 Tallest Buildings list each year. Since 2010, at least 12 buildings have entered the list annually. With high projected supertall numbers for 2015 and 2016 completions, it might not be long before we see a year pass the 2011 record © CTBUH

In the 100 Tallest rankings, 39 buildings were composite construction, vs. The other major trend that would seem to justify further analysis is 36 in 2013. Despite the somewhat surprising increase in 2014, all-steel the increase in the number of office buildings, something that has continued its decline as a primary structural material, comprising only not happened since the previous record year of 200-meter-plus five of 2014’s completions and 13 of the world’s 100 tallest buildings. completions across the board that occurred in 2011. The use of all-steel structures also increased slightly, which is counter to the overall trend of a steep decline since 2000. These 2014 figures are likely correlated. Analysis The reason most office skyscrapers were historically made of steel is due to the spanning capabilities that steel affords the large, column- What can be made of this skyscraper surge? It could very well be that free spaces office tenants desired. But in the past decade, the use of pent-up demand has returned to real-estate markets after a lull during the composite construction, such as outriggers, braced megaframes and recession. Now that six years have passed since the global economic crisis/ concrete-encased steel – most often working in conjunction with a recession began in 2008, and given the long gestation and construction concrete core -- has risen with the increasing number of mixed-use periods common to tall buildings (see our report from CTBUH Journal buildings, and has provided the flexibility needed to accommodate all 2014 Issue IV for the 14 longest construction periods – some exceed 28 kinds of uses in one building. On its face, then, the small uptick in all- years!), we are almost certainly seeing a post-recessionary recovery. steel use this year seems somewhat anomalous.

Clearly, the Chinese juggernaut has not yet run out of steam. The The number of all-steel cases is small enough to analyze as a group. country continues to see new 200-meter-plus completions in cities All of the buildings have an office component, but two are mixed- that previously had few or no such buildings, indicating that the use. Three of the five buildings completed are in Japan, which has massive plan to urbanize the country – requiring the urban relocation extremely high seismic requirements. The methods used to satisfy of some 250 million people – is underway. Its effects have begun to those requirements, such as base isolation and in-plane dampers, are percolate into smaller regional cities beyond the first tier of Beijing, easier to implement in steel. Also, steel has inherent flexural properties , Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and . It is tempting, but superior to that of concrete. The Cathay Life Xinyi A3 building in Taiwan dangerous, to take this as an undiluted sign of economic health, as the is an office building in a high seismic zone as well. London’s Leadenhall Chinese national and regional governments are principal stakeholders Building, which entirely consists of office space for lease, had many in many of these projects, and the “cause and effect” of the situation particular site constraints that resulted in prefabrication being selected is not always clear (see the research paper “The Emergence of Asian as the optimal construction method. Steel lends itself to the lifting and Supertalls” in CTBUH Journal 2014 Issue IV). Is the government adjustment requirements of prefabrication, of course, and the project’s subsidizing tall buildings in order to attract businesses, and in architect, Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners, is widely known for its use of anticipation of future masses, or are business and population needs expressive steel exoskeletons in its work (see the Case Study in CTBUH organically driving growth? Journal 2013 Issue II).

The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 2014 Year in Review report www.ctbuh.org 140 Tall Buildings 200 Meters or Taller Completed Each Year from 1960 to 2016 135 130 130

120

110 110

105

100 97

1100 In the 2013 study (which was conducted 90 1,065 before the end of the year so as to release 1,040 1000 Total Number of 200m+ Buildings in 935 the study at year end), CTBUH projected 73 900 buildings as having been completed in Existence in Each Decade from 1920 to 2015 81 838 2013. That number has been revised to 71 80 this year, based on the following updates: 800 767 73 The Central Bank of Kuwait was originally listed 696 700 as having completed in 2013; however, no 71 71 information since the beginning of 2014 has 70 615 600 validated this. The completion date for this building has now been revised to 2015.

500 The Aiqun Towers (1 and 2) of Guangzhou, China were included in the original 2013 total. Since 60 400 then it has been determined that the buildings are actually 192 meters high, which removes the buildings from the 200m+ sample.

Number of buildings 200 m+ completed each year 300 266 Added to 2013 Completion List: 50 50 48 200 The ASE Center R2 in Chongqing, China, was 147 completed in 2013 but was not confirmed at the 105 time of the 2013 study. This has now been 87 100 71 68 77 102 confirmed, and thus added retroactively to the 50 59 28 15 24 2013 completions list. 40 2 6 11 11 3 5 11 1 1 2 2 2 3 0 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

32 31 31 30 27

25 23 22

19 20 18 18 18 17 17 15 15 13 13 13 11 11 10 9 9 9 9 10 8 8 8 7 7 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 2012 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2013 2014 2015 2010 2016

Notes: Number of 200 m+ buildings Projected number of 200 m+ buildings 1. We can predict 2015–2016 building completions with some accuracy due to projects now in advanced construction. A range is given to indicate the challenging factors in Number of supertalls (300 m+) Projected number of supertalls (300 m+) predicting building completion dates. 2. Totals after 2001 take into account the destruction of Number of megatalls (600 m+) Projected number of megatalls (600 m+) the World Trade Center Towers 1 and 2.

Tall buildings 200 meters or taller completed each year from 1960 to 2016, Inset: Total Number of 200m+ Buildings in Existence © CTBUH

Thoughts on 2015 may not be as soon as January, but the inside word is that the project will be up and running soon, and will complete in 2015. If anything, 2015 promises to be more active than 2014 and indeed, any • Global: The US Department of Agriculture’s $2 million Tall Wood year previous. We currently project the completion of between 105 and Building Prize Competition will announce the winner in February 130 buildings of 200 meters’ height or greater, eight to 15 of which will 2015, who will then go on to construct a wood building based on be supertalls, and one of which will be a megatall – . their design of at least 24 meters’ height. With numerous projects Once again, China is expected to lead by a wide margin. China is on under design and construction, it’s looking like 2015 will be a critical track to complete or top out 106 buildings of 200 meters or greater – year in the development of this new/old building technology. that’s 86% of the low-range estimate (105) and 72% of the high end estimate (130). • Dubai: The long-planned Burj 2020 is back in action, according to CTBUH insiders. In late 2014, shortlisted architecture- Here are some of the other developments we’ll be watching closely in 2015: engineering teams were being interviewed, making the claimed • New York: Construction of the B2 modular tower at Pacific Park, start of construction in 2015 seem plausible. If the 660-meter Brooklyn, stalled in September 2014 due to a legal dispute between tower’s developers want to keep its original plan to have the contractor Skanska and developer Forest City Ratner as the team highest , it will have to top the ’s struggled with a methodology custom-developed for the project. It 555.7-meter perch.

The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 2014 Year in Review report www.ctbuh.org • London: Late in 2014, the beleaguered Pinnacle, a mere “stump” since in 2015, snatching the prize from its 352-meter neighbor, OKO 2011 due to the recession, was promised another lease on life under South Tower, which will finish sooner. PLP Architecture and new owners Axa / Lipton Rogers. By April, we expect to see revealed a “fundamental redesign” of the 64-story tower, • Kuala Lumpur: As of December 2014, the developers behind that provides a larger amount of public space, and will likely eliminate KL118, formerly known as Menara Warisan Merdeka, said the the spiraling shape that Londoners called “the Helter Skelter.” tower’s foundation work would be completed by the third quarter of 2015. At that point the main contractor will have been identified • Jeddah: The 167-floor, 1,000-meter Kingdom Tower broke ground and the eyes of Malaysians will start training higher to determine in June 2013 and reached up to ground level by late April 2014. KL118’s place in the sky. The first 10 floors had risen by December 2014 – a rate of about 1.25 floors per month. At that rate, by the end of 2015, the 25th • Changsha: Sadly, Changsha’s J220, a planned 838-meter, floor should be completed. If the building is to complete on 220-story building to be constructed entirely of prefabricated schedule in 2019, however, it will have to speed up. At the current modules in a space of seven to nine months, appears to have pace, Kingdom would just make 85 floors by then. stopped. Even after numerous reports of its cancelation due to regulatory concerns, Broad Group chairman Zhang Yue had vowed • Las Vegas: The erstwhile Harmon Hotel, a planned 47-story the project would continue, but there was no sign of it during a building, was stopped in 2008, having completed only 26 stories, September 2014 visit to the Broad Group campus in Changsha as after it was determined to be structurally unsound due to part of the CTBUH 2014 Conference Regional Tours. However, the construction defects. The deconstruction began in June of 2014, tour did observe a 59-story tower under construction, which, if and should complete in June 2015. The traditional Vegas-style completed, would still likely be the world’s tallest prefabricated implosion was eschewed due to its proximity to the surrounding building. Whether this will happen in 2015 is anyone’s guess. $8.5 billion CityCenter. The Projected Tallest 10 Buildings to Complete in 2015 • Shanghai: The 632-meter Shanghai Tower will complete in the first half of the year, becoming the tallest building in China and the Asia Middle East North America Europe Click building name to see Skyscraper Center profile world’s second-tallest building. The project is also highly anticipated Structural Rank Building Name Location Floors Height (m) Function due to its extensive use of double-skin façades and skygardens Material 1 Shanghai Tower Shanghai 128 632 hotel / office composite • Shenzhen: The 660-meter Ping An Finance Center, set to become serviced 2 Dubai 101 427 apartments / concrete China’s tallest, and the world’s second-tallest building on hotel completion in 2016, will likely “top out” at its ultimate height by 3 New York City 85 426 residential concrete mid-2015, our sources say. The schedule has remained largely 4 Capital Market Authority Tower Riyadh 79 385 office composite intact, in spite of unexpected delays, such as a 2013 investigation 5 Eton Place Dalian Tower 1 Dalian 80 383 hotel / office composite residential / 6 Federation Towers - Vostok Tower Moscow 95 373 concrete into possible inferior concrete in its supply chain. hotel / office residential / 7 OKO - South Tower Moscow 85 352 concrete • Moscow: The burgeoning Moscow-City complex has begun to hotel 8 Tower 2 Shenyang 68 351 office composite pick up pace, after several economy-related delays and at least one fire. The Vostok Tower, at 373 meters the higher of the two 9 ADNOC Headquarters Abu Dhabi 76 342 office concrete Federation Towers, will also become the tallest building in Europe 9 Ahmed Abdul Rahim Al Attar Tower Dubai 76 342 residential steel/concrete

For More Information, Contact: Adjustments to Previous Figures Daniel Safarik Center, the CTBUH’s database of tall buildings, is the primary source of data for all of our published studies. We strive to keep The Skyscraper Center as accurate as possible Editor / Media Relations throughout the year. Inevitably, some information will come to light that was not available at +1-312-567-3476 the time research was concluded for the yearly report. This is because the data needs to be [email protected] “frozen” before the year’s end, so that the report and analysis can be delivered in early January of the next year. This is the case with our Year in Review of 2013, published in early January About the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat: 2014. The careful reader will note that the reported figure of 73 completions in 2013 has now been adjusted to 71. The following changes accounted for this adjustment: Founded in 1969, the Council’s mission is to disseminate multi- disciplinary information on tall buildings and sustainable urban Removed from 2013 Completion List (three buildings): environments, to maximize the international interaction of • The Central Bank of Kuwait was originally listed as having completed in 2013; professionals involved in creating the built environment, and to make however, no information since the beginning of 2014 has validated this. The the latest knowledge available to professionals in a useful form. completion date for this building now has been revised to 2015. • The Aiqun Towers (1 and 2) of Guangzhou, China were included in the original 2013 The Council is an international not-for-profit organization supported total. Since then, it has been determined that the 200-meter figure attributed to the by architecture, engineering, planning, development and buildings was not correct (it was actually 192 meters), which removes the buildings construction professionals. The CTBUH is the world’s leading body in from the sample, which only includes buildings of 200 meters or higher. the field of tall buildings and the recognized source of information Added to 2013 Completion List (one building): on tall buildings internationally. It is the arbiter of the criteria upon • The ASE Center R2 in Chongqing, China, was completed in 2013 but this information which tall building height is measured, and thus the title of “The was not confirmed at the time of the 2013 study. This has now been confirmed, thus it World’s Tallest Building” determined. was added retroactively to the 2013 completions list.

The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 2014 Year in Review report www.ctbuh.org All Buildings 200 meters or Taller Completed in 2014 (97 no.) Asia Australia Middle East North America South America Europe Click building name to see Skyscraper Center profile

Structural Structural Rank Building Name Location Floors Height (m) Function Rank Building Name Location Floors Height (m) Function Material Material

1 One World Trade Center New York City 94 541 office composite 49 One Shangri-la Place North Tower Mandaluyong 64 227 residential concrete

2 World Trade Center Abu Dhabi - The Residences Abu Dhabi 88 381 residential concrete 49 One Shangri-la Place South Tower Mandaluyong 64 227 residential concrete

3 The Wharf Times Square 1 Wuxi 68 339 hotel / office composite Agricultural Science and 51 Harbin 43 226 office composite Technology International Center 4 Wuxi Suning Plaza 1 Wuxi 68 328 hotel / office composite 52 The Leadenhall Building London 50 224 office steel 5 Moi Center Tower A Shenyang 75 311 hotel / office composite 53 Al Jawhara Tower Jeddah 48 224 residential concrete residential / 6 Burj Rafal Riyadh 68 308 concrete hotel 54 The Bay Gate Dubai 53 221 office concrete residential / 7 One57 New York City 75 306 steel/concrete hotel 55 Knightsbridge Residences 60 220 residential concrete 8 Wuxi Maoye City - Marriott Hotel Wuxi 68 304 hotel composite 56 Kunming Iron and Steel Building Kunming 50 219 hotel / office composite 9 Heung Kong Tower Shenzhen 61 303 hotel / office composite 57 Development Bank Building Wuhan 51 219 office composite 10 Torre Costanera Santiago 62 300 office concrete 58 Zhejiang International Building Wuhan 48 216 office composite hotel / office 11 Abeno Harukas Osaka 60 300 steel / retail 59 Tianjin Kerry Center R1 Tianjin 59 215 residential composite 12 4 World Trade Center New York City 65 298 office composite 59 Tianjin Kerry Center R2 Tianjin 59 215 residential composite residential / 13 R&F Yingkai Square Guangzhou 66 296 composite hotel / office 59 Tianjin Kerry Center R3 Tianjin 59 215 residential composite Busan International Finance Center 14 Busan 63 289 office concrete Landmark Tower 62 Cathay Life Xinyi A3 Taipei 46 212 office steel

15 Soochow International Plaza East Tower Huzhou 50 288 hotel / office composite 63 Xindi Center Office Tower 1 Hefei 50 211 office concrete

15 Soochow International Plaza West Tower Huzhou 50 288 residential composite 64 Jushang Plaza Liuzhou 42 211 office concrete

17 World Trade Center Abu Dhabi - The Offices Abu Dhabi 60 278 office concrete 65 Crowne Plaza Tower 1 Chongqing 50 210 hotel concrete residential / 18 Lotte Center Hanoi 66 272 composite 65 Crowne Plaza Tower 2 Chongqing 50 210 hotel concrete hotel / office 19 Aura at College Park Toronto 78 272 residential concrete 67 KKR2 Tower Kuala Lumpur 37 210 office concrete

20 Fortune Financial Centre Beijing 61 267 office composite 68 Wall Street Plaza Nanchang 50 209 office composite

21 PTJ International Finance Center Wuhan 56 264 hotel / office composite 69 Huabang World Trade City Tower 1 Hefei 50 209 office composite

22 SunnyWorld Center Shenyang 59 260 hotel / office concrete 70 Hubin Plaza Taiyuan 47 208 office composite

23 Yuyang Tower Fuzhou 56 260 office composite 71 Hanjiang International Tower Wuhan 41 207 office composite

Chongqing International Trade 72 Ciputra World Residential Tower Jakarta 49 207 residential concrete 24 Chongqing 47 256 office composite and Commerce Center 2 73 GT Land Landmark Plaza North Tower Guangzhou 46 207 office composite hotel / residential / 74 L Tower Toronto 58 205 residential concrete 25 Toranomon Hills Tokyo 52 256 office / steel exhibition / 75 Wanyin International 2 Hangzhou 43 205 office composite retail

26 Prima Pearl Apartments Melbourne 72 254 residential concrete 76 Cross Strait Exchange Center Phase 2 Tower A Xiamen 49 205 office composite residential / 27 Raffles Hotel Jakarta 52 253 concrete 76 Cross Strait Exchange Center Phase 2 Tower B Xiamen 49 205 office composite hotel 28 The Pakubuwono Signature Jakarta 50 252 residential concrete 78 Glory International Center Chongqing 45 204 hotel / office Unknown

29 Altez @ Anson Enggor Street Singapore 62 250 residential concrete 79 Ice Condos at York Centre 1 Toronto 57 202 residential concrete residential / 80 Maslak Spine Tower Istanbul 47 202 concrete 30 Center 66 Tower 1 Wuxi 44 250 office composite office

31 Haihang International Plaza Tower A Haikou 54 250 hotel / office composite 81 Shenglong Center Fuzhou 44 202 office composite

32 Infinity Brisbane 81 249 residential concrete 82 Provincial Cultural Center Building 2 Jinan 48 200 office composite

33 Chengdu International Finance Square 1 Chengdu 48 248 office composite 83 City Center Hotel Doha 58 200 hotel concrete residential / 83 Shangri-La Hotel Doha 58 200 concrete 33 Chengdu International Finance Square 2 Chengdu 48 248 office composite hotel

35 Asia Pacific Tower & Jinling Hotel Nanjing 57 242 hotel / office composite 85 Dicara Gold Tower - Hilton Hotel Hangzhou 55 200 hotel Unknown residential / 86 Merwebhotel City Center Doha 51 200 concrete 36 Crystal Tower Kuwait City 52 240 office concrete hotel

37 Yuexing Universal Mall Tower A Shanghai 45 240 office composite 87 R&F Center Tower 1 Tianjin 47 200 office composite

37 Yuexing Universal Mall Tower B Shanghai 45 240 office composite 87 R&F Center Tower 2 Tianjin 47 200 residential composite residential / 39 Makati 67 239 concrete 89 International Islamic Tower Doha 46 200 office concrete hotel 40 Tsingdao Center Tower A Qingdao 51 238 office composite 90 Wangjing SOHO Beijing 45 200 office composite

serviced 91 Wanyin International 3 Hangzhou 41 200 office composite 40 Tsingdao Center Tower B Qingdao 51 238 apartments / composite hotel 92 Golf Hotel Nantong 40 200 hotel / office composite 42 SunnyWorld Center Main Tower Nanchang 53 236 office composite 92 Zhengzhou Resources Center Zhengzhou 40 200 office composite Louvre International Furniture 43 Foshan 43 236 office concrete office / Headquarters Building 92 Folkart Tower A Izmir 40 200 concrete residential residential / 44 The Buildings By Daman Dubai 65 235 concrete 95 Binhai Cathay Tower Tianjin 37 200 office composite hotel / office

45 Ligao International Nanchang 42 232 office concrete 96 The Yomiuri Shimbun Building Tokyo 33 200 office steel

46 Sankee Plaza Nanning 50 231 office composite 97 Guangzhou Greenland Baiyun Center Guangzhou 200 office composite

47 Grand Riviera Suites Manila 57 230 residential concrete

48 Bofu International Plaza Office Tower Changsha 60 228 office composite

The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 2014 Year in Review report www.ctbuh.org 2014 Year in Review: In Photographs

2014 Tallest #7: One57, New York City, 306 meters © Daniel Harrison

2014 Tallest #10: Torre Costanera, Santiago, 300 meters, 2014 Tallest #12: 4 World Trade Center, New York City, © Pablo Blanco 298 meters © Silverstein Properties

2014 Tallest #1: One World Trade Center, New York City, 541 meters © John Cahill

2014 Tallest #6: Burj Rafal, Riyadh, 308 meters 2014 Tallest #11: Abeno Harukas, Osaka, 300 meters © Hisao Suzuki (cc-by-sa) King Eliot

The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 2014 Year in Review report www.ctbuh.org 2014 Tallest #13: R&F Yingkai Square, Guangzhou, 296 meters © Goettsch Partners

2014 Tallest #18: Lotte Center, Hanoi, 272 meters 2014 Tallest #32: Infinity, Brisbane, 249 meters © © 2014 Callison LLC DBI Design

2014 Tallest #14: Busan International Finance Center Landmark Tower, Busan, 289 meters (CC BY-NC) Jens Olaf

2014 Tallest #17: World Trade Center Abu Dhabi - The Offices, Abu Dhabi, 278 meters © Foster + Partners 2014 Tallest #33: Chengdu International Finance Square 1 and 2, Chengdu, 248 meters © Wharf Holdings Ltd.

The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 2014 Year in Review report www.ctbuh.org 2014 Tallest #40: Tsingdao Center Towers A & B, Qingdao, 238 meters 2014 Tallest #79: Ice Condos at York Centre 1, 2014 Tallest #89: International Islamic Tower, Doha, © Christian Gahl Toronto, 202 meters © Terri Meyer Boake 200 meters © William Maibusch

2014 Tallest #90: Wangjing SOHO T3, Beijing, 200 meters © Feng Chang

2014 Tallest #52: The Leadenhall Building, London, 224 meters, © Richard Bryant, Courtesy 2014 Tallest #80: Maslak Spine Tower, 2014 Tallest #96: The Yomiuri Shimbun of British Land/Oxford Properties Istanbul, 202 meters © iki design group Building, Tokyo, 200 meters © Harunori Noda

The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 2014 Year in Review report www.ctbuh.org The 20 Tallest Buildings Completed in 2014

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 =15 =15 17 18 19 20

2 1 3 4 World Trade Center One World Trade The Wharf Times Abu Dhabi – The Wuxi Suning Plaza 1 Center Square 1 Residences Wuxi, China New York City, USA Wuxi, China Abu Dhabi, UAE 328 meters (1,076 ft) 541 meters (1,776 ft) 339 meters (1,112 ft) 381 meters (1,251 ft)

5 6 7 8 Wuxi Maoye City – Moi Center Tower A Burj Rafal One57 Marriott Hotel Shenyang, China Riyadh, Saudi Arabia New York City, USA Wuxi, China 311 meters (1,020 ft) 308 meters (1,010 ft) 306 meters (1,005 ft) 304 meters (997 ft)

9 10 11 12 4 World Trade Heung Kong Tower Torre Costanera Abeno Harukas Center Shenzhen, China Santiago, Chile Osaka, Japan New York City, USA 303 meters (994 ft) 300 meters (984 ft) 300 meters (984 ft) 299 meters (977 ft)

14 =15 =15 13 Soochow Soochow Busan International R&F Yingkai Square International Plaza International Plaza Finance Center Guangzhou, China West Tower East Tower Busan, South Korea 296 meters (972 ft) Huzhou, China Huzhou, China 289 meters (948 ft) 288 meters (945 ft) 288 meters (945 ft)

17 19 20 World Trade Center 18 Aura at Fortune Financial Abu Dhabi – Lotte Center College Park Centre The Offices Hanoi, Vietnam Toronto, Canada Beijing, China Abu Dhabi, UAE 272 meters (892 ft) 272 meters (892 ft) 267 meters (876 ft) 278 meters (912 ft)

The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 2014 Year in Review report www.ctbuh.org The World’s Tallest Building Completed Each Year

800 m Burj Khalifa 828 m/2,717 ft One World Trade Center Dubai 541 m/1,773 ft New York City 700 m Shanghai World Financial Center Makkah Royal Tower Hotel 492 m/1,614 ft 601 m/1,972 ft Shanghai

600 m Trump International Hotel & Tower JW Marriott Marquis 508 m/1,667 ft 423 m/1,389 ft Hotel Dubai Tower 2 KK100 Taipei Chicago 355 m/1,116 ft 442 m/1,449 ft Dubai Years Average Shenzhen 500 m 2013 394 Emirates Tower One Two International Finance Centre 355 m/1,163 ft 412 m/1,352 ft Shimao International Plaza 2012 388 Dubai Hong Kong 333 m/1,094 ft Shanghai 2011 374 400 m Rose Rayhaan Menara Telekom Tower by Rotana 2010 366 323 m/1,058 ft 310 m/1,017 ft 333 m/1,093 ft Gold Coast 2009 344 Kuala Lumpur 302 m/992 ft Dubai Riyadh 2008 339 300 m 2007 331 2006 329 2005 327 200 m 2004 325 2003 320 2002 317 100 m 2001 316 2000 315 1999 310 800 m 2001 2011 2014 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2012 2013

700 m Years Average Average - Yearly Completions 2015 365 Years Average 2014 350 2015 245 600 m 2013 344 2014 241 The Average Height of the Tallest Buildings 2012 341 2013 241 2011 331 2012 250 The average height of the 100 tallest buildings in existence around the world that year 500 m 2010 323 2011 245 The average height of all 200m+ buildings completed that year 2009 307 2010 255 2008 304 2009 230 400 m 2007 297 2008 245 2007 236 Tallest 100: 2006 295 Tallest 100: Tallest 100: Tallest 100: 344 meters 350 meters Tallest 100: 341 meters 2006 237 331 meters 2005 292 300 m Tallest 100: Tallest 100: 323 meters Tallest 100: Tallest 100: Tallest 100: Tallest 100: 304 meters 307 meters 2005 228 Tallest 100: Tallest 100: Tallest 100: Tallest 100: 297 meters 2004 290 290 meters 292 meters 295 meters 285 meters 286 meters 284 meters 286 meters 2010 Average: 2012 Average: 2003 286 2004 247 2000 Average: 2004 Average: 2008 Average: 255 meters 2011 Average: 2013 Average: 2014 Average: 2003 Average: 2006 Average: 2007 Average: 250 meters 243 meters 2001 Average: 247 meters 2005 Average: 245 meters 2009 Average: 245 meters 241 meters 241 meters 2002 Average: 233 meters 237 meters 236 meters 73 Buildings 71 Buildings 2003 233 23 Buildings 227 meters 18 Buildings 228 meters 48 Buildings 230 meters 81 Buildings 2002 284 200 m 223 meters 27 Buildings 32 Buildings 71 Buildings 97 Buildings 31 Buildings 31 Buildings 50 Buildings 23 Buildings 16 Buildings 2001 283 2002 223 2000 281 2001 227 2001 2011 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 1999 277 2000 243 1999 246

The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 2014 Year in Review report www.ctbuh.org