DOCSLIB.ORG

Space Exploration #17.Pptx

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Space Exploration #17.Pptx 21-01-03 Rocketry Pioneers Space Exploration Part 1 • Konstantin Tsiolkovsky • Robert Goddard • Hermann Oberth • Wernher von Braun • Sergei Korolev PAA Novice Class # 16 January 8, 2021 NASA Brett Hardy First Artificial Satellite American Response Sputnik I- October 4, 1957 • Explorer I Sputnik II • Vanguard Sputnik III Smithsonian National Air & Space Museum NASA 1 21-01-03 Luna Program First Manned Launch • Luna 2 • Yuri Gagarin • Launched September 12, 1959 • April 12, 1961 • Impact September 14th • One, 108 minute orbit Russian Academy of Sciences First American in Space Sun • Alan Shepard • Pioneer 5 – 9 (1960 – 1983) • May 5, 1961 • Helios A & B (1974 – 1985) • Suborbital 15 minute flight • SOHO (1996 - Present • John Glenn • Stereo A & B (2006 -2016) • February 20, 1962 • 3 orbits, 4 hours 55 minutes ESA/NASA 2 21-01-03 Mercury Venus • Mariner 10 (1974 – 1975) • Venera 1 – 16 (1961 – 1984) • Messenger (2008 – 2015) • Mariner 2, 5, 10 (1962 – 1974) • Pioneer Venus Orbiter (1978 – 1992) • Pioneer Venus Multiprobe (1978) • Vega 1 & 2 (1985) • Magellan (1990 – 1994) NASA NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution Low Earth Orbit: Space Stations Low Earth Orbit: Satellites • Salyut 1 • Anik Communication Satellites • April 19, 1971 • Mir • Anik A1: November 9, 1972 • February 20, 1986 - 1996 • Skylab • May 14, 1973 – February 1974 • ISS • 1998 – Present • First crew: November 2, 2000 NASA Telesat Canada 3 21-01-03 Earth’s Moon • First explored extraterrestrial object • Most explored extraterrestrial object • Race to the Moon • Mercury • Gemini • Apollo Brett Hardy Creative Commons Mars Jupiter • Mariner 4 (1965) • Pioneer 10 – 11 (1973, 1974) • Mars 2 (1971 – 1972) • Voyager 1 & 2 (1979) • Phobos 2 (1989) • Galileo Orbiter (1995 – 2003) • Mars Pathfinder/Sojourner (1997) • Juno (2016 – 2018) • Mars Global Surveyor (1997 – 2006) • Nozomi (2003) • Mars Express (2003 – Present) • Mars Exploration Rovers (2003 – Present) • Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (2006 – Present) • Mars Science Laboratory 2011 – Present) NASA NASA 4 21-01-03 Saturn Uranus • Pioneer 11 (1979) • Voyager 2 (1986) • Voyager 1 & 2 (1980, 1981) • Cassini (2004 – 2017) NASA NASA Neptune Pluto • Voyager 2 (1989) New Horizons (2015 – Present) NASA NASA 5 21-01-03 Asteroids Comets • Galileo: Gaspera & Ida (1991, 1993) • ICE: 21P/Giacobini-Zinner (1986) • NEAR: 433 Eros (1997 – 2001) • Vega 1 & 2: 1P/Halley (1986) • Hayabusa 1: 25143 Itokawa (2018) • Suisei: 1P/Halley (1986) • dawn: Vesta & Ceres (2011, 2015) • Giotto: 1P/Halley (1986) • Hayabusa 2: Ryugu (2018) • deep Space 1: 19P/Borrelly (2001) • OSIRIS-REx: Bennu (2018) • CONTOUR: 2P/Encke (2003) • Stardust:81P/Wild (2004) • deep Impact: 9P/Tempel (2005) • Rosetta: 67P/Churyumov- Gerasimenko (2014 – 2016) Russian Academy of Sciences Kuiper Belt & Beyond Kuiper Belt & Beyond • Pioneer 10 & 11 • Ground based telescopes • Voyager 1 & 2 • Space Telescopes • New Horizons NASA 6 21-01-03 Cosmology Next Month Novice Class # 17 • Bell Labs: Arno Penzias & Robert Wilson Space Exploration Part 2 • RELIKT-1: Soviet • COBE February 5, 2021 • WMAP NASA 7 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Planetary Exploration : Progress and Promise
    PLANET ARY EXPLORATION PROGRESS AND PROMISE CONTENTS: NASA PLANETARY EXPLORATION PLANS: SIGNIFICANT EVENTS PLANETARY EXPLORATION PROGRESS-1978 NASA SPACE SCIENCE PROGRAM FUNDING: 5 -YEAR PLAN NASA OSS 5-YEAR PLAN: PLANETARY PROGRAM FUNDING REFERENCE COP'I PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE compiled by Dr. Leonard Srnka, Staff Scientist Lunar and Planetary Institute 3303 NASA Road One Houston, Texas 77058 Lunar and Planetary Institute Contribution No. 297 (June 1978 update> NASA PLANETARY EXPLORATION PLANS SIGNIFICANT EVENTS MISSION EVENTS PIONEER VENUS ORBITER ORBIT INSERTION, DECEMBER 1978 PIONEER VENUS MULTIPROBE VENUS ENCOUNTER/ENTRY, DECEMBER 1978 PIONEER 11 SATURN ENCOUNTER, SEPTEMBER 1979 VOYAGER 1 JUPITER ENCOUNTER, MARCH 1979 SATURN ENCOUNTER, NOVEMBER 1980 VOYAGER 2 JUPITER ENCOUNTER, JULY 1979 SATURN ENCOUNTER, AUGUST 1981 URANUS ENCOUNTER, JANUARY 1986 SOLAR MAXIMUM MISSION LAUNCH, OCTOBER 1979 VENUS ORBITAL IMAGING RADAR VENUS ENCOUNTER, SPRING 1985 SOLAR POLAR MISSION JUPITER ENCOUNTER, 1984 SOLAR POLES PASSAGE, 1986 GALILEO MISSION MARS FLYBY, APRIL 1982 JUPITER ENCOUNTER (ORBIT INSERTION/ PROBE ENTRY), 1985 COMET HALLEYlTEMPEL, . 2'J MISSION• HALLEY ENCOUNTER, NOVEMBER 1985 TEMPEL 2 ENCOUNTER, JULY 1988 or COMET ENCKE RENDEZVOUS ENCKE ENCOUNTER, 1987 MARS GEOCHEMICAL ORBITER MARS ENCOUNTER, 1987 MARS SAMPLE RETURN MARS ENCOUNTER, 1989 EARTH RETURN, 1991 SATURN ORBITER DUAL PROBE SATURN ENCOUNTER, 1992 from NASA Headquarters 5-year plan May 1978 PLANETARY EXPLORATION -- PROGRESS AND PROMISE CONTENT S: Planetary exploration progress - 1977 fig. 1 The future fig. 2 Inner planets plan fig. 3 Outer planets plan fig. 4 Small bodies plan fig. 5 compiled by Dr. Leonard Srnka, Staff Scientist LUNAR SCIENCE INSTITUTE 3303 NASA Road One Houston, TX 77058 September 1977 LUNAR SCIENCE INSTITUTE CONTRIBUTION No.
    [Show full text]
  • Venus Exploration Opportunities Within NASA's Solar System Exploration Roadmap
    Venus Exploration Opportunities within NASA's Solar System Exploration Roadmap by Tibor Balint1, Thomas Thompson1, James Cutts1 and James Robinson2 1Jet Propulsion Laboratory / Caltech 2NASA HQ Presented at the Venus Entry Probe Workshop European Space Agency (ESA) European Space and Technology Centre (ESTEC) The Netherlands January 19-20, 2006 By Tibor Balint, JPL, November 8, 2005 Balint, JPL, November Tibor By 1 Acknowledgments • Solar System Exploration Road Map Team • NASA HQ – Ellen Stofan – James Robinson –Ajay Misra • Planetary Program Support Team – Steve Saunders – Adriana Ocampoa – James Cutts – Tommy Thompson • VEXAG Science Team – Tibor Balint – Sushil Atreya (U of Michigan) – Craig Peterson – Steve Mackwell (LPI) – Andrea Belz – Martha Gilmore (Wesleyan University) – Elizabeth Kolawa – Michael Pauken – Alexey Pankine (Global Aerospace Corp) – Sanjay Limaye (University of Wisconsin-Madison) • High Temperature Balloon Team – Kevin Baines (JPL) – Jeffery L. Hall – Bruce Banerdt (JPL) – Andre Yavrouian – Ellen Stofan (Proxemy Research, Inc.) – Jack Jones – Viktor Kerzhanovich Other JPL candidates – Suzanne Smrekar (JPL) • Radioisotope Power Systems Study Team – Dave Crisp (JPL) – Jacklyn Green Astrobiology – Bill Nesmith – David Grinspoon (University of Colorado) – Rao Surampudi – Adam Loverro By Tibor Balint, JPL, November 8, 2005 Balint, JPL, November Tibor By 2 Overview • Brief Summary of Past Venus In-situ Missions • Recent Solar System Exploration Strategic Plans • Potential Future Venus Exploration Missions • New Technology
    [Show full text]
  • Mission Overview the Pioneer Mission Set the Stage for U.S. Space
    Mission Overview The Pioneer mission set the stage for U.S. space exploration. Pioneer 1 was the first manmade object to escape the Earth's gravitational field. Later Pioneer 4 was the first spacecraft to fly to the moon, Pioneer 10 was the first to Jupiter, Pioneer 11 was the first to Saturn and Pioneer 12 was the first U.S. spacecraft to orbit another planet, Venus. The following table summarizes the Pioneer spacecraft and scientific objectives of the Pioneer mission. Name Launch Mission Status (as of 1998) ----------------------------------------------------------------- Pioneer 1 1958-10-11 Moon Reached altitude of 72765 miles Pioneer 2 1958-11-08 Moon Reached altitude of 963 miles Pioneer 3 1958-12-02 Moon Reached altitude of 63580 miles Pioneer 4 1959-03-03 Moon Passed by moon into solar orbit Pioneer 5 1960-03-11 Solar Orbit Entered solar orbit Pioneer 6 1965-12-16 Solar Orbit Still operating Pioneer 7 1966-08-17 Solar Orbit Still operating Pioneer 8 1967-12-13 Solar Orbit Still operating Pioneer 9 1967-11-08 Solar Orbit Signal lost in 1983 Pioneer E 1969-08-07 Solar Orbit Launch failure Pioneer10 1972-03-02 Jupiter Communication terminated 1998 Pioneer11 1972-03-02 Jupiter/Saturn Communication terminated 1997 Pioneer12 1978-05-20 Venus Entered Venus atmos. 1992-10-08 The focus of this document is on Pioneer Venus (12), the last spacecraft in a mission of firsts in space exploration. Probe Separation: Pioneer Venus separated into two spacecraft on Aug 8, 1978: an Orbiter (PVO) and a Multiprobe. The latter was separated into five separate vehicles near Venus.
    [Show full text]
  • Pioneer Venus Multiprobe Entry Telemetry Recovery
    TDA Progress Report 42-57 March and April 1980 Pioneer Venus Multiprobe Entry Telemetry Recovery R. B. Miller TDA Mission Support and R. Ramos Ames Research Center The Entry Phase of the Pioneer Venus Multiprobe Mission involved data transmission over only a two-hour span. The criticality of recovery of those two hours of data, coupled with the fact that there were no radio signals from the Probes until their arrival at Venus, dictated unique telemetry recovery approaches on the ground. The result was double redundancy, use of spectrum analyzers to aid in rapid acquisition of the signals; and development of a technique for recovery of telemetry data without the use of real-time coherent detection, which is normally employed by all other NASA planetary missions. I. Introduction ing telemetry data for deep space missions. See Refs. 1 and 2 Two aspects of the Pioneer Venus Multiprobe Mission for descriptions of the general problem of communications at dictated unique approaches to the telemetry recovery com­ interplanetary distances and the· techniques used for NASA pared to other NASA planetary missions: the number of planetary missions. The ground equipment ordinarily used for spacecraft that simultaneously transmitted data and the telemetry recovery in a deep-space mission will be briefly two-hour duration of one-chance prime data transmission. described for completeness and to develop the framework to Since the four Probes entered the Venusian atmosphere understand why a second method of telemetry recovery was essentially simultaneously, each of two large antenna ground felt to be necessary. stations that could view the entry had to be able to acquire the signal and recover the information content from four separate Fundamental to all deep space communications to date has spacecraft simultaneously.
    [Show full text]
  • Activity 19: Space Probes the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’S (NASA’S) Automated Spacecraft for Solar System Exploration Come in Many Shapes and Sizes
    Activity 19: Space Probes The.National.Aeronautics.and.Space.Administration’s.(NASA’s).automated. spacecraft.for.Solar.System.exploration.come.in.many.shapes.and.sizes.. For.the.early.planetary.reconnaissance.missions,.NASA.employed.a.highly. successful.series.of.spacecraft.called.the.Mariners..Their.flights.helped. shape.the.planning.of.later.missions..Between.1962.and.1975,.seven.Mariner. missions.conducted.the.first.surveys.of.our.planetary.neighbours.in.space. All.of.the.Mariners.used.solar.panels.as.their.primary.power.source..The. first.and.the.final.versions.of.the.spacecraft.had.two.wings.covered.with. photovoltaic.cells..Other.Mariners.were.equipped.with.four.solar.panels. extending.from.their.octagonal.bodies.. Although.the.Mariners.ranged.from.the.Mariner.2.Venus.spacecraft,.weighing. in.at.203.Kilograms,.to.the.Mariner.9.Mars.Orbiter,.weighing.in.at.947. Kilograms,.their.basic.design.remained.similar.throughout.the.program..The.Mariner.5.Venus.spacecraft,.for.example,. had.originally.been.a.backup.for.the.Mariner.4.Mars.flyby..The.Mariner.10.spacecraft.sent.to.Venus.and.Mercury.used. components.left.over.from.the.Mariner.9.Mars.Orbiter.program.. In.1972,.NASA.launched.Pioneer.10,.a.Jupiter.spacecraft..Interest.was.shifting.to.four.of.the.outer.planets.-.Jupiter,. Saturn,.Uranus.and.Neptune.-.giant.balls.of.dense.gas.quite.different.from.the.terrestrial.worlds.we.had.already.surveyed.. Four.NASA.spacecraft.in.all.-.two.Pioneers.and.two.Voyagers.-.were.sent.in.the.1970’s.to.tour.the.outer.regions.of.our. Solar.System..Because.of.the.distances.involved,.these.travellers.took.anywhere.from.20.months.to.12.years.to.reach.their.
    [Show full text]
  • ", Nationaf A^Ropatas Aficf ,- Space Admnsttafoav.. NOTE to EDITORS: This Fact Sheet Outlines the Tiission and Basic Scientific Rationale for Pioneer Venus '78
    https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19760014152 2020-03-22T15:28:27+00:00Z a S3 fl t t CO —t K) «f O ", NationaF A^ropatAs aficf ,- Space Admnsttafoav.. NOTE TO EDITORS: This fact sheet outlines the tiission and basic scientific rationale for Pioneer Venus '78. - It is suggested that it be retained,in your files for future reference. CONTENTS Pioneer Venus 1978: Summary . 1-2 Why Pioneer Venus? . 3-5 The Mission 6-10 Scientific Instruments ... 11—14 Scientific Investigations .. ;..... i. ; . ..... 15-28 The Spacecraft ..;.... .•'-. ... ^ . ... ... ... ... 29-37. Tracking and Data Acquisition.... .... 37 Ground Data System V. ... ....!.. ......... .'... 37. .'. Launch Vehicle .'. .... ...... ,....., .... .... ..... ... 37-38 For Further Information: •' : • Nicholas Pahagakos. .: "••'..' . " .-. ..""" " Headquarters, Washington., D..C-. .... -. (Phone: .- 202/755-3680) ; , Peter Waller Ames Research Center," Mountain .View,. ..Calif (Phone: 415/965-5091) t \ RELEASE NO: 76-53 r PIONEER,VENUS 1978 ; ; : ' •-;-;- :' :. .. "..-•. •--' ' ' •. ,. SUMMARY ... ..." . ..' .-. ::::.V: NASA will send both an orbiter and a multiprobe space- craft to Venus in 1978 to conduct a detailed scientific examination of the planet's atmosphere and weather. The information they gather may help us learn more about the forces that drive the weather on our own planet. The orbiter will be launched in May arid inserted into Venusian orbit in December; the multiprobe spacecraft will be launched in August and the probes will enter the Venusian atmosphere six days after arrival of the orbiter. The spin-stabilized multiprobe spacecraft consists of a bus, a large probe, and three identical small probes, each carrying a complement of scientific instruments.. The probes will be released from the bus 20 days prior to arrival at"Venus.: ••••••••:•• -••-.; ~.
    [Show full text]
  • Venus Geophysical Explorer
    Destination Venus: Science, Technology and Mission Architectures Overview: Purpose of Workshop James Cutts, Jet Propulsion Lab, California Institute of Technology International Planetary Probe Workshop 2016 June 11, 2016 Outline • Venus in a historical context • A Brief History of Robotic Exploration of Venus • Future Venus Mission Opportunities • International Collaboration • Venus Exploration Assessment Group (VEXAG) • Objectives of this course • Conclusions IPPW-13 Short Course-1 Venus throughout history • Brightest planet in the sky – The morning star – The evening star • Mythology and ancient astronomers – Mayan –Babylonian • Age of the telescope – Discovery of the first planetary atmosphere – Transits of sun – the distance between Earth and Sun [Hall IPPW-13 Short Course-2 International Collaboration for Venus Explorattion-3 Venus in a Historical Context and Popular Culture Lucky Starr and the Oceans of Venus, Juvenile Sci Fi Novel, 1955 The Mekon Ruler of Venus, British SF Comic Book, 1958 Queen of Outer Space, Movie, 1958 with Zsa New York Times Zsa Gabor 11/16/1928 IPPW-13 Short Course-4 A brief history of Venus Robotic Exploration • The first spacecraft to reach Venus was Mariner 2, a flyby mission in 1962. • The Soviet Union played the dominant role in Venus Exploration for the next 20 years with a series of orbiters, landers and the VeGa (Venus-Halley) mission in 1985 which also deployed two balloons at Venus. • From 1989-1994, the NASA Magellan mission produced detailed radar maps of the surface of Venus following earlier less capable US and Soviet radar missions. • In 2005, the ESA Venus Express mission was launched and for the last decade has investigated the atmosphere of Venus.
    [Show full text]
  • Tracing the Dynamics in Venus' Upper Atmosphere
    Tracing the Dynamics in Venus’ Upper Atmosphere by Amanda S. Brecht A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Atmospheric and Space Sciences) in The University of Michigan 2011 Doctoral Committee: Research Professor Stephen W. Bougher, Chair Professor Emeritus Andrew F. Nagy Associate Professor Edwin A. Bergin Assistant Professor Christiane Jablonowski Assistant Research Scientist Christopher D. Parkinson c Amanda S. Brecht 2011 All Rights Reserved ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS As I began graduate school I was told the journey ahead was like a marathon. Along this journey I tackled mentally challenging problems. I learned how to think analytically, ask questions, take risks, and not to be afraid of being wrong. I have learned more about myself and science than I ever thought I would. My journey would not have been possible without the many people who cheered me on, encouraged me, and helped me through the tough stretches. Special thanks go to Dr. Janet Luhmann for providing the opportunity to work as a summer intern at Space Sciences Laboratory, UC Berkeley, and encouraging my curiosity in space science. Also I thank her for her continuing support through my years in graduate school. Another person responsible for my being here is Professor Andrew F. Nagy who called and asked me honestly “Are you serious about wanting to come to graduate school?” That call helped me make a very important decision in my life. He has been my “grandfather” advisor for all these years and has provided support and guidance whenever I needed it. Next, I would like to acknowledge my “coach” in this marathon, my adviser Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • NASA News National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, D.C
    NASA News National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, D.C. 20546 AC 202 755-8370 For Release THURSDAY July 27, 1978 Pr6SS Kit Project Pioneer Venus 2 RELEASE NO: 78-101 CNASA-Ne»s-Eelease-78-101) SECOND VENOS N78-28105 SPACECBAFT SET FOB LAUNCH {National Aeronautics and Space Administration) 120 p CSCL 22A CJnclas 00/1_2 27327 Contents V* i GENERAL RELEASE ^At^S^T. 1-6 MISSION PROFILE 7-24 Pioneer Venus Multiprobe Mission 13-24 THE PLANET VENUS 25-40 MAJOR QUESTIONS ABOUT VENUS 41-42 HISTORICAL DISCOVERIES ABOUT VENUS 43-45 EXPLORATION OF VENUS BY SPACECRAFT 46-47 THE PIONEER VENUS SPACECRAFT 48-62 The Orbiter Spacecraft 53-58 The Multiprobe Spacecraft 58-62 VENUS ATMOSPHERIC PROBES 63-76 The Large Probe 63-70 The Small Probe 70-76 11 SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS 77-97 Orbiter 77-85 Orbiter Radio Science 85-88 Large Probe Experiments 88-92 Large and Small Probe Instruments 92-93 Small Probe Experiments 94 Multiprobe Bus Experiment 94-95 Multiprobe Radio Science Experiments 95-96 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS AND SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 97-100 LAUNCH VEHICLE 101-102 LAUNCH FLIGHT SEQUENCE 102 LAUNCH VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS , . 103 ATLAS CENTAUR FLIGHT SEQUENCE (AC-50) 104 LAUNCH OPERATIONS 105 MISSION OPERATIONS 105-107 DATA RETURN, COMMAND AND TRACKING 108-111 PIONEER VENUS TEAM 112-114 CONTRACTORS 114-117 VENUS STATISTICS 118 NOTE TO EDITORS; This press kit covers the launch phase of the Pioneer Venus Multiprobe spacecraft and cruise phases of both the Pioneer Venus Orbiter and the Multiprobe spacecraft. Much of the material is also pertinent to the Venus encounter, but an updated press kit will be issued shortly before arrival at the planet in December 1978.
    [Show full text]
  • Our Planets at a Glance
    made startling new discoveries. Our Planets But the past 20 years have been the golden age of planetary exploration. Advancements in rocketry during the 1950s enabled mankind's machines to At a Glance break the grip of Earth's gravity and travel to the Moon and to other J'!)lanets. { From our watery world we have gazed upon the American expeditions have explored the Moon, cosmic oeean for untold thousands of years. The our robot craft have landed on and reported from ancient astronomers observed' points of light the surfaces of Venus and Mars, our spacecraft which appeared to wander among the stars. They have orbited and provided much information about called these objects planets, which means wan­ Mars and Venus, and have made cl0se ran@e derers, and named them after great mythological ebservations while flying past Mereu. Jupiter, deities-Jupiter, king of the Roman gods; Mars, and Saturn. the Roman god of war; Mercury, messenger of the These voyagers brought a quantum leap in our gods; Venus, the Roman god of love and beauty; knowledge and uneerstanding of the solar system. and Saturn, father of Jupiter and god of Througn the electronic sight and otliler "senses" agriGulture. of our automated probes, color and eomplexion Science flourished during the European Renais­ have been given to worlds that existed for cen­ sance. Fundamental physical laws governing turies as fuzzy disks or indistinct points ef light. planetary motion were discovered and the orbits Future historians will likely. view these pioneer­ of the planets around the Sun were calculated. In ing flights to the planets as one of the most the 17th Century, astr:onomers pointed a new remarkable human achievements of the 20th device called the telescoJl)e at the heavens and Century.
    [Show full text]
  • General Disclaimer One Or More of the Following Statements May Affect
    General Disclaimer One or more of the Following Statements may affect this Document This document has been reproduced from the best copy furnished by the organizational source. It is being released in the interest of making available as much information as possible. This document may contain data, which exceeds the sheet parameters. It was furnished in this condition by the organizational source and is the best copy available. This document may contain tone-on-tone or color graphs, charts and/or pictures, which have been reproduced in black and white. This document is paginated as submitted by the original source. Portions of this document are not fully legible due to the historical nature of some of the material. However, it is the best reproduction available from the original submission. Produced by the NASA Center for Aerospace Information (CASI) 4 . } NASA TECHNICAL NASA TM X- 62,450 MEMORANDUM a Ln N X H a V1 za FUTURE EXPLORATION OF VENUS (POST—PIONEER VENUS 1978) Lawrence Colin, Lawrence C. Evans, Ronald Greeley, William L. Quaide, r Richard W. Schaupp, Alvin Seiff, and Richard E. Young p t Ames Research Center Moffett Field, California 94035 ^^o,^-^^6^y^^1^^^^^^ January 1976 APP. 197P RECEIVED NASA STI FACILITY rro - INPUT BRANCH <<^ c? 'V (NASA — TM— X-62450) FUTURE EXPLORATION OF N76-22128 VENUS (POST — PIONEER VENUS 1978) (NASA) 219 p HC $7.75 CSCL 03B Unclas G3/91 21553 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3, Recipient's Catalog No. NASA TM X-62,450 4. Title and Subtitle S. Report hate FUTURE EXPLORATION OF VENUS (Post--Pioneer Venus 2978) I 6, Performing organization Code k 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Typical Spacecraft Contents
    Appendix A: Typical Spacecraft This appendix contains descriptions and images of a dozen spacecraft selected from the many that are currently operating in interplanetary space or have successfully completed their missions, plus one that is now preparing for launch. Included is at least one representative of each of the eight spacecraft classifications described in Chapter 7 (see page 243). The scheme of limiting coverage of each spacecraft to a two-page spread in this appendix allows the reader to easily compare the various craft, their specifications, their missions, and their classifications, but it does not allow room to list all of a spacecraft’s activities, discoveries and questions raised; indeed entire books can and have been written on each. Complete profiles of these and other spacecraft are, how- ever, readily available at a single web site: http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary. Contents: Spacecraft Classification Page Voyager Flyby 294 New Horizons Flyby 296 Spitzer Observatory 298 Chandra Observatory 300 Galileo Orbiter 302 Cassini Orbiter 304 Messenger Orbiter 306 Huygens Atmospheric 308 Phoenix Lander 310 Mars Science Laboratory Rover (launch: 2009) 312 Deep Impact Penetrator 314 Deep Space 1 Engineering 316 294 Appendix A: Typical Spacecraft The Voyager Spacecraft Fig. A.1. Each Voyager spacecraft measures about 8.5 meters from the end of the science boom across the spacecraft to the end of the RTG boom. The magnetometer boom is 13 meters long. Courtesy NASA/JPL. Classification: Flyby spacecraft Mission: Encounter giant outer planets and explore heliosphere Named: For their journeys Summary: The two similar spacecraft flew by Jupiter and Saturn.
    [Show full text]