DOCSLIB.ORG

Planetary Exploration : Progress and Promise

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

PLANET ARY EXPLORATION PROGRESS AND PROMISE CONTENTS: NASA PLANETARY EXPLORATION PLANS: SIGNIFICANT EVENTS PLANETARY EXPLORATION PROGRESS-1978 NASA SPACE SCIENCE PROGRAM FUNDING: 5 -YEAR PLAN NASA OSS 5-YEAR PLAN: PLANETARY PROGRAM FUNDING REFERENCE COP'I PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE compiled by Dr. Leonard Srnka, Staff Scientist Lunar and Planetary Institute 3303 NASA Road One Houston, Texas 77058 Lunar and Planetary Institute Contribution No. 297 (June 1978 update> NASA PLANETARY EXPLORATION PLANS SIGNIFICANT EVENTS MISSION EVENTS PIONEER VENUS ORBITER ORBIT INSERTION, DECEMBER 1978 PIONEER VENUS MULTIPROBE VENUS ENCOUNTER/ENTRY, DECEMBER 1978 PIONEER 11 SATURN ENCOUNTER, SEPTEMBER 1979 VOYAGER 1 JUPITER ENCOUNTER, MARCH 1979 SATURN ENCOUNTER, NOVEMBER 1980 VOYAGER 2 JUPITER ENCOUNTER, JULY 1979 SATURN ENCOUNTER, AUGUST 1981 URANUS ENCOUNTER, JANUARY 1986 SOLAR MAXIMUM MISSION LAUNCH, OCTOBER 1979 VENUS ORBITAL IMAGING RADAR VENUS ENCOUNTER, SPRING 1985 SOLAR POLAR MISSION JUPITER ENCOUNTER, 1984 SOLAR POLES PASSAGE, 1986 GALILEO MISSION MARS FLYBY, APRIL 1982 JUPITER ENCOUNTER (ORBIT INSERTION/ PROBE ENTRY), 1985 COMET HALLEYlTEMPEL, . 2'J MISSION• HALLEY ENCOUNTER, NOVEMBER 1985 TEMPEL 2 ENCOUNTER, JULY 1988 or COMET ENCKE RENDEZVOUS ENCKE ENCOUNTER, 1987 MARS GEOCHEMICAL ORBITER MARS ENCOUNTER, 1987 MARS SAMPLE RETURN MARS ENCOUNTER, 1989 EARTH RETURN, 1991 SATURN ORBITER DUAL PROBE SATURN ENCOUNTER, 1992 from NASA Headquarters 5-year plan May 1978 PLANETARY EXPLORATION -- PROGRESS AND PROMISE CONTENT S: Planetary exploration progress - 1977 fig. 1 The future fig. 2 Inner planets plan fig. 3 Outer planets plan fig. 4 Small bodies plan fig. 5 compiled by Dr. Leonard Srnka, Staff Scientist LUNAR SCIENCE INSTITUTE 3303 NASA Road One Houston, TX 77058 September 1977 LUNAR SCIENCE INSTITUTE CONTRIBUTION No. 297 PLANETARY EXPLORATION PROGRESS - 1977 (\({/] ACCOMPLISHED � APPROVED UNDER STUDY EXTENDED EXPLORATION, MANNED D DETAILED STUDY, RESOURCE UTILIZATION LANDING �USSR MINERALOGY. PETROLOGY, SAMPLE AGE DATING, EXOBIOLOGY RETURN EXTENDED SURFACE MEASUREMENTS ROVER SURFACE COMPOSITION, GEOLOGY, EXOBIOLOGY LANDER DETAILED ATMOSPHERIC ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE. COMPOSITION PROBE GLOBAL GEOLOGY. GEOCHEMISTRY. POLAR GEOPHYSICS, ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS ORBITER SURFACE MAPPING, PRELIMINARY ATMOSPHERIC & MAGNETOSPHERIC SURVEY ORBITER GROSS CHARACTERISTICS, SURFACE FEATURES FLYBY SOLAR SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT INTERPLANET ARV PROBE GENERAL SURVEY TELESCOPES THE FUTURE RECONNAISSANC.E COMETS ASTEROIDS URANUS HALLEY MULTIPLE VOYAGER RENDEZVOUS ASTERIOD EXTENDED RENDEZVOUS MISSION EXPLORATION VENUS SATURN MERCURY VOIR SOP2 MeO INTENSIVE STUDY MARS MOON MARS 84 MSR LPO SPACE UTILIZATION MOON LPO INNER PLANETS PLAN FY 71 FY 71 FY 10 FY 11 FY 12 FY ll FY 114 FY 15 FY H FY 17 FY II FY II FY 90 FY 11 FY 92 FY IJ FY 14 CURRENT PROGRAMS VIKING A DEVELOPMENT START 6 �AUN�H I I PIONEER VENUS Q TARGET-ENCOUNTER FY 79-83 NEW STARTS MARS 1984 VENUS ORB. IMAG. RADAR LUNAR POLAR ORBITER MERCURY ORBITER MARS SAMPLE RETURN NASA ltU SL 111121111 J , .. ,, OUTER PLANETS PLAN FY 71 FY 71 FY 10 FY 11 FY 12 FY 13 FY 14 FY 15 FY 18 FY 17 FY II FY h FY IO FY 91 FY 92 FY 13 FY 14 CURRENT PROGRAMS PIONEER 10 & 11 A DEVELOPMENT START VOYAGER 6 �AUN+ I I lf � Q TARGET ENCOUNTER JUPITER ORBITER/PROBE � ,0 FY 79-83 NEW STARTS ...... ...... SATURN ORB/DUAL PROBE . .... I VOYAGER• URANUS HUl NAIA HO SL 71 2121 ltl 3-24·11 SMALL BODIES PLAN FY 71 FY 71 FY IO FY 11 FY 12 FY 13 FY 14 FY 115 FY 16 FY 17 FY II FY 11 FY 90 FY 11 FY 12 FY 13 FY 14 CURRENT PROGRAMS I I I I NONE A DEVELOPMENT START 6 :LAUNfH I I Q FY 79-83 NEW STARTS TARGET-ENCOUNTER HALLEY RENDEZVOUS I® .......... ASTEROID MUL T, REND NASA HQ IL 1111n ltt :112t n NASA-JSC PLANETARY EXPLORATION PROGRESS - 1978 □ ACCOMPLISHED APPROVED � EXTENDED EXPLORATION, MANNED UNDER STUDY DETAILED STUDY, RESOURCE UTILIZATION LANDING □ MINERALOGY, PETROLOGY, SAMPLE, AGE DATING, EXOBIOLOGY RETURN EXTENDED SURFACE ROVER MEASUREMENTS SURFACE COMPOSITION, LANDER GEOLOGY, EXOBIOLOGY DETAILED ATMOSPHERIC ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE, COMPOSITION PROBE GLOBAL GEOLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, POLAR GEOPHYSICS, ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS ORBITER SURFACE MAPPING, PRELIMINARY ATMOSPHERIC & MAGNETOSPHERIC SURVEY ORBITER GROSS CHARACTERISTICS, FLYBY SURFACE FEATURES INTERPLANETARY SOLAR SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT PROBE GENERAL SURVEY TELESCOPES NASA SPACE SCIENCE PROGRAM FUNDING 5 - YEAR PLAN 1200 Cl) a: <( 1000 _J _J 0 0 I- I.LI 800 TOTAL PROGRAM 0 :::> \ Ill O> SCIENCES ,.._ � 600 >- I&. I&. 0 400 zCl) 0 SOLA R TERRESTRIAL _J _J i 200 ASTROPHYSICS 0 1 1 1 1 '78 '79 80 81 82 83 FISCAL YEAR NASA 5-YR PLAN PLANETARYoss PROGRAM FUNDING 450 375 SATURN ORBITER <(/)- DUAL PROBE :e 300 a:: I- 225 Cl ::) Ill 150 GALILEO O>,.._ R 75 MISSION OPERATIONS a DATA ANALYSIS RESEARCH a ANALYSIS 0 1 7 1 7 1 1 1 1 8 9 80 81 82 83 FISCAL YEAR U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1978-771-083/ 2244 .
Recommended publications
  • Appendix 1: Venus Missions

    Appendix 1: Venus Missions

    Appendix 1: Venus Missions Sputnik 7 (USSR) Launch 02/04/1961 First attempted Venus atmosphere craft; upper stage failed to leave Earth orbit Venera 1 (USSR) Launch 02/12/1961 First attempted flyby; contact lost en route Mariner 1 (US) Launch 07/22/1961 Attempted flyby; launch failure Sputnik 19 (USSR) Launch 08/25/1962 Attempted flyby, stranded in Earth orbit Mariner 2 (US) Launch 08/27/1962 First successful Venus flyby Sputnik 20 (USSR) Launch 09/01/1962 Attempted flyby, upper stage failure Sputnik 21 (USSR) Launch 09/12/1962 Attempted flyby, upper stage failure Cosmos 21 (USSR) Launch 11/11/1963 Possible Venera engineering test flight or attempted flyby Venera 1964A (USSR) Launch 02/19/1964 Attempted flyby, launch failure Venera 1964B (USSR) Launch 03/01/1964 Attempted flyby, launch failure Cosmos 27 (USSR) Launch 03/27/1964 Attempted flyby, upper stage failure Zond 1 (USSR) Launch 04/02/1964 Venus flyby, contact lost May 14; flyby July 14 Venera 2 (USSR) Launch 11/12/1965 Venus flyby, contact lost en route Venera 3 (USSR) Launch 11/16/1965 Venus lander, contact lost en route, first Venus impact March 1, 1966 Cosmos 96 (USSR) Launch 11/23/1965 Possible attempted landing, craft fragmented in Earth orbit Venera 1965A (USSR) Launch 11/23/1965 Flyby attempt (launch failure) Venera 4 (USSR) Launch 06/12/1967 Successful atmospheric probe, arrived at Venus 10/18/1967 Mariner 5 (US) Launch 06/14/1967 Successful flyby 10/19/1967 Cosmos 167 (USSR) Launch 06/17/1967 Attempted atmospheric probe, stranded in Earth orbit Venera 5 (USSR) Launch 01/05/1969 Returned atmospheric data for 53 min on 05/16/1969 M.
  • + New Horizons

    + New Horizons

    Media Contacts NASA Headquarters Policy/Program Management Dwayne Brown New Horizons Nuclear Safety (202) 358-1726 [email protected] The Johns Hopkins University Mission Management Applied Physics Laboratory Spacecraft Operations Michael Buckley (240) 228-7536 or (443) 778-7536 [email protected] Southwest Research Institute Principal Investigator Institution Maria Martinez (210) 522-3305 [email protected] NASA Kennedy Space Center Launch Operations George Diller (321) 867-2468 [email protected] Lockheed Martin Space Systems Launch Vehicle Julie Andrews (321) 853-1567 [email protected] International Launch Services Launch Vehicle Fran Slimmer (571) 633-7462 [email protected] NEW HORIZONS Table of Contents Media Services Information ................................................................................................ 2 Quick Facts .............................................................................................................................. 3 Pluto at a Glance ...................................................................................................................... 5 Why Pluto and the Kuiper Belt? The Science of New Horizons ............................... 7 NASA’s New Frontiers Program ........................................................................................14 The Spacecraft ........................................................................................................................15 Science Payload ...............................................................................................................16
  • Space Sector Brochure

    Space Sector Brochure

    SPACE SPACE REVOLUTIONIZING THE WAY TO SPACE SPACECRAFT TECHNOLOGIES PROPULSION Moog provides components and subsystems for cold gas, chemical, and electric Moog is a proven leader in components, subsystems, and systems propulsion and designs, develops, and manufactures complete chemical propulsion for spacecraft of all sizes, from smallsats to GEO spacecraft. systems, including tanks, to accelerate the spacecraft for orbit-insertion, station Moog has been successfully providing spacecraft controls, in- keeping, or attitude control. Moog makes thrusters from <1N to 500N to support the space propulsion, and major subsystems for science, military, propulsion requirements for small to large spacecraft. and commercial operations for more than 60 years. AVIONICS Moog is a proven provider of high performance and reliable space-rated avionics hardware and software for command and data handling, power distribution, payload processing, memory, GPS receivers, motor controllers, and onboard computing. POWER SYSTEMS Moog leverages its proven spacecraft avionics and high-power control systems to supply hardware for telemetry, as well as solar array and battery power management and switching. Applications include bus line power to valves, motors, torque rods, and other end effectors. Moog has developed products for Power Management and Distribution (PMAD) Systems, such as high power DC converters, switching, and power stabilization. MECHANISMS Moog has produced spacecraft motion control products for more than 50 years, dating back to the historic Apollo and Pioneer programs. Today, we offer rotary, linear, and specialized mechanisms for spacecraft motion control needs. Moog is a world-class manufacturer of solar array drives, propulsion positioning gimbals, electric propulsion gimbals, antenna positioner mechanisms, docking and release mechanisms, and specialty payload positioners.
  • Pioneer Anomaly: What Can We Learn from Future Planetary Exploration Missions?

    Pioneer Anomaly: What Can We Learn from Future Planetary Exploration Missions?

    56th International Astronautical Congress, Paper IAC-05-A3.4.02 PIONEER ANOMALY: WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM FUTURE PLANETARY EXPLORATION MISSIONS? Andreas Rathke EADS Astrium GmbH, Dept. AED41, 88039 Friedrichshafen, Germany. Email: [email protected] Dario Izzo ESA Advanced Concepts Team, ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands. Email: [email protected] The Doppler-tracking data of the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft show an unmodelled constant acceleration in the direction of the inner Solar System. Serious efforts have been undertaken to find a conventional explanation for this effect, all without success at the time of writing. Hence the effect, commonly dubbed the Pioneer anomaly, is attracting considerable attention. Unfortunately, no other space mission has reached the long-term navigation accuracy to yield an independent test of the effect. To fill this gap we discuss strategies for an experimental verification of the anomaly via an upcoming space mission. Emphasis is put on two plausible scenarios: non-dedicated concepts employing either a planetary exploration mission to the outer Solar System or a piggybacked micro- spacecraft to be launched from an exploration spacecraft travelling to Saturn or Jupiter. The study analyses the impact of a Pioneer anomaly test on the system and trajectory design for these two paradigms. Both paradigms are capable of verifying the Pioneer anomaly and determine its magnitude at 10% level. Moreover they can discriminate between the most plausible classes of models of the anomaly. The necessary adaptions of the system and mission design do not impair the planetary exploration goals of the missions. I.
  • Venus Exploration Opportunities Within NASA's Solar System Exploration Roadmap

    Venus Exploration Opportunities Within NASA's Solar System Exploration Roadmap

    Venus Exploration Opportunities within NASA's Solar System Exploration Roadmap by Tibor Balint1, Thomas Thompson1, James Cutts1 and James Robinson2 1Jet Propulsion Laboratory / Caltech 2NASA HQ Presented at the Venus Entry Probe Workshop European Space Agency (ESA) European Space and Technology Centre (ESTEC) The Netherlands January 19-20, 2006 By Tibor Balint, JPL, November 8, 2005 Balint, JPL, November Tibor By 1 Acknowledgments • Solar System Exploration Road Map Team • NASA HQ – Ellen Stofan – James Robinson –Ajay Misra • Planetary Program Support Team – Steve Saunders – Adriana Ocampoa – James Cutts – Tommy Thompson • VEXAG Science Team – Tibor Balint – Sushil Atreya (U of Michigan) – Craig Peterson – Steve Mackwell (LPI) – Andrea Belz – Martha Gilmore (Wesleyan University) – Elizabeth Kolawa – Michael Pauken – Alexey Pankine (Global Aerospace Corp) – Sanjay Limaye (University of Wisconsin-Madison) • High Temperature Balloon Team – Kevin Baines (JPL) – Jeffery L. Hall – Bruce Banerdt (JPL) – Andre Yavrouian – Ellen Stofan (Proxemy Research, Inc.) – Jack Jones – Viktor Kerzhanovich Other JPL candidates – Suzanne Smrekar (JPL) • Radioisotope Power Systems Study Team – Dave Crisp (JPL) – Jacklyn Green Astrobiology – Bill Nesmith – David Grinspoon (University of Colorado) – Rao Surampudi – Adam Loverro By Tibor Balint, JPL, November 8, 2005 Balint, JPL, November Tibor By 2 Overview • Brief Summary of Past Venus In-situ Missions • Recent Solar System Exploration Strategic Plans • Potential Future Venus Exploration Missions • New Technology
  • Titan a Moon with an Atmosphere

    Titan a Moon with an Atmosphere

    TITAN A MOON WITH AN ATMOSPHERE Ashley Gilliam Earth 450 – Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn 4/29/13 SATURN HAS > 60 SATELLITES, WHY TITAN? Is the only satellite with a dense atmosphere Has a nitrogen-rich atmosphere resembles Earth’s Is the only world besides Earth with a liquid on its surface • Possible habitable world Based on its size… Titan " a planet in its o# $ght! R = 6371 km R = 2576 km R = 1737 km Ch$%iaan Huy&ns (1629-1695) DISCOVERY OF TITAN Around 1650, Huygens began building telescopes with his brother Constantijn On March 25, 1655 Huygens discovered Titan in an attempt to study Saturn’s rings Named the moon Saturni Luna (“Saturns Moon”) Not properly named until the mid-1800’s THE DISCOVERY OF TITAN’S ATMOSPHERE Not much more was learned about Titan until the early 20th century In 1903, Catalan astronomer José Comas Solà claimed to have observed limb darkening on Titan, which requires the presence of an atmosphere Gerard P. Kuiper (1905-1973) José Comas Solà (1868-1937) This was confirmed by Gerard Kuiper in 1944 Image Credit: Ralph Lorenz Voyager 1 Launched September 5, 1977 M"sions to Titan Pioneer 11 Launched April 6, 1973 Cassini-Huygens Images: NASA Launched October 15, 1997 Pioneer 11 Could not penetrate Titan’s Atmosphere! Image Credit: NASA Vo y a &r 1 Image Credit: NASA Vo y a &r 1 What did we learn about the Atmosphere? • Composition (N2, CH4, & H2) • Variation with latitude (homogeneously mixed) • Temperature profile Mesosphere • Pressure profile Stratosphere Troposphere Image Credit: Fulchignoni, et al., 2005 Image Credit: Conway et al.
  • Mission Overview the Pioneer Mission Set the Stage for U.S. Space

    Mission Overview the Pioneer Mission Set the Stage for U.S. Space

    Mission Overview The Pioneer mission set the stage for U.S. space exploration. Pioneer 1 was the first manmade object to escape the Earth's gravitational field. Later Pioneer 4 was the first spacecraft to fly to the moon, Pioneer 10 was the first to Jupiter, Pioneer 11 was the first to Saturn and Pioneer 12 was the first U.S. spacecraft to orbit another planet, Venus. The following table summarizes the Pioneer spacecraft and scientific objectives of the Pioneer mission. Name Launch Mission Status (as of 1998) ----------------------------------------------------------------- Pioneer 1 1958-10-11 Moon Reached altitude of 72765 miles Pioneer 2 1958-11-08 Moon Reached altitude of 963 miles Pioneer 3 1958-12-02 Moon Reached altitude of 63580 miles Pioneer 4 1959-03-03 Moon Passed by moon into solar orbit Pioneer 5 1960-03-11 Solar Orbit Entered solar orbit Pioneer 6 1965-12-16 Solar Orbit Still operating Pioneer 7 1966-08-17 Solar Orbit Still operating Pioneer 8 1967-12-13 Solar Orbit Still operating Pioneer 9 1967-11-08 Solar Orbit Signal lost in 1983 Pioneer E 1969-08-07 Solar Orbit Launch failure Pioneer10 1972-03-02 Jupiter Communication terminated 1998 Pioneer11 1972-03-02 Jupiter/Saturn Communication terminated 1997 Pioneer12 1978-05-20 Venus Entered Venus atmos. 1992-10-08 The focus of this document is on Pioneer Venus (12), the last spacecraft in a mission of firsts in space exploration. Probe Separation: Pioneer Venus separated into two spacecraft on Aug 8, 1978: an Orbiter (PVO) and a Multiprobe. The latter was separated into five separate vehicles near Venus.
  • NASA History Fact Sheet

    NASA History Fact Sheet

    NASA History Fact Sheet National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of Policy and Plans NASA History Office NASA History Fact Sheet A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION by Stephen J. Garber and Roger D. Launius Launching NASA "An Act to provide for research into the problems of flight within and outside the Earth's atmosphere, and for other purposes." With this simple preamble, the Congress and the President of the United States created the national Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on October 1, 1958. NASA's birth was directly related to the pressures of national defense. After World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union were engaged in the Cold War, a broad contest over the ideologies and allegiances of the nonaligned nations. During this period, space exploration emerged as a major area of contest and became known as the space race. During the late 1940s, the Department of Defense pursued research and rocketry and upper atmospheric sciences as a means of assuring American leadership in technology. A major step forward came when President Dwight D. Eisenhower approved a plan to orbit a scientific satellite as part of the International Geophysical Year (IGY) for the period, July 1, 1957 to December 31, 1958, a cooperative effort to gather scientific data about the Earth. The Soviet Union quickly followed suit, announcing plans to orbit its own satellite. The Naval Research Laboratory's Project Vanguard was chosen on 9 September 1955 to support the IGY effort, largely because it did not interfere with high-priority ballistic missile development programs.
  • The Cassini-Huygens Mission Overview

    The Cassini-Huygens Mission Overview

    SpaceOps 2006 Conference AIAA 2006-5502 The Cassini-Huygens Mission Overview N. Vandermey and B. G. Paczkowski Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 The Cassini-Huygens Program is an international science mission to the Saturnian system. Three space agencies and seventeen nations contributed to building the Cassini spacecraft and Huygens probe. The Cassini orbiter is managed and operated by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The Huygens probe was built and operated by the European Space Agency. The mission design for Cassini-Huygens calls for a four-year orbital survey of Saturn, its rings, magnetosphere, and satellites, and the descent into Titan’s atmosphere of the Huygens probe. The Cassini orbiter tour consists of 76 orbits around Saturn with 45 close Titan flybys and 8 targeted icy satellite flybys. The Cassini orbiter spacecraft carries twelve scientific instruments that are performing a wide range of observations on a multitude of designated targets. The Huygens probe carried six additional instruments that provided in-situ sampling of the atmosphere and surface of Titan. The multi-national nature of this mission poses significant challenges in the area of flight operations. This paper will provide an overview of the mission, spacecraft, organization and flight operations environment used for the Cassini-Huygens Mission. It will address the operational complexities of the spacecraft and the science instruments and the approach used by Cassini- Huygens to address these issues. I. The Mission Saturn has fascinated observers for over 300 years. The only planet whose rings were visible from Earth with primitive telescopes, it was not until the age of robotic spacecraft that questions about the Saturnian system’s composition could be answered.
  • Cassini-Huygens

    Cassini-Huygens

    High Ambitions for an Outstanding Planetary Mission: Cassini-Huygens Composite image of Titan in ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths taken by Cassini’s imaging science subsystem on 26 October. Red and green colours show areas where atmospheric methane absorbs light and reveal a brighter (redder) northern hemisphere. Blue colours show the high atmosphere and detached hazes (Courtesy of JPL /Univ. of Arizona) Cassini-Huygens Jean-Pierre Lebreton1, Claudio Sollazzo2, Thierry Blancquaert13, Olivier Witasse1 and the Huygens Mission Team 1 ESA Directorate of Scientific Programmes, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands 2 ESA Directorate of Operations and Infrastructure, ESOC, Darmstadt, Germany 3 ESA Directorate of Technical and Quality Management, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands Earl Maize, Dennis Matson, Robert Mitchell, Linda Spilker Jet Propulsion Laboratory (NASA/JPL), Pasadena, California Enrico Flamini Italian Space Agency (ASI), Rome, Italy Monica Talevi Science Programme Communication Service, ESA Directorate of Scientific Programmes, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands assini-Huygens, named after the two celebrated scientists, is the joint NASA/ESA/ASI mission to Saturn Cand its giant moon Titan. It is designed to shed light on many of the unsolved mysteries arising from previous observations and to pursue the detailed exploration of the gas giants after Galileo’s successful mission at Jupiter. The exploration of the Saturnian planetary system, the most complex in our Solar System, will help us to make significant progress in our understanding
  • Pioneer Venus Multiprobe Entry Telemetry Recovery

    Pioneer Venus Multiprobe Entry Telemetry Recovery

    TDA Progress Report 42-57 March and April 1980 Pioneer Venus Multiprobe Entry Telemetry Recovery R. B. Miller TDA Mission Support and R. Ramos Ames Research Center The Entry Phase of the Pioneer Venus Multiprobe Mission involved data transmission over only a two-hour span. The criticality of recovery of those two hours of data, coupled with the fact that there were no radio signals from the Probes until their arrival at Venus, dictated unique telemetry recovery approaches on the ground. The result was double redundancy, use of spectrum analyzers to aid in rapid acquisition of the signals; and development of a technique for recovery of telemetry data without the use of real-time coherent detection, which is normally employed by all other NASA planetary missions. I. Introduction ing telemetry data for deep space missions. See Refs. 1 and 2 Two aspects of the Pioneer Venus Multiprobe Mission for descriptions of the general problem of communications at dictated unique approaches to the telemetry recovery com­ interplanetary distances and the· techniques used for NASA pared to other NASA planetary missions: the number of planetary missions. The ground equipment ordinarily used for spacecraft that simultaneously transmitted data and the telemetry recovery in a deep-space mission will be briefly two-hour duration of one-chance prime data transmission. described for completeness and to develop the framework to Since the four Probes entered the Venusian atmosphere understand why a second method of telemetry recovery was essentially simultaneously, each of two large antenna ground felt to be necessary. stations that could view the entry had to be able to acquire the signal and recover the information content from four separate Fundamental to all deep space communications to date has spacecraft simultaneously.
  • Space Exploration #17.Pptx

    Space Exploration #17.Pptx

    21-01-03 Rocketry Pioneers Space Exploration Part 1 • Konstantin Tsiolkovsky • Robert Goddard • Hermann Oberth • Wernher von Braun • Sergei Korolev PAA Novice Class # 16 January 8, 2021 NASA Brett Hardy First Artificial Satellite American Response Sputnik I- October 4, 1957 • Explorer I Sputnik II • Vanguard Sputnik III Smithsonian National Air & Space Museum NASA 1 21-01-03 Luna Program First Manned Launch • Luna 2 • Yuri Gagarin • Launched September 12, 1959 • April 12, 1961 • Impact September 14th • One, 108 minute orbit Russian Academy of Sciences First American in Space Sun • Alan Shepard • Pioneer 5 – 9 (1960 – 1983) • May 5, 1961 • Helios A & B (1974 – 1985) • Suborbital 15 minute flight • SOHO (1996 - Present • John Glenn • Stereo A & B (2006 -2016) • February 20, 1962 • 3 orbits, 4 hours 55 minutes ESA/NASA 2 21-01-03 Mercury Venus • Mariner 10 (1974 – 1975) • Venera 1 – 16 (1961 – 1984) • Messenger (2008 – 2015) • Mariner 2, 5, 10 (1962 – 1974) • Pioneer Venus Orbiter (1978 – 1992) • Pioneer Venus Multiprobe (1978) • Vega 1 & 2 (1985) • Magellan (1990 – 1994) NASA NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution Low Earth Orbit: Space Stations Low Earth Orbit: Satellites • Salyut 1 • Anik Communication Satellites • April 19, 1971 • Mir • Anik A1: November 9, 1972 • February 20, 1986 - 1996 • Skylab • May 14, 1973 – February 1974 • ISS • 1998 – Present • First crew: November 2, 2000 NASA Telesat Canada 3 21-01-03 Earth’s Moon • First explored extraterrestrial object • Most explored extraterrestrial