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Renewable Energies and Green Policy on Octs(2014)

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Renewable Energies and Green Policy on Octs(2014) Study on Renewable Energies and Green Policy in the OCTs Final report May 2014 EuropeAid /127054/C/SER/multi FWCBeneficiariesLot4-N°2012/307921 Study on Renewable Energies and Green Policy in the Overseas Countries and Territories FINAL REPORT May 2014 The project is funded by The project is implemented by the European Union Resources and Logistics “This report was prepared with the financial support of the European Commission and presented by RAL. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the European Commission.” Study on Renewable Energies and Green Policy in the OCTs Final report May 2014 Study on Renewable Energies and Green Policy in the OCTs Final report May 2014 Table of contents 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Context ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Energy challenges ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Economies and institutional framework in the OCTs ..................................................................... 2 1.4 Energy issues of the OCTs .......................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Renewable energy applications .................................................................................................... 3 1.6 Cooperation and Funding opportunities ........................................................................................ 5 1.7 Key recommendations ................................................................................................................ 6 1.8 Roadmaps for the transition to a smart sustainability and adaptation to OCTs .................................. 9 2 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 10 3 GENERAL CONTEXT ................................................................................................................................ 12 3.1 Overview of the energy sector and renewable energy sub-sector................................................... 12 3.2 Context of strong energy dependence of the OCTs ...................................................................... 13 3.3 Involvement of OCTs in the Europe 20/20/20 Goals for sustainable development .......................... 15 3.3.1 The 20/20/20 Goals of the EU Climate and Energy Package ........................................... 15 3.3.2 The progress made so far in the EU Member States for penetration of Renewable Energies ......................................................................................................................................... 17 3.3.3 The OCTs in the context of the EU Member State RE Directive ....................................... 18 3.4 Economic and financial analysis of the energy sector in the OCTs and likely development ............. 18 4 ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN FEATURES OF OCT’S ECONOMIES ........................................................ 21 4.1 Individual reviews .................................................................................................................... 21 Sint Maarten ....................................................................................................................................... 22 4.2 Global analysis of all OCTs or group of OCTs ............................................................................ 28 5 EXISTING RELEVANT STUDIES AND POLICIES ON THE ENERGY SECTOR IN THE OCTS ...... 30 5.1 Individual country reviews ........................................................................................................ 30 5.2 Overview of existing energy situation for all OCTs and groups of OCTs ....................................... 38 5.2.1 Background documentation ............................................................................................... 38 5.2.2 Capacity building in the OCTs ........................................................................................... 39 6 CURRENT ENERGY SITUATION ............................................................................................................ 42 6.1 Individual reviews .................................................................................................................... 42 6.2 Global energy analysis of all OCTs or groups of OCTs................................................................ 49 6.2.1 Installed capacity in power generation .............................................................................. 50 6.2.2 Contribution of renewable energy (RE) to installed electricity capacity ............................ 52 6.2.3 Energy demand trends and patterns ................................................................................. 54 6.2.4 Oil prices, production costs and electricity prices in islands .............................................. 55 7 INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................... 57 7.1 Individual reviews .................................................................................................................... 57 7.2 Global analysis for all OCTs or groups of OCTs ......................................................................... 64 8 COMPANIES AND OTHER ACTORS PRESENT IN THE ENERGY SECTOR ..................................... 68 8.1 Individual reviews .................................................................................................................... 68 Study on Renewable Energies and Green Policy in the OCTs Final report May 2014 8.2 Analysis of Companies and Institutions in all OCTs and Groups of OCTs ..................................... 72 9 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCE POTENTIAL AND ENERGY CONSERVATION OPPORTUNITIES ................................................................................................................................................ 75 9.1 Individual country reviews ........................................................................................................ 75 9.2 Global analysis for all OCTs or groups of OCTs ......................................................................... 87 9.2.1 Analysis of the penetration of RE in OCTs ........................................................................ 87 9.2.2 Conventional RES Applications ......................................................................................... 88 9.2.3 Innovative RES Applications ............................................................................................. 92 9.3 Energy storage and buffering, network adaptation to smart grid ................................................... 99 9.4 Noteworthy RE applications and EE measures .......................................................................... 105 9.5 Energy efficiency and demand side management ...................................................................... 107 10 REGIONAL INITIATIVES AND COOPERATION PROGRAMMES .................................................... 110 10.1 Programmes and projects already completed............................................................................. 110 10.2 Programmes and projects still in execution ............................................................................... 111 10.3 Other international initiatives, partners and instruments ............................................................. 115 10.4 Financial partners and instruments ........................................................................................... 117 11 RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................................................... 129 11.1 On institutional and legal framework ....................................................................................... 129 11.2 On renewable energy development .......................................................................................... 130 11.3 On energy efficiency policy options ......................................................................................... 132 11.4 On funding RE development ................................................................................................... 134 12 SUGGESTED ROAD MAPS FOR THE OCTS ........................................................................................ 138 12.1 Roadmaps for the transition to a smart sustainability ................................................................. 138 12.2 Roadmap adaptation to OCTs .................................................................................................. 143 ANNEXES 1. Energy Profiles of OCTs: Caribbean, Pacific Ocean and Isolated OCTs 2. Renewable Energy technologies and specific applications 3. List of the main documents used for this study 4. Terms of Reference Study on Renewable Energies and Green Policy in the OCTs Final report May 2014 TABLES: Table 1: Geographical location of OCT’s covered in the report and their related Member States to which they are linked Table 2: Share of oil in GDP and total imports Table 3: Share of the various energy form in the world primary energy balance Table 4: Major characteristics of the OCTs’ economy
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