DOCSLIB.ORG

North Atlantic Energy Network January 2016

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
North Atlantic Energy Network January 2016 North Atlantic Energy Network January 2016 Orkustofnun (OS) - National Energy Authority of Iceland Norges Arktiske Universitet (UiT) - The Arctic University of Norway Energy Styrelsen - Danish Energy Agency Jarðfeingi - Faroese Earth and Energy Directorate Shetland Islands Council - Economic Development Service Greenland Innovation Centre 1 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The aim of the North Atlantic Energy Network project was to investigate how isolated energy systems in the North Atlantic can be connected to Norway and Greenland to form an electrical grid in the North Atlantic. Representatives of Greenland, Iceland, Faroe Islands, Shetland and Norway met in Copenhagen in the end of February 2015 to formulate how to tackle this question. Each country documented its status regarding energy production and potentials in the fields of renewable energy and the technological aspects were investigated. Greenland has a big hydropower and solar energy potential, which is not known in detail. Further work is needed to map the potentials. Due to lack of infrastructure and experience a cable connection between Greenland and the neighbouring countries is not realistic in the nearest future. It is technically possible to connect all of the neighbouring countries around Iceland with subsea cables. Iceland now produces about 18 TWh of electricity per year and could have the potential to double the production from geothermal and hydropower alone. There are many unclear aspects that need to be investigated further to draw a full picture of the pros and cons of interconnectors from Iceland. The legal and regulatory framework must be in place before a project of this kind can be realized and extensive grid reinforcements are needed to support export through a cable at a single connection point in Iceland. A 100 MW cable between Iceland and Faroe Islands is possible but might not be economically competitive. Faroe Islands and Shetland have offshore wind conditions on land and large windfarms in Faroe Islands need powerful interconnectors. A large cable from Iceland to Scotland could be laid via the Faroes and Shetland and could possibly transmit energy from Iceland, Shetland and Faroe Islands to Scotland and Europe. A probable synergy effect could be to transmit hydropower from Iceland in summer and windpower from Faroes and Shetland in winter. The submission of Scottish Hydro Electric Transmission’s (SHE-T) needs case for developing a 600 MW transmission cable between Shetland and the UK national grid, is expected to be submitted to the UK electricity regulator Ofgem in 2016. The Shetland to UK interconnector project has been in process for over a decade and is the main focus for harnessing Shetland’s exceptional wind resource. The North Atlantic Energy Network has highlighted the potential for Iceland and Faroe Islands to export renewable energy to electricity markets in the UK, Norway and connect to the wider European grid. Cable routes from Iceland to the UK are currently being investigated and Faroe Islands also have an interest in securing a supply of renewable energy from Iceland. Although the NAEN project has the potential for localized introduction of electricity from renewable resources for both Shetland and oil platforms along the cable route, the economic benefit seems reduced with respect to Norwegian interest. This especially so with the new HVDC subsea interconnector to Great Britain to be finished in 2021. The North Atlantic Energy Network has explored the potential of connecting some of the best renewable energy sources in the Arctic, Nordic and northern European regions to the large energy markets of the UK and European continent. The project has allowed informative exchange of knowledge between the participating regions and organisations. Access and utilization of renewable energy is a key element in fighting global warming. The countries behind the NAEN project could benefit from integrated future cooperation regarding exporting energy and knowledge in this field in the widest sense. A platform to develop this cooperation and mapping the possibilities for future development in this area could be beneficial for all of Europe. 3 4 Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 7 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................... 7 Energy markets in Europe ....................................................................................................................... 8 The North Atlantic Energy network ......................................................................................................... 9 Financing cables ................................................................................................................................ 10 Installation cost ................................................................................................................................. 10 Bipolar v.s. Monopol ..................................................................................................................... 10 Cable size ....................................................................................................................................... 10 Depths ........................................................................................................................................... 11 Prices ............................................................................................................................................. 11 Ships .............................................................................................................................................. 11 Timescale ....................................................................................................................................... 12 Alternating Current (AC) technology ............................................................................................. 12 Transformers, Converter stations ................................................................................................. 12 Surveys .......................................................................................................................................... 12 Operation cost ................................................................................................................................... 12 Lifetime .............................................................................................................................................. 13 Technologies .......................................................................................................................................... 13 Submarine cable faults ...................................................................................................................... 13 Total number of submarine faults reported 1990 to 2005 ........................................................... 13 Windfarms .......................................................................................................................................... 15 Land-based windfarms ...................................................................................................................... 15 Windturbines of different wind classes ............................................................................................ 16 Optimal grid integration .................................................................................................................... 17 Wind energy converters (WEC technology) ...................................................................................... 17 Annular generator ............................................................................................................................. 17 SCADA System ................................................................................................................................... 18 Closed-loop control of the wind farm at the point of connection .................................................... 18 Reactive power capability ................................................................................................................. 18 Power-frequency control .................................................................................................................. 18 Inertia Emulation ............................................................................................................................... 19 Fault Ride Through ............................................................................................................................ 19 Storm control .................................................................................................................................... 19 Offshore Wind Turbines .................................................................................................................... 20 Floating wind turbines in deep water environment ............................................................................. 20 5 Substructures, station keeping and anchoring.................................................................................. 21 Rated power and rotor size ............................................................................................................... 22 Windfloat Portugal ...........................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Methodology of Comparison 2013
    METHODOLOGY OF COMPARISON 2013 Comparative Analysis of Sustainability Performance Methodological Remarks Convinced that a comparison of environmental, social and governance performance is of interest, not only to the Company itself, but also to its stakeholders, certain comparisons between Terna’s results and those of other com- panies are included in the 2013 Sustainability Report, as was the case in the preceding three years. Listed below are the main criteria adopted in the analysis, as an introduction to the reading and interpretation of the comparisons of individual indicators in the Report: • three panels of companies were identified: an industry panel, composed of the European transmission system operators and the major extra-European operators in terms of kilometres of lines managed; and two multi- industry panels, the first relative to large Italian companies (the 40 companies of the FTSE-MIB at 18 December 2013) and the second relative to the best international performers (the 24 world Sustainability Industry Group Leaders, identified by the RobecoSAM sustainability rating agency and disclosed at the publishing of the Dow Jones Sustainability Index of September 2013). The purpose of the three panels is to guarantee, also relative to the type of indicator reviewed, a comparison between companies with the same operational characteristics, an Italian comparison, and a comparison with the top international performers. The Terna figures do not contribute to the calculation of the average in the case of the RobecoSAM – Supersector Leaders panel; • the companies considered from among those in the three panels were those which publicise the information necessary for comparisons either on their websites, through the Sustainability Report (even if not prepared following the GRI guidelines) or through other documentation (HSE Report, financial report, etc.).
    [Show full text]
  • Summer Outlook Report 2012 and Winter Review 2011/2012
    SUMMER OUTLOOK REPORT 2012 AND WINTER REVIEW 2011/2012 European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity An Overview of System Adequacy: Summer Outlook Report 2012 and Winter Review 2011/2012 ENTSO -E Avenue Cortenbergh 100 • 1000 Brussels • Belgium • Tel +32 2 7410950 • Fax +32 2 741 0951 • [email protected] • www.entsoe.eu SUMMER OUTLOOK REPORT 2012 AND WINTER REVIEW 2011/2012 European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 3 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................. 4 3 METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................... 5 3.1 SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND METHODOLOGY ................................................................................... 5 3.2 AIMS AND METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................ 7 4 WINTER REVIEW .................................................................................................... 10 5 SUMMER OUTLOOK ............................................................................................... 11 5.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................... 11 5.2 INDIVIDUAL COUNTRY PERSPECTIVE ANALYSIS .................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • TANBREEZ Project
    TANBREEZ Project Hydropower Plant REP0029, rev. 3 TANBREEZ Project Hydropower plant FINAL August 2013 Project no.: MTH 5302-791261 Document: REP0029 - Hydropower Plant, rev. 3.docx Date: August 2013 Revision: Rev. 3 Prepared by: TGOJ Reviewed by: NPB, P. A. Pedersen A/S Approved by: KUH MT Højgaard Grønland ApS c/o MT Højgaard A/S Knud Højgaards Vej 9 DK-2860 Søborg Tel +45 7012 2400 Fax +45 7013 2421 [email protected] www.mth.dk Reg. no. 16 17 15 30 TANBREEZ Project August 2013 Hydropower Plant Revision: Rev. 3 791261/tgoj Page: 3/24 Table of Contents 1 Introduction ....................................................................... 5 1.1 Background............................................................................ 5 1.2 Base case in the feasibility study .............................................. 5 1.3 Scope of work ........................................................................ 6 1.4 List of abbreviations ................................................................ 6 1.5 Hydropower in Greenland ........................................................ 7 1.6 Overview of the existing power in the area ................................ 8 1.7 TANBREEZ power requirements .............................................. 10 1.8 Sub-conclusion ..................................................................... 11 2 Small hydropower plant options ....................................... 12 2.1 Available information ............................................................ 12 2.2 Description .........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Årsregnskab 2019
    ÅRSREGNSKAB 2019 Transmissionslinje fra Sisimiut vandkraftværk FORORD Et år med medvind og modvind Vi har høje ambitioner i Nukissiorfiit. Der er meget, vi gerne vil udret­ problemer med vandforsyningen i Uummannaq. Der var behov for en te for samfundet og for virksomheden. Det gælder ikke mindst i for­ ekstraordinær indsats for at sikre rent drikkevand til Uummannaq og hold til at bidrage til den grønne omstilling og til at fastholde et lavt genetablere den normale vandforsyning. prisniveau for el, vand og varme. Vi arbejder for miljømæssig og øko­ nomisk bæredygtighed – i Nukissiorfiit og i samfundet. Regnskabet for 2019 viser, at Nukissiorfiits økonomi er lettere udfor­ dret. Vi havde samlet set et mindre underskud på 5 mio. kr., som dog I 2019 har vi kunnet glæde os over, at vi har nået en række af de mål, kunne have været meget værre. Vi formåede imidlertid at fastholde vi har sat os. Vi har dog også mødt udfordringer, som har betydet, at et lavt prisniveau på el, vand og varme på trods af et stigende pres på vi har været nødt til at tilrettelægge en del af vores arbejde anderle­ økonomien fra flere sider. des, end vi forventede ved årets start. I 2019 sagde vi farvel til Nukissiorfiits mangeårige energidirektør, Vi er stolte over, at vi er nået langt med planlægningen af, hvordan vi Michael Pedersen. Indtil der udpeges en ny energidirektør, bestrides kan bruge vedvarende energi over hele landet i stedet for olie. Vi er stillingen af Nukissiorfiits økonomidirektør, Claus Andersen-Aagaard. også stolte over, at vores indsats for høj vandkvalitet i bygderne har betydet, at de sidste kogeanbefalinger blev ophævet i 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • PEFA-Based Assessment of Greenland
    Financed by the European Union PEFA-based Assessment of Greenland EUROPEAID/127054/C/SV/multi Framework contract Beneficiaries – Lot n°11 – Macro Economy, Statistics and Public Finance Management Final Report Client: Development and Co-operation Directorate-General – EuropeAid (DEVCO) Contract 2013/334462 ECORYS MACRO Consortium Implemented by: Peter Jensen 5 August 2014 ECORYS Nederland BV P.O. Box 4175 3006 AD Rotterdam Watermanweg 44 3067 GG Rotterdam The Netherlands T +31 10 453 88 00 F +31 10 453 07 68 E [email protected] W www.ecorys.nl Registration no. 24316726 Dept. of Marketing & Communication T +31 (0)10 453 88 31 F +31 (0)10 453 07 68 Initials Date Author(s) PJ 05/08/2014 Counter-reading FP 23/07/2014 EV 05/08/2014 Lay-out / editing EV 05/08/2014 Table of contents Abbreviations 7 1 Executive Summary 9 2 Introduction 19 2.1 Background 19 2.2 Objectives and Outputs 19 2.3 Methodology 20 3 Relationship with Denmark and the European Union 23 3.1 Relationship with Denmark 23 3.2 Relationship with the European Union 24 4 Macro-Economic Situation and Outlook 27 4.1 Macro-Economic Situation 27 4.2 Fiscal Policy 29 4.3 Municipalities 31 4.4 Public Enterprises 33 4.5 Oil and Mineral Resources 34 4.6 Medium-Term Macro-Economic Outlook 36 5 PFM Review 39 5.1 Background 40 5.2 PFM Out-turns – A. Credibility of the Budget 42 PI-01 Aggregate expenditure out-turn compared to original approved budget 42 PI-02 Composition of expenditure out-turn compared to original approved budget 45 PI-03 Aggregate revenue out-turn compared to original approved budget 48 PI-04 Stock and monitoring of expenditure payment arrears 50 5.3 Key Cross-Cutting Issues – B.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cool 100 Book
    The Cool 100 Book Edited by James Haselip and David Pointing UNEP Risø Centre on Energy, Climate and Sustainable Development Risø DTU National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy P.O. Box 49, 4000, Roskilde Denmark Phone +45 4677 5129 Fax +45 4632 1999 www.uneprisoe.org Publication information ISBN 978-87-550-3880-6 (printed book) ISBN 978-87-550-3881-3 (internet PDF) Graphic design and production by Phoenix Design Aid A/S, CSR certified according to DS 49001, ISO 9001/ ISO 14001certified and approved CO2 neutral company. This publication is printed on FSC certified paper using vegetable- based inks and approved under the Nordic environmental label. The printed matter is CO2 neutral and recyclable. Disclaimer The findings, opinions, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this book are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed in any manner to the UNEP Risø Centre, the United Nations Environment Programme, the Technical University of Denmark, nor to the respective organisations of each individual author. Contents Foreword .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Renewable Energies and Green Policy on Octs(2014)
    Study on Renewable Energies and Green Policy in the OCTs Final report May 2014 EuropeAid /127054/C/SER/multi FWCBeneficiariesLot4-N°2012/307921 Study on Renewable Energies and Green Policy in the Overseas Countries and Territories FINAL REPORT May 2014 The project is funded by The project is implemented by the European Union Resources and Logistics “This report was prepared with the financial support of the European Commission and presented by RAL. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the European Commission.” Study on Renewable Energies and Green Policy in the OCTs Final report May 2014 Study on Renewable Energies and Green Policy in the OCTs Final report May 2014 Table of contents 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Context ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Energy challenges ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Economies and institutional framework in the OCTs ..................................................................... 2 1.4 Energy issues of the OCTs .......................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Renewable energy applications ...................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Cheap, Modern and Green Energy and Water for Everyone
    CHEAP, MODERN AND GREEN ENERGY AND WATER FOR EVERYONE The Government of Greenland rolls out a comprehensive and long-term energy reform – the first step is the big price reductions on electricity and water Summary of the Government of Greenland’s “Sector plan for energy and water supply” – November 2017 The Ministry of Industry, Labour, Trade and Energy Cheap, modern and green energy and water for everyone The Government of Greenland rolls out a comprehensive and long-term energy reform – The first step is the big price reductions on electricity and water Summary of the Government of Greenland’s “Sector plan for energy and water supply” – November 2017 Edit: Beth Werner, journalist Layout & Print: ProGrafisk ApS Published January 2018 Front page photo: ©Tikki Geisler TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword . 4 Price reform – electricity and water will be much cheaper from 1st of January 2018 . 6 Greenland must be much greener in 2030 . 9 Hydropower is a major clean energy source . 11 Solar and wind power will be included in the energy supply . 12 Better supply of clean drinking water . 15 More electric cars in hydro-powered towns . 16 Do not use more energy than necessary . 16 Cooperation and sharing experiences with other countries . 17 The Government of Greenland’s vision and plans – the 2030 energy sector plan summarised in 35 objectives . 18 FOREWORD If our society is to function optimally and more importantly develop, it requires, amongst many things, a well-function- ing public supply of energy and water . “Well-functioning” is understood as being reliable, accessible, environmentally friend- ly and financially beneficial for all citizens, industry, as well as for the public sector .
    [Show full text]
  • Nordic and Baltic Grid Disturbance Statistics 2019
    Nordic and Baltic Grid Disturbance Statistics 2019 Regional Group Nordic European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity Nordic and Baltic Grid Disturbance Statistics 2019 Copyright © 2020 ENTSO-E AISBL Report rendered 22 September 2020. European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity Executive Summary The Nordic and Baltic Grid Disturbance Statistics 2019 gives of the secondary faults were caused by technical equipment, both an overview of the disturbances, faults, and energy not operation and maintenance, and other causes in 2019. How- supplied (ENS) in the Nordic and Baltic transmission sys- ever, other causes were the reason for 71 % of all secondary tems, as well as a deeper dive into the statistics of individual faults ENS. Other causes were also the dominating cause of HVAC components used in the power system. To interpret secondary faults ENS in 2018. the results of the statistics correctly, one must understand the definition of a disturbance and the scope of a fault within 100 it. 80 A fault is defined as the inability of a component to perform Country ) Denmark m its required function, with the addition that faults only are re- p p ( 60 Estonia n o i ported when they result in a trip of one or several breakers. A t Finland p m u Iceland s disturbance is an event including one or more faults. In short, n o Latvia C 40 / a disturbance is a combination of one or several faults as long S Lithuania N as they occur in the same area and time. Disturbances al- E Norway Sweden 20 ways focus on the fault initiating the disturbance.
    [Show full text]
  • PRELIMINARY PROGRAM AS of 16 OCTOBER 2019 Important: This Preliminary Program Is Subject to Changes
    PRELIMINARY PROGRAM AS OF 16 OCTOBER 2019 Important: This preliminary program is subject to changes. It is strongly recommended to check back regularly. TERA SPONSORS GIGA SPONSORS WORKSHOP AMBASSADORS MEDIA PARTNERS ORGANIZER WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY WORKSHOP WINDINTEGRATION TIMETABLE 16 OCTOBER 2019 17 OCTOBER 2019 18 OCTOBER 2019 Wind Workshop Day 1 Wind Workshop Day 2 Wind Workshop Day 3 REDWOOD B REDWOOD C REDWOOD A REDWOOD B REDWOOD C REDWOOD A SESSION 3A: SESSION 3B: SESSION 3C: SESSION 7A: SESSION 7B: SESSION 7C: FREQUENCY WINDEUROPE MODELLING 9:00 – 10:40 GRID FORMING II OFFSHORE WIND FORECASTING II 08:40– 10:40 ASPECTS SESSION POWER COFFEE BREAK (30MIN) COFFEE BREAK (30MIN) FOYER REDWOOD A REDWOOD B REDWOOD C REDWOOD A REDWOOD B REDWOOD C REGISTRATION SESSION 4A: SESSION 4B: SESSION 4C: SESSION 8A: SESSION 8B: SESSION 8C: GRID FORMING I EIRGRID/IRELAND/ FORECASTING I VIRTUAL IEA – ENERGY HARMONICS II 9:00 – 14:00 11:10 – 13:00 11:10 – 13:00 ROCOF SYNCHRONOUS TRANSITION IN MACHINES ASIA LUNCH 12:00 – 14:00 LUNCH 13:00 – 14:00 LUNCH 13:00 – 14:00 REDWOOD A/B/C REDWOOD A REDWOOD B REDWOOD C REDWOOD A REDWOOD B REDWOOD C WELCOME & SESSION 1: SESSION 5A: SESSION 5B: SESSION 5C: SESSION 9A: SESSION 9B: SESSION 9C KEYNOTE SESSION MIGRATE PROJECT IEC TC 88 STANDARD HARMONICS I RESILIENCY HYBRID POWER GRID ASPECTS & PLANTS INTEGRATION 14:00 – 15:40 14:00 – 15:50 14:00 – 15:40 SYSTEM SOLUTIONS RESTORATION GROUP PHOTO / COFFEE BREAK (40MIN) COFFEE BREAK (30 MIN) SHORT BREAK (20 MIN) REDWOOD A REDWOOD B REDWOOD C: REDWOOD A REDWOOD B REDWOOD
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change and Arctic Sustainable Development: Scientific, Social, Cultural and Educational Challenges
    Climate Change and Arctic scientifi c, social, cultural and Sustainable Development educational challenges Climate Change and Arctic Sustainable Development scientific, social, cultural and educational challenges This book should be cited as: UNESCO. 2009. Climate Change and Arctic Sustainable Development: scientific, social, cultural and educational challenges. UNESCO: Paris, 376 pp. This UNESCO publication is a collaborative effort of the: Natural Sciences Sector (SC) and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) Social and Human Sciences Sector (SHS) Culture Sector (CLT) and the World Heritage Centre (WHC) Education Sector (ED) Coordinator Douglas Nakashima, Chief, Small Islands and Indigenous Knowledge Section, SC Intersectoral Team Keith Alverson, Chief, Ocean Observations and Services Section, IOC Fernando Brugman, Section of Intangible Cultural Heritage, CLT Bernard Combes, Education for Sustainable Development Coordination Section, ED John Crowley, Chief, Ethics of Science and Technology Section, SHS Peter Dogsé, Ecological Sciences and Biodiversity Section, SC Cécile Duvelle, Chief, Section of Intangible Cultural Heritage, CLT Tom Gross, Ocean Observations and Services Section, IOC Mechtild Rössler, Chief, Europe and North America Section, WHC Editor Peter Bates, Small Islands and Indigenous Knowledge Section, SC Project Support Team (Small Islands and Indigenous Knowledge Section, SC) Julia Cheftel, Stéphanie Ledauphin, Kremena Nikolova, Donara Sydeeva Ernestine Ngondji, Administrative Office, SC Design & Production
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Information on Projects of Common Interest
    Technical information on Projects of Common Interest accompanying the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/89 of 18 November 2015 amending Regulation (EU) 347/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council on guidelines for trans-European energy infrastructure as regards the Union list of projects of common interest 1. Priority Corridor Northern Seas Offshore Grid ('NSOG') Construction of the first interconnection between Belgium and United Kingdom: No TYNDP Definition Details on location Promoter(s) Type / technology employed Implementation status Date of reference commissioning 1.1 Cluster Belgium — United Kingdom between Zeebrugge and Canterbury [currently known as "NEMO" project], including the following PCIs: 74-443 1.1.1 Interconnection between Zeebrugge 1.1.1 Gezelle (BE) – 1.1.1 Nemo Link 1.1.1 New DC sea link including 140 km of DC subsea 1.1.1 Under construction 1.1.1 technical (BE) and the vicinity of Richborough (UK) Richborough (UK) Limited cable with 1000 MW capacity between Richborough commissioning 2018 and Gezelle (vicinity of Zeebrugge) (offshore + with operation in 2019 onshore) 74-449 1.1.2 Internal line between the vicinity of 1.1.2 Vicinity of 1.1.2 National 1.1.2 New 400kV substation in Richborough and new 1.1.2 Permitting 1.1.2 2018 Richborough and Canterbury (UK) Richborough to Canterbury Grid Electricity 400kV AC double circuit OHL between Richborough (UK) Transmission plc and Canterbury (onshore) (UK) N/A 1.1.3 No longer considered a PCI N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.2 N/A No longer considered a PCI N/A N/A
    [Show full text]