Cheap, Modern and Green Energy and Water for Everyone

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CHEAP, MODERN AND GREEN ENERGY AND WATER FOR EVERYONE

The Government of Greenland rolls out a comprehensive and long-term energy reform – the first step is the big price reductions on electricity and water

Summary of the Government of Greenland’s “Sector plan for energy and water supply” – November 2017 The Ministry of Industry, Labour, Trade and Energy

Cheap, modern and green energy and water for everyone

The Government of Greenland rolls out a comprehensive and long-term energy reform – The first step is the big price reductions on electricity and water

Summary of the Government of Greenland’s “Sector plan for energy and water supply” – November 2017

Edit: Beth Werner, journalist

Layout & Print: ProGrafisk ApS

Published January 2018

Front page photo: ©Tikki Geisler TABLE OF CONTENTS

Foreword ...... 4

Price reform – electricity and water will be much cheaper from 1st of January 2018 ...... 6

Greenland must be much greener in 2030 ...... 9

Hydropower is a major clean energy source ...... 11

Solar and wind power will be included in the energy supply ...... 12

Better supply of clean drinking water ...... 15

More electric cars in hydro-powered towns ...... 16

Do not use more energy than necessary ...... 16

Cooperation and sharing experiences with other countries ...... 17

The Government of Greenland’s vision and plans – the 2030 energy sector plan summarised in 35 objectives ...... 18 FOREWORD

If our society is to function optimally and more importantly develop, it requires, amongst many things, a well-functioning public supply of energy and water . “Well-functioning” is understood as being reliable, accessible, environmentally friend- ly and financially beneficial for all citizens, industry, as well as for the public sector . We are well on the way, but in order to achieve the goal on all parameters, the Government of Greenland has adopted a comprehensive and ambitious energy reform between now and 2030 that consists of three overriding goals:

1. Lower prices for electricity and water that calls for a comprehensive modernisa- From the 1st of January 2018, the price of tion and technological optimisation of the electricity and water will be significantly re- entire energy system . duced and at the same time, the price will Our country is rich in hydropower be maintained at equal levels regardless of resources, which along with wind and solar where in the country you live and/or run a power, in the long run, makes it possible business . The savings will improve the liv- to provide all citizens and business with ing conditions of many families and, above cheap and clean energy . Cheap, clean and all, help to create new jobs – especially in renewable energy are factors that ener- the small towns and villages . gy-intensive industries, data centres, etc ., value highly . 2. Green energy everywhere Renewable energy solutions will that it is possible strengthen business development and By 2030, the goal is that the public energy therefore our entire society . supply must be, to the fullest extent This booklet describes current and possible, derived from renewable energy future developments and initiatives within sources . the energy and water sector towards 2030 .

3. Modernisation of the energy system Production of energy based on fossil fuels We hope you find it an interesting read (oil) must be replaced with renewable energy sources such as hydropower, wind, solar, Hans Enoksen hydrogen in places where this has not The Minister for Industry, already happened, and a reorganisation Labour, Trade and Energy

4 Photo: © Mads Pihl – Visit Greenland Photo: © Mads Pihl – Visit

5 PRICE REFORM – ELECTRICITY AND WATER WILL BE MUCH CHEAPER FROM 1ST OF JANUARY 2018

With a price reform of electricity and water, Table 1. Pricing model 1. the Government of Greenland will create a system based on solidarity and equali- Model 1 – equal pricing Previous price (min/max) New pricing ty. Citizens and businesses currently pay Electricity pr. kWh 1,63 / 3,25 1,60 different prices for electricity and water de- pending on locality . If you live in a village Water pr. m3 19,12 / 33,40 19 or outlying districts with high costs for the 41 .5% of production and supply of water, also called Fish industry tariff 41 .5% of the local unit price the local unit price unit costs, you typically pay a maximum price . In larger towns and particularly hydro-powered towns with low unit costs for electricity and water, a minimum price and as a starting point, the tariff be 41 .5% save almost DKK 8,000 per year with the is paid . of the local unit cost for electricity and wa- new prices . In the past, they have paid The difference between the lowest and ter in each town and village, although, with almost double that for the same amount the highest price is quite significant. The a maximum price that is same for ordinary of electricity and water . It is a very large price of electricity ranges from DKK 1 .63 consumers. This means that the fishing expense to budget for, especially if you to DKK 3.25 per kWh. The price of a cubic industry’s minimum price for electricity are a low-income family . metre of water ranges from DKK 19 .12 to will be DKK 0.66 per kWh and a maximum At the national level, the average in- DKK 33 .40 . price of DKK 1 .60 . Water will have a min- come for a village resident is DKK 165,0001 imum price of DKK 7 .89 per cubic metre per year . In Tasiilaq, the average income Equal pricing and lower and a maximum price of DKK 19 . is even lower, namely at the level of DKK prices for everyone Electricity and water prices for the rest 150,000 per year . From 1st of January 2018, the pricing of the business community will remain simi- As shown in table 4, families in larger system will be based on solidarity and lar as the case for private consumers . towns like Nuuk and Sisimiut will also ben- fairness when nationwide equal unit prices efit from the savings, however, on a smaller are introduced for electricity and water – Families in the villages and small scale than in the other four villages/towns no matter where in the country you live . towns will save almost DKK in the table . Conversely, town residents The equal unit price of electricity will be 8,000 per year have a significantly higher income than DKK 1.60 per kWh and DKK 19 per cm3 for All consumers will save money on the cost village citizens. On a national level, a town water . With the introduction of nationwide of electricity and water – to a greater or resident earns an average of DKK 238,000 unit prices, the prices will also be lower for lesser extent . Families in villages and small per year. Nuuk is well above the average everyone . towns will realize significant savings. income with just over DKK 300,000 . There will continue to be a minimum For example, an average family in The fishing industry will also reap great and maximum price for the fishing industry, Tasiilaq with 2 adults and 2 children will rewards with the new pricing system . On a

1 Average personal income (Gross income) by district in 2015. Source: Statistics Greenland, http://bank.stat.gl/INDP1

6 Table 2: Current pricing for the fishing industry

Current pricing for the fishing industry in designated towns (2017 prices)

Nuuk Qaqortoq Tasiilaq Nanortalik Qaanaaq Upernavik

0.68 kr./kWh 0.97 kr./kWh 1.42 kr./kWh 1.99 kr./kWh 2.44 kr./kWh 3.25 kr./kWh Photo: © Mads Pihl – Visit Greenland Table 3: Pricing model 1: Pricing for the fishing industry

New pricing for the fishing industry in designated towns (2018 prices)

Nuuk Qaqortoq Tasiilaq Nanortalik Qaanaaq Upernavik

0,66 kr./kWh 0,91 kr./kWh 1,02 kr./kWh 1,60 kr./kWh 1,60 kr./kWh 1,60 kr./kWh

7 Photo: © Rebecca Gustafsson – Visit Greenland Photo: © Rebecca Gustafsson – Visit

national level, the fishing industry’s annual – at a level of DKK 21 .8 million per year . Greenlandic prices can match cost of electricity and water is expect- It is hoped that this reduction in company European prices ed to fall to just over DKK 10 million (in costs will strengthen the economic base in The price reform means private house- addition to the fishing industry discount the smaller towns and villages . Currently holds, small businesses and not least the that currently exists), and the savings will almost 80%2 of businesses with a payroll of fishing industry will receive competitive also help increase competitiveness . Other more than DKK 10 million are in Sermer- prices on electricity and water, compared industries will also experience big savings sooq Municipality . to a number of European countries .

Cost neutral price reform Table 4: Pricing model 1 – Annual savings for households The cost of lower electricity and water prices will be offset by, among other Model 1 – Annual savings for households (water and electricity) things, the annual construction loans to Savings for a family with Savings for a family with a single Nukissiorfiit from the National Treasury Town/Village 2 parents and 2 children parent and 2 children being reduced, as Nukissiorfiit will be able to finance a greater portion of their fixed Family 1 (DKK) Family 1 (%) Family 2 (DKK) Family 2 (%) asset investments themselves . In addition, Tasiilaq 7 .935 48 % 5 .565 49 % the National Treasury’s additional costs will be financed by saving on electricity and Sarfannguit 5 .775 51 % 4 .125 51 % water costs for the Self-government and Qaqortoq 4 .785 36 % 3 .315 36 % municipalities, as well as public institutions and companies . Ilulissat 3 .168 27 % 2 .262 28 %

Nuuk 1 .088 11 % 730 11 %

Sisimiut 415 5 % 282 5 %

2 Source: Statistics Greenland: Companies spread across municipalities and payroll range in 2015

8 GREENLAND MUST BE MUCH GREENER IN 2030

One of the main goals of the reform is that heat production . Here it is 25% fossil fuels More collective heat and less oil energy from renewable energy sources and renewable energy sources, as well as In order to reduce Greenland’s depend- shall cover the country’s public energy residual heat (from diesel generators) and ence on imported oil, the Government supply as much as possible by 2030 . waste incineration 75%, see Figure 1 . of Greenland will expand the public heat It requires large and extensive changes It may seem strange that while Nukis- supply and make it more efficient. and interventions in both the energy sup- siorfiit uses hydropower for electricity and There are currently several players in ply and energy system in order to achieve heat production, large amounts of import- the heating sector: Nukissiorfiit, which the goal . ed oil are used to cover the country’s total supplies heat to 16 places in the country, The status is that among the four energy consumption of energy . see the map, and Mittarfeqarfiit that sup- sources currently used to cover the coun- Part of the explanation is that a large plies district heating in Kangerlussuaq and try’s energy consumption of electricity and portion of the heat that the country uses, Narsarsuaq . There are also many housing heat, fossil fuels hold an unfortunate first is produced by private oil furnaces and oil complexes where heat is produced from place with 75 3%. . Hydropower covers 21% boilers . heating centres, owned by, amongst oth- of consumption, residual heat 2 3%. and There is private supply partly in places ers, INI and the Self-government’s housing waste heat 1 .4%, as shown in Figure 2 . where there is no access to district heating departments . It is almost the complete reverse with or electric heating, and partly in house- If the heat supply is provided by the public energy supply’s (Nukissiorfiit) holds in towns that are not connected to one player, which is the Government of use of energy sources for electricity and the collective heat supply . Greenland’s intention, it will partly make

Residual heat 8,0 % Waste-to-heat 1,4 % Residual heat 2,3 %

Waste-to-heat 4,8 % Fossil fuels 25.0% Hydropower 21 %

Fossil fuels 75,3 %

Hydropower 62,3 %

Figure 1: Public energy supply Figure 2: Private and public energy supply Nukissiorfiit’s primary sources of Total consumption of electricity electricity and heat in 2015 and heat by source in 2015

9 Figure 3: Current capacity of heating Where the private oil boiler heat supply system in relation to demand, 2017. in some towns can be relatively easily re- More details can be found on the page: placed with the collective heat supply, the http://maps.nukissiorfiit.gl/sektorplan issue is somewhat more difficult in villages and small towns where many places do not have a heat supply network. It is expensive to establish a heat supply network. Therefore, Nukissiorfiit is conducting a thorough assessment of heat supply more efficient and partly easier the conditions of individual locations to to expand the network. An expansion determine whether it is profitable to estab- is urgently needed if current private oil lish a heat supply network there. One key heating is to be replaced by a collective factor may be the possibility for exploiting heat supply with renewable energy as the residual heat from electricity production at primary energy source . the location . Quite a lot of the oil consumption for Nukissiorfiit regularly reviews the private heating can be reduced here and opportunities for utilising residual heat in a now by getting more households connect- number of towns and villages . ed to the collective heat supply . District Other possible heat sources that could heating networks have been established replace or complement oil are heat pumps in many towns, just as there are reinforced and solar panels . They are already used ● Substantial capacity available electricity networks for electric heating in today, albeit on a very limited scale . ● Limited capacity many areas . Even though the possibility of available connection is present, there are still many You pay for the heat you use ● Lack of capacity households that do not make use of it. Residents in about 3,000 flats will also There can be many reasons, the most notice the planned efficiency in the heat likely is financial. The cost of connection supply when they have individual heat can be such a huge financial burden for the meters installed . The transition from collec- individual family, that they opt out of the tive to individual billing will happen over a collective heat supply . number of years . The aim is to ensure that The Government of Greenland will work the individual consumer only pays for their on getting more households connected to actual heat consumption and not for their the collective heat supply, which, amongst “neighbour’s” consumption . The Gov- other things, will be done by increased ernment of Greenland believes that the information about the possibilities of con- current system of collective billing, where nection, financial incentives and require- individual residential unit’s heat consump- ments for the building’s form of heating . tion is split equally between the residents, It is a known fact that the more people is not fair and ino longer contemporary . who connect to the collective heating The fact that each resident in future will networks, the greater the opportunities are only pay for the heat that they use, will also for Nukissiorfiit to best utilise the available create a greater incentive to save on heat heat resources, such as residual heat, waste and therefore save money . heat and hydropower-based heating .

10 HYDROPOWER IS A MAJOR CLEAN ENERGY SOURCE

Hydropower is currently the most impor- tant renewable energy source in Green- land. The five hydropower plants that have been built since 1993 supply a total of six towns and therefore constitute an impor- tant part of the energy supply . The plants also play a positive role in relation to the national economy, security of supply and of course the environment . According to Nukissiorfiit’s calculations, it would cost between DKK 297 and 407 million in oil, if diesel electric power plants and oil boilers had to produce the same amount of energy each year as the hydropower plants . Construction costs for hydropower ★ Hydropower plant plants are very high, the investment in the Hydropower potential five plants is DKK 3.5 billion, but on the ● Effect unknown other hand, operating costs are low . ● Diesel power plants are the exact Effect <1 MW ● opposite . Relatively cheap to establish, Effect 1-10 MW but expensive to run due to the need for ● Effect 10-100 MW imported oil . ● Effect >100 MW

Great and well-known Figure 4: Existing hydropower plants and known hydropower potential hydropower resources Source: Asiaq. More details about hydropower potential can be seen via: The potential for establishing more hydro- http://maps.nukissiorfiit.gl/sektorplan power plants supplementary to the current five is great, as can be seen on the map below . also supply both larger and smaller settle- solar, wind, waste incineration, hydrogen, In some areas, there are even greater ments with energy . etc . hydropower resources, which it makes Currently there are plans to draw up It is also investigated on an ongoing sense to exploit commercially in connec- the decision-making basis for whether it is basis whether it can financially pay to also tion with the supply of large and energy feasible to initiate hydropower projects in establish small hydropower plants in the intensive industrial ventures, for example, Aasiaat, Qasigiannguit, Maniitsoq, Paami- smaller settlements . data centres . ut and Nanortalik. At the same time, it will Major and minor expansions of the ex- In addition to hydropower attracting be investigated whether it would instead isting hydropower plants are also included companies and thereby contributing to be a better solution to provide one or in the plans for the coming years of devel- continuing business development, it shall more of these locations with energy from opment of the energy sector .

11 SOLAR AND WIND POWER WILL BE INCLUDED IN THE ENERGY SUPPLY

wind turbine that can be placed on a tower that can tilt, so that it can be raised with- out the use of a mobile crane . Like wind turbines, it is foreseen that the upcoming solar farms in villages and towns shall act as a supplement to the existing energy supply . Trials are currently underway with wind and solar energy in Igaliku, where a hybrid plant has been setup as a pilot project .

Better exploitation of waste Waste can and should be exploited much better for energy purposes than is the case today . The waste sector is currently organised in such a way that municipalities are responsible for collecting, sorting and incinerating waste. Nukissiorfiit3 purchases waste heat from municipal waste incinera- Photo: © Peter Jensen, Inuk Media tors in Nuuk, Sisimiut, Ilulissat, Qaqortoq and Maniitsoq . However, there is a need for better If the goal of 100% green energy supply of The future of wind turbines in Green- alignment between the incineration of Greenlandic society is to be achieved, it re- land in the coming 10 years is expected to waste and the current need for heat. A quires the exploitation of other renewable follow these two scenarios: possible reorganisation of the area can be energy resources other than hydropower . – Setting up large modern wind tur- a solution . Wind and solar are obvious energy bines that can supply towns like Sisimiut, It is proposed that in the near future, a sources to use as a supplement or alter- Maniitsoq, Nuuk, Aasiaat, Qasigiannguit, working group will be set up together with native to hydropower . Even though both Maniitsoq, Paamiut and Nanortalik, as a the participation of relevant players in the wind turbine farms and solar farms are supplement to the existing hydropower field. The group’s task will be to work for a mature and well-developed technologies, supply and production from diesel plants . comprehensive and sustainable socio-eco- the use of them in Greenland has been – Setting up small wind turbines in nomic solution in the waste sector in the relatively limited . villages . It can, for example, be a type of future .

3 Nukissiorfiit is not involved in selling waste heat in Aasiaat and partially in Ilulissat, since in these places Qaasuitsup Municipality sells heat via a separate, municipally owned district heating network.

14 BETTER SUPPLY OF CLEAN DRINKING WATER

Greenland possesses good and generally placed in the near future . In addition, new tank. Delivery via water tanker is not only sufficient raw water resources to cover both water mains will be established to provide an expensive and resource-intensive supply the current and future needs for drinking consumers with connectivity to the fixed method, it also increases the risk of water water . In some places, however, water re- water supply via a service pipeline . contamination . sources are more scarce and may be harder Where there are virtually no pressurised In line with the pipeline network being to exploit, while in other locations there is water pipeline networks, especially in vil- expanded and more consumers being an excess of water. So much so that profits lages, residents collect their drinking water connected, the current water delivery by could potentially be exploited commercial- from a tap house . Elsewhere, supply is via tanker will gradually stop, which will result ly in the form of exported water in bottles tanker delivery, in that many homeowners, in both a better water supply and water or in bulk. The map shows the current also in the towns, have their own water quality . supply capacity of drinking water. The water supply is primarily based on Figure 5. Actual water supply capacity the extraction of surface water from lakes in relation to demand, at the end of 2016. and rivers, and where these raw water Source: Nukissiorfiit, http://maps.nukissiorfiit.gl/sectorplan resources are scarce, desalinated sea water and melted ice blocks are used. The supply is handled by Nukissiorfiit and Mittarfeqa- rfiit. The former supplies 17 towns and 49 villages4 and thus giving it a total of 66 settlements to supply with drinking water. In order to secure a stable and high quality water supply for citizens, industry and the rest of the business community in towns and villages, Nukissiorfiit has ● continuously invested in new water supply Means that there is either no supply capacity or that raw water resources are limited, in such a way that installations and distribution networks in there are no surplus reserves to deliver additional recent years . In addition, many installations drinking water. have been developed with new and mod- – For example, Qaanaaq has both limited raw water resources and water treatment capacity .During the ern technology. All these measures have summer, water is extracted from streams which is helped to improve water quality and led then filled in winter tanks. When these tanks run to a decrease in the number of days where empty during winter, sea ice is then heated to pro- water must be boiled . duce melt water in order to meet the demand . ● Means that the supply capacity or raw water resources The improvement and expansion of the corresponds roughly to the actual water demand . water supply will continue in the future by, – For example this applies to several settlement amongst other things, a significant part although the supply capacity may be seasonal . ● of the existing cast iron network being re- Means that there is either a surplus in supply capacity or raw water resources .

4 Nukissiorfiit usually also supplies Nuugatsiaq and Illorsuit. However, for security purposes, this may not be possible at the moment.

15 MORE ELECTRIC CARS IN HYDRO-POWERED TOWNS

As in many other countries, electric cars fore provisionally exempt from import and have also been introduced in Greenland vehicle tax until 1st of January 2019 . and the number is rising . In 2013 there Lower vehicle tax, however, will not do were 6, in 2016 the number rose to 191 . it alone . Many more charging stations need Electric cars, of which most are driven in to be setup, as well as in private locations Nuuk, constitute a very small number of such as blocks of flats and public buildings the total car fleet. around the towns . There is, however, a clear environmental As a trial, last year in Nuuk charging and financial gain in increasing the number stations were setup at three blocks of of electric cars . The consumption of petrol/ flats in the areas of Igimaq, Suloraq and diesel will decrease and the need for im- Tuapannguit, as well as a fast charger that ported oil will reduce correspondingly . is publicly accessible in the centre of the In order to encourage more citizens town . The trial period will be concluded to change their petrol/diesel car for an at the end of 2017, after which results electric car, the Government of Greenland will be evaluated. A positive outcome is working on ensuring there will be easy of the Nuuk project could pave the way access to charging stations and that car for the establishment of both private and owners must profit from a financial gain. public charging stations in the other four Electric cars and hybrid cars are there- hydro-powered towns .

DO NOT USE MORE ENERGY THAN NECESSARY

There is both an environmental and finan- Listed below are examples of green initiatives that can save both the cial benefit for not using more energy than individual and society a great deal of is necessary . money. The energy producing companies are • replace incandescent bulbs with making great headway when it comes to LED exploiting the energy available in the best • buy low-energy labelled white possible way . goods and electrical appliances However, the individual consumer, the • install thermostat valves on radia- business community and the public sector tors can also do their bit to save more energy • improve the insulation of buildings than is the case today . • replace draughty windows • repair dripping taps or running toilets

16 COOPERATION AND SHARING EXPERIENCES WITH OTHER COUNTRIES

It is obvious that Greenland draws inspi- with focus on the environment and energy. Greenland, with the support of the Nordic ration from and cooperates with other Nukissiorfiit exchanges experiences in the cooperation in the energy sector, are also countries in the energy sector. We can energy sector with the Faroese supply a possibility. learn from their experience and vice versa. company SEV, which also has ambitious Finally, under the auspices of the Nukissiorfiit will therefore increase cooper- renewable energy goals. Arctic Council, Nukissiorfiit participates in ation – particularly in those areas that have Greenland also participates in Nordic ARENA (Arctic Remote Energy Networks similar climate and supply challenges. cooperation in the energy sector. For Academy). The aim here is to spread un- There is, amongst other things, a example, Nukissiorfiit is closely monitor- derstanding of renewable energy supply in cooperation agreement entered into ing a pilot project with a hybrid plant on remote areas and to exchange experienc- between Greenland and the Faroe Islands the Faroe Islands. However, projects in es on specific projects. Photo: © Tikki Geisler

THE GOVERNMENT OF GREENLAND’S VISION AND PLANS the 2030 energy sector plan summarised in 35 objectives:

1 Electricity and water prices must be reduced with effect from 8 A comprehensive modernisation of the energy system is to 1 January 2018 . be carried out .

2 Towns and settlements along the coast must experience large 9 Energy production based on fossil fuels must be replaced by savings that can be used to increase welfare . new energy technologies, where this has not already happened . 3 The business community must have access to cheaper electricity and water – with the aim of supporting job creation – 10 Energy supply must be based on hydropower, wind, solar, especially in small towns and villages . waste incineration, hydrogen, etc .

4 A unit price for electricity of DKK 1.60 per kWh will be intro- 11 There must be investment in the six current hydro-powered duced . towns, which ensures that hydropower along with waste heat and other renewable energy can cover the full needs for 5 A unit price for water of DKK 19 per cubic metre will be intro- electricity and heat in these towns . duced . 12 A decision-making basis must be prepared concerning the 6 The fishing industry tariff will be set at 41.5% of the unit cost possible establishment of the hydropower supply of Aasiaat of electricity and water in each town and village, with the and Qasigiannguit . following modification: 6.1 The fishing industry must pay a maximum tariff for elec- 13 The possibilities for the establishment of hydropower supply tricity and water as other consumers, in Maniitsoq, Nanortalik and Paamiut should be further inves- 6.2 The fishing industry must at pay a minimum of 41.5% of tigated . the minimum price for other consumers, 6.3 The fishing industry must therefore pay a minimum price 14 The hydropower supply of Tasiilaq must be increased through for electricity of DKK 0.66 per kWh and a maximum price a variety of efficiency measures, which are to be implemented of DKK 1.60 per kWh. by 2020 . 6.4 The fishing industry must pay a minimum price for water of DKK 7 .89 per cubic meter and a maximum price of 15 The water catchment area for the Qorlortorsuaq hydropower DKK 19 per cubic meter . plant is to be extended in the period 2018-2020 .

7 In 2030, the goal is that the public energy supply must be, 16 There must be an intensification of studies concerning the to the fullest extent possible, based on renewable energy possibilities for the establishment of smaller hydropower sources . plants to supply the smaller settlements .

17 The Government of Greenland will identify and market the 28 In 2018, there will be a study of the possibilities of heat country’s vast hydroelectric power resources to companies pumps providing heating supply to the district heating net- that are looking for large amounts of cheap, clean energy. work.

18 For a number of years (initially for at least 5 years), field 29 The cost of laying a pressurised water supply for all residen- studies must be conducted each year for identifying and tial units in urban areas is to be investigated by the end of subsequently marketing the hydropower resources with the 2018. This must be done with a view of water tanker delivery considerable business potential . no longer being necessary by the end of 2025 .

19 Different methods for storing energy and hybrid plants must 30 The cost of all villages having a pressurised water supply to be tested, so that the technologies can be used in energy central bottling plants must be investigated by the end of supply in the long term, if they prove fit for purpose. 2018 .

20 The pilot project relating to the charging of electric vehicles 31 Together with Nukissiorfiit, the municipalities and the fishing in Nuuk is to be continued in a more permanent form in Nuuk industry, a national plan must be drawn up for the identifica- and other towns . tion and provision of electricity and water infrastructure to support the business needs of all settlements . The identi- 21 In all areas of the country, hydropower and new technologies fication must be based on realistic assumptions regarding, must be incorporated into the heat supply, as they become amongst other things, cost levels in the production of elec- technically, operationally and socio-economically feasible in tricity, water and heating, available fish and fishing resources, Greenland . labour resources, demography, etc .

22 The collective heating supply must be expanded with an 32 A continuous optimisation of the water supply in the whole of objective of reducing fossil fuels used for private and public Greenland must be implemented, in order to secure sufficient heat production . quantities of clean drinking water at the lowest possible cost to both consumers and businesses . 23 Waste should be regarded as a resource, and the residual heat from waste incineration plants must be recovered effec- 33 Documented drinking-water security (DDS) must be imple- tively for amongst other things, district heating . mented in all towns by the end of 2019 . Implementation of DDS in towns must contribute to the security of supply and 24 There must be ongoing operation optimisation measures on water quality are regularly improved . installations with a view to increased residual heat utilisation . 34 Documented drinking-water security (DDS) must be imple- 25 New technologies must be incorporated into the heat supply, mented in all villages by the end of 2025 . The implemen- as they become technically, operationally and socio-economi- tation of DDS in settlements will take place in parallel with cally feasible in Greenland . investments in water supply installations, which are to be implemented in the coming years . 26 There must be a decision-making basis for the transfer of all heat centres to Nukissiorfiit. 35 Measures are to be implemented to reduce water loss by continuously replacing the supply pipelines that have served 27 From 2018, the installation of individual heat meters in all their time . public rental properties will be commissioned . There has been technical preparation for this purpose (approximately 3,000 flats).