DOCSLIB.ORG

Ilulissat Icefjord

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

World Heritage Scanned Nomination File Name: 1149.pdf UNESCO Region: EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA __________________________________________________________________________________________________ SITE NAME: Ilulissat Icefjord DATE OF INSCRIPTION: 7th July 2004 STATE PARTY: DENMARK CRITERIA: N (i) (iii) DECISION OF THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE: Excerpt from the Report of the 28th Session of the World Heritage Committee Criterion (i): The Ilulissat Icefjord is an outstanding example of a stage in the Earth’s history: the last ice age of the Quaternary Period. The ice-stream is one of the fastest (19m per day) and most active in the world. Its annual calving of over 35 cu. km of ice accounts for 10% of the production of all Greenland calf ice, more than any other glacier outside Antarctica. The glacier has been the object of scientific attention for 250 years and, along with its relative ease of accessibility, has significantly added to the understanding of ice-cap glaciology, climate change and related geomorphic processes. Criterion (iii): The combination of a huge ice sheet and a fast moving glacial ice-stream calving into a fjord covered by icebergs is a phenomenon only seen in Greenland and Antarctica. Ilulissat offers both scientists and visitors easy access for close view of the calving glacier front as it cascades down from the ice sheet and into the ice-choked fjord. The wild and highly scenic combination of rock, ice and sea, along with the dramatic sounds produced by the moving ice, combine to present a memorable natural spectacle. BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS Located on the west coast of Greenland, 250-km north of the Arctic Circle, Greenland’s Ilulissat Icefjord (40,240-ha) is the sea mouth of Sermeq Kujalleq, one of the few glaciers through which the Greenland ice cap reaches the sea. Sermeq Kujalleq is one of the fastest (19-m per day) and most active glaciers in the world. Its annual calving of over 35 cubic kilometres of ice, i.e. 10% of the production of all Greenland calf ice and more than any other glacier outside Antarctica. Studied for over 250 years, it has helped develop our understanding of climate change and icecap glaciology. The combination of a huge ice-sheet and the dramatic sounds of a fast-moving glacial ice-stream calving into a fjord covered by icebergs makes for a dramatic and awe-inspiring natural phenomenon. 1.b State, Province or Region: West coast of Greenland, Bay of Disko Bugt (bight), Municipality of Ilulissat 1.d Exact location: N69 08 00 W49 30 00 Nomination of the ILULISSAT ICEFJORD for inclusion in the World Heritage List Naja Mikkelsen and Torsten Ingerslev (eds.) NOMINATION OF THE ILULISSAT ICEFJORD ILULISSAT ICEFJORD TURQUOISE FAIRYTALE CASTLE NOMINATION OF THE ILULISSAT ICEFJORD As part of the Danish and Greenlandic implementation of the UNESCO World Heritage Conven- tion, the Greenland Home Rule decided in December 2000 to nominate Ilulissat Icefjord for inclusion in the World Heritage List as a natural property. The Ilulissat Icefjord is a significant Earth science site that includes a remarkable range of interna- tionally important glaciological features where major contributions to science have been underta- ken for over hundred years. This importance continues to the present day and inspires leading researchers to work in the area and attracts tourists because of its outstanding beauty. Since joining UNESCO, the Danish and Greenlandic Governments have been working to affirm its support for the World Heritage Convention, and we are pleased to be able to nominate a natu- ral site in Greenland for inclusion in the prominent list. Local people in Ilulissat and authorities in Greenland approve the nomination. We therefore fully support the nomination of Ilulissat Icefjord for World Heritage status. Edward Geisler Anthon Frederiksen Minister of Health and Environment Mayor of Ilulissat Greenland Greenland Photo: Jakob Lautrup, GEUS 3 MELT WATER RIVER NEAR THE MARGIN OF THE GREENLAND ICE SHEET Preface Ilulissat Icefjord is a scientifically unique area and, from an aesthetic point of view, an area of extre- me beauty. The present nomination document proposes that the unique nature of the Icefjord be recognised through the award of World Heritage Site status, in particular because of its interna- tional importance for the Earth sciences, exhibiting a full range of important glaciological features, and because of its natural beauty. The nomination describes the glaciology and beauty of the site and also the impact that the Icefjord has imposed on the history of human development in this part of Greenland. Achieving of long-term protection and positive management of the nominated site is a central con- cern of the proposal. Work towards this nomination has involved active local, national and inter- national consultation, and the principles and priorities for management have been established through thorough debate. A management plan approved by the local authorities outlines the future management of the nominated area. The Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland has prepared the nomination document with the assistance and advice of many people and institutions. It is envisaged that a World Heritage Site status would provide an important contribution to the long-term conservation of the Ilulissat Ice- fjord area and ensure that its Earth science interests are also recognised in the future. We are delighted, therefore, to commend this nomination to the World Heritage Committee of UNESCO. The World Heritage steering committee of the Ilulissat Icefjord Mette-Astrid Jessen Anders Eistrup-Jensen Chairman of Steering committee Co-Chairman of steering committee Ministry of Environment and Nature, Nuuk Municipality of Ilulissat Greenland Greenland Joel Berglund Sven Koefoed-Hansen Ministry of Culture Ministry of Culture Education, Research and Church, Nuuk Copenhagen Greenland Denmark Rolf Löfgren Naja Mikkelsen International adviser Project co-ordinator Naturvårdsverket, Stockholm Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Sweden Denmark 5 ICE SCULPTURES IN THE ICEFJORD Ilulissat Icefjord Photo: Dieter Zillman/Greenland Tours Elke Meissner Nomination of the ILULISSAT ICEFJORD for inclusion in the World Heritage List Naja Mikkelsen and Torsten Ingerslev (eds.) NOMINATION OF THE ILULISSAT ICEFJORD The present project has recieved financial support from the Danish Environmental Protection Agency as part of the environmental support program Dancea – Danish Cooperation for Environment in the Arctic. The editor is respon- sible for all results and conclusions presented in the report, which do not necessarily reflect the position of the Danish Environmental Protection Agency. DANCEA Danish Cooperation for Environment in the Arctic Ministry of the Environment ICEBERG IN ILULISSAT ICEFJORD Photo: Jakob Lautrup, GEUS Editor: Naja Mikkelsen and Torsten Ingerslev, GEUS Technical editor: Henrik Klinge Pedersen, GEUS Cover and lay-out: Henrik Klinge Pedersen, GEUS Reprographic work: Benny Schark, Jakob Lautrup, GEUS Drawings: Henrik Klinge Pedersen, Annabeth Andersen, GEUS Maps: Willy Weng, Anette T. Hindø, Margareta Christoffersen, GEUS 3D interpretation: Carsten Thuesen, GEUS Satellite interpretation: Tapani Tukiainen, GEUS GEUS Photos: Source is given at individual photo. Print: Schultz Grafisk A/S ISBN: 87-7871-106-1 ©Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), 2002 Ministry of the Environment Øster Voldgade 10 DK- 1350 Copenhagen K Denmark 8 List of Contents 1. Identification of the Property 10 4. Management 93 1.a. Country 10 4.a. Ownership 93 1.b. State, Province or Region 10 4.b. Legal status 93 1.c. Name of Property 10 4.c. Protective measures and means of 1.d. Exact location on map and indication of implementing them 94 geographical co-ordinates 10 4.d. Agencies with management authority 95 1.e. Maps and/or plans showing boundary 4.e. Level at which management is exercised 96 of area proposed for inscription 10 4.f. Agreed plans related to Property 96 1.f. Area of Property 10 4.g. Sources and levels of finance 96 4.h. Sources of expertise and training in conser- 2. Justification for inscription 13 vation and management techniques 97 2.a. Statement of significance 13 4.i. Visitor facilities and statistics 98 2.b. Comparative analysis 15 4.j. Property management plan and statement 2.c. Authenticity/Integrity 20 of objectives 99 2.d. Criteria under which inscription is 4.k. Staffing levels 99 proposed 24 5. Factors Affecting the Property 101 3. Description 27 5.a. Development pressures 101 3.a. Description of Property 27 5.b. Environmental pressures 101 Glaciology 27 5.c. Natural disasters and preparedness 102 Quaternary geology 46 5.d. Visitor and tourism pressures 102 Bedrock geology 60 5.e. Number of inhabitants within Property 102 Climate 61 Marine ecosystem 62 6. Monitoring 107 Birds and terrestrial mammals 66 6.a. Key indicators for measuring the Te rrestrial and limnic plants 68 state of conservation 107 Archaeological sites at Ilulissat Icefjord 70 6.b. Administrative arrangements for 3b. History and Development 72 monitoring the Property 107 Oral tradition 72 6.c. Results of previous reporting exercises 107 Human settlement 73 History of hunting 77 7. Documentation 108 History of fishery 80 7.a. Photographs, slides and video 108 History of tourism 83 7.b. Copies of management plan and extracts 3.c. Form and date of most recent records of other plans 108 of Property 88 7.c. Bibliography 108 3.d. Present state of conservation 88 7.d. Addresses where inventory records and 3.e. Policies and programmes related to the archives are held 117 presentation and promotion of the Property 90 8. Signature on behalf of the State Party 118 Acknowledgements 119 Appendices 1–6 120 9 1. Identification of the Property 1.a. Country 20' 15' 51˚ 45' 69˚30' Denmark / Greenland. 1.b. State, Province or Region Greenland, Municipality of Ilulissat. Oqaitsut 1.c. Name of Property Ilulissat Icefjord. 15' 1.d. Exact location on map and indi- ILULISSAT cation of geographical co-ordinates The nominated area is bounded by latitude 68°48'N – KANGIA (IL 69°31'N, and longitude 48°28'W – 51°16'W.
Recommended publications
  • Early Break-Up of the Norwegian Channel Ice Stream During the Last Glacial Maximum

    Early Break-Up of the Norwegian Channel Ice Stream During the Last Glacial Maximum

    Quaternary Science Reviews 107 (2015) 231e242 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quascirev Early break-up of the Norwegian Channel Ice Stream during the Last Glacial Maximum * John Inge Svendsen a, , Jason P. Briner b, Jan Mangerud a, Nicolas E. Young c a Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Postbox 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway b Department of Geology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA c Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA article info abstract Article history: We present 18 new cosmogenic 10Be exposure ages that constrain the breakup time of the Norwegian Received 11 June 2014 Channel Ice Stream (NCIS) and the initial retreat of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet from the Southwest coast Received in revised form of Norway following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Seven samples from glacially transported erratics 31 October 2014 on the island Utsira, located in the path of the NCIS about 400 km up-flow from the LGM ice front Accepted 3 November 2014 position, yielded an average 10Be age of 22.0 ± 2.0 ka. The distribution of the ages is skewed with the 4 Available online youngest all within the range 20.2e20.8 ka. We place most confidence on this cluster of ages to constrain the timing of ice sheet retreat as we suspect the 3 oldest ages have some inheritance from a previous ice Keywords: Norwegian Channel Ice Stream free period. Three additional ages from the adjacent island Karmøy provided an average age of ± 10 Scandinavian Ice Sheet 20.9 0.7 ka, further supporting the new timing of retreat for the NCIS.
  • Ribbed Bedforms in Palaeo-Ice Streams Reveal Shear Margin

    Ribbed Bedforms in Palaeo-Ice Streams Reveal Shear Margin

    https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2020-336 Preprint. Discussion started: 21 November 2020 c Author(s) 2020. CC BY 4.0 License. Ribbed bedforms in palaeo-ice streams reveal shear margin positions, lobe shutdown and the interaction of meltwater drainage and ice velocity patterns Jean Vérité1, Édouard Ravier1, Olivier Bourgeois2, Stéphane Pochat2, Thomas Lelandais1, Régis 5 Mourgues1, Christopher D. Clark3, Paul Bessin1, David Peigné1, Nigel Atkinson4 1 Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique, UMR 6112, CNRS, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans CEDEX 9, France 2 Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique, UMR 6112, CNRS, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes CEDEX 3, France 10 3 Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK 4 Alberta Geological Survey, 4th Floor Twin Atria Building, 4999-98 Ave. Edmonton, AB, T6B 2X3, Canada Correspondence to: Jean Vérité ([email protected]) Abstract. Conceptual ice stream landsystems derived from geomorphological and sedimentological observations provide 15 constraints on ice-meltwater-till-bedrock interactions on palaeo-ice stream beds. Within these landsystems, the spatial distribution and formation processes of ribbed bedforms remain unclear. We explore the conditions under which these bedforms develop and their spatial organisation with (i) an experimental model that reproduces the dynamics of ice streams and subglacial landsystems and (ii) an analysis of the distribution of ribbed bedforms on selected examples of paleo-ice stream beds of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. We find that a specific kind of ribbed bedforms can develop subglacially 20 from a flat bed beneath shear margins (i.e., lateral ribbed bedforms) and lobes (i.e., submarginal ribbed bedforms) of ice streams.
  • Automated Iceberg Detection Using Landsat: Method and Example Application in Disko Bay, West Greenland

    Automated Iceberg Detection Using Landsat: Method and Example Application in Disko Bay, West Greenland

    The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-73 Manuscript under review for journal The Cryosphere Discussion started: 8 May 2018 c Author(s) 2018. CC BY 4.0 License. Automated iceberg detection using Landsat: method and example application in Disko Bay, west Greenland 1,2 1,2 a,b, Jessica Scheick , Ellyn M. Enderlin , and Gordon Hamilton † 1School of Earth and Climate Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA 2Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA aformerly at: School of Earth and Climate Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA bformerly at: Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA †deceased Correspondence: Jessica Scheick ([email protected]) Abstract. Over the last two decades, the flux of icebergs into Greenland’s fjords and coastal waters has increased, concurrent with changes in mass loss and dynamics of Greenland’s marine-terminating outlet glaciers. Icebergs impact fjord circulation and stratification, freshwater flux, and ecosystem structure and pose a hazard to marine navigation and infrastructure, yet they remain a relatively understudied component of the ice–ocean system. Icebergs are easily detected in optical satellite imagery, 5 but manual analysis to derive an iceberg size distribution time series is time prohibitive and partially cloudy scenes pose a challenge to automated analysis. Here we present a novel, computationally simple machine learning-based cloud mask for Landsat 7 and 8. This mask is incorporated into a larger iceberg delineation algorithm that allows us to extract iceberg size distributions, including outlines of individual icebergs, for cloud-free and partially cloud-covered Landsat scenes.
  • Pinngortitaleriffik Grønlands Naturinstitut Grønlands ■ ■ ■

    Pinngortitaleriffik Grønlands Naturinstitut Grønlands ■ ■ ■

    PINNGORTITALERIFFIK ■ GRØNLANDS NATURINSTITUT ÅRSBERETNING Årsberetning 2008 2008 INDHOLD ÅRSBERETNING Forord ......................................................................................................................... 3 Fagligt arbejde ........................................................................................................... 4 Center for Marinøkologi og Klimaeffekter .............................................................. 4 Afdelingen for Fisk og Rejer ................................................................................. 11 2008 Afdelingen for Pattedyr og Fugle.......................................................................... 14 Informationssekretariatet ..................................................................................... 22 Pinngortitaleriffiks rammer ..................................................................................... 23 Formål, arbejdsopgaver og organisation .............................................................. 23 Finansiering ........................................................................................................... 24 Fysiske rammer ..................................................................................................... 26 Personale ............................................................................................................... 27 Aktiviteter i 2008 ...................................................................................................... 30 Pinngortitaleriffik ■ Grønlands Naturinstitut
  • Ikaarsaariarnermut Ataatsimiititaliaq, 01. Oktober

    Ikaarsaariarnermut Ataatsimiititaliaq, 01. Oktober

    Kommunalbestyrelse 28. Februar 2019 kl. 10.00 Kommune Qeqertalik Kommunalbestyrelse Hansen, Ane IA Olsen, Peter IA Sørensen, Hector Lennert IA Samuelsen, Aqqa IA Aronsen, Hans IA Petersen, Thomas IA Kristensen, Niels IA Jeremiassen, Kristian IA Svane, Jess S Sandgreen, Enok S Mølgaard, Timooq S Jeremiassen, Otto S Vetterlain, Jens S Broberg, Kristian S Kristensen, Naja A Ordstyrer: Ane Hansen, IA Sekretær: Alida C. Rafaelsen Mødet blev afholdt som: Telefonmøde KOMMUNE QEQERTALIK NIELS EGEDES PLADS 1, POSTBOKS 220, 3950 AASIAAT Møde nr. 1/19 -28/02/2019 Kommunalbestyrelse AH side 2 / 31 Dagsorden 19-001 Beslutningssag om erstatning for tabt arbejdsfortjeneste............................................3 19-002 Politikerhåndbog for medlemmer i kommunalbestyrelsen i Kommune Qeqertalik ......5 19-003 Medlem i "turistrådet" i KNQK ....................................................................................6 19-004 Oprettelse af fællesskab for virksomheder med henblik på at udvikle turistområdet..............................................................................................................7 19-005 Ændring på betegnelse af en sag – bofællesskab med plads til 12 beboere..................10 19-006 Qeqertarsuaq skilift projekt ........................................................................................11 19-007 Ansøgning om tillægsbevilling med midler på 210.000,-kr………………….........................14 19-008 Tilskudsvedtægt i Kommune Qeqertalik.......................................................................17
  • Calving Processes and the Dynamics of Calving Glaciers ⁎ Douglas I

    Calving Processes and the Dynamics of Calving Glaciers ⁎ Douglas I

    Earth-Science Reviews 82 (2007) 143–179 www.elsevier.com/locate/earscirev Calving processes and the dynamics of calving glaciers ⁎ Douglas I. Benn a,b, , Charles R. Warren a, Ruth H. Mottram a a School of Geography and Geosciences, University of St Andrews, KY16 9AL, UK b The University Centre in Svalbard, PO Box 156, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway Received 26 October 2006; accepted 13 February 2007 Available online 27 February 2007 Abstract Calving of icebergs is an important component of mass loss from the polar ice sheets and glaciers in many parts of the world. Calving rates can increase dramatically in response to increases in velocity and/or retreat of the glacier margin, with important implications for sea level change. Despite their importance, calving and related dynamic processes are poorly represented in the current generation of ice sheet models. This is largely because understanding the ‘calving problem’ involves several other long-standing problems in glaciology, combined with the difficulties and dangers of field data collection. In this paper, we systematically review different aspects of the calving problem, and outline a new framework for representing calving processes in ice sheet models. We define a hierarchy of calving processes, to distinguish those that exert a fundamental control on the position of the ice margin from more localised processes responsible for individual calving events. The first-order control on calving is the strain rate arising from spatial variations in velocity (particularly sliding speed), which determines the location and depth of surface crevasses. Superimposed on this first-order process are second-order processes that can further erode the ice margin.
  • A Review of Ice-Sheet Dynamics in the Pine Island Glacier Basin, West Antarctica: Hypotheses of Instability Vs

    A Review of Ice-Sheet Dynamics in the Pine Island Glacier Basin, West Antarctica: Hypotheses of Instability Vs

    Pine Island Glacier Review 5 July 1999 N:\PIGars-13.wp6 A review of ice-sheet dynamics in the Pine Island Glacier basin, West Antarctica: hypotheses of instability vs. observations of change. David G. Vaughan, Hugh F. J. Corr, Andrew M. Smith, Adrian Jenkins British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council Charles R. Bentley, Mark D. Stenoien University of Wisconsin Stanley S. Jacobs Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University Thomas B. Kellogg University of Maine Eric Rignot Jet Propulsion Laboratories, National Aeronautical and Space Administration Baerbel K. Lucchitta U.S. Geological Survey 1 Pine Island Glacier Review 5 July 1999 N:\PIGars-13.wp6 Abstract The Pine Island Glacier ice-drainage basin has often been cited as the part of the West Antarctic ice sheet most prone to substantial retreat on human time-scales. Here we review the literature and present new analyses showing that this ice-drainage basin is glaciologically unusual, in particular; due to high precipitation rates near the coast Pine Island Glacier basin has the second highest balance flux of any extant ice stream or glacier; tributary ice streams flow at intermediate velocities through the interior of the basin and have no clear onset regions; the tributaries coalesce to form Pine Island Glacier which has characteristics of outlet glaciers (e.g. high driving stress) and of ice streams (e.g. shear margins bordering slow-moving ice); the glacier flows across a complex grounding zone into an ice shelf coming into contact with warm Circumpolar Deep Water which fuels the highest basal melt-rates yet measured beneath an ice shelf; the ice front position may have retreated within the past few millennia but during the last few decades it appears to have shifted around a mean position.
  • Maphab - Mapping Benthic Habitats in Greenland

    Maphab - Mapping Benthic Habitats in Greenland

    MapHab - Mapping Benthic Habitats in Greenland pilot study in Disko Bay Technical report no. 109 GREENLAND INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF DENMARK AND GREENLAND NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AQUATIC RESOURCES INSTITUTE OF ZOOLOGY 1 Title: MapHab – Mapping Benthic Habitats in Greenland – pilot study in Disko Bay. Project PI: Diana W. Krawczyk & Malene Simon Project consortium: Greenland Institute of Natural Resources (GINR) Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) Institute of Zoology (IoZ) Institute for Aquatic Resources (DTU Aqua) Author(s): Diana W. Krawczyk, Jørn Bo Jensen, Zyad Al-Hamdani, Chris Yesson, Flemming Hansen, Martin E. Blicher, Nanette H. Ar- boe, Karl Zinglersen, Jukka Wagnholt, Karen Edelvang, Ma- lene Simon ISBN; EAN; ISSN: 87-91214-87-4; 9788791214875 109; 1397-3657 Reference/Citation: Krawczyk et al. (2019) MapHab – Mapping Benthic Habitats in Greenland – pilot study in Disko Bay. Tech- nical report no. 109, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Greenland. ISBN 87-91214-87-4, 73 pp. Publisher: Greenland Institute of Natural Resources PO Box 570 3900 Nuuk Greenland Contact: Tel: +299 361200 Email: [email protected] Web: www.natur.gl Web: www.gcrc.gl Web: https://gcrc.gl/research-programs/greenland- benthic-habitats/ Date of publication: 2019 Financial support: The MapHab project was funded by the GINR, the Miljøstøtte til Arktis (Dancea), the Aage V. Jensens fonde and the Ministry of Research in Greenland (IKIIN) 2 Content 1. Introduction .........................................................................................
  • Geology of Greenland Bulletin 185, 67-93

    Geology of Greenland Bulletin 185, 67-93

    Sedimentary basins concealed by Acknowledgements volcanic rocks The map sheet was compiled by J.C. Escher (onshore) In two areas, one off East Greenland between latitudes and T.C.R. Pulvertaft (offshore), with final compilation 72° and 75°N and the other between 68° and 73°N off and legend design by J.C. Escher (see also map sheet West Greenland, there are extensive Tertiary volcanic legend). In addition to the authors’ contributions to the rocks which are known in places to overlie thick sedi- text (see Preface), drafts for parts of various sections mentary successions. It is difficult on the basis of exist- were provided by: L. Melchior Larsen (Gardar in South ing seismic data to learn much about these underlying Greenland, Tertiary volcanism of East and West Green- sediments, but extrapolation from neighbouring onshore land); G. Dam (Cretaceous–Tertiary sediments of cen- areas suggests that oil source rocks are present. tral West Greenland); M. Larsen (Cretaceous–Tertiary Seismic data acquired west of Disko in 1995 have sediments in southern East Greenland); J.C. Escher (map revealed an extensive direct hydrocarbon indicator in of dykes); S. Funder (Quaternary geology); N. Reeh the form of a ‘bright spot’ with a strong AVO (Amplitute (glaciology); B. Thomassen (mineral deposits); F.G. Versus Offset) anomaly, which occurs in the sediments Christiansen (petroleum potential). Valuable comments above the basalts in this area. If hydrocarbons are indeed and suggestions from other colleagues at the Survey are present here, they could either have been generated gratefully acknowledged. below the basalts and have migrated through the frac- Finally, the bulletin benefitted from thorough reviews tured lavas into their present position (Skaarup & by John Korstgård and Hans P.
  • [BA] COUNTRY [BA] SECTION [Ba] Greenland

    [BA] COUNTRY [BA] SECTION [Ba] Greenland

    [ba] Validity date from [BA] COUNTRY [ba] Greenland 26/08/2013 00081 [BA] SECTION [ba] Date of publication 13/08/2013 [ba] List in force [ba] Approval [ba] Name [ba] City [ba] Regions [ba] Activities [ba] Remark [ba] Date of request number 153 Qaqqatisiaq (Royal Greenland Seagfood A/S) Nuuk Vestgronland [ba] FV 219 Markus (Qajaq Trawl A/S) Nuuk Vestgronland [ba] FV 390 Polar Princess (Polar Seafood Greenland A/S) Qeqertarsuaq Vestgronland [ba] FV 401 Polar Qaasiut (Polar Seafood Greenland A/S) Nuuk Vestgronland [ba] FV 425 Sisimiut (Royal Greenland Seafood A/S) Nuuk Vestgronland [ba] FV 4406 Nataarnaq (Ice Trawl A/S) Nuuk Vestgronland [ba] FV 4432 Qeqertaq Fish ApS Ilulissat Vestgronland [ba] PP 4469 Akamalik (Royal Greenland Seafood A/S) Nuuk Vestgronland [ba] FV 4502 Regina C (Niisa Trawl ApS) Nuuk Vestgronland [ba] FV 4574 Uummannaq Seafood A/S Uummannaq Vestgronland [ba] PP 4615 Polar Raajat A/S Nuuk Vestgronland [ba] CS 4659 Greenland Properties A/S Maniitsoq Vestgronland [ba] PP 4660 Arctic Green Food A/S Aasiaat Vestgronland [ba] PP 4681 Sisimiut Fish ApS Sisimiut Vestgronland [ba] PP 4691 Ice Fjord Fish ApS Nuuk Vestgronland [ba] PP 1 / 5 [ba] List in force [ba] Approval [ba] Name [ba] City [ba] Regions [ba] Activities [ba] Remark [ba] Date of request number 4766 Upernavik Seafood A/S Upernavik Vestgronland [ba] PP 4768 Royal Greenland Seafood A/S Qeqertarsuaq Vestgronland [ba] PP 4804 ONC-Polar A/S Alluitsup Paa Vestgronland [ba] PP 481 Upernavik Seafood A/S Upernavik Vestgronland [ba] PP 4844 Polar Nanoq (Sigguk A/S) Nuuk Vestgronland
  • A Globally Complete Inventory of Glaciers

    A Globally Complete Inventory of Glaciers

    Journal of Glaciology, Vol. 60, No. 221, 2014 doi: 10.3189/2014JoG13J176 537 The Randolph Glacier Inventory: a globally complete inventory of glaciers W. Tad PFEFFER,1 Anthony A. ARENDT,2 Andrew BLISS,2 Tobias BOLCH,3,4 J. Graham COGLEY,5 Alex S. GARDNER,6 Jon-Ove HAGEN,7 Regine HOCK,2,8 Georg KASER,9 Christian KIENHOLZ,2 Evan S. MILES,10 Geir MOHOLDT,11 Nico MOÈ LG,3 Frank PAUL,3 Valentina RADICÂ ,12 Philipp RASTNER,3 Bruce H. RAUP,13 Justin RICH,2 Martin J. SHARP,14 THE RANDOLPH CONSORTIUM15 1Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA 2Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA 3Department of Geography, University of ZuÈrich, ZuÈrich, Switzerland 4Institute for Cartography, Technische UniversitaÈt Dresden, Dresden, Germany 5Department of Geography, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada E-mail: [email protected] 6Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA 7Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway 8Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden 9Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria 10Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK 11Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA 12Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 13National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA 14Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada 15A complete list of Consortium authors is in the Appendix ABSTRACT. The Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI) is a globally complete collection of digital outlines of glaciers, excluding the ice sheets, developed to meet the needs of the Fifth Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for estimates of past and future mass balance.
  • Glaciers and Their Significance for the Earth Nature - Vladimir M

    Glaciers and Their Significance for the Earth Nature - Vladimir M

    HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE – Vol. IV - Glaciers and Their Significance for the Earth Nature - Vladimir M. Kotlyakov GLACIERS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE FOR THE EARTH NATURE Vladimir M. Kotlyakov Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Keywords: Chionosphere, cryosphere, glacial epochs, glacier, glacier-derived runoff, glacier oscillations, glacio-climatic indices, glaciology, glaciosphere, ice, ice formation zones, snow line, theory of glaciation Contents 1. Introduction 2. Development of glaciology 3. Ice as a natural substance 4. Snow and ice in the Nature system of the Earth 5. Snow line and glaciers 6. Regime of surface processes 7. Regime of internal processes 8. Runoff from glaciers 9. Potentialities for the glacier resource use 10. Interaction between glaciation and climate 11. Glacier oscillations 12. Past glaciation of the Earth Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary Past, present and future of glaciation are a major focus of interest for glaciology, i.e. the science of the natural systems, whose properties and dynamics are determined by glacial ice. Glaciology is the science at the interfaces between geography, hydrology, geology, and geophysics. Not only glaciers and ice sheets are its subjects, but also are atmospheric ice, snow cover, ice of water basins and streams, underground ice and aufeises (naleds). Ice is a mono-mineral rock. Ten crystal ice variants and one amorphous variety of the ice are known.UNESCO Only the ice-1 variant has been – reve EOLSSaled in the Nature. A cryosphere is formed in the region of interaction between the atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere, and it is characterized bySAMPLE negative or zero temperature. CHAPTERS Glaciology itself studies the glaciosphere that is a totality of snow-ice formations on the Earth's surface.