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Europeaid /127054/C/SER/Multi Study on Renewable Energies And Study on Renewable Energies and Green Policy in the OCTs Annexes to the Final Mission Report EuropeAid /127054/C/SER/multi FWCBeneficiariesLot4-N°2012/307921 Study on Renewable Energies and Green Policy in the Overseas Countries and Territories FINAL REPORT - ANNEXES May 2014 The project is funded by The project is implemented by the European Union Resources and Logistics “This report was prepared with the financial support of the European Commission and presented by RAL. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the European Commission. Study on Renewable Energies and Green Policy in the OCTs Annexes to the Final Mission Report Study on Renewable Energies and Green Policy in the OCTs Annexes to the Final Mission Report CONTENT ANNEX 1 – OCTS’ ENERGY PROFILE SHEETS Caribbean OCTs Anguilla 2 Aruba 7 British Virgin Islands 15 Cayman Islands 19 Montserrat (UK) 28 Bonaire 32 Curaçao 35 Saba 38 Sint Eustatius 41 Sint Maarten 44 Saint-Barthélemy 47 Turks & Caicos islands 51 Pacific Ocean OCTs Pitcairn Islands 60 New Caledonia 66 French Polynesia 88 Wallis & Futuna 103 Other small populated OCTs Falkland Islands 112 Greenland 123 St Helena 138 St Pierre & Miquelon 154 Mayotte 165 ANNEX 2 – RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS Renewable energy technologies Biomass trigeneration 175 Waste to energy 182 Micro-Hydro power 190 Solar Cooling, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration 197 Geothermal Heating and Cooling through GHPs 204 Tidal power 209 Wave power 215 Seawater Air Conditioning 221 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) 226 Specific applications Renewable energy storage technologies 231 Renewable energy technologies based Desalination (RED) 237 Renewable energy smart grids 240 Rural Electrification with Renewable Energy technologies through Microgrids (REM) 244 Study on Renewable Energies and Green Policy in the OCTs Annexes to the Final Mission Report ANNEX 3 – LIST OF THE MAIN DOCUMENTS USED FOR THE STUDY 250 ANNEX 4 – TERMS OF REFERENCE 256 Study on Renewable Energies and Green Policy in the OCTs Annexes to the Final Mission Report A.1 Energy profile sheets – Caribbean OCTs - Anguilla - Aruba - British Virgin Islands - Cayman islands - Montserrat - Bonaire - Curaçao - Saba - Sint Eustatius - Sint Maarten - Saint-Barthélemy - Turks and Caicos Islands May 2014 1 Study on Renewable Energies and Green Policy in the OCTs Annexes to the Final Mission Report Anguilla Energy profile 1. Socio-economic data General data Population 15,754 (2013 est.) Urban population 93.4% Surface area 91 km² GDP 175.4 million USD (2009 est.) GDP per capita 12,200 USD Main economic activities: Anguilla has few natural resources, and the economy depends heavily on luxury tourism, offshore banking, lobster fishing, and remittances from emigrants. Increased activity in the tourism industry has spurred the growth of the construction sector contributing to economic growth. Anguillan officials have put substantial effort into developing the offshore financial sector, which is small but growing. In 2011 Anguilla became the fifth largest jurisdiction for captive insurance. A 3.3% increase in GDP is expected for 2012 following a period of rapid expansion (2004-2007) and contraction (2008-2010). Weak global demand for tourism and oil price volatility are downside risks to economic growth moving forward. 2. Energy profile 2.1 General data ) ar (%pop) Electricity e y kWh) / Access to Access electricity customers Total consumption Total (MWh/ installed Total (MW)) capacity (2010) Peak load MW growth Peak load (up to 2015) tariff Average (EUR 5% / 87,210 33.1 15.3 18.5 yr L) / Fossil fuels Renewable energy Oil imports Oil exports imports Diesel Diesel Average (EUR price Total RES (% of share elec. generation) Total RES (% of share elec. installed capacity) No No No No 0.13% 0.2% data data data data May 2014 2 Study on Renewable Energies and Green Policy in the OCTs Annexes to the Final Mission Report 2.2 Energy dependency situation Fossil fuels account for almost all of Anguilla’s primary energy sources, and virtually all of its power generation. Anguilla is a small isolated electricity system, with power provided by the Anguilla Electricity Company Ltd (ANGLEC), a vertically integrated utility, owned in its majority by the Government. ANGLEC runs eleven diesel gensets, with a total installed capacity in 2012 of 33.1 MW. At current demand growth rates, the reserve capacity margin will require additional generating capacity for the next five years, as well as continued decommissioning of two older units. ANGLEC’s expansion plan calls for to add an additional 5.1MW diesel unit. The power consumption in 2010 was 87.2 GWh. ANGLEC’s system losses in 2010 (13%) were high compared to other Caribbean utilities. There is no utility scale renewable electricity plant and almost no distributed renewable generation. The few distributed systems are not connected to the grid. 2.3 Renewable energy situation and potential Solar Wind Bioenergy Hydro Geothermal Marine RE present generation in - - - - - - 2012 (GWh/y) RE present installed - - - - - - capacity in 2012 (MW) RE estimated potential - - - - - - (GWh/y) RE estimated potential installed capacity in 2020 - - - - - - (MW) There are only two off-grid RE-fuelled systems installed so far. Public awareness regarding renewable energy needs indeed to be raised. 3. Institutional and regulatory framework Anguilla Electricity Company Limited (ANGLEC) is the vertically integrated public electricity supplier that produces, transmits, and distributes all electricity on the island. The Government has a majority shareholding (56%) in ANGLEC. The remaining 44% is held by the National Bank of Anguilla, the Caribbean Commercial Banks, other local companies, and the general public. The Governor, Executive Council, and the Ministry of Infrastructure, Communications, Utilities, and Housing (MICUH) are the key government actors that set energy policy, issue licences, and regulate the power sector. The Ministry of Home Affairs is responsible for reviewing and approving applications for new energy projects, and for issuing permits. May 2014 3 Study on Renewable Energies and Green Policy in the OCTs Annexes to the Final Mission Report The Anguilla National Energy Committee (ANEC), and the Anguilla Renewable Energy Office (AREO) are the two non-profit organizations that hold public consultations and work with donors to support renewable energy development. IPPs aren't legally allowed, unless the utility assigns its rights under contract. 4. Significant changes since 2008 In July 2012, ANGLEC has prepared a draft Request for Proposals for a utility scale solar PV installation (1 MW). Additionally, the government has published a redevelopment plan for Corito Bay that includes a future utility scale wind installation, and a potential waste-based plant. 5. Development perspectives and challenges of a road map The National Energy Policy (published in 2008) mentions the need to identify available renewable energy sources and technologies that are practical, commercially viable and suited to the culture and economy of Anguilla, and to draft and implement legislation and regulations to promote energy efficiency measures. Following this, a study on Anguilla’s Renewable Energy Integration Project was commissioned in 2012 to the Castalia Advisory Group1. Because Anguilla’s electricity costs are among the higher in the Caribbean region, priority objective for integrating renewable energy is to reduce electricity costs in the long term. 5.1 Renewable energy Uptake of renewable energy is today very limited in Anguilla. There is no utility scale renewable electricity plant, and almost no distributed renewable generation (the little that exists is not connected to the grid). Anguilla’s renewable energy potential is good, and likely to help the country save on fuel costs and stabilize energy prices in the long term. However, it is unlikely to create profound savings and changes, at least in the short to medium term. The Anguilla National Energy Policy 2008-2020 provides recommendation for the development of renewable energy on the island: 1. Identify available renewable energy sources and technologies that are practical, commercially viable and suited to the culture and economy of Anguilla 2. Draft and implement legislation and regulations to promote energy efficiency measures 3. Update current legislation to enable regulatory and legislative enactments to encourage the utilization of renewable energy sources in the energy sector 4. Environmental Impact Assessments of new energy-related projects to be mandatory 1 Anguilla renewable energy integration project, Castalia Advisory Group, 19 October, 2012. May 2014 4 Study on Renewable Energies and Green Policy in the OCTs Annexes to the Final Mission Report 5. Encourage short and long-term programs for active research, development and training in renewable energy technologies and designs 6. Establish bilateral and multilateral cooperation programs as a means of harnessing existing expertise from within and outside of Anguilla 7. Implement appropriate pricing policies to ensure that adequate energy supplies are delivered to all economic sectors efficiently 8. Facilitate an improved and sustainable energy supply network with sufficient incentives to encourage private sector investments. Further strategies to promote the use of renewable energy are suggested in the National Anguilla Energy Policy: 1. Increase public awareness of the benefits of renewable energy 2. Provide
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