11 October 2019 the Honourable Mark Bailey MP Minister

Report to Parliament

OFFICIAL VISIT TO LYON, LONDON AND OSLO

6 – 11 October 2019

The Honourable Mark Bailey MP Minister for Transport and Main Roads

Contents

Report to Parliament | Official Visit to Lyon, London and Oslo 6-11 October 2019 The Honourable Mark Bailey MP – Minister for Transport and Main Roads Page 2 of 29 Program All times are in local times – AEST, GST, BST, CEST Saturday 5 th October 2019

Time Particulars 9.00pm (AEST) – 5.10am (GST) FLIGHT Brisbane to Dubai, UAE Qantas QF8435 (code share Emirates) Flight time | 14hrs 10mins

Sunday 6 th October 2019

Time Particulars 5.10am – 8.20am Arrive Dubai Airport Stopover duration | 3hrs 10mins 8.20am (GST) – 1.30pm (CEST) FLIGHT Dubai, UAE to Paris Emirates EK0073 Flight time | 7hrs 10mins 2.30pm - Travel to Gare de Lyon train station 6.59pm – 8.56pm TRAIN Paris to Lyon - TGV 9.00pm Travel from train station to Hotel ACCOMMODATION | Hotel Carlton Lyon

Monday 7 th October 2019

Time Particulars 10.00am – 11.00am MEETING | Keolis Lyon – Welcome Location | 19 Boulevard Marius Vivier Merle, 69003, Lyon 11.00am – 11.45am MEETING | Keolis Lyon – Hydrogen and electric vehicles Meeting with | Jean-Marc Ducros, Director, Sustainable Energies 11.45am – 12.30pm MEETING | Keolis Lyon - Light Rail Location: 19 Boulevard Marius Vivier Merle, 69003, Lyon

12.45pm – 2.00pm LUNCH AND MEETING | SYTRAL (Local transport authority)

2.00pm – 2.30pm Keolis - TCL multimodal network tour Location | Gare Part Dieu

2.30pm – 3.00pm Take metro B line from Gare Part Dieu to Debourg

3.00pm – 3.30pm Take tram T1 to Confluence

3.30pm – 4.00pm Confluence - Presentation of NAVYA’s autonomous vehicle

4.00pm – 4.30pm Take tram T1 then Metro B to Part-Dieu Return trip to Gare Part-Dieu

5:30pm- 8:00pm DINNER with Keolis Board representative

ACCOMMODATION | Hotel Carlton Lyon

Report to Parliament | Official Visit to Lyon, London and Oslo 6-11 October 2019 The Honourable Mark Bailey MP – Minister for Transport and Main Roads Page 3 of 29

Tuesday 8 th October 2019

Time Particulars 4.15am – 4.45am Travel to Lyon Lys Airport Terminal 1 6.45am (CEST) – 7.35am (BST) FLIGHT Lyon to London British Airways BA0365 Flight time | 1hr 50mins 7.35am (BST) Arrive London Heathrow Airport Terminal 3

8.35am – 10.30am Travel to Farringdon Crossrail Station

10.30am – 11.30am TOUR | Farringdon Crossrail Station Location | Farringdon Crossrail Station 11.30am – 12.00pm Travel from Farringdon to Kings Cross.

12.00pm – 1.30PM MEETING and LUNCH | Bombardier Location | St Pancras Brasserie by Searcys - Upper Concourse, St Pancras International Station, Euston Road, London 1.30pm – 2.30pm Travel from Kings Cross to Southwark

2.30pm – 3.30pm MEETING | Cycle Superhighways Presentation and VR Simulation Location | Palestra, 197 Blackfriars Road, London 3.30pm – 4.00pm MEETING | Mike Brown – Transport for London Commissioner Location | Commissioner’s Office - 11Y8, Palestra, 197 Blackfriars Road, London

4.00pm – 6.00pm Travel and TOUR | Cubic Innovation Centre Location | 10 Fleet Pl, Farringdon, London ACCOMMODATION | The May Fair Hotel Mayfair

Wednesday 9 th October 2019

Time Particulars 4.45am – 5.30am (BST) Travel to London Heathrow Airport Terminal 5 7.35am (BST) – 10.45am (CEST) FLIGHT London to Oslo British Airways BA0762 Flight time | 2hrs 10mins 10.45am Arrive Oslo Airport

11.45am – 12.05pm Travel to the Radisson Blu Plaza Hotel Oslo to drop off luggage

3.00pm – 5.00pm MEETING | Ruter AS Location | Ruter Office Dronningens gate 40, Downtown Oslo

ACCOMMODATION | Radisson Blu Plaza Hotel Oslo

Report to Parliament | Official Visit to Lyon, London and Oslo 6-11 October 2019 The Honourable Mark Bailey MP – Minister for Transport and Main Roads Page 4 of 29

Thursday 10 th October 2019

Time Particulars 9.00am – 11.00am MEETING | City of Oslo Location | Oslo City Hall main entrance - Rådhusplassen 1, 0037 Oslo 11.00am – 12.30pm TOUR | Public transport and electric tour of Oslo with Ruter and City of Oslo representatives Location | Start at Oslo City Hall - Rådhusplassen 1, 0037 Oslo 12.30pm – 2.00pm MEETING and LUNCH | Bernt Reitan Jenssen, CEO Ruter AS Location | Ruter Officer, Dronningens gate 40, Downtown Oslo 2.15pm (CEST) – 3.00pm (CEST) Travel to Oslo Airport

5.05pm (CEST) – 6.25pm (BST) FLIGHT Oslo to London British Airways BA0767 Flight time | 2hrs 20mins 10.45pm (BST) Arrive London Heathrow Airport Terminal 5 Stopover duration | 3hrs 55mins 10.15pm (BST) – 8.05am (Friday FLIGHT London to Dubai 11/10/19 GST) Emirates EK0006 Flight time | 6hrs 50mins

Friday 11 th October 2019

Time Particulars 8.05am (GST) Arrive Dubai Stopover duration | 2hrs 30mins 10.35am (GST FLIGHT Dubai to Brisbane QANTAS QF8434 Flight time | 13hrs 50mins

Saturday 12 th October 2019

Time Particulars 6.25am (AEST) Arrive Brisbane

Report to Parliament | Official Visit to Lyon, London and Oslo 6-11 October 2019 The Honourable Mark Bailey MP – Minister for Transport and Main Roads Page 5 of 29 Minister’s Official Delegation Members

The Honourable Mark Bailey MP Minister for Transport and Main Roads

Chief of Staff – Office of the Minister for Transport Ms Tam van Alphen and Main Roads General Manager (Passenger Transport Integration) Mr Peter Milward TransLink Division | Department of Transport and Main Roads

Report to Parliament | Official Visit to Lyon, London and Oslo 6-11 October 2019 The Honourable Mark Bailey MP – Minister for Transport and Main Roads Page 6 of 29 MEETING | Keolis Lyon

Date | Monday 7 th October 2019 Location | Lyon

Attendees | The Honourable Mark Bailey MP Minister for Transport and Main Roads

Ms Tam van Alphen Chief of Staff – Office of the Minister for Transport and Main Roads Mr Peter Milward General Manager (Passenger Transport Integration) TransLink Division | Department of Transport and Main Roads Keolis

Mr Pascal Jacquesson, Director-General

Mr Philippe Bois Group Performance Director

Mr Giles Spence Director of International Communication and Public Affairs Mr Francois Vallin Delegations Lead

Mr Jerome Berthonneau Deputy CEO – Operations Director

Mr Jean-Marc Ducros Alternative Energy Vehicles Director

Mr Francois Vinsonneau Director Centre of Excellence Metro Tram

Ms Benedicte Lafon Urban Surface Network Development Lead

Background |

In France there is a significant focus on reducing emissions, particularly through the transport sector. Public transport is seen as a means of providing more sustainable transport options and reducing private vehicle use. Keolis Lyon and Sytral the Lyon public transport authority have made significant strides in providing a fully integrated network, implementing new transport modes and expanding existing modes and moving the fleet to more environmentally sustainable platforms.

Keolis is currently in the final commissioning process for a new tram line which will make public transport more accessible to the inhabitants of Lyon and is trialling autonomous vehicle s with a Navya vehicle in the Navly business district. They are also undertaking

Report to Parliament | Official Visit to Lyon, London and Oslo 6-11 October 2019 The Honourable Mark Bailey MP – Minister for Transport and Main Roads Page 7 of 29 significant research into clean and zero emission vehicles ranging from hybrid, hydrogen, biofuels to full battery electric. This is being driven out of major policy commitments across the European Union and in France to move to a zero-emission environment.

The briefings and tour of the Lyon network provided the Minister with detailed ‘lessons learnt’ information in respect of world best practice integrated public transport, including utilising their Metro system, buses and trams and experiencing the Navya autonomous vehicle in an off-road environment in the Navly business district. An inspection of the Raymond Barre tramway bridge and commissioning and testing of the new tram line (T6) was also undertaken .

Meeting summary | The following is noted in relation to Lyon's public transport system: • 3.3 billon passengers use the system each year • Around 1.8 million trips are made each day • There are six modes of transport, including Autonomous Vehicles • The public transport authority is SYTRAL (Authority for Rhone Department) • There was a 5% increase in mode share in the last year • There are €4.5 billion in assets held • Lyon is in the process of launching a new tram line • The first automated shuttle was launched in 2016 (Navya)

Keolis Lyon and Lyon SYTRAL Public Transport Authority (PTA)

The PTA is responsible for all transport services in Greater Lyon and the Council chooses people and officials to represent certain geographical areas across the region.

Keolis Lyon has been contracted since 1985 and is a 100% subsidiary of the Keolis Group. It currently has 4,500 employees of which 2,500 are operators (drivers). The organisation has an annual turnover of €380 million.

In terms of the division of responsibilities between the two organisations, the PTA manages the Lyon transport network but also the bus and coach networks outside the city of Lyon and tram service to Lyon airport. The PTA is the organising authority and undertakes the following activities: • Defines the transport offer (draws routes and determines frequency) • Determines fare policy • Makes all of the heavy investments (rolling stock, infrastructure, ticketing) • Selects the operator through a competitive tendering process (every 6 years) • Manages the contract with the operator

Keolis Lyon is the operator for the Lyon network and undertakes the following: • Operates the public transport service as defined by the rules in the contract • Maintains the rolling stock and manages the assets • Brings international expertise to the PTA

Report to Parliament | Official Visit to Lyon, London and Oslo 6-11 October 2019 The Honourable Mark Bailey MP – Minister for Transport and Main Roads Page 8 of 29 • Promotes usage of public transport • Constantly strives to improve the level of service offered (staff training, quality control, commercial strategy, digital solutions)

Lyon is a fully multi-modal transit network and is the largest network in France after Paris with five modes. These include: • 4 subway lines – 32km • 5 tram lines – 61km • 2 cable car lines – 1.2km • 9 trolley bus lines – 71km • 132 bus lines including 20 mini bus lines – 1288km • 196 school lines

In 2015, the mode share across the network was: • 38% active transport • 20% public transport • 42% private vehicles

There are strong connections between the public transport and road networks through the provision of park and ride sites on the outskirts of the city. Currently, 74% of trips are made with electric vehicles and kilometres travelled across the network are around 55 million per annum with approximately 350 trips per head of population.

No further diesel buses are planned for the network at the end of this year and 250 buses in the fleet are due to be replaced by 2025. Approximately half of the trolley bus fleet is electric, and these vehicles batteries can be replenished through in motion charging (IMC). The bus fleet is being replaced with a combination of natural gas and electric vehicles. Articulated vehicles also comprise a combination of natural gas and electric with IMC. The high capacity line in Lyon takes around 60,000 trips per day and is served by an articulated and trolley bus fleet with a five minute frequency. Biarticulated vehicles have been trialled but due to the difficulties with the street layout (constrained corridors and tight bends) these types of vehicles have not been deployed.

The PTA made a decision to reduce vehicles emissions from 2020 with zero emission vehicles after 2025. This is to comply with French law, reduce emissions in the City, meet the European Union agreed emissions controls (health objectives) and create mode shift to public transport.

Lyon transit customers are placed at the core of the network. There are four key transit hubs, a vehicle fleet which is completely accessible, 467 vending machines, 220 retail service points, 6 sales offices and phone service during normal network hours. There are more than 25 park and ride facilities with 7,500 spaces, located near subway or tram stops in the surrounding area of Lyon.

Report to Parliament | Official Visit to Lyon, London and Oslo 6-11 October 2019 The Honourable Mark Bailey MP – Minister for Transport and Main Roads Page 9 of 29 Keolis has worked to extend life of the assets and has implemented refurbishment programs to extend the life of rolling stock from 45-50 years. This has been possible through a range of strategies including: • development of comprehensive maintenance plans • management of obsolescence • improved vehicle accessibility • increasing capacity on metro trains through reconfiguration of seats

Keolis is trialling a number of smart initiatives including electric driverless autonomous shuttles and forging strong relationships with start-ups to undertake modelling and simulation activities.

Key facets of the autonomous vehicle service trial are: • 1.4 km off road route, serviced by two vehicles • The service is popular with tourists • The aim is to provide for more commuter connectivity • Provides for a first and last mile connection in the business district • It enables a cheaper solution because there is no driver (the vehicle however does have an operator during the trial phase) • Can be deployed into areas where buses and trains are not able to go • Its speed is limited to 15 km/hour (maximum speed) • Keolis is planning to launch another service to connect to the football stadium – which is specifically for employees and visitors (when there are no events). It will connect the tram station to the stadium and utilise the road

In relation to economic performance, the cost per kilometre in Lyon is €6.30 compared to €10.30 across the European Union. The cost recovery based on farebox revenue in Lyon is 60% against 45% in the European Union and 35% across France. The cost per head of population is €133 compared to €243 in the European Union. There are 250 network officers and fare evasion is down 8% from 18% to 10% over a ten-year period. Officers are deployed on the basis of a normal distribution with special operations performed over the interval of a week. These officers also have a security focus.

Alternative Energy Vehicles

There are key environmental and public health challenges associated with fossil fuel fleets. This has caused a significant rethink of mobility and uses. Some of the challenges and changes being faced by France include urban pollution (Nitrogen Oxide pollution (NOx), particulates), global pollution and warning (carbon di-oxide emissions - urban buses contribute 8%), dependency on oil and noise pollution and the effects this has on the nervous system. In response to these challenges France is aiming for zero emission zones, moving to renewable energy sources and soft transport modes.

Keolis has developed a hierarchy of drivers which span from a local focus through to the planet. In the local context air quality, noise, traffic, mobility and the greening of cities are a focus. In relation to regions, employment and economic factors play a role and with member states of the European Union greenhouse gas targets, incentives, tax schemes and

Report to Parliament | Official Visit to Lyon, London and Oslo 6-11 October 2019 The Honourable Mark Bailey MP – Minister for Transport and Main Roads Page 10 of 29 agreements underpin programs. When it comes to the continent and planet, greenhouse gas targets, action plans, regulation and the UN Kyoto agreement provide the framework for action.

The European Union agreed in April 2019 to reduce carbon di-oxide emissions from new trucks and buses by 30% by 2030. This included an interim reduction target of 15% by 2025. The clean vehicles directive was also revised to introduce mandatory procurement targets for clean buses. A clean bus can include an electric hybrid, hydrogen, natural gas, sustainable biofuels, synthetic and paraffinic fuels and LPG. A zero-emission bus relies on propulsion other than through a combustion engine.

Factors to be taken into consideration when choosing a low emissions bus solution include maintenance, environmental performance, clean air policies, Total Cost of Ownership (TCO), availability and maturity of technology, fiscal incentives, route characteristics and associated infrastructure.

From hybrid to fully electric technology

Mild hybrid Hybrid 100% Electric vehicle Alternative fuels Full hybrid Electric (depot charging) • Gas Hybrid plug in Electric (in motion charging • Vegetable oils (synthetic) (IMC) and plug in) • Methane (bio-methane) Fuel cell (depot charging) (waste of 7,000 people to fuel one bus for a year) (3 tonnes of batteries are required for a 12 metre bus, 5 tonnes are needed for a 18 metre bus) Low emission Zero emission

Bi-articulated electric buses are commencing to be deployed in Nantes (France) and there are four manufacturers in Europe for bi-articulated Electric Vehicles. In France there are a number of cities with trolley buses.

Some of the considerations for deployment of electric fleet include the TCO, capacity (a fossil fuel 12 metre bus can accommodate 100 passengers, whereas an electric bus can accommodate 80 passengers), speed and acceleration, flexibility, thermal comfort (40% of the energy is consumed onboard, less than 50% of battery energy is for mobility), autonomy, safety (600 volts on board) and overall environmental impact.

A system approach needs to be adopted with the transition to electromobility – it is not only a bus but a whole system. The system has a number of core elements such as vehicles and battery technology, charging infrastructure, energy supply, grid network connection, monitoring (battery health, smart charging, 100% vehicle availability) and certification for renewable energy.

Report to Parliament | Official Visit to Lyon, London and Oslo 6-11 October 2019 The Honourable Mark Bailey MP – Minister for Transport and Main Roads Page 11 of 29 A concept of operation needs to be developed based on a number of battery charging factors including the network design, training of the workforce, passenger comfort and expectations, weather conditions and weight of the vehicle.

Keolis has its largest fleet of 300 electric buses in the Netherlands and has deployed a bus rapid transport in Ametis in France with 43 fully electric buses (18 metre). This is expected to result in a 25% increase in passenger movements over the next five years. The system is supported by rapid charging technology at the bus terminal (4-5 minutes gives 40 kilometres of range) and a slower charge at the bus depot overnight (3-4 hours).

The disadvantages to electric buses are limited range, time required to recharge, cost of the global system and battery life.

Hydrogen is also being deployed in a range of jurisdictions in Europe for both bus and train. There are already 100 buses in Europe with more than 500 predicted in 2022. France has around 80 hydrogen fuel cell buses with an objective to have over 1,000 in four years under the Mobility Hydrogen France program. Under a national plan for hydrogen, launched in 2018 it is planned that by 2023, there will be 5,000 light commercial vehicles and 200 heavy vehicles deployed. The hydrogen sector is still under development and has a high TCO. By 2025 price parity will be reached with battery electric vehicles. In 2040, France will stop the use of the internal combustion engine and move to an electric driveline.

Tram (Light Rail) Network - Centre of Excellence Metro-Tram

The Centre of Excellence provides a range of assistance and project support including: • Bid support • Mobilisation support • Network expertise support • Knowledge management • Innovation Lab • Yarra trams – speed of trams and asset management framework

The Lyon tram network was launched in 2001. Since this time five tram lines connecting Central Lyon to the metropolitan suburban areas have been launched. A sixth tram line is to be launched in late November 2019. The tram network comprises 61 km of track, 107 stops, 92 trams, two depots and carries 370,000 passengers per day. It has a €1 billion asset base.

The tram network experienced a 50% increase in passengers during the period 2013-18 and adds to the backbone of the network. The bus network has also been progressively reconfigured including the bus feeder network and complementary services to provide an integrated network solution. The Lyon tram network has been benchmarked as the leading tram network by the Eurogroup. Some of the attributes that lead to this success are strong ridership, economic viability (60% cost recovery), multi-modal integration, accessibility and pricing and ticketing. Improvement areas relate to speed and urban integration.

Report to Parliament | Official Visit to Lyon, London and Oslo 6-11 October 2019 The Honourable Mark Bailey MP – Minister for Transport and Main Roads Page 12 of 29 One of the major initiatives being undertaken by the PTA and Keolis include the delivery of an €80 million tram capacity enhancement program. This will increase capacity between 15%-30% across a range of lines and provide an additional 23 trams and depot capacity.

The new tram line (T6) due to open in November 2019 will add 6.7 km, 14 stations and seven trams to the network and is expected to carry 24,000 passengers a day for a budget of €160 million. Some of the challenges experienced by the project included complex PUP work which takes a significant period of time, interfaces with the current network, scheduling of works to take place during less frequent times of the year, accessing temporary storage on other lines and bus replacement services.

The PTA and the operator play a critical role in key development projects with the PTA supporting public transport investments and overall management of the public network. Projects are identified in the PTA's five-year mandate (2015-2020) and are underpinned by a €1 billion investment. 60% of funds are directed towards new infrastructure and 40% on network renewal and investment. Major projects represent €875 million of the total investment.

The operations and maintenance contract held by Keolis is a 6-year contract (2013-2020). It is a fixed remuneration contract aligned to costs of operations with revenue targets. Farebox risk is taken by Keolis. Additional costs of engineering, operation and maintenance for new projects are provided for in the contract. A range of strategic advisory services by Keolis to the PTA are provisioned for in the contract. The ticketing system will be renewed in 2022 when it will be moved to a contactless system.

Report to Parliament | Official Visit to Lyon, London and Oslo 6-11 October 2019 The Honourable Mark Bailey MP – Minister for Transport and Main Roads Page 13 of 29 MEETING | Bombardier Transportation

Date | Tuesday 8th October 2019 Location | London

Attendees | The Honourable Mark Bailey MP Minister for Transport and Main Roads

Meeting summary |

A meeting was held with Bombardier Transportation to discuss some of their key projects and share global learnings. Bombardier plays a key role with the maintenance of rolling stock on the South East Queensland rail passenger network. It referenced its expertise in ETCS and signalling systems and some of the work it was undertaking in the United Kingdom. Bombardier also provided detail on its services and partnership models.

Report to Parliament | Official Visit to Lyon, London and Oslo 6-11 October 2019 The Honourable Mark Bailey MP – Minister for Transport and Main Roads Page 14 of 29 MEETING | Transport for London

Date | Tuesday 8th October 2019 Location | London

Attendees | The Honourable Mark Bailey MP Minister for Transport and Main Roads

Mr Mike Brown MVO Commissioner

Mr Sashi Verma Director of Strategy and Chief Technology Officer

Mr John Futcher Lead Sponsor - Cycling

Mr Chris Hambridge Portfolio Sponsor – Cycling

Background |

Transport for London (TfL) is implementing the Lord Mayor's vision and transport strategy to encourage greater active transport and cycling. Through the Cycleways program, safe cycling infrastructure has been built across London and its surrounds. This has vastly increased the uptake of cycling where cyclists can feel safe through the provision of segregated cycleways and removal of the interaction between cyclists and vehicles. There is a vision to reduce the number of fatalities and serious injuries to zero by 2041.

The contactless ticketing system in London has played a major in removing many of the barriers to accessing the transport system. TfL has worked closely with its delivery partner, Cubic Transportation Systems, to implement and refine the contactless system since its introduction in 2014. Fares policy was not changed and programming the new system had to take account of existing fares policies and concessions frameworks.

There are 60,000 new cards used on the system each day and the need for seasonal and weekly passes are reducing as 60% of patrons prefer a 'pay as you go' arrangement without the need to purchase a ticket. TfL has introduced daily capping and there is no price differential between Oyster and contactless. On the introduction of contactless, TfL

Report to Parliament | Official Visit to Lyon, London and Oslo 6-11 October 2019 The Honourable Mark Bailey MP – Minister for Transport and Main Roads Page 15 of 29 removed cash from the bus system because of the flexibility and safety contactless could provide.

Meeting summary |

CrossRail

The Minister was provided with a briefing on the CrossRail project and site inspection of the new Farringdon Crossrail Station which is the final stages of construction.

The Crossrail Farringdon Station has 250 metre platforms with screen doors – the platforms have been future proofed for deployment of longer train car sets in the future. The station has an open and airy feel despite being 30m under ground, and is based on modern design principles with full accessibility having been prioritised.

The group discussed the importance of wayfinding signage to manage passenger flows, with 24 trains per hour (peak, each way) a central concourse and provision of a large number of escalators and lifts to ensure entry to and egress from the station is made easy for customers.

Lessons learnt from this significant rail construction project, and the importance of community consultation and strategies to minimise impacts of construction and managing interface with other infrastructure was also discussed.

Cycling

A presentation was provided to delegates in the Transport for London (TfL) Offices in Southwark. A 2016 commitment was set out by Mayor of London to achieve more active transport in his Transport Strategy. The core commitments include: • 80% sustainable modal share by 2041 • 20 minutes of active travel per day for all by 2041 • Vision zero for road casualties by 2041 • Zero emissions by 2050 • 10% less vehicles in central London in the a.m. peak 2026 • 3 million fewer private car trips by 2041

Cycling is a crucial mode for Londoners and 720,000 cycle trips are taken each day. This is equivalent to 12% of bus journeys or 20% of tube journeys. TfL highlighted that 20 million journeys are made by Londoners every day and 8 million of these are made by motorised modes but could potentially be cycled all the way. TfL believes there is significant potential for cycling in outer London, with many journeys being taken by car that are less than two kilometres in distance.

However, there are a number of barriers to cycling which TfL is looking to address. The biggest of which is a significant fear of collisions and vulnerability. As a result, TfL has developed a 'Vision Zero action plan' to eliminate deaths and serious injuries from London's streets by 2041. Significant interventions include new cycling routes meeting new quality criteria under a

Report to Parliament | Official Visit to Lyon, London and Oslo 6-11 October 2019 The Honourable Mark Bailey MP – Minister for Transport and Main Roads Page 16 of 29 'Cycleway' brand. The criteria relate to volume of motor traffic, speed of traffic, width of cycleways, collision risk with vehicles, kerbside activity impact and interactions between heavy vehicles and cyclists.

Under the program 140km of cycleways have been delivered (72km separated). These include cycleways in the areas of Waltham Forest, Kingston and Enfield, a range of inner city road closures and cycleway enhancements resulting in significant increases in cycling. TfL is seeing at least a 50% growth in cycling with significant infrastructure solutions. Some of the challenges that have been overcome in providing more road space for cycling are the impact on the bus network, gaining political support, early engagement and disruptions during construction. TfL has an aggressive program with 450km of new routes planned by 2024.

Ticketing and Innovation

Mike Brown, TfL Commissioner, Sashi Verma, Director of Strategy and CTO and Simon Banks, Cubic Transportation Systems (TfL Account Director) discussed some of the key attributes of TfL's ticketing systems, technology platforms and customer work. They highlighted the significant collaboration that had occurred between TfL and Cubic in developing and implementing the contactless ticketing system. The relationship is based on a genuine strategic alliance by value adding through technology, removing the barriers for customers to purchase tickets which had resulted in a significant uptake of contactless payment to be the largest contactless system.

TfL highlighted that they do not look after the ticketing for national rail in London but are part of an integrated ticketing arrangement. TfL have endeavoured to work with other transport authorities outside London but have not had any success apart from Gatwick with a TfL supported contactless system and integrated ticketing.

TfL emphasised that its approach is to focus on the quality of experience to users and that from a customer's perspective ticketing is not essential to transport. Through the contactless system TfL has been able to remove significant cost from the system through removal of ticket offices and transition of ticketing staff into customer facing roles. The contactless system had a reasonably seamless transition, but major technical programming work was required as the ticketing fare policies did not change. London has a significant concessions framework and this had to be programmed into the system.

The contactless system has resulted in large increases in ridership and TfL discussed how contactless payment had reduced the reliance on periodic tickets with sales of season tickets down 40% and weekly tickets down 60%. TfL has introduced daily capping and there is no price differential between Oyster and contactless. 60% of journeys are now pay as you go journeys on contactless and there are 60,000 new contactless cards on the system each day.

While TfL has proven that contactless works, it does not mean technology solutions are simple. There have been a range of technology supported solutions such as a customer back office portal (CASC – Customer Account and Self Care) and significant logic built into the system to account for human error when customers interact with the system (90% of taps are errors). TfL

Report to Parliament | Official Visit to Lyon, London and Oslo 6-11 October 2019 The Honourable Mark Bailey MP – Minister for Transport and Main Roads Page 17 of 29 through the work on the ticketing system has redefined what they need to do in a 15-year horizon to support the city and influence the quality of life in the city.

Report to Parliament | Official Visit to Lyon, London and Oslo 6-11 October 2019 The Honourable Mark Bailey MP – Minister for Transport and Main Roads Page 18 of 29 MEETING | Cubic Transportation Systems

Date | Tuesday 8th October 2019 Location | London

Attendees | The Honourable Mark Bailey MP Minister for Transport and Main Roads

Background | Cubic is responsible for upgrading Queensland’s current ticketing system, to incorporate some of the world’s most advanced ticketing technologies including contactless payment and next- generation real-time passenger information. The new system will be the first account-based system in Australia. Cubic will draw on their global expertise, proven technology and experience from their other installations around the world including London, Chicago and Vancouver. The new solution will expand our ticketing options and allow Queensland’s public transport customers to choose a payment method that suits their lifestyle. For the first time in Queensland, contactless debit and credit cards, smart phones and wearable smart devices will be available for public transport payment methods, in addition to existing go cards and paper tickets.

Meeting summary |

Following discussions with TfL about the operation of Cubic’s installations in London, the Minister was provided with a tour of Cubic's Smart Mobility Living Lab in Greenwich where a range of demonstrations were given by Cubic staff.

These included a MaaS integration solution prototype on a cloud-based platform. This provided for an integrated booking and payment model from retailer through to operator and fleet manager.

Cubic discussed some of the complexities with such mobility solutions including the likely scale of having many market participants, programming a many-to-many platform interface and establishing and enabling the business to business credentials.

Report to Parliament | Official Visit to Lyon, London and Oslo 6-11 October 2019 The Honourable Mark Bailey MP – Minister for Transport and Main Roads Page 19 of 29 A presentation was also provided on Cubic’s trial of a range of sensor and ultra-wide band technologies to track and pay and prototype devices to improve notification to customers as to whether their payment has been successful including utilisation of sensors.

Report to Parliament | Official Visit to Lyon, London and Oslo 6-11 October 2019 The Honourable Mark Bailey MP – Minister for Transport and Main Roads Page 20 of 29

MEETING | Ruter AS

Date | Wednesday 9th October 2019 Location | Oslo

Attendees | The Honourable Mark Bailey MP Minister for Transport and Main Roads

Mr Eirik Andersen Communications Lead

Mr Frode Hvacttum Strategy Lead

Ms Gro Janbord Communications

Background |

In Oslo, Ruter the public transport authority is focussing strongly on the future of mobility and key drivers of change which relate to the concepts of electric, autonomous, connected and shared. Ruter's core response on its initiatives are founded on customer needs and sustainable solutions. There is a big push in Norway to cut emissions and deliver more sustainable and mobile forms of transport. Some recent mobility initiatives include transport for the elderly and activity transport for school sport. Oslo is in the process of transitioning its bus fleet to fully electric and has 120 e-buses (soon to be 160) out of a fleet of 1,200. Ruter has worked closely with industry, operators and planning authorities to implement the transition.

Meeting summary |

We had a presentation from Ruter the public transport authority for Oslo city and surrounding county, Akershus. Ruter is publicly owned, 60% by Oslo and 40% by Akershus and is governed by a Board, driven by customers. While Norway has a population of 5.2m, the County has a population of 1.25m and Oslo a population of 600,000-700,000.

Ruter is responsible for planning, infrastructure, procuring services, marketing services and ticketing and providing the customer interface. Revenue for the agency comes from a range of contributions including 55% from Oslo, 35% from the County and some revenues from toll roads (Cordon charging) and national government grants. The general population accepts the role of

Report to Parliament | Official Visit to Lyon, London and Oslo 6-11 October 2019 The Honourable Mark Bailey MP – Minister for Transport and Main Roads Page 21 of 29 public transport. The naming origin of Ruter is from ‘Router’, ‘to send forward’ and is a Viking term.

90% of Norway's power is from renewables (Hydro) and with a stable political environment the various governments have been able to focus on the reduction in carbon emissions. Oslo has introduced a climate budget to support the reduction in emissions and measures have been introduced through the budget with a range of KPIs. As an example, there are high taxes on fossil fuel vehicles and strong incentives to buy electric vehicles including reduced parking fees. Oslo also prioritises a range of active transport modes such as bikes. Both Oslo and the County of Akershus have experienced strong public transport growth since the inception of Ruter. Car journeys appear to have peaked and are starting to taper off.

Recent data on model patronage is as follows: • Buses 168m +5.7% • Metro 122m +3.6% • Tram 51m 0% • Ferries 4.4m +11.6% • Regional trains 42m +5.3%

Sporveien is the largest public transport provider and is 100% owned by the municipality of Oslo. It delivers tram, metro and bus services and has over 3,800 employees, with a revenue of NOK 4.952 billion. 275 million journeys were taken on this provider's network

A range of strategic projects have been commissioned with trams on order from CAF, a new signalling system to double capacity, improved signalling and infrastructure (central Oslo tunnel) and a major redevelopment of the central station 'Majorstuen'.

In Norway the transport sector is the biggest source of carbon emissions with 61% of emissions coming from this sector 4% of which is from public transport. There is a move to be fossil free by 2020 and have zero emissions by 2028.

Ruter has two main goals: 1. The growth in traffic shall be covered by public transport, cycling and walking 2. All public transport is to run only on renewable energy by 2020 and zero emissions by 2028

Ruter developed a significant transition plan to attain zero emissions. This included communicating a clear target to the market which has a fleet of 1,200 buses. The transition process is about system change and incorporates the value chain and associated infrastructure. There are currently 120 electric buses out of the 1,200 buses in the fleet. In a number of months this is expected to reach 160 buses. Buses have a life of between 7-10 years in Norway.

Ruter adopted an outcomes-based approach and worked closely with industry to develop a sustainable transition plan. Ruter kick started the process with an industry conference with around 100 participants from industry including manufacturers. The authorities were able to

Report to Parliament | Official Visit to Lyon, London and Oslo 6-11 October 2019 The Honourable Mark Bailey MP – Minister for Transport and Main Roads Page 22 of 29 clearly set out their goals and objectives due to their purchasing power. Ruter understood that the core of bus innovation devolved from truck companies but by involving industry they were able to drive change through understanding public transport needs and implementing stronger regulations in emission controls. The cost of transition was $100 million USD.

Work on hydrogen buses began in 2012 with a pilot project in hydrogen including recharging plant (hydrogen station). One of the key findings from the pilot related to problems in obtaining the supply of components. Ruter is seeing the market evolve more into battery electric vehicles with battery supply and production being driven out of China.

Battery electric buses (system changes): • E-Bus test started 30/11/2017 o 6 e-buses, 3 operators o 3 charging solutions – slow charging at depot, fast opportunity charging, bus and pole mounted pantograph • Phase in of e-buses in existing Oslo service contracts in May 2019 o 70 e-buses and 3 operators through the existing contracts o Manufacturers – Mercedes, BYD, VDL ° Artics – 4 doors rapid boarding, normal rigids 3 doors ° Focus on customer needs for example, provision of USB charging onboard o Implementation of 4 th charging solution (fast charging at depot) • Charging infrastructure requires space and significant planning is required to deliver the infrastructure

Ruter has implemented a policy of 'Circularity' to ensure social and environmental perspectives associated with going electric are considered. This includes: • options to re-purpose batteries when there is not sufficient power to run an e-bus as they still have 70-80% of their original power • production consequences as they require high energy intensity to manufacture – freshwater consumption is also assessed in the production process • Managing social issues as cobalt (an essential element for the batteries) comes from Congo of which 20% comes from child labour

Ruter has a study underway which is assessing the value chain for e-buses. This will be available in a number of months. Electric ferries are also being implemented and four e-ferries now operate. Emission free high-speed boats will be introduced in 2024.

Digital disruption has affected all industries and Ruter has been undertaking significant work in the digital space. It believes technology platforms will be critical as there are many actors, autonomous vehicles will drive a significant change in mobility, big data analytics enable every journey to be modelled, vehicle reductions could be significant and traffic volumes will decrease. Shared trips are still an issue in terms of take up and this is due to waiting and detour times. Reduction in both of these will start to address take up issues.

Report to Parliament | Official Visit to Lyon, London and Oslo 6-11 October 2019 The Honourable Mark Bailey MP – Minister for Transport and Main Roads Page 23 of 29 MEETING | City of Oslo

Date | Thursday 10 th October 2019 Location | Oslo

Attendees | The Honourable Mark Bailey MP Minister for Transport and Main Roads

Mr Sveinung Andre Kvalo Senior Adviser, E-mobility and Car sharing - Department of Transport and Environment

Background |

The municipality of Oslo presented on its climate action which has resulted in it being awarded the European Green Capital in 2019. It has set out clear goals to significantly reduce climate emissions by 2030, particularly from the transport sector. A climate budget has been introduced to effectively manage and account for the reduction in emissions and identify the costs and responsible units for implementation.

The Department of Environment and Transport provided detail on a range of policy measures adopted by the Government to incentivise the uptake of electric vehicles. These included reduced parking fees, no taxes on new vehicles, use of busways, free charging and tolling and deployment of more charging infrastructure. The department described how it was working to capture more data through the extension of tolling gates around the city to inform the movement of vehicles and track vehicle use.

Meeting summary |

Municipality of Oslo - Office of the Governing Mayor

Oslo has been the Capital of Norway since 1814 and has around 680,000 inhabitants. The population of Norway is 5.3 million and the greater Oslo area has a population of 1.2 million. 453.7km2 – two thirds of Oslo’s surface is protected as recreational area and may not be developed. Oslo is a municipality governed through a City Council that oversees a City Government and a number of departments including the Department of Environment and Transport. The political parties in City Council are dominated by conservative and labour parties.

Report to Parliament | Official Visit to Lyon, London and Oslo 6-11 October 2019 The Honourable Mark Bailey MP – Minister for Transport and Main Roads Page 24 of 29 Oslo has been awarded European Green Capital in 2019 by the European Union and won the award based on eight categories including climate action, local transport, nature and biodiversity, ambient air quality, acoustic environment, waste management, eco-innovation and energy performance.

Oslo has implemented a Climate Budget which is integrated into the ordinary municipal budget. It identifies emission reduction measures, identifies costs and the responsible unit for implementation and undertakes reporting as part of the budget cycle. The Department of Finance has portfolio accountability for the Climate Budget.

Oslo's climate action is defined by its Climate Strategy 2030 which outlines strategies to reduce carbon emissions by 95% by 2030, increase the natural capture of carbon di-oxide, reduce total energy consumption, strengthen the city's climate resilience, reduce the city's climate footprint and develop and implement climate governance.

Transport is responsible for 50-60% of the carbon emissions. Oslo is fortunate that 90% of its baseload power is generated from hydro-electric, so its carbon reductions are being measured off a different baseline compared to jurisdictions who are required to generate baseload power from carbon sources.

In relation to some specific initiatives Oslo has introduced optical sorting at its waste plant (Plastics blue, Regular white, Biodegradable green) and started a car free liveability program for the inner most part of city.

Department of Transport and Environment Oslo

Oslo's climate targets are ambitious as carbon di-oxide emissions from road transport account for a significant portion of the those (light vehicles 39%, heavy vehicles 15%). The other major emitters are the construction sector and heating. The Climate Budget is measured by the Finance Department who not only monitors the budget but is also required to monitor carbon emissions. Through climate action emissions have decreased by 10% per annum as measured over the last two years.

The transport climate budget had a recorded measure of 732,000 tonnes of carbon di-oxide in 2016. The measures implemented to reduce carbon emissions include: • Road user payments • National biofuel blending • Addressing fossil fuelled public transport • Emissions free construction

Policy measures were introduced to incentivise the adoption of green cars (though due to their success they are now being revised): • Zero registration tax • Zero tolls • Free parking • Zero VAT

Report to Parliament | Official Visit to Lyon, London and Oslo 6-11 October 2019 The Honourable Mark Bailey MP – Minister for Transport and Main Roads Page 25 of 29 • Access to bus lanes

As a result, there have been 260,000 sales of electric vehicles in Norway and major manufacturers are no longer doing research on internal combustion engines. With State incentives an E Golf TSI is cheaper than its petrol equivalent because it does not attract taxes. They are also cheap to use because of the following: • Low fares on tolls – maximum of 50% • Free parking – no more than 50% of fossil fuel vehicles • Access to taxi and bus lanes – 20 minutes to 1 hour per day • Large charging network - free charging until end 2019 • Support for private chargers (application-based support scheme)

There is a network of 1,300 chargers, with this being ramped up with 600 new charges in 2019. There is a desire by residents to charge at home and the city government has facilitated support for 20,000 new home charges in 2018. Unit owners apply through their Body Corporate to ensure the power system can be managed for complexes. Oslo is now preparing for electric taxis and vans.

Vehicle charging requires 10-15 hours per week and if the total transport fleet was electrified it would increase load on the electricity network by 15%. The network is currently being managed through the installation of smart metering, but Norway does not have a differentiated tariff system. If smart meters are not installed it would require additional infrastructure such as transformers.

The market share for new electric cars in Oslo is 77% in September 2019. In terms of market share for total fleet, Oslo is leading significantly. There are 2,000 chargers available for public use including 1,300 which are fully public and 700 private chargers available to the public. In relation to policy initiatives only zero emission vehicles will be allowed from 2024, temporary bans on the use of the most polluting diesel cars was instituted from 2017 and green freight deliveries were included in public procurements from 2018.

Congestion taxes have increased 74% (from 2017) and 22 new toll gates have been installed to increase the number to 73. This assists in capturing data on car trips and now 75% of trips are being recorded (previously 50%). 98% of the tolls are put back into public transport. The focus goes beyond private cars and policies are now focussing on electric construction equipment (electric excavators). Active transport is also encouraged including the adoption of electric bikes. The action plan for zero emissions targets zero emissions in 2050, 95% carbon emissions reduction by 2030 and also has measures to move the ferry fleet to battery electric.

Report to Parliament | Official Visit to Lyon, London and Oslo 6-11 October 2019 The Honourable Mark Bailey MP – Minister for Transport and Main Roads Page 26 of 29 MEETING | CEO Ruter AS

Date | Thursday 10 th October 2019 Location | Oslo

Attendees | The Honourable Mark Bailey MP Minister for Transport and Main Roads

Background |

Ruter's CEO presented on public transport and the future of mobility. Their vision is centred on sustainability, participation and freedom to move around. It involves customers, inhabitants, owners, stakeholders and employees. Ruter's strategies are framed around the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. Circularity is how Ruter ensures that its supply chain sources renewable materials and that labour is sourced ethically. Ruter emphasised the importance of its customers and meeting their expectations with new mobility and technology options was paramount.

Meeting summary |

Ruter - Public Transport and the future of mobility

Ruter commenced in 2007 and was an amalgamation of two authorities. Ruter is putting the focus back on real face to face communication with their customers because they own the company. Customers have to know the company, have influence and the interest of democracy has to be maintained. Ruter takes a systems perspective when planning and delivering its networks.

Since 2007, ridership from the County is up 90%, Oslo up by 60%, population has grown 20% and car journeys are down 7%. 387 million trips were taken on the network last year with growth of 4.2%. Growth has averaged 3.5-7% per annum.

Labour represents 60% of the total cost of operations. Ruter is planning for autonomy which will change the business model of public transport and result in more flexible fleet options and opportunities. In undertaking planning there are a range of compromises and potential for

Report to Parliament | Official Visit to Lyon, London and Oslo 6-11 October 2019 The Honourable Mark Bailey MP – Minister for Transport and Main Roads Page 27 of 29 significant disruption with the market positioning for change. The key drivers for change – the future of mobility - are: • Electric o Business efficiency o Electric motor is much more simple to maintain - 25% of cost of fossil fuel engine • Autonomous o More about the data that is collected o Data may be the ultimate revenue generator because it is extremely valuable o Business standards and privacy by design • Connected o Can create completely new services o Freedom to move by creating frequency o Artificial Intelligence (AI) and big data – building of own algorithms • Shared o Shared business models o In the future, AI will be able to look at personal calendars and nudge obvious transport options

Ruter's response is focussed in two key areas: 1. Customer focus – be close to customers 2. Sustainable solutions

Ruter used to have a traditional project model for delivery and have now moved to a continuous improvement model framework to reduce risks associated with a traditional project delivery. Ruter looks to understand what the problem is through determining customer needs. They are focussed on listening, learning, changing, failing and testing. Ruter believes that the creation of an environment where you can innovate that relies on significant trust with the people and elected governments and politicians is critical because errors will occur.

Some transport opportunities that Ruter have pursued and implemented are: • Transport for the elderly o Mini buses and dedicated travel options as they only need to go to a small number of destinations o Provides freedom of mobility • Activity transport o Logical problems for families – transporting kids to sport o Now an app-based system o Listened to customers to find out what they need

Ruter has established a new customer and co-creation centre and its new vision has foundations of sustainability, freedom to move around and participation (customers, owners, employees, stakeholders, inhabitants). The United Nations' sustainability goals feed directly into their business model to ensure there is overall effect. Procuring responsibly is also paramount, that is examining inputs such as freshwater consumption, ability to recycle and labour sources are critical. They call this the concept 'Circularity'.

Report to Parliament | Official Visit to Lyon, London and Oslo 6-11 October 2019 The Honourable Mark Bailey MP – Minister for Transport and Main Roads Page 28 of 29 Vison and objectives (sustainable freedom of movement) through to performance measurement are essential in Ruter's core operations. One initiative is the piloting of a program in Oslo of life without owning a car. 250 families applied in two days and handed over their car keys to Ruter. It required a total rebuild of an app system to facilitate access to mobility options.

Information technology (IT) and public transport interoperability are critical. Ruter has a new IT platform which is founded on open source code, open platforms and is cube based. Ruter has outsourced elements such as Information Service API’s, Payment API’s, Profile API’s and Management API’s.

In terms of customer and transport services technology the following have been implemented: • New sensors on buses which stream in data sets • 500 buses running on a new technology standard • 94% satisfaction with ticketing (app-based approach) - fare evasion down 5%

Report to Parliament | Official Visit to Lyon, London and Oslo 6-11 October 2019 The Honourable Mark Bailey MP – Minister for Transport and Main Roads Page 29 of 29