House of Representatives

1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9245 UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE spiritual ideals and principles. Fill us gentleman from Ohio [Mr. SMITH] to act APP-OINTMENTS IN THE REGULAR CORPS, with a dauntless faith in the wisdom and as a conferee in place o:f- the gentleman To be assistant sanitary engineers, effective power of Thy spirit, for Thou' alone canst from Michigan [Mr. CRAWFORD] and the date o/ oath of office touch to finer issues the creative and Senate will be notified of the action of John R. Thoman curative forces of our civilization. Thou the House. Richard J. Hammerstrom alone canst bring to fulfillment our deep· There was no objection. To be senior assistant sanitary engineers, est yearnings and highest hopes. EXTENSION OF REMARKS effective date of oath of office We humbly confess that · again and Richard S. Green Ralph C. Palange again our faith is eclipsed and shadowed · Mr. RIVERS asked and was given per Leonard B. Dworsky Graham Walton by doubt and we become disheartened mission to extend his remarks in the Francis B. Elder Howard W. Chapman and discouraged and feel that we have RECORD in tw(} instances, in one to in- Conrad P . Straub Gerald W. Ferguson been deceived by delusions. God forbid . elude an editorial from the Mobile Press· Elroy K. Day Richard S. Mark Register, and in the other an article by Charles T. Carnahan that we should ever be guilty of that pes simistic cynicism which believes that hu Mr. Frank A. Godchaux, president of the IN THE ARMY man nature is basically brutal and self Louisiana State Rice Milling Co. TEMPORARY APPOINTME.NTS IN THE ARMY OF THE ish and that we cannot expect anything Mr. LARCADE asked and was given UNITED STATES better from it than greed, hatred, re permission to extend his remarks in the To be rr:-ator generals venge, and war. Help us to conquer our RECORD and include a newspaper article Eugene Lowry Eubank doubts and discouragements upon our on the subject of rice. Grandison Gardner knees. - Mr. BARTLETT asked and was given Thomas Dresser White Hear us in our Saviour's na~e. Amen. permission to extend his own remarks in Frederick Williapl Evans the RECORD. . William Donald Old The Journal of the proceedings of yes Charles Franklin Born terday was read · and approved. Mr. ELLIS asked and was given per William Evens Hall mission to extend his remarks in the William Henry Tunner MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE RECORD and include a newspaper edi Laurehce Carbee Craigie A message from the Senate, by Mr. torial. George Clement McDonald Frazier, its legislative clerk, announced Mr. BLACKNEY asked and was given Francis Hopkinson Griswold that the Senate had passed, with an permission to extend his remarks in the Edward Sedley Bres amendment in which the concurrence of RECORD on the subject Flint Rent Con To be brigadier general the House is requested, a bill of the House trol Orders. Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf of the following title: Mr. CELLER asked and was given per APPOINTMENTS IN THE REGULAR ARMY OF THE H. R. 6689. An act to extend, for an addi mission to extend his remarks in the UNITED STATES tional year, the provisions of the Sugar Act RECORD. To be major generals of 1937, as amended, and the taxes with respect to sugar. SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED Charles Hartwell Bonesteel Mr. LANE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani· William Hood Simpson The message also announced that the Wilhelm Delp Styer mous consent that today, after the com Senate had passed, with amendments in pletion of the legislative business and any John Kenneth Cannon which the concurrence of the House is Harold Lee George other special orders, I may address the requested, a bill of the House of the · House for 25 minutes. Charles Philip Hall following title: Lewis Hyde Brereton The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Stephen J. Chamberlin H. R. 6885. An act making appropriations the request of the gentleman from Willis Dale . Crittenberger to supply deficiencies in certain appropria Massachusetts? Geoffrey Keyes tions for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1946, Harold Roe BuU and for prior fiscal years, to provide supple There was no objection." Henry Spiese Aurand mental appropriations for the fiscal year end TAX REFUNDS James Alward Van Fleet ing June 30, 1946, to provide appropriations George Edward Stratemeyer for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1947, and Mr. BAILEY. · Mr. Speaker, I aEk Clarence Rafph Huebner for other purposes. unanimous consent to address the House William E. Kepner for 1 minute. Willard Stewart Paul The message also announced that the Senate insists upon its amendments to The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Saint Clair Streett the request of the gentleman from West Muir Stephen ·Fairchild the foregoing bill, requests a conference Nathan Farragut Twining with the House on the disagreeing votes Virginia? Ennis Clement Whitehead of the two Houses thereon, and appoints There was no objection. Mr. McKELLAR, Mr. HAYDEN, Mr. RussELL, Mr. BAILEY. Mr. Speaker, I take this IN THE NAVY time to call to the attention of the House APPOINTMENT IN THE NAVY Mr. OVERTON, Mr. THOMAS of Oklahoma, Mr. BROOKS, Mr. BRIDGES, and Mr. GURNEY the fact that I am today introducing a Albert L. O'Bannon to be ensign in the line resolution asking the Treasury Depart· of the Navy. to be the conferees on the part of the Senate. ·ment to furnish the House of Repre· The message also announced that the sentatives, through its Ways and Means Senate had passed a bill of the following Committee, certain information relative HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES title, in which the concurrence of the to the carry-back clause, subsections (b) House is requested: and (d) of subsection 122 of the revenue act, relating to excess-profit taxes. WEDNESDAY, ·JuLY 17, 1946 S. 1477. An act to authorize relief in cer tain cases ~ : here work, supplies, or services I note in a publication of the Washing The House met at 12 o'clock noon. have been furnished for the Government ton Star· of yesterday that a council has Rev. Bernard Braskamp, D. D., pastor under contracts during the war. · been set up to begin consideration of re· of the Gunton Temple Memorial Pres APPOINTMENT OF CONFEREE ON OPA funds, and that out of a total of $20,· byterian Church, Washington, D. C., LEGISLATION 348,000,000 paid in 1944 and 1945, re· offered the following praY.er: funds in excess of $8,000,000,000 are now Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. pending. I think the House should know 0 Thou who art the sovereign ruler Speaker, on yesterday the gentleman the details of who is asking for these of the universe, grant-that during this from Michigan . [Mr. CRAWFORD] was refunds and the nature of them. new day with its new demands and op named as a conferee on the so-called OPA The SPEAKER. The time of the gen.. portunities we may have the insight to bill. The gentleman from Michigan is tleman fr..om West Virginia has expired. (iiscern and the heroism to follow Tliy now in the Pacific and unable to serve. leading which transcends and transfig I, therefore, ask unanimous cor•sent that PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE ures all our own feeble plans and desires. he be excused from serving·as a member Mr. GAVIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan .. We pray that we may be encouraged of the committee of conference. imous consent to address the House for in the great enterprise of building a more The SPEAKER. Without objection, it 1 minute and· to revise and extend my brotherly world on the foundation of the is so ordered, and the Chair appoints the remarks and include a newspaper article. 9246 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 17 The SPEAKER. Is there objection to agency; together with a full , statement of -Unfortunately, however, reorganizg,tion the request of the gentleman from Penn expenditures of money for the said broad plans Nos. 2 and 3 do not have the force sylvania? casts, press releases, and other propaganda, and eifect of law. In my opinion, a great There was no objection. since February 18, 1946. mistake was made when those plans were [Mr. GAVIN addressed the House. His The SPEAKER. The Chair holds that not disapproved in accordance with the remarks appear in the Appendix.] the resolution is not privileged, and provisions of the Reorganization Act of 1945. They were disapproved by tremen THE NATIONAL DEBT therefore cannot recognize the gentleman at this time for the purpose of calling dous majorities in this House. Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani it up. It is a dangerous state of aifairs when mous consent to address the House for we undertake to legislate by executive de 1 minute ·and to revise ~d extend my EXTENSION OF REMARKS cree. I have today introduced a bill to remarks. Mr. LEFEVRE asked and was given per repeal reorganization plans 2 and 3. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to mission to extend his remarks in the Very briefly, Mr. Speaker, it should be the request of the gentleman from Penn RECORD and include an editorial by Mark noted that reorganization plan No. 2 sylvania? Sullivan. seeks to abolish the United States Em There was no objection . . Mrs. LUCE asked and was given per ployees CompE;:nsation Commission, and, Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, we see by mission to revise and extend the remarks in my opinion, that sort of procedure is the morning's papers that the United she intends to make in the Committee of not in the interests of proper adminis States reduces its national debt one and the Whole today on the bill S. 1717, an·d tration of the Government. The United a quarter billions of dollars. Trying to to include extraneous matter; also to ex States Employees Compensation Com fool the people again. Let us cut the tend her remarks in the Appendix of the mission has been · an outstanding Gov debt.down by $10,000,000,000. There is in RECORD and include several editorials. ernment agency with quasi-judicial pow the Treasury now cash to the extent of PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE ers. Its abolishment will not reduce the $12,281,000,000. We should have done number of Government employees, nor this several months ago and stopped the Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Speak will it reduce Government expenses, and interest on outstanding bonds. er, I ask unanimous consent to address these are the main factors to be consid We had this subject up a few weeks the House for 1 minute and to revise 'and ered in getting· rid of Government agen ago. You will remember that we went extend my remarks. cies which have no functions to perform in the red $~1,000,000,000-:ihd-over last The SPEAKER. Is there objection to or which duplicate the work of other year. You are going in the red over $10,- the request of the gentleman from Ne agencies. 000,000,000 this year. Now, let us stop braska? Vast numbers of Federal employees are There was no objection. fooling the people, let us cut down our c;Urectly inter~sted in the .reorganization expenses and let our · income equal our [Mr. MILLER of Nebraska addressed plan No. 2 and they are opposed to the outgo. Then we will be doing something the House. His remarks appear in the abolishment of the United States Em worth while. Where are you going to Appendix.} ployees' 'compensation Commission. get the money for this great foolish EXTENSION OF REMARKS There is more I can and wili say on this spending you cont:nue to do? It is time Mr. ROBERTSON of North Dakota subject, but I do riot think the time has to cut out many functions and depart arrived when. an Executive decree should ments now not necessary in this wild asked and was given permission to extend . his remarks in the RECORD. have the eifect of a repeal statute . spending administration. It is time for In connection with reorganization good sound business in government. It Mr. REED of New York asked and was given permission to extend his remarks plan 3, the shipping interests, . the ma is time to stop fooling our people. · Think rine inspectors. the people interested 1·.1 and act for a sound financial administra in the RECORD and include an article. Mr. COLE of New York asked and.was the grazing problems in the far West, tion. given permission to extend his remarks the people interested in the General OPA INFORMATION SERVICE in the RECORD and include an editorial. Land Office, have all objected. to this Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. Mr. · Mrs. BOLTON asked and was given plan. In addition, the merchant seamen Speaker, I oifer a . privileged resolution permission to extend her remarks in the are also opposed to reorganization plan and ask for its immediate RECORD and include a statement made by 3. Very briefly, I think there are many consideration. "' the Chancelor of the Exchequer in Lon and valid reasons why the Marine In The SFEAKER. Is a similar resolu don after the passage of the British loan spectors Bureau, the shipping interests, tion pending before any committee? bill. and the merchant seamen. should not be Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. A reso Mr. JUDD asked and was given per permanently kept under the United lution was sent to the Banking and Cur mission to extend his remarks in the States Coast Guard. They were placed rency Committee. Every member of the RECORD in three instances, in each to in there merely as a war measure. Now Banking and Currency Committee re clude a letter or article. that the war is over, they should go back to the Department of Commerce, ceived a letter from me enclosing a copy SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED of the resolution. The resolution I in which formerly had jurisdiction over troduced at that time to investigate Mr. HOEVEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask them. propaganda put out by the OPA was not unanimous consent that on tomorrow at It should also be noted that there was similar to this one. I think, Mr. Speak the conclusion of all business on the vigorous opposition to changing the er, that the resolution should be read by Speaker's desk and after any special or: status of S~. Elizabeths• Hospital in re- the Clerk. ders heretofore entered, I may be per organization plan No. 3. - The SPEAKER. The Clerk may read mitted to address the House for 15 min I think legislation being enacted by the resolution, if there is no objection, utes. the administration issuing reorganiza but it is not a privileged resolution and The SPEAKER. Is there objection to tion plan-s is the wrong way to proceed the Chair will not recognize for its con the request of the gentleman from Iowa? about these matters. I think. Congress sideration at this time because it is not There was no objection. should assert its jurisdiction and pass privileged. PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE legislation as such legislation is needed, If the gentleman desires, and if there after the appropriate committees have Mr. PITTENGER. Mr. Speaker, I ask had a chance to study and act on bills is no objection, the Clerk may read the unanimous consent to address the House resolution. introduced, either at the request of the for 1 minute. departments or by some Member of Con There was not objection. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to The Clerk read as follows: gress who is interested. I expect to have the request of the gentleman from Min some more to say about this bill which Resolved, That the Office of Price Adminis nesota? repeals reorganization plans 2 and 3. In tration be, and it is hereby directed and r~ quired to report to the House of Reprecenta There was no objection. the meantime, I hope the Members or' tives on or before December 1, 1946, the sub Mr. PITTENGER. Mr. Speaker, as Congress will have the time to look into stance and relevant detalls of all radio broad you all know, reorganization plan No. 1, these matters and study them, and I casts, press releases, magazine articles, pam which had far-reaching consequences, have no doubt that in both bodies of phlets, booklets, and other fprms of propa did not become law because it was dis Congress appropriate action will be taken ganda prepared o1· participated in, by said approved the other day by another body. to restore the status of the United States 1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9247 Employees' Compensation Commission authority of an irresponsible Govern The SPEAKER. Is there objection to and to permit the Department of Com ment agency the right to pass legislation the r_equest of the gentleman from merce to again have jurisdiction over merely by having the -administrative Florida? marine matters. official prepare a reorganization plan. There was no objection? When these plans were under consid It behooves Congress to look into these Tlie Senate amendment was concurred eration there was testimony to the effect matters because I understand that more in. ' that instead of decreasing the number of reorganization plans may be anticipated. A motion to reconsider was laid on the Federal employees, the sum total of the The SPEAKER. The time of the gen table. results achieved would be to increase· in tleman from Minnesota has expired. EXTENSION OF REMARKS many instances· the number of Federal HOPEWELL VILLAGE NATIONAL HISTORIC Mr. THOM asked and was given per employees, and that the expenditures in SITE, PA. mission to extend his remarks in -the volved would also be increased. This RECORD and include an article by Ed was not the purpose of the Reorganiza Mr. PETERSON of Florida. Mr. O'Neal. tion Act of 1945. hit seems to me that the Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to Mr. SABATH asked and was given per bureaucrats w o have apparently take from the Speaker's desk the bill mission to extend his remarks in the framed the proposed reorganization (H. R. 3533) to authorize revisions in the RECORD and include an article from the plans 2 and 3 are still living in a great boundary of the Hopewell Village Na Raleigh officer and so the story Florida? COMMITTEE ON IRRIGATION AND goes. I supported the bill which resulted Mr. LECOMPTE. Mr. Speaker, reserv RECLAMATION in the Reorganization Act of 1945 be ing the right to object, may I ask th~ cause I realized then, as I know now, that Mr. . MURDOCK. Mr. Speaker, I ask gentleman from Florida to explain this unanimous consent that the subcommit we have a lot of wartime agencies as well amendment? as some agencies that were created be- tee of the Committee on Irrigation and Mr. PETERSON of Florida. Mr. Reclamation be permitted to sit for 1 , fore the war, that_ought to be abolished. Speaker, the Senate amendment strikes You are never going to get a decrease in hour this afternoon during ·general out the provision whish would make this debate. Federal expenditures unless such steps subject to t_he surplus-property law. It are taken. Whoever is responsible for the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to is in the form which our own Public the request of the gentleman from Ari~ blueprints of reorganization plans Nos. 2 Lands Committee had originally report and 3 did not have in mind any reduction zona? ed it, and we feel the amendment should · There was no objection. in Government bureaus or any saving to be concurred in because these recrea the taxpayers. They simply had in mind, tional demonstration areas do have a VETERANS' DOMICILIARY INSTITUTIONS in my opinion, the golden opportunity of method of disposition provided under the Mr. McDONOUGH. Mr. Speaker, I reshuffling the different agencies so that act of 1942. The Congress has already ask unanimous consent to address the they could either create new jobs and provided a formula. This would leave it House for 1 minute. get rid of. some of the present experi that way, and it would com~ under the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ,.. enced employees, or else add to the num regular act of 1942 instead ·of the Surplus the request of the gentleman from Cali ber of employees in their respective bureaus. · Property Act. fornia? Mr. LECOMPTE. The Hopewell vii There was no objection. Those of us who believed that an hon ·. lage historic site is an effort to preserve Mr. McDONOUGH. Mr. Speaker, I est effort would be made to carry out the site of the first charcoal furnace in take this time to inform the Members of the wishes of Congress when we passed this country? the House that I have filed discharge the Reorganization Act of 1945 have Mr. PETERSON of Florida. Yes. petition No. 30 which, if it is signed by been sadly disillusioned. In my opin the adequate number of 218 Members, ion, only those who drew those Alice in Mr. LECOMPTE . . The amendment places the bill back in exactly the same will bring before the House H. R. 5549, Wonderland reorganization plans really which will €"ive you an opportunity to know · how far reaching they may be. form in which it came out of the Public Lands Committee? abolish the practice of withholding pen Certainly, they were drawn in secrecy sions from veterans in hospitals and and submitted to Congress without any Mr. PETERSON of Florida. Yes; by unanimous agreement. domiciliary-care institutions. I am sure opportunity being given for. those agen that many of the Members of the House cies that were directly concerned to make Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, is this prop erty that has been declared surplus? agree that this practice should be abol any objections, they might have against ished. You have an opportunity to sign these plans, known to the committees. Mr. PETERSON of Florida. No; it has not been declared surplus and it is · this petitic;m now. True, we passed a I charged before the Committee on Ex- · bill the other day which suspends this penditures in the Executive Departments not contemplated being put under the Surpl:Is Property Act. practice for a period of ~ 7 months, but that instructions had been.issued in con that, in my opinion, is not adequate, nection with reorganization plan 3 for Mr. RICH. All of the property has to ·come under the Surplus Property Act. and I would appreciate it if every Mem bidding anyone connected with the ma ber signed the petition. rine' inspectors work to oppose perma . Mr. PETERSON of Florida. No. Un nently placing the marine inspectors der an act passed in 19-!2 there is specific • PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE under the jurisdiction of the Coast provision by which demonstration areas Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask Guard.· will be offered to States and Federal unanimous consent to address the House No one denied the truth of my state agencies first. If it goes under surplus for 1 minute. · ments. The reason why there was no property they might destroy the trees The SPEAKER. Is there objection denial was because what I said was true. and so forth. to the request of the gentleman from I saw copies of one of the orders which Mr. RICH. It comes under the clas Mississippi? forbid any employee from havio.g any sification where the cities and States There was no objectLn. opinion. I repeat that this ldnd of legis have the right to acquire it? Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, the gen lation is no legislation at all. Congress · Mr. PETERSON of Florida. The tleman from California [Mr." McDoN should not turn over to the arbitrary State would have the first right; yes. OUGH] seems to be unduly exercised. The ·9248 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 17 matter to which he· refers was taken up had a bill in the c.ommittee which au garians continue tc fight under ·the indomi by the Veterans' Committee, of which I thorized full pay for single men in hos table leadership of my first soldier and de ·am chairman, and was written into the pitals, but this is the best that was done. voted friend, Draza Mihailovitch. · bill that Las just passed the House and I hope the Senate -will amend th~ bill. I Yesterday the first soldier of King is now pending in the Senate. We went am very anxious that the Committee on Peter and his · devoted friend, General into that matter thoroughly. We had World War Veterans' Legislation report Mihailovitch, was executed. What a before us the representatives of the vari not necessarily my bill, H. R. 6304, but stain upon tl1e honor of a country. our veterans' organizations. We had be some bill to give the amputee~ automo:. fore us various Members of Congress. biles. It is a part of their rehabilitation GEN. ALEXANDER PAPAGOS We had before us the representatives of program. If this bill is not approved by Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I ·the Veterans' Administration, and· we the Veterans' Administration; I shall feel ask unanimous consent that it be in order worked out what we think is a proper their program for amputees a failure. A for the Speaker to declare a recess this solution of this problem. subcommittee has been appointed, and I afternoon at 3 o'clock in order that the Therefore it seems unnecessary to be · have hoped for at least 2 weeks that-· the Members may have the opportunity to bringing a bill out here to try to over subcommittee would report to the main meet a most distinguislled visitor to our haul or to undo what the Congress has committee in· order that the bill might be shores, one of the outstanding military just done in respect to this matter. passed. There is a petition on the desk leaders of the ·recent war and a great The servicemen who are interested, -to discharge the committee from further Greek hero, Gen. Alexander Papagos. and who know what it is about, seem to consideration of that bill. It is petition The SPEAKER. Is · th~re objection to be satisfied with the lill we passed the No. 32. If the committee reports out·the the request of the gentleman from Mas other day, and which, as I said, is· now bill, it is all right, and the leadership will sachusetts? pending in the Senate. bring it upon ·the floor for action; but if There was no objection. PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE it does not, the veterans will have no re lief. A petition then will be necessary. THIRD DEFICIENCY APPROPRIATION . Mr. HINSHAW. Mr. Speaker, I ask I shall object to adjournment until the BIL~, 1946 ·unanimous consent to address the House bill be passed. · Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Speak for 1 .minute, to revise and extend my er, I ask unanimous consent to take from .remarks, and to include certain letters. EXTENSION OF REMARK1? ...: the Speaker's table the bill -"'nce . of ·th. e pen_di'ng l'egi'slati'on . .· b ~en ec 1are over. That is a vast\.sub- away their military secrets about any- ...... ject. I think you could debate it tor a thing, and I believe that any man who . Ahd the more I listen to these sci«;mtists, w.hole year and not be very much fur- would give such .secrets away would re- cfiemists, physicists, and mathematicians ther along than you are right this mo- the more confused I become. . ment. It seems to me this matter could :!~t speedy, just, and severe punish- 'I started out really in favor _of this bill . wait a while. I do not see any need here · . Mr. REED of New York. What I am in spite of a lousy, dirty,' stinking edi- . under the circumstances for stirring up getting at is that the ·secret·is known by - torial charging me w.ith, trying to ob- : the matter. a .rather limited number of pretty high- _, struct it. I voted for the United Nations : · Mr. MAY. It will not hurt to have tile grade military men; is that not true? organization. I think it is the only hope - J~gislation ori- the statute books~ and I ~ _Mr. MAY . .. That is correct, together , in this world . . I v.:ant to implement it. : think it ought to be enact~d; I think the . with a few top scie'ntists. I think we must do that. bi_ll ought to be passed, but I doubt very Mr. REED of New York. - If you want ~ Science is knowledge, and Francis . much that it ought to be. made perma- to keep a secret, military or otherwise, Bacon once said, "Knowledge is power." nent with the vast powers the Com- · ar_!! you not more apt to keep that secret· The trouble with us today is that we have · mission will have and the widespread · when only a few pe·ople know it than you more power than we . know how to use. facilities it will have available. This.bill : are with many knowing it? ' It is misguided and misdirected. Dyna- . turns over to this Commission and takes -Mr. MAY. That is cor'rect, and that is mite can construct highways or it can . aw9.y from the War and Navy Depart- illustrated by the old saying that if you . blow men's brains into the mud. Unless :ments $2,250,000,000 worth of property want to keep a secret, never tell it to a we learn from human problems, all of that has l;>een utilized in the development w.oman. OlJ.r science, . knowledge, and highly of the bo~b and the other things in con- . Mr. REED of New York. The point 1 b<;>asted .twentieth-century civilization is nection with it. . want to bring out is that by this legisla- going to destroy us. Let us wake up. Mr. BARDEN. Mr. Ch~irm~n. will the tion more people would know it. The purposes and aims of this bill, no gentleman yield? Mr. MAY. Correct. doubt, are laudable and praiseworthy. I Mr. MAY. · I yield to the gentleman Mr. TABER. I understand there -is a would like to vote for some measure to from North CaroliiJa. provision here for the setting up of an help us-out of our dilemma, but it con- Mr. BARDEN. There are two things I enormous propaganda organization.. Is tains ·certain provisions that are very want to mention. One is the question. of it the understanding that Elmer Davis dangerous. I would like to vote for a penalties for turning traitor on this coun- is ·going to have charge of that? If so, :measure that is not unconstitutional or try and giving away the bomb secret. In- would the gentleman warm up to that · threatens to destroy our Nation. stead of its being a fine of $20,000, the kind of proposition? Nothing was said in the hearings or so , penalty should be death. .Mr. MAY. The only thing I know , far on this :floor about the cost of this Mr. KNUTSON. That is correct. al;>out is what I hear in the hearings and ' thing, 1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9253

D~ you know what w.e are going to do? in lend-lease we had to loan them $650,- The CHAffiMAN. The time of the We are going to set up an Atomic Energy 000,000 to pay us with. What suckers gentleman fr6m Missouri has again ex· Commission and give it the power ·of life we are. We have given away everything pired. and death over private industry in this except the dome of this Capitol. It is · Mr. MAY. Mr. Chairman, I yield 12 country. I do not like such a blanket, sickening to me. I faint when they minutes to the gentleman from North broad delegation of powers run riot laugh. r should not perhaps bring this Carolina [Mr. DURHAM]. taking it out of the hands of the people in the debate, but I do not care. It is in Mr. DURHAM. Mr. Chairman, I am of our Nation. I have the highest regard, the pattern and we cannot ignore it·. The always glad to follow . the gentleman of course, and the greatest respect for our only thing I can say-and I do pray-is from Missouri and to listen to him in professors, our economists, and our God help us. debate. The chairman of our commit.. teachers. I was one once. · Thank God, You propose now to hand your enemy tee has outlined to you the history of this I stopped before I became a member of a pistol with which to shoot you. Oh! legislation. Our committee was the first the "brain trust." You are smart people, are you not? We one to take it up in the Congress and the Mr. VOORHIS of California. Mr. will get it because we r..sked for it. first to consider it. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? The United States and our people have We devoted much time and study to Mr. SHORT. Yes. paid, the .. taxpayers of this Nation have atomic energy. We had extensive hear Mr. VOORHIS of California. I would paid, over $2,000,000,000 to develop this ings and during the hearings we listened like to ask the gentleman, fir,st of all, atomic bomb. You talk about mutual to practically all the scientists ·connected speaking as a person who is not ashamed transactions, intercourse, trade; we have with this work. We also listened to the of the fact that he has been a school got everything to give, we. have got noth· War Department and other officials in an teacher, whether he believes that the ing to receive. Go on being Santa Claus, effort to seek advice and to seek some provision in the bill which assures to but help our people first. way to control this weapon. Hearings every single American business that may Now, I want to say I do not know how began some 30 or 40 days after the first arise in the future, an equal opportunity I am going to vote on this bill. I never one was dropped. to the benefits of atomic energy, is de· was so confused and befuddled in all my Mr. Chairman, I would like to make structive of private enterprise. life. I mean it. Do not laugh-you are; some remarks on the subject of the Mr. SHORT. . No, but- too. We spent long days of study and atomic energy bill, S. 1717, which is before Mr. VOORHIS of California. That is we spent sleepless nights upon it. us. what the bill does. I have always thought that science, We saw, nearly a year ago, the victori Mr. SHORT. Well, that is state SO· knowledge, was international in its scope. ous conclusion of a war whose end was cialism. I ought to be a Communist. I You cannot hamstring the mind of man; greatly quickened by the use of atomic have nothing, and want to share it with you cannot corner his spirit by putting bombs. To produce those bombs, a great everybody. All that is horsey, horsey up artificial barriers. This atomic bomb array of scientific talent was concen· stuff. I cannot use stronger language was the product of many minds frau trated on. the problem for several years in the House. many countries. I do not think there are and about $2,000,000,000 of the public Now, what does this bill do? It sets so ·many secrets about it if you want to funds were spent. Now we· are con· up a commission of five members, the know the truth. fronted with establishing through legis chairman dra-wing $17,500 a year, and Mr. DURHAM. Mr. Chairman, will the others $15,000. I insisted upon that lation a public policy with regard to the the gentleman yield~ provfsion, because no doubt they could further development and control of earn much more in private industry. But Mr. SHORT. I yield. atomic energy to the end of servhig the they have got a general manager who is Mr. DURHAM. Is not that one of the common good of our people in peace going to get $15,000 a year. They have reasons why it cannot be kept a secret? and of assuring the common defense. Mr. SHORT. I think the gentleman While the first use of atomic energy a di~ision of research, a division of pro· duction, a division of engineering, a divi· made a point; and I want to argue that was a military one, our scientists have son of military application. They each science and knowledge are universal, and assured us that important peacetime get $14,000 a year. There is no end to it! no people, no nation has a monopoly on uses of atomic energy and of the by The sky is the limit. Then, of course, the discovery of truth. This is the prod· products ' of atomic power plants are they have got a general advisory- com· uct of many minds from many lands. already known and that oth~rs will mittee. They get $50 a day, ·for sitting The gentleman knows it and perhaps surely be developed as research goes on wherever they want to sit and hearing certain supposed enemies of ours-! do in this field. The Nagasakt bomb was whatever they want to hear, r;utting a not think we have any-we should not made of a brand new chemical eiement, halter on you and tightening the rope have any, although we have not a friend plutonium, manufactured in the uranium around your neck. You do not want left on the face of the earth-our en pile at Hanford. We are told that for this? emies perhaps know as much about this every pound of plutonium produced The point is, we are elected by the as we do, or even more; but I do not think, there were about 10,000,000 kilowatt people and we are responsible to them they have the methods of manufacture, hours of heat energy released by nuclear every 2 years. They can hire and fire us the know-how production, as far as the fission and carried away by the Columbia - this November. You cannot hire and integral parts are concerned. Uranium, River. Now work is proceeding on a pilot fire any bureaucrat down here in the plutonium, and the nuclear fission theory plant for the utilization of such energy. OPA, the CPA, or any other bureau. have been described to the committee. It is obvious that, because a power pile They are "appinted.'' I heard words used before our commit· produces plutonium as well as power, . The CHAIRMAN. The time of the tee that you cannot find in Webster's controls are necessary in the public in gentleman from Missouri has expired. Dictionary. I think your ignorance is terest. Mr. SHORT. Mr. Chairman, I will about as profound as mine. I adniit it. In the bill that came to us from the yield myself five additional minutes. I kno\\7 that this thing called science Senate after months of hearings, with They can hire and fire us. You can· and power can, save or destroy mankind. the approval of both parties and of the not hire and fire them. The only way I do not know how I am going to vote, Presiqent, it seems to me that adequate you can get rid of them is to get rid of but I am going to listen to the very protection of the interests of the military the guy who appoints them. I think the charming· and persuasive and delightful was provided for in the Senate bill. The American people will loolc after that lit gentlewoman from Connecticut. After top policy-making body, whose task is tle task a little later on. - Destroy the all, you have your own war departments, both to provide controls and to promote New Deal-a rotten steal. · we all have our private war departments. the further development of atomic Now, the other day we voted $4,400,· They give orders and we usually obey. I energy, is to be an Atomic Energy Com 000,000 to Great Britain. It is not $3,- have listened to the testimony in the mission of five full-time civilian mem 750,000,000. There was an additional hearings but I am going to listen to this bers, responsible to the President. This $650,000,000 to Great Britain. Why did debate today. Every seat in this Cham ... Co:inmission is to be advised on all mat we vote $650,000,000? To cancel over her should be occupied today. The future _ ters relating to military applicati the amendment requiring the Direc mittee, is it true the Arrriy and the Navy 15 minutes to the gentleman from In tor of the Division of Military Applica both stated that the amendment with diana [Mr. HARNESS]. tions to be a military man on active duty; reference to military representatives on Mr. Chairman, I make .the point of and (3) the amendment permitting the the Commission is not necessary? order that a quorum is not present. atmed forces, with the approval of the Mr. DURHAM. I am not sure whether The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will President, to maintain their own facili they made that statement or not before count. [After counting.] One hundred ties and manufacture atomic weapons, any committee. Our hearings were held and four Members are present, a quorum. independently. long before the Atomic Committee was Mr. SHORT. Mr. Chairman, will the ·I wish to state now that I do not be set up. ge-ntleman yield-for a brief question? lieve· that the three amendments just Mr. THOMASON. Mr. Chairman, will mentioned constitUte· desirable changes the gentleman yield? Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. I yield. in: the bill, and I intend to vote for their Mr. DURHAM. I ;yield to the gentle Mr. S!iORT. · Does not the gentleman removal. man from Texas. feel that until the war is officially de Referring to the first of these amend Mr. THOMASON. It is safe to say clared ended, until the peace treaties are ments, it must be evident that member that the record discloses that the Secre written, we certainly should hold onto the ship on the Commission is a full-time job tary of War in person and the Under Sec secret weapon we now have? - and that no military man could be on retary of the Navy both stated that they Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. I certainly the Commission ·and have, at the same favor the bill ·as it passed the Senate. do. I think there is no necessity for rush time, any other military responsibility. Mr. DURHAM. That is correct. ing this legislation through. I believe the However, he could not have an undivided Mr. KOPPLEMANN. That is the ques security of the Nation will be better pro loyalty to the Commission nor could he tion I wanted answered. · te·cted under the present set-up than it exercise independent judgment since, as would be under this bill. Mr. DURHAM. The gentleman asked Mr. Chairman, this measure is a threat # an officer on active duty, he would be re me if· they appeared before our com sponsible to his superiors in the Military mittee. to· free government. It grants more Establishment. It is clear that the pur Mr. SHORT. Of course, they know as complete and ·sweeping power and au pose of this amendment is to increase thority to an executive agency than any much about the bill as we do. other proposal ever c·onsidered in the the amount of direct military control in Mr. DURHAM. I think so, yes. the top policy-making body which our United States Congress. The bill liter military leaders tell us they do not re Mr. VORYS of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, ally places in the hands of a five-man quire and which the American people cio will the gentleman yield? commission complete and absolute au not want. Mr. DURHAM. I yield to the gentle- thority over American industry and the In .connection with all' of these amend man from Ohio. ' lives of our· entire population. It is ments, we should recognize the necessity Mr. VORYS of Ohio. Is it not true shocking and frightening that this pro of maintaining our military strength, but that the hearings disclose that the reason posal could advance as rapidly and get we should also recognize the fact that our the Secretary of War said he wanted the as far in this Congress. I implore the Government is participating in discus Senate bill acted on promptly was his House to reject the bill and send it back sions about international cooperation. anxiety to get some sort of legislation to the committee. ,We should take care not to prejudice the promptly, and he had no objection to the Let me call your attention to section chances of success in those discussions. provision for military representation on 11 (c) of the act, which provides for Without the discovery of new ideas and the Commission? compulsory licensing of patents. That Inventions there would have been no dis Mr. DURHAM. That is correct. Of is to say, instead of giving the inventor covery of a new world. Thus we see dis course, the President sent us his message, an exclusive right in his inventions, in coveries and inventions of mechanism as the chairman stated to you, last Octo other words, the right to exclude others become the dynamic controls in .our ber, urging us to enact this legislation from the manufacture, use, or sale of an modern economic system and make it immediately. Also at that time the War invention, a patentee's invention shall necessary for political and social adjust Department appeared before us. General be made subject to the right of others ments in the structure of the modern Groves himself appeared before llS, and to make, use, and sell the invention upon world. asked that we expedite ,this legislation. the payment to the patentee of a reason Speculation gave us investigatio!l- in Now here we are here 9 months later. able compensation. ' the field of atomic energy, Experimen Mr. JOHNSON of California. Mr. Before considering the advantages and tation and research by our scientists Chairman, will the gentleman yield? disavantages of compulsory licensing, it has given us this problem. This dis Mr. 'DURHAM. I yield to the gentle is well to point out three distinct ac covery of nuclear fission has caused man man from California. complishments of the present system of to change his conception of the earth Mr. JOHNSON 'of California. In those granting ex.clusive rights to patent and universe. hearings they advocated a bill that pro ·owners. This is a domestic bill we are dealing vided for the very representation the Flrst. By granting to the inventor an with today, and our problem is to work gentleman from Ohio mentioned. exclusive right for a limited time, an in this revolutionary discovery into a self-. Mr. DURHAM. That is correct. centive is given to rhim to invent and balancing, self-regulating economic sys Mr. JOHNSON of California. The disclose, not conceal, his invention so tem subject to the natural laws of sup other day they repeated their confirma that after such period of limited time the ply and demand so that it will not tram- tion of that legislation. invention enters the public domain. 1946 CO.NGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9255 s~cond. A very important advantage is government. Fear and resentment would mousetrap than his neighbor the world the encouragement of risk capital to un lead to secret deals in which alien agents will make a beaten path to his door? would get the inventions for black cash." dertake the exploitation of an invention, · Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. · Absolutely~ frequently resulting in new industries Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. Mr. Mr. VOORHIS of California. Mr. arising or old industries expanding. Chairman, this bill if enacted into law, Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Third. By granting exclusive rights for will surrender the sovereignty of the peo Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. Let me inventions the:~;e inevitably arises compe ple of this Nation to a five-man Commis proceed with my ·prepared statement; tition in developing inventions. That is sion appointed by the Chief Executive. then I shall be pleased to yield if I have to say, inventors get to work inventing a Mr. VORYS of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, the time. substitute for, or a new way of accom will the gentleman yield? Witnesses testified that many worth plishing, that which is already patented. Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. I yield. while inventions require years of re Many important inventions have res1,1lted Mr. VORYS of Ohio. I read the bill search and experimentation before an from such competition. last night and I could not find any place invention is attained; and that it ordi Each of these three advantages will where there were any criminal penalties narily takes many years to perfect an either be completely lost or seriously im .. that could be invoked against the Com invention even after the patent is paired if a system of compulsory licens mission. While the Commission w-as grant€d. Often such research results in ing is adopted. given the power to make regulations, the failure before an invention to accomplish Compulsory licensing of patents has violation of which would be a crime the desired purpose is made. Theref01:e, long been a controversial subject. Bills punishable -by fine and imprisonment, I for a corporation or an individual to ob have been introduced at variou~ times, found no criminal penalties that could tain by compulsion a license from the especially sirice 1912,' directed toward be invoked against the Commission for patentee or the patentee's official backer encouraging this feature in our patent disclosures or for any other reason. would .manifestly be unfair, since the system despite the fact that it is the How about that? What--does the crim person seeking the license does not share negation of the exclusive right provided inal provision provide as far as members in the expense of unsuccessful research for in the Constitution. Those bills of the Commission itself are concerned? and development. Those willing to rislt which originally included compulsory Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. I think this capital in the development of new enter licensing of all patents were promptly bill would remove all security provisions prise would hesitate to do so if, when he amended to include only future patents, that we now have against disclosure of is successful, others could come in and since it was realized that compulsory secrets that are ~ in the national interest. share his success by obtaining a license licensing of patents already issued was There is no provision as far as I can against the will of the patent owner. On depriving the patent owner of a property remember in this bill that in any way the other hand, if the patentee is unsuc right without due process of law. prevents this Commission from dis cessful, he would have to bear his ·own . Mr. LANHAM. Mr. Chairman, will closing any of the secrets they might get loss. In short, the testimon:s' of those the gentleman yield? · · · when the Manhattan Project is turned familiar .with the subject has been almost Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. I yield. over to them. Moreover, bear this in unanimous to the effect that such legis 'Mr. LANHAM. May I say to the gen mind: This Commission is given the au lation would discourage invention and tleman that the Committee on Patents of thority, believe it or not, of reciprocating new enterprise. Not only would it dis the· House· of Represent~tives has held information with any foreign nation, and courage invention because of lack of in steadfastly to the opinion that he has the Congress has no authority to stop it. centive such as would be given by an ex expressed and has consistently refused . Mr. SHORT. Would the very able clusive license, but compulsory licensing to endorse or report anything that lawyer from Indiana, one of the finest would ·render it unnecessary to compete smacks of compulsory licensing of pat Members of this House, tell us what the in making inventions since in the main ents which goes to the·very fundamental other nations have to give us in reci those wishing to go into a new enterprise. basis of our progress. procity. would be content to 1force a license for Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. I thank Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. Even try inventions already made rather than the gentleman for that comment, and ing to be generous and fair in reply to make their owri inventions; that is, to would add \hat the Congress as a whole that question, I believe the rest of the create a new and differen way of accom has steadfastly adhered to that pro world has comparatively little to offer plishing the same result. Why take the gram; because it is one of the fundamen now, and that it is hardly likely to have risk with possible failure when by pay tals of a free-enterprise system under a comparatively more anytime in the next ing a reasonable royalty he can share the free government. . several years. fruits of others' efforts? Many and extensive hearings- have Mr. SHORT. It is all give and no The testimony in the above-mentioned been held by congres~ional committees hearings has fully brought out the fact to determine the advisability of legisla take? that compulsory licensing would lessen tion in one form or another for compul Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. That is the incentive to invent, would discourage sory licensing. Such hearings were held right. We are habitually on the giving the introduction of new enterprises, and in 1912 and 1914 on the Oldfield bills, in end. Judging from our record, this pro would, to a large extent, remove com • 1922 on the Stanley bills, and in 1938 on posal would keep us there. There is no petition in invention. It would, in fact, the McFarland bill. A.t all of these hear basis here for dealing, or reciprocating, socialize our patent system. ings, patentees, inventors, and manufac quid pro quo. The question of compulsory licensing, turers almost unanimously opposed com Mr. ELSTON. Mr. Chairman, will the like the provision in the bill for taking pulsory licensing mainly on the grounds gentleman yield? away from present patent owners all that it would discourage invention and Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. I yield. rights in the field of research and devel that it would favor large corporations Mr. ELSTON. As far as this bill is opment, involves a highly important con over smaller corporations and over indi concerned, the Commissioners would stitutional question. Mind you, I have viduals. ' have the power and authority to turn been discussing only one section of this Mr. SHORT. Mr. Chairman, will the over the secrets of atomic energy for in bill. There are many other sections that gentleman yield at that point? dustrial purposes, and in return get noth infringe individual constitutional rights. Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. I yield. ing but good will? Where a serious question of constitu Mr. SHORT. Here is . a release that Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. That is tionalit;v is involved, as it apparently is all Members of the House should listen right. in this issue, £here is never any valid ex to: Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, will cuse for hasty and ill-considered action. "The McMahon atomic energy bill (S. 1717) the gentleman yield? But in this question there is utterly no reflects the blind arrogance of bureaucracy .Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. I yield. .reason whatever for us to act in haste as gone · mad," declared John W. Anderson, Mr. DONDERO. The gentleman has though· we were confronted by a critical spokesman for small bu'siness, today. "The come to the defense of the patent laws emergency, for technically at least we bill would drive American inventive diligence of tbis Nation and the competitive sys continue to be in a state of war. underground. It would create a vast black Under the circumstances, the Prest- . market in dangerous atomic inventions. tem under which we operate; ·and I com-, Secret agents of foreign governments would mend him for it. Does he not think, dent still holds in his hands extraordi- .· :flnd United States inventors cringing from perhaps, Emerson had that in mind when nary war powers. These proved ade the harsh treatment threatened by their own he wrote that when a man builds a better quate to provide security in the field of 1 9256 CONGRESSIONAL ltECORD-HOUSE JULY 17 atomic energy during the period of ac-. impol'tant that our action correspond· committee be dissatislied wlth the Com tual hostilities. They should certainly,. to that proposal. The gentleman will mission's action, proposed action, or fail therefor.e, be adequate for the tempo agree, I hope, those people who are re ure to act, it may refer the matter to the rary period until peace is formally de sponsible for the ,preparation of the Secretaries of War and Navy, who may, if Clared, H the President will exercise them Baruch proposition were in favor of this either feels the matter is of sufficient as wisely and firmly as we have the right bill as written by the Senate? importance, refer the question to the to expect that he will. . Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. That President, whose decision ~ill l:>e final. : I know it is argued that our failure to would not influence my feeling on this The act also sets up a military applica take definitive action leaves the rest of bill at all. I am frightened at this pro tions divis-ion which will specifically car the world doubtful and suspicious of posal, I am fearful for my country and ry on military research as d_irected by the America's intentions and .that it leaves our .free republican system of govern President. This will in no way interfere the field of atomic research and develop ment. I do not want to see .any commis with military research by the Army. ment under military dominance. sion set up with such sweeping powers It is provided in_the act that the quan . Neither argument is valid. In the over the American people's lives. tities of fissionable material and bombs first place, we have time and time again Mr. MAY. 1 Mr. Chaiqnan, will the to be produced, and th~ disposition of gone far more than half way to prove to . gentleman yield? these bombs are to be determined by the the world that no decent nation, large or Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. I yield to President who, presumably, will act on small, has reason to doubt or fear us. the gentleman from Kentucky. the recommendations of his military ad The Baruch proposal for international . Mr. MAY. Does the _gentleman agree visers in the War and Navy Departments . contrt>ls, standing alone, is sufficient evi with ine that under the provisions of this Do these provisions give the military dence of that. If other nations are not. bill which authorize the" appointment adequate representation in the control of disposed to accept it as such, it is hardly . of employees, servants, and agents by atomic energy? clear how this proposed action could win the commission, they could probably Who is in the best position to know? their confidence and trust. build as large a bureau as the Depart The Commander in Chief of our armed . As for military dominance in the field, ment of Agriculture if they wanted -to? forces? . the simple fact remains that the Presi Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. The De · The President has said: dent is, in fact, Commander in Chief, and. partment of Agriculture would be . in · A Commission established by the ·congress as such is directly superior to this mili significant compared with what they fpr the. control of. atomic energy should be tary influence which some people profess could do under· this authority. There is composed exclusively of civilians. If to fear. the President is not disposed one section in this bill which would give. . Only the other day, while this. act wa~ to prevent undue military influence in the commis-sion the authority· to set up_ before ouf Military Affairs Committee,' this fi.eld now, would you expect him to one of the greatest propaganda bureaus the President reaffirmed his ·support of ~ appoint · civilian members to this. com we have ever heard of in this Nation. f717 and said· that· "it suited ·'him mission who would be less favorably in- . S. Why, we voted down funds for OWl, but exa<;t_lY.~" _ clined toward the military viewpoint? this would be a super OWl with author The Secretary of War? ~ 'l'he present controls are purely tempo- · ity to establish libraries, publish commu - Secretary of War Patterson testifying rary in nature, and can be quickly termi- . nications, magazines, newspapers; and before the House Military Affairs ' Com-· riated or altered. Thls proposal would other kinds of propaganda. It simply is . mittee on this act was asked: establish a permanent system of controls too sweeping and too much power for a Would the War Department be opposed to t:"ar less su'Jject to· change or remedy. A commission to have. . - any amendment fo this bill authorizing one ' hasty error at this point could easily re- . The CHAIRMAN. The time of . the. or possibly two members of the Commission . sult in permanent damage. gentleman from Indiana has again ex-_ to be representatives ,of the armea forces? · It cannot be too strongly emphasized . pired. _ that these controls we are asked to adopt · Mr. MAY. Mr. Chairman, I yield 10 . He replied, and I . quote: are sweeping and all-inclusive in charac minutes to the gentleman from Illinois . We did-not advocate and we do not advo ter. Even if any doubts as to their con [·Mr. PRICE].· cate:it. We believe that the natlm:ial defense· aspects-and they· are important on atomic stitutionality are resolved; they are still, Mr. PRICE of Illinois. Mr. Chairman, energy-are adequately cared for by that in my opinion, too broad to imposf upon . it is claim~d by those proposing the paragraph in section 2, pr-oviding for the a free economy ·without serious 'results. amendment requiring the President to military liaison committee. : I am just as anxious as anyone to pro appoint a representative of the military . tect atomic research and development to the Commission for the Control of The Secretary of the Navy? · from military domination. I am deeply Atomic Energy and the amendment per- · . Secre.tary of the N a v..y Forrestal wrote concerned that this new force be turned· mitting the President to appoint two ac- . to the chairman of the Senate Special as completely as possible from destructive tive or retired officers of the Army or qommittee on Atomic Energy: purposes, and as fully as possible to crea- . Navy to the Commission, that the amend . Please accept my congratulations on the tive and constructive. ends. ments are necessary in order to give the · passage Saturday of your bill for the control military adequate representation in and development of atomic energy. It is But in seeking that end, I certainly do well drawn and accomplishes what I know not want to see this new science fall un atomic energy matters. you were after from the beginning-a proper der the blight of bureaucracy, which , Now, everyone will agree that the mili balance between civilian and military con might be the surest way to defeat the tary should have representation on trol. This is not merely my own view but very ends the proposal professes to seek. · atomic energy matters. that of the professional people in the naval . I urge that this measure, therefore, be Everyone will agree that the military . service. returned to the resp-onsible committees should have representation adequate for Mr. . THOMAS of New Jersey." Mr. with specific instructions for further and our national defense. Chairman, will the _gentleman yield? more careful study than the whole ques · If S. 1717 as passed unanimously by · Mr. PRICE of Illinois. I yield to the tion has so far received. the Senate does not already provide that gentleman from New Jersey. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the adequate representation, then, of course, · Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. Can the gentleman from Indiana has expired. it should be incorporated into the act. gentleman tell the Committee the date of Mr. SHORT. Mr. Chairman, I yield The only question, then; is: Does S. · Secretary Forrestal's letter? · . the gentleman two additional minutes. 1717 provide adequate military repre ·Mr. PRICE of Illinois. It was the day Mr. VOORHIS of California; Mr. sentation? after the passage of the bill in the Sen Chairman, will the gentleman yield? The bill establishes a special military ate. I do not remember the exact date. Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. I yield to liaison committee of unlimited number The Assistant Secretary of the Navy? the gentleman from California. to be appointe_d by the Secretaries of War W. John Kenney, in testifying before Mr. VOORHIS of California. I agree and·Navy. The Commission must a<;ivise the House ·Military Affairs Committee heartily with what· the gentleman said and consult with this committee on mili o.n this 'bill, said: about the Baruch proposal to the United tary application& of atomic energy, spe- · . In the opinion of the Navy Department, Nations Commission on Atomic Energy, cifically inel'!lding' ail_ matters _affecting tp.is and the other provisions of section 2 (c) I. believe that proposition ought to prove , bombs, the control of information relat constitute an effective mechanism whereby tp any natign the sincerity of the United ing to- bombs, and the allocation of 'ma the armed services wilf be informed of, and States in see~ing pe~ce, but I think it t~rials for military r_ese;:trch . . Should this ~ill p~rticipate in, the work of the. Atomic 1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9257