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The Mahabharata
^«/4 •m ^1 m^m^ The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924071123131 ) THE MAHABHARATA OF KlUSHNA-DWAIPAYANA VTASA TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH PROSE. Published and distributed, chiefly gratis, BY PROTSP CHANDRA EOY. BHISHMA PARVA. CALCUTTA i BHiRATA PRESS. No, 1, Raja Gooroo Dass' Stbeet, Beadon Square, 1887. ( The righi of trmsMm is resem^. NOTICE. Having completed the Udyoga Parva I enter the Bhishma. The preparations being completed, the battle must begin. But how dan- gerous is the prospect ahead ? How many of those that were counted on the eve of the terrible conflict lived to see the overthrow of the great Knru captain ? To a KsJtatriya warrior, however, the fiercest in- cidents of battle, instead of being appalling, served only as tests of bravery that opened Heaven's gates to him. It was this belief that supported the most insignificant of combatants fighting on foot when they rushed against Bhishma, presenting their breasts to the celestial weapons shot by him, like insects rushing on a blazing fire. I am not a Kshatriya. The prespect of battle, therefore, cannot be unappalling or welcome to me. On the other hand, I frankly own that it is appall- ing. If I receive support, that support may encourage me. I am no Garuda that I would spurn the strength of number* when battling against difficulties. I am no Arjuna conscious of superhuman energy and aided by Kecava himself so that I may eHcounter any odds. -
The Emergence of the Mahajanapadas
The Emergence of the Mahajanapadas Sanjay Sharma Introduction In the post-Vedic period, the centre of activity shifted from the upper Ganga valley or madhyadesha to middle and lower Ganga valleys known in the contemporary Buddhist texts as majjhimadesha. Painted grey ware pottery gave way to a richer and shinier northern black polished ware which signified new trends in commercial activities and rising levels of prosperity. Imprtant features of the period between c. 600 and 321 BC include, inter-alia, rise of ‘heterodox belief systems’ resulting in an intellectual revolution, expansion of trade and commerce leading to the emergence of urban life mainly in the region of Ganga valley and evolution of vast territorial states called the mahajanapadas from the smaller ones of the later Vedic period which, as we have seen, were known as the janapadas. Increased surplus production resulted in the expansion of trading activities on one hand and an increase in the amount of taxes for the ruler on the other. The latter helped in the evolution of large territorial states and increased commercial activity facilitated the growth of cities and towns along with the evolution of money economy. The ruling and the priestly elites cornered most of the agricultural surplus produced by the vaishyas and the shudras (as labourers). The varna system became more consolidated and perpetual. It was in this background that the two great belief systems, Jainism and Buddhism, emerged. They posed serious challenge to the Brahmanical socio-religious philosophy. These belief systems had a primary aim to liberate the lower classes from the fetters of orthodox Brahmanism. -
Uttarakandam
THE RAMAYANA. Translated into English Prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki. UTTARAKANDAM. M ra Oer ii > m EDITED AND PUBLISHED Vt MANMATHA NATH DUTT, MA. CALCUTTA. 1894. Digitized by VjOOQIC Sri Patmanabha Dasa Vynchi Bala Sir Rama Varma kulasekhara klritapatl manney sultan maha- RAJA Raja Ramraja Bahabur Shamshir Jung Knight Grand Commander of most Emi- nent order of the Star of India. 7gK afjaraja of ^xavancoxe. THIS WORK IS RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED BY MANMATHA NATH DUTT. In testimony of his veneration for His Highness and in grateful acknowledgement of the distinction conferred upon him while in His Highness* capital, and the great pecuniary help rendered by his Highness in publishing this work. Digitized by VjOOQ IC T — ^ 3oVkAotC UTTARA KlAlND^M, SECTION I. \Jn the Rakshasas having been slain, all the ascetics, for the purpose of congratulating Raghava, came to Rama as he gained (back) his kingdom. Kau^ika, and Yavakrita, and Gargya, and Galava, and Kanva—son unto Madhatithi, . who dwelt in the east, (came thither) ; aikl the reverend Swastyastreya, and Namuchi,and Pramuchi, and Agastya, and the worshipful Atri, aud Sumukha, and Vimukha,—who dwelt in the south,—came in company with Agastya.* And Nrishadgu, and Kahashi, and Dhaumya, and that mighty sage —Kau^eya—who abode in the western "quarter, came there accompanied by their disciples. And Vasishtha and Ka^yapa and Atri and Vicwamitra with Gautama and Jamadagni and Bharadwaja and also the seven sages,t who . (or aye resided in the northern quarter, (came there). And on arriving at the residence of Raghava, those high-souled ones, resembling the fire in radiance, stopped at the gate, with the intention of communicating their arrival (to Rama) through the warder. -
Origin and Nature of Ancient Indian Buddhism
ORIGIN AND NATURE OF ANCIENT INDIAN BUDDHISM K.T.S. Sarao 1 INTRODUCTION Since times immemorial, religion has been a major motivating force and thus, human history cannot be understood without taking religion into consideration. However, it should never be forgotten that the study of religion as an academic discipline is one thing and its personal practice another. An objective academic study of religion carried many dangers with it. The biggest danger involved in such a study is that it challenges one’s personal beliefs more severely than any other discipline. For most people appreciation of religious diversity becomes difficult because it contradicts the religious instruction received by them. For people experiencing such a difficulty, it may be helpful to realize that it is quite possible to appreciate one’s own perspective without believing that others should also adopt it. Such an approach may be different but certainly not inferior to any other. It must never be forgotten that scholarship that values pluralism and diversity is more humane than scholarship that longs for universal agreement. An important requirement of objective academic study of religion is that one should avoid being personal and confessional. In fact, such a study must be based on neutrality and empathy. Without neutrality and empathy, it is not possible to attain the accuracy that is so basic to academic teaching and learning. The academic study of religion helps in moderating confessional zeal. Such a study does not have anything to do with proselyting, religious instruction, or spiritual direction. As a matter of fact, the academic study of religion depends upon making a distinction between the fact that knowing about and understanding a religion is one thing and believing in it another. -
The Ramayana by R.K. Narayan
Table of Contents About the Author Title Page Copyright Page Introduction Dedication Chapter 1 - RAMA’S INITIATION Chapter 2 - THE WEDDING Chapter 3 - TWO PROMISES REVIVED Chapter 4 - ENCOUNTERS IN EXILE Chapter 5 - THE GRAND TORMENTOR Chapter 6 - VALI Chapter 7 - WHEN THE RAINS CEASE Chapter 8 - MEMENTO FROM RAMA Chapter 9 - RAVANA IN COUNCIL Chapter 10 - ACROSS THE OCEAN Chapter 11 - THE SIEGE OF LANKA Chapter 12 - RAMA AND RAVANA IN BATTLE Chapter 13 - INTERLUDE Chapter 14 - THE CORONATION Epilogue Glossary THE RAMAYANA R. K. NARAYAN was born on October 10, 1906, in Madras, South India, and educated there and at Maharaja’s College in Mysore. His first novel, Swami and Friends (1935), and its successor, The Bachelor of Arts (1937), are both set in the fictional territory of Malgudi, of which John Updike wrote, “Few writers since Dickens can match the effect of colorful teeming that Narayan’s fictional city of Malgudi conveys; its population is as sharply chiseled as a temple frieze, and as endless, with always, one feels, more characters round the corner.” Narayan wrote many more novels set in Malgudi, including The English Teacher (1945), The Financial Expert (1952), and The Guide (1958), which won him the Sahitya Akademi (India’s National Academy of Letters) Award, his country’s highest honor. His collections of short fiction include A Horse and Two Goats, Malgudi Days, and Under the Banyan Tree. Graham Greene, Narayan’s friend and literary champion, said, “He has offered me a second home. Without him I could never have known what it is like to be Indian.” Narayan’s fiction earned him comparisons to the work of writers including Anton Chekhov, William Faulkner, O. -
And the Date of Vasu-Bandhu
33 II. A STUDY OF PARAMARTHA'S LIFE OF VASU-BANDHU; AND THE DATE OF VASU-BANDHU. BY J. TAKAKTJSU, M.R.A.S., M.A., DR. PHIL. T>AEAMARTHA (A.D. 499-569), or Kula-natha as he was sometimes called, was a Brahmin of the Bharadvaja family of UjjayinI, West India. In 539 A.D. the Emperor of China, Wu-ti (502-549), sent a mission to Magadha, North India, in search of a learned Buddhist and the original Maha-yana texts. The Indian Court despatched Paramartha, who was then staying at Magadha, with 240 bundles of palm-leaf texts, besides 64 works which he afterwards translated.1 His arrival in Nan-hai2 falls in the year 546 A.D., while his visit to the then capital Chien-yeh3 did not take place until 548, when the Emperor Wu-ti gave him a hearty welcome with due honour. The literary activity and religious enthusiasm of this Indian guest during the declining days of the Liang dynasty (548-557) and the early parts of the subsequent Chan dynasty (557-569) seem to have attracted the curious eyes of Chinese Buddhists, who thronged to listen to the new preacher in spite of all the disturbances which they were experiencing just then. His teaching embraced a variety of subjects, but throughout, as a Maha-yanist, he laid earnest and persistent emphasis on the Buddhistic idealism (Vijnana- matra) of Vasu-bandhu and Asanga. He seems to have been 1 Of these only 32 translations exist at present: see Nanjio's Catalogue, p. -
Rajaji-Mahabharata.Pdf
MAHABHARATA retold by C. Rajagopalachari (Edited by Jay Mazo, International Gita Society) Contents 39. The Wicked Are Never Satisfied 1. Ganapati, the Scribe 40. Duryodhana Disgraced 2. Devavrata 41. Sri Krishna's Hunger 3. Bhishma's Vow 42. The Enchanted Pool 4. Amba And Bhishma 43. Domestic Service 5. Devayani And Kacha 44. Virtue Vindicated 6. The Marriage Of Devayani 45. Matsya Defended 7. Yayati 46. Prince Uttara 8. Vidura 47. Promise Fulfilled 9. Kunti Devi 48. Virata's Delusion 10. Death Of Pandu 49. Taking Counsel 11. Bhima 50. Arjuna's Charioteer 12. Karna 51. Salya Against His Nephews 13. Drona 52. Vritra 14. The Wax Palace 53. Nahusha 15. The Escape Of The Pandavas 54. Sanjaya's Mission 16. The Slaying Of Bakasura 55. Not a Needle-Point Of Territory 17. Draupadi's Swayamvaram 56. Krishna's Mission 18. Indraprastha 57. Attachment and Duty 19. The Saranga Birds 58. The Pandava Generalissimo 20. Jarasandha 59. Balarama 21. The Slaying Of Jarasandha 60. Rukmini 22. The First Honor 61. Non-Cooperation 23. Sakuni Comes In 62. Krishna Teaches 24. The Invitation 63. Yudhishthira Seeks Benediction 25. The Wager 64. The First Day's Battle 26. Draupadi's Grief 65. The Second Day 27. Dhritarashtra's Anxiety 66. The Third Day's Battle 28. Krishna's Vow 67. The Fourth Day 29. Pasupata 68. The Fifth Day 30. Affliction Is Nothing New 69. The Sixth Day 31. Agastya 70. The Seventh Day 32. Rishyasringa 71. The Eighth Day 33. Fruitless Penance 72. The Ninth Day 34. Yavakrida's End 73. -
Ramayan Ki Kathayen, Pandemic and the Hindu Way of Life and the Contribution of Hindu Women, Amongst Others
Hindu Sevika Samiti (UK) Mahila Shibir 2020 East and South Midlands Vibhag FOREWORD INSPIRING AND UNPRECEDENTED INITIATIVE In an era of mass consumerism - not only of material goods - but of information, where society continues to be led by dominant and parochial ideas, the struggle to make our stories heard, has been limited. But the tides are slowly turning and is being led by the collaborative strength of empowered Hindu women from within our community. The Covid-19 pandemic has at once forced us to cancel our core programs - which for decades had brought us together to pursue our mission to develop value-based leaders - but also allowed us the opportunity to collaborate in other, more innovative ways. It gives me immense pride that Hindu Sevika Samiti (UK) have set a new precedent for the trajectory of our work. As a follow up to the successful Mahila Shibirs in seven vibhags attended by over 500 participants, 342 Mahila sevikas came together to write 411 articles on seven different topics which will be presented in the form of seven e-books. I am very delighted to launch this collection which explores topics such as: The uniqueness of Bharat, Ramayan ki Kathayen, Pandemic and the Hindu way of life and The contribution of Hindu women, amongst others. From writing to editing, content checking to proofreading, the entire project was conducted by our Sevikas. This project has revealed hidden talents of many mahilas in writing essays and articles. We hope that these skills are further encouraged and nurtured to become good writers which our community badly lacks. -
Ramakatha Rasavahini II 7 Preface for This Edition 8 This Book 9 the Inner Meaning 11 Chapter 1
Ramakatha Rasavahini II Stream of Sacred Sweetness Sathya Sai Baba Contents Ramakatha Rasavahini II 7 Preface for this Edition 8 This Book 9 The Inner Meaning 11 Chapter 1. The Dandaka Forest 12 The fool Jayanta 12 A visit to the sage Athri’s hermitage 12 A stay at a beautiful hermitage 13 An encounter with Viradha, the ogre 14 Sarabhanga immolates himself 14 Sutheekshna adores Rama 15 On to Agastya’s ashram 16 Agastya asks not to be deluded into egotism 17 The story of the curse on Dandaka Forest 18 On to Dandaka Forest 18 Chapter 2. Panchavati 20 Lakshmana’s sense of duty 20 Rama constantly has visitors 21 Rama discourses on spiritual matters 22 Surpanakha falls for Lakshmana 23 Surpanakha is punished 24 The demons want revenge 25 The demons kill each other! 26 Ascetic sages visit Rama 27 Ravana hears Surpanakha’s story 28 Chapter 3. The Wily Villain 30 The thoughts of Ravana and Vibhishana 30 Ravana enlists Maricha’s help 30 Rama and Sita discuss their plans 31 The deer entices the brothers 32 Rama stalks and kills the deer 33 Caught between two loyalties 34 Sita is kidnapped! 35 Jatayu tries to save Sita 35 The brothers lament Sita’s disappearance 36 Lakshmana realizes the truth 37 Rama assents 38 Study the Ramayana closely! 39 Jatayu tells them what he knows 39 Ajamukhi loses her limbs 40 Rama kills Kabanda 40 Sabari tells her story 41 Rama admires devotion 42 Sabari tells what she knows 43 Chapter 4. An Ally Accepted 45 Hanuman meets the brothers 45 The brothers meet Sugriva 46 Lakshmana identifies some of the jewels 47 Sugriva tells his story 47 The story of the curse on Vali 49 Rama exhibits his power 50 Sugriva pours out his feelings 51 The battle between Vali and Sugriva 52 Rama kills His devotee, Vali 54 Rama consoles Tara 56 The search for Sita is delayed by weather 57 Chapter 5. -
Research Article
z Available online at http://www.journalcra.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH International Journal of Current Research Vol. 8, Issue, 03, pp. 28520-28522, March, 2016 ISSN: 0975-833X RESEARCH ARTICLE DENTAL LINK OF LORD RAM EXISTENCE *Dr. Supratim Tripathi Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, India ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Aim: To prove the link of Aryans and Caucasians through dentistry and to prove the hypothesis of Received 19th December, 2015 lord Ram actual existence. Received in revised form Introduction: There are documented facts that there was advent of Aryans in India. There are 13th January, 2016 anthropological proofs of the same. Till date a lot have been done for the same and that there are Accepted 08th February, 2016 st instances of the very fact that Aryans were logically Caucasians. This article deals with one of the Published online 31 March, 2016 condition in dentistry called as Radix and describes the link of its prevalence with documented fact of Aryans did invade India. Key words: Discussion: In the 18th century, the most ancient known Indo European languages were those of the ancient Indo Iranians. The word Aryan was therefore adopted to refer not only to the Indo-Iranian Aryans, Radix, peoples, but also to native Indo-European speakers as a whole, including the Romans, Greeks, and the Lord Ram, Germans. It was soon recognised that Balts, Celts, and Slavs also belonged to the same group. It was Caucasians. argued that all of these languages originated from a common root—now known as ProtoIndo- European—spoken by an ancient people who were thought of as ancestors of the European, Iranian, and Indo-Aryan peoples. -
(Bharatavarsha) Zur Zeit Des Mahabharata / Ramayana 68° 70° 72° 74° 76° 78° 80° 82° 84° 86° 88° 90°
Das historische Indien (Bharatavarsha) zur Zeit des Mahabharata / Ramayana 68° 70° 72° 74° 76° 78° 80° 82° 84° 86° 88° 90° N 38° W O 38° Huna Saka S Bahlika Ramatha 8611 36° Darada 36° Bharata besiegt Gandhara Kamboja Mt.Godwin C Harahuna Nishkuta Kapisa 8126 H Skardu (O) Naubandhana I Uraga Kala Yavana Aroosa N Pahlava Yavana Gandhara (N) Yoni Abhisara Varaha Rishika Kabul A Kirata Pushkalavati Khuba Avisari Kasmira Loha Charsadda S Peshawar LohaSindhu (Indus) 34° Parasika Purushapura Takshashila 34° Islamabad (W Sweta Uttara-Jyotisha Kamboja Naga eißer Berg) Suhma Rajavasa Mahetta Reise zum Sweta, Gandhamadanum Arjuna zu treffen Utsava-Sanketa Sumala Amara Pisacha Kekaya ist das Königreich itashta von Bharatas Mutter Kaikeyi V Chandrabhaga Bhalika MBH3.130 Kekaya Hidimba Kimpurusha Dasarna Asikini MBH3.139 Madra Vipasa/Arjikia Kinnara 32° 32° Madhyamakeyas Sakala MBH3.177 Karnata Iravati Trigarta Vadava V Divyakutta Lahore isakhayupa Hemakuta Bhishma erobert Yamunotri Kulinda 19 (Yaksha) Sivi Matta- Madri für Pandu 6656 6040Bhrigutunga Mayuraka Harataka Kailash Arjunas Feldzug Dwarapala Vadari MBH1.1 HarappaTurvasa Bhagirati (Mandara) nach Norden MBH1.1 Vatadhana Parushni Belehrung des MBH3.140 ipasa 13 Manasa Arjunas Exil Mandakini V MBH3.37 MBH3.177MBH2.26 Lackhaus Markandeya im Wald Ganga Satadru Sarasvati Varanavata Saraswata Samantapanchaka Rishikesh Pandus Rückzug K 30° Gangadwara Saugandhika 30° Kamyaka MBH3.5 ChaitrarathaHaridwar in den Wald Sindhu Malava Feldzug nach Kurukshetra I Amvasta Kuru 14 Usinara R MBH1.141 MBH1.1 der -
Tales from the Bhagavatham Retold for Children
See for the online version with illustrations http://www.bagavatham.org Tales from the Bhagavatham retold for Children By P.S. Krishna Iyer Price: Unpriced For Private Circulation Only BY THATHA Preface OM! NAMO BHAGAVATHE VASUDEVAYA Chapter 1 Sk 3 . Ch 15 - Slokam 30 Coming of Kapila Mother and Son Chapter 2 Sk 4 . Ch 6 - Slokam 32 The Great Daksha Yagam Chapter 3 Sk 4 . Ch 8 - Slokam 54 The Story of Dhruva Chapter 4 Sk 4 . Ch 16 - Slokam 16 The Story of Venan Prithu and Archis Chapter 5 Sk 4 . Ch 25 - Slokam 58 Prachinabarhis and His Sons the Prachetases The Allegory of King Puranjana Chapter 6 Sk 5 . Ch 5 - Slokam 1 Prachetas Daksha's Daughters Priyavrata Agnidhra and Purvajithi The Story of Nabhi Chapter 7 Sk 5 . Ch 8 - Slokam 1 The Story of Bharata Bharata the Brahmin Bharata and Rahugana Chapter 8 Sk 6 . Ch 2 - Slokam 15 Ajamila The Story of Ajamila Indra's Disrespect of Guru Narayana Kavacham The Strange Request of Devas to Dadichi The Battle Between Indra and Vritra How Indra Was Saved From The Sin Of Brahmahatya Chapter 9 Sk 7 . Ch 6 - Slokam 1 Prahlada Prahlada's Childhood The Story of Mayan, the Master Builder of The Asuras Varna Ashrama Dharmam Chapter 10 Sk 8 . Ch 2 - Slokam 1 Gajendra Moksham Previous History of The Elephant and Alligator Chapter 11 Sk 8 . Ch 7 - Slokam 1 The Great Churning The Coming Of Mohini The Great Deva Asura War Sri Siva's Illusion The Manwantaras And Revival Of Bali The Payovrita Chapter 12 Sk 9 .