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The Mahabharata
^«/4 •m ^1 m^m^ The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924071123131 ) THE MAHABHARATA OF KlUSHNA-DWAIPAYANA VTASA TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH PROSE. Published and distributed, chiefly gratis, BY PROTSP CHANDRA EOY. BHISHMA PARVA. CALCUTTA i BHiRATA PRESS. No, 1, Raja Gooroo Dass' Stbeet, Beadon Square, 1887. ( The righi of trmsMm is resem^. NOTICE. Having completed the Udyoga Parva I enter the Bhishma. The preparations being completed, the battle must begin. But how dan- gerous is the prospect ahead ? How many of those that were counted on the eve of the terrible conflict lived to see the overthrow of the great Knru captain ? To a KsJtatriya warrior, however, the fiercest in- cidents of battle, instead of being appalling, served only as tests of bravery that opened Heaven's gates to him. It was this belief that supported the most insignificant of combatants fighting on foot when they rushed against Bhishma, presenting their breasts to the celestial weapons shot by him, like insects rushing on a blazing fire. I am not a Kshatriya. The prespect of battle, therefore, cannot be unappalling or welcome to me. On the other hand, I frankly own that it is appall- ing. If I receive support, that support may encourage me. I am no Garuda that I would spurn the strength of number* when battling against difficulties. I am no Arjuna conscious of superhuman energy and aided by Kecava himself so that I may eHcounter any odds. -
The Emergence of the Mahajanapadas
The Emergence of the Mahajanapadas Sanjay Sharma Introduction In the post-Vedic period, the centre of activity shifted from the upper Ganga valley or madhyadesha to middle and lower Ganga valleys known in the contemporary Buddhist texts as majjhimadesha. Painted grey ware pottery gave way to a richer and shinier northern black polished ware which signified new trends in commercial activities and rising levels of prosperity. Imprtant features of the period between c. 600 and 321 BC include, inter-alia, rise of ‘heterodox belief systems’ resulting in an intellectual revolution, expansion of trade and commerce leading to the emergence of urban life mainly in the region of Ganga valley and evolution of vast territorial states called the mahajanapadas from the smaller ones of the later Vedic period which, as we have seen, were known as the janapadas. Increased surplus production resulted in the expansion of trading activities on one hand and an increase in the amount of taxes for the ruler on the other. The latter helped in the evolution of large territorial states and increased commercial activity facilitated the growth of cities and towns along with the evolution of money economy. The ruling and the priestly elites cornered most of the agricultural surplus produced by the vaishyas and the shudras (as labourers). The varna system became more consolidated and perpetual. It was in this background that the two great belief systems, Jainism and Buddhism, emerged. They posed serious challenge to the Brahmanical socio-religious philosophy. These belief systems had a primary aim to liberate the lower classes from the fetters of orthodox Brahmanism. -
Uttarakandam
THE RAMAYANA. Translated into English Prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki. UTTARAKANDAM. M ra Oer ii > m EDITED AND PUBLISHED Vt MANMATHA NATH DUTT, MA. CALCUTTA. 1894. Digitized by VjOOQIC Sri Patmanabha Dasa Vynchi Bala Sir Rama Varma kulasekhara klritapatl manney sultan maha- RAJA Raja Ramraja Bahabur Shamshir Jung Knight Grand Commander of most Emi- nent order of the Star of India. 7gK afjaraja of ^xavancoxe. THIS WORK IS RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED BY MANMATHA NATH DUTT. In testimony of his veneration for His Highness and in grateful acknowledgement of the distinction conferred upon him while in His Highness* capital, and the great pecuniary help rendered by his Highness in publishing this work. Digitized by VjOOQ IC T — ^ 3oVkAotC UTTARA KlAlND^M, SECTION I. \Jn the Rakshasas having been slain, all the ascetics, for the purpose of congratulating Raghava, came to Rama as he gained (back) his kingdom. Kau^ika, and Yavakrita, and Gargya, and Galava, and Kanva—son unto Madhatithi, . who dwelt in the east, (came thither) ; aikl the reverend Swastyastreya, and Namuchi,and Pramuchi, and Agastya, and the worshipful Atri, aud Sumukha, and Vimukha,—who dwelt in the south,—came in company with Agastya.* And Nrishadgu, and Kahashi, and Dhaumya, and that mighty sage —Kau^eya—who abode in the western "quarter, came there accompanied by their disciples. And Vasishtha and Ka^yapa and Atri and Vicwamitra with Gautama and Jamadagni and Bharadwaja and also the seven sages,t who . (or aye resided in the northern quarter, (came there). And on arriving at the residence of Raghava, those high-souled ones, resembling the fire in radiance, stopped at the gate, with the intention of communicating their arrival (to Rama) through the warder. -
Origin and Nature of Ancient Indian Buddhism
ORIGIN AND NATURE OF ANCIENT INDIAN BUDDHISM K.T.S. Sarao 1 INTRODUCTION Since times immemorial, religion has been a major motivating force and thus, human history cannot be understood without taking religion into consideration. However, it should never be forgotten that the study of religion as an academic discipline is one thing and its personal practice another. An objective academic study of religion carried many dangers with it. The biggest danger involved in such a study is that it challenges one’s personal beliefs more severely than any other discipline. For most people appreciation of religious diversity becomes difficult because it contradicts the religious instruction received by them. For people experiencing such a difficulty, it may be helpful to realize that it is quite possible to appreciate one’s own perspective without believing that others should also adopt it. Such an approach may be different but certainly not inferior to any other. It must never be forgotten that scholarship that values pluralism and diversity is more humane than scholarship that longs for universal agreement. An important requirement of objective academic study of religion is that one should avoid being personal and confessional. In fact, such a study must be based on neutrality and empathy. Without neutrality and empathy, it is not possible to attain the accuracy that is so basic to academic teaching and learning. The academic study of religion helps in moderating confessional zeal. Such a study does not have anything to do with proselyting, religious instruction, or spiritual direction. As a matter of fact, the academic study of religion depends upon making a distinction between the fact that knowing about and understanding a religion is one thing and believing in it another. -
Mythological Characters in Amish Tripathi's Ram Chandra Series
© 2018 IJSRST | Volume 5 | Issue 3 | Print ISSN: 2395-6011 | Online ISSN: 2395-602X Themed Section : Education Mythological Characters in Amish Tripathi’s Ram Chandra Series Hardas Galchar1*, Dr. Ankit Gandhi2* 1Research Scholar, Madhav University, Rajasthan, India 2Professor, Madhav University, Rajasthan, India ABSTRACT Every great civilization has its own treasure of mythology. Egypt, Rome, Greece, India, China and other cultures are the classic examples. Each of them, during the course of history, created folklore, community rituals and social beliefs which led to the creation of vast bodies of mythology. India has probably the richest store house of mythology and legends in the world. It is fed from countless sources and preserved in the four Vedas, the Upanishads, the two epics, the eighteen main Purans and many chants, plays, poetry, sculptures, dance, music and folklore. The roots of India’s legendary past go before the Aryans to the Dravidians and even the Pre-Dravidian tribals. Therefore its values, its social and legal systems and its aesthetic awareness, have survived intact and remained relevant to all Indians. Human actions to became the subjects of myths, which to some extent, related to historical events, the best examples are the Ramayana and Mahabharta. These sagas beautifully describe the interactions of human characters and personalities. In thislineage, the new Indian writers, like Amish Tripathi, Ashok Banker and Ashwin Sanghi have started a new tradition by blending the mythology of the past with present reality. By doing so these writers are modernizing the Indian myth. Amish Tripathi relied on the stories and fables that he heard from his family. -
Living Traditions Tribal and Folk Paintings of India
Figure 1.1 Madhubani painting, Bihar Source: CCRT Archives, New Delhi LIVING TRADITIONS Tribal and Folk Paintings of India RESO RAL UR U CE LT S U A C N D R O T R F A E I N R T I N N G E C lk aL—f z rd lzksr ,oa izf’k{k.k dsUn Centre for Cultural Resources and Training Ministry of Culture, Government of India New Delhi AL RESOUR UR CE LT S U A C N D R O T R F A E I N R T I N N G E C lk aL—f z rd lzksr ,oa izf’k{k.k dsUn Centre for Cultural Resources and Training Ministry of Culture, Government of India New Delhi Published 2017 by Director Centre for Cultural Resources and Training 15A, Sector 7, Dwarka, New Delhi 110075 INDIA Phone : +91 11 25309300 Fax : +91 11 25088637 Website : http://www.ccrtindia.gov.in Email : [email protected] © 2017 CENTRE FOR CULTURAL RESOURCES AND TRAINING Front Cover: Pithora Painting (detail) by Rathwas of Gujarat Artist unknown Design, processed and printed at Archana Advertising Pvt. Ltd. www.archanapress.com All Rights Reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Director, CCRT. Photo Credits Most of the photographs used in this publication are from CCRT Archives. We also thank National Museum, New Delhi; National Handicrafts & Handlooms Museum (Crafts Museum), New Delhi; North Zone Cultural Centre (NZCC), Patiala; South Central Zone Cultural Centre (SCZCC), Nagpur; Craft Revival Trust, New Delhi and Sanskriti Museum, New Delhi for lending valuable resources. -
The Ramayana by R.K. Narayan
Table of Contents About the Author Title Page Copyright Page Introduction Dedication Chapter 1 - RAMA’S INITIATION Chapter 2 - THE WEDDING Chapter 3 - TWO PROMISES REVIVED Chapter 4 - ENCOUNTERS IN EXILE Chapter 5 - THE GRAND TORMENTOR Chapter 6 - VALI Chapter 7 - WHEN THE RAINS CEASE Chapter 8 - MEMENTO FROM RAMA Chapter 9 - RAVANA IN COUNCIL Chapter 10 - ACROSS THE OCEAN Chapter 11 - THE SIEGE OF LANKA Chapter 12 - RAMA AND RAVANA IN BATTLE Chapter 13 - INTERLUDE Chapter 14 - THE CORONATION Epilogue Glossary THE RAMAYANA R. K. NARAYAN was born on October 10, 1906, in Madras, South India, and educated there and at Maharaja’s College in Mysore. His first novel, Swami and Friends (1935), and its successor, The Bachelor of Arts (1937), are both set in the fictional territory of Malgudi, of which John Updike wrote, “Few writers since Dickens can match the effect of colorful teeming that Narayan’s fictional city of Malgudi conveys; its population is as sharply chiseled as a temple frieze, and as endless, with always, one feels, more characters round the corner.” Narayan wrote many more novels set in Malgudi, including The English Teacher (1945), The Financial Expert (1952), and The Guide (1958), which won him the Sahitya Akademi (India’s National Academy of Letters) Award, his country’s highest honor. His collections of short fiction include A Horse and Two Goats, Malgudi Days, and Under the Banyan Tree. Graham Greene, Narayan’s friend and literary champion, said, “He has offered me a second home. Without him I could never have known what it is like to be Indian.” Narayan’s fiction earned him comparisons to the work of writers including Anton Chekhov, William Faulkner, O. -
And the Date of Vasu-Bandhu
33 II. A STUDY OF PARAMARTHA'S LIFE OF VASU-BANDHU; AND THE DATE OF VASU-BANDHU. BY J. TAKAKTJSU, M.R.A.S., M.A., DR. PHIL. T>AEAMARTHA (A.D. 499-569), or Kula-natha as he was sometimes called, was a Brahmin of the Bharadvaja family of UjjayinI, West India. In 539 A.D. the Emperor of China, Wu-ti (502-549), sent a mission to Magadha, North India, in search of a learned Buddhist and the original Maha-yana texts. The Indian Court despatched Paramartha, who was then staying at Magadha, with 240 bundles of palm-leaf texts, besides 64 works which he afterwards translated.1 His arrival in Nan-hai2 falls in the year 546 A.D., while his visit to the then capital Chien-yeh3 did not take place until 548, when the Emperor Wu-ti gave him a hearty welcome with due honour. The literary activity and religious enthusiasm of this Indian guest during the declining days of the Liang dynasty (548-557) and the early parts of the subsequent Chan dynasty (557-569) seem to have attracted the curious eyes of Chinese Buddhists, who thronged to listen to the new preacher in spite of all the disturbances which they were experiencing just then. His teaching embraced a variety of subjects, but throughout, as a Maha-yanist, he laid earnest and persistent emphasis on the Buddhistic idealism (Vijnana- matra) of Vasu-bandhu and Asanga. He seems to have been 1 Of these only 32 translations exist at present: see Nanjio's Catalogue, p. -
गीत रामायण the Chronicle of Rama in Song
The Chronicle of Rama in Song गीत रामायण Author — Gajanan Digambar Madgulkar खक — गजानन दगबर माडगळकर व ी रामभ ऐकती swaye shree raamaprabhu Lord Rama Himself Listens 3 aikatee दशरथा घ पायसदान dasharathaa ghe he Dasharath, Take This Gift 6 paayasadaana राम जमाला ग सखी raama janmalaa ga sakhee Rama is Born, Friends 8 तझा प मला इ दशरथा jyeShTha tujhaa putra malaa Give Me Your Eldest Son, O Dasharath 11 dei dasharathaa आज मी शापम त जाह aaja mee shaapamukta jaahale Today, I Became Curse Free 14 वयवर झा सी swayaMwara jhaale seeteche Sita Chose Her Groom 16 राघव सीता jethe raaghava tethe seetaa Where Raghav Is, There Sita Is 20 नकोस नौ परत फ ग nakosa nauke parata firuu ga Don't Turn Back, Ferry 23 बोल इत मज ीराम bolale ituke maja shreeraama Rama Spoke So to Me 26 माता न त व रणी maataa na tuu wairiNee You Are Not a Mother, Enemy 29 पराधीन आ जगती paraadheen aahe jagatee The Mortal is Bound to Fate 32 Page 1 of 52 पळविल रावण सीता paLawili raawaNe seetaa Ravana Kidnapped Sita 36 त बधा सागरी setu bandhaa re saagaree Build a Bridge Over the Sea 38 लीन, चा, सी leenate, chaarute, seete Modest, Beautiful Sita 41 भो, मज एकच वर ावा prabho, maja ekacha wara Lord, Grant Me a Single Boon 44 dyaawaa मज सग लमणा, जाऊ कठ maja saanga lakshmaNaa, Tell Me Lakshman, Where to Go 46 jauu kuThe गा बाळनो ी रामायण gaa baLaaMno shree Sing, Lads, the Chronicle of Rama 49 raamaayaNa Page 2 of 52 The scene in which the Geet Ramayana opens is as follows: A great ocean of people, hundreds of wise men and countless townspeople, had assembled in Ayodhya for Ramachandra's Ashwamedha1 sacrifice. -
Rajaji-Mahabharata.Pdf
MAHABHARATA retold by C. Rajagopalachari (Edited by Jay Mazo, International Gita Society) Contents 39. The Wicked Are Never Satisfied 1. Ganapati, the Scribe 40. Duryodhana Disgraced 2. Devavrata 41. Sri Krishna's Hunger 3. Bhishma's Vow 42. The Enchanted Pool 4. Amba And Bhishma 43. Domestic Service 5. Devayani And Kacha 44. Virtue Vindicated 6. The Marriage Of Devayani 45. Matsya Defended 7. Yayati 46. Prince Uttara 8. Vidura 47. Promise Fulfilled 9. Kunti Devi 48. Virata's Delusion 10. Death Of Pandu 49. Taking Counsel 11. Bhima 50. Arjuna's Charioteer 12. Karna 51. Salya Against His Nephews 13. Drona 52. Vritra 14. The Wax Palace 53. Nahusha 15. The Escape Of The Pandavas 54. Sanjaya's Mission 16. The Slaying Of Bakasura 55. Not a Needle-Point Of Territory 17. Draupadi's Swayamvaram 56. Krishna's Mission 18. Indraprastha 57. Attachment and Duty 19. The Saranga Birds 58. The Pandava Generalissimo 20. Jarasandha 59. Balarama 21. The Slaying Of Jarasandha 60. Rukmini 22. The First Honor 61. Non-Cooperation 23. Sakuni Comes In 62. Krishna Teaches 24. The Invitation 63. Yudhishthira Seeks Benediction 25. The Wager 64. The First Day's Battle 26. Draupadi's Grief 65. The Second Day 27. Dhritarashtra's Anxiety 66. The Third Day's Battle 28. Krishna's Vow 67. The Fourth Day 29. Pasupata 68. The Fifth Day 30. Affliction Is Nothing New 69. The Sixth Day 31. Agastya 70. The Seventh Day 32. Rishyasringa 71. The Eighth Day 33. Fruitless Penance 72. The Ninth Day 34. Yavakrida's End 73. -
Ramayan Ki Kathayen, Pandemic and the Hindu Way of Life and the Contribution of Hindu Women, Amongst Others
Hindu Sevika Samiti (UK) Mahila Shibir 2020 East and South Midlands Vibhag FOREWORD INSPIRING AND UNPRECEDENTED INITIATIVE In an era of mass consumerism - not only of material goods - but of information, where society continues to be led by dominant and parochial ideas, the struggle to make our stories heard, has been limited. But the tides are slowly turning and is being led by the collaborative strength of empowered Hindu women from within our community. The Covid-19 pandemic has at once forced us to cancel our core programs - which for decades had brought us together to pursue our mission to develop value-based leaders - but also allowed us the opportunity to collaborate in other, more innovative ways. It gives me immense pride that Hindu Sevika Samiti (UK) have set a new precedent for the trajectory of our work. As a follow up to the successful Mahila Shibirs in seven vibhags attended by over 500 participants, 342 Mahila sevikas came together to write 411 articles on seven different topics which will be presented in the form of seven e-books. I am very delighted to launch this collection which explores topics such as: The uniqueness of Bharat, Ramayan ki Kathayen, Pandemic and the Hindu way of life and The contribution of Hindu women, amongst others. From writing to editing, content checking to proofreading, the entire project was conducted by our Sevikas. This project has revealed hidden talents of many mahilas in writing essays and articles. We hope that these skills are further encouraged and nurtured to become good writers which our community badly lacks. -
Kayavya Kerala
KAYAVYA 403 KERALA Ghats a ancient Chapter 86, by taking a bath at this place the body west of Western had very history and would be purified. civilization of its own. KAYAVYA. A Candala. He was born to a Candala 2) Origin of Kerala. There are two statements, slightly woman as the son of a Ksatriya. But the Candalas different from each other, in the Puranas, about the who were impressed by Kayavya's moral conduct, origin of Kerala. 1 For the funeral of the sons made him the headman of the village. He taught ( ) performing ceremony others that all people should honour Brahmanas and of Sagara whose ashes wdre lying in Patala (Nether love their country. His political creed was that those world), Bhagiratha performed penance and brought who prospered by the ruin of a country were just like the heavenly river Ganga to the earth. (See under . river fell in the worms living on a dead body. (M.B. Santi Parva, Ganga) The North India and flowed in Chapter 135). torrents to the sea and the surrounding regions were KEDARA. A holy place in the interior of Kuruksetra. submerged in water. Among the places submerged, It is mentioned in Mahabharata, Vana Parva, Chapter there was the important holy place and Bath of 83, that those who bathe in this holy Bath would Gokarna also, lying on the west coast of India. Those obtain the fruits of good actions. One of the twelve hermits who lived in the vicinity of the temple at Lingas consecrated in important places, is in Gokarna, escaped from the flood and went to Mahendra- Kedara.