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The Mahabharata ^«/4 •m ^1 m^m^ The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924071123131 ) THE MAHABHARATA OF KlUSHNA-DWAIPAYANA VTASA TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH PROSE. Published and distributed, chiefly gratis, BY PROTSP CHANDRA EOY. BHISHMA PARVA. CALCUTTA i BHiRATA PRESS. No, 1, Raja Gooroo Dass' Stbeet, Beadon Square, 1887. ( The righi of trmsMm is resem^. NOTICE. Having completed the Udyoga Parva I enter the Bhishma. The preparations being completed, the battle must begin. But how dan- gerous is the prospect ahead ? How many of those that were counted on the eve of the terrible conflict lived to see the overthrow of the great Knru captain ? To a KsJtatriya warrior, however, the fiercest in- cidents of battle, instead of being appalling, served only as tests of bravery that opened Heaven's gates to him. It was this belief that supported the most insignificant of combatants fighting on foot when they rushed against Bhishma, presenting their breasts to the celestial weapons shot by him, like insects rushing on a blazing fire. I am not a Kshatriya. The prespect of battle, therefore, cannot be unappalling or welcome to me. On the other hand, I frankly own that it is appall- ing. If I receive support, that support may encourage me. I am no Garuda that I would spurn the strength of number* when battling against difficulties. I am no Arjuna conscious of superhuman energy and aided by Kecava himself so that I may eHcounter any odds. To me, therefore, the support of my fellow men is a sini qua non. With- out it, it is impossible for me to proceed a single step. Without it I cannot hope to cross the sea of battle. Tor that support, therefore, of my countrymen, and, as literature is a cosmopolitan concern, to all who have an interest in seeing me proceed, I humbly and respectfully appeal. Figure apart, further pecuniary support is necessary to continue the work to completion. With the 32nd fasciculus of the translation, acting upon a suggestion of the Pioneer newspaper I circulated a statement of my receipts and disbursements. The press of both India and foreign countries has spoken on that statement. I have nothing further to add on that head. Begarding the literary management of the translation I would point out that in deference to a suggestion received from many quarters, parti- cularly America and Germany, I have caused the number of each Shka to be indicated in the English version. This is not so easy as at first sight it may appear, No two printed edition s of the original agree in ( 2 ) numbering the sloJca equally, This is due to one edition including sloka that are left out in another. Then again the rule is not followed by the Editors of these texts of uniformly including two lines in a sloha. Sometimes a aloha, instead of being a couplet, is numbered as a triplet. No definite rule, however, is observed in respect of this expansion of a sloha. Sometimes, if the sense is not complete in less than three lines, the sloka is regarded as a triplet. But the practice is not uniform, for in every printed edition tlokas have been numbered whose lines nevertheless run into one another. In numbering the slokas in the translation no particular edition has been followed. Notwithstanding all this, it is hoped that the numbers, as given, will help students of Sanskrit in comparing the translation with the original with greater facility. Calcutta, No. 1; Raja Gooroo Chandra Ror. I Dass''}\ Protap Street. TABLE OF CONTENTS. BHISHMA PABVA. Jambukhanda-nirmana Parva. PAGE, Janamejaya enquires bow the Earus and the Faudavas fought ... ... ... ... 1 Vai5ampayana begins his description of the battle ... ib Yudhishthira fixes watch-words and badges for distio- guishing his men from those of the foe ... 2 The joy of the Panchalas on beholding Duryodhana ib Krishna and Arjuna bloTj their conchs ... .,. ib The fear of the Kurus on hearing that blare ... lb Diverse evil omens beheld in Kurukshetra ... ib Covenants made by the Kurus and the Pandavas regarding individual encounters ... .^. 3 Vyasa visits Dhritarashtra and offers to grant him (spiritual) vision for witnessing the battle ... 4 Dhritarashtra declines to accept the iZisM's boon .,, ib The Rishi grants to Sanjaya the boon of spiritual percep- tion as regards every incident of the battle, in order tliat he may narrate everything to Dhritarashtra ... ib The Rishi apprises Dhritarashtra of the omens occurring on every side indicative of a great slaughter ... 5 Vyasa's appeal to Dhritarashtra for peace ... ig Dhritarashtra evades the appeal by urging the dis- obedience of bis sons ... ... ... 13 Dhritarashtra enquires of Vyasa after the omens that indicate victory ... ... ... ib Vyasa's answer ... ... ... ... ib Negotiation better than battle ... ... 15 Vyasa's departure ... ... ... ib Dhritarashtra enquires of Sanjaya after the attributes of Eartt) . • "I «>• M. ib . ji COlifTENm PAGiT, Sanjaya begins his discourse oq the merits of earth ,.. 1& The divese classes of creatures iahabiting the Earth ib The signification of the word Qayatri ... ... 17 Dhritarashtra enquires after t^e names &f the rivers, moimtai'nSr and provinces of the earth, and their dimensions ..; .;.• - ... — ib Sanjaya begins his discourse ... ,.. .., ib .The five elements and their attributes ... ... ib Earth the foremost of these elements ... ..-. ib The island of Sudar^ana ... .... .,-. 18 Sanjaya's discourse on the Kula mountains and the Varshaa ... ... ... ... 19 I>escripti&H' of the regions to the uortih and the east of Meru ..; ... ..^ ... 24 The names of all Varshas and all the mountains ... 2T Dhritarashtra enquires particularly about the Varsha ' called after Bharata ... ... ... 2^ Sanjaya begins his discription of Bharatavarsha ,i. ib The rivers of B/iaratoi^ars/ia... ... ,., 80 The provinces of ditto ... ... ... 31 The causes of earth-hunger ... ... ... 3S The Yugas and their I'espective attributes .., 3^ Bhumi Farm. Description of Cakadwipa ... ... " ... 36 Sanjaya's description of the north ... ... 37 Ditto's ditto of Jiahu, the Moon, and the Saa ... 42 Bhagavat-Oita Parva. ; . Sanjaya informs Dhritarashtra of Bhishma's fall • in battle ... .„ ... ... 44. Dhritarashtra'a lament and enquiries ... ... 45 Sanjaya begins his discourse on the battle ... 52 Duryodhana's instructions to Dus^asana about the pro- tection of Bhishmra from Oikhandin ... ... ilj The two boats arrayed at sunrise- ... ' ,.. 53 A gondii description of the Kuru array ,-., 4,, 54 Bhisbmsv'S'brief addrd^ tQ the JSxiru army - ,.; 53 .;.'! PAGE. Descriptions of particular w,^rriors of the Kura army 5% Brief enumer9,tion of the. cppapo.nent parts pf the Kuru army .and its numerical strength. ... ... 6<J Yjidhishthira's addres.s toArjuna for.dissppsing the '61 , Pandaya army in the array called ^t^oMmttMa ..» The dispositi<>|i of the Pandava forces .., ... 6? Diverse omens in the sky and on the earth when the two armies stood facing each other ... .,» Gi The disposition of forces in the two armies .... I6f Yudhishthira's sorrowful address to Arjuoa ,.,. 67 .Arjuna comforts Yudhishthira with assurances of victory ib Tire disposition of forces in the Pandava army ... 68 jA-rguna's hymn, at Krishna's instance,, to.D,urga ... 7% 30arga appears to Arjuna and gives him assurances of victory ... .., , ... .., 7? The merits of the hymn uttered by Arjuna ... 7? SeholdipLg the Panciaya array, Duryodhana approaches Drona. and addresses him comparing t,he, Pandava heroes with those of his own army .., .., 7^ Bfeishma blows his conch, gladdening Duryodhana .... 75 Tihe Pandavas blow their respective conchs and inspire the Dhartarashtras with fear ... ... i{| Arjuna asks Krishna to place his car between the two armies so that he may see who are assembled to ".•• , fight •• — ". 75 Beholding relatives of all grades,. &c., Arjuna is touched with compassion ..^ ib Arj Una's despondency and refusal to fight .., ib K^rishna's appeal to Arjuna for shaking ofif his despondency 78 Arjuna.repeats his arguments against the battle ... ib His refusal to fight ... ... ... 79 Kjrishna declares to Arjuna the nature and the attributes of the soul ... ... ... ... ib The folly of grieving for the dead ... ... 81 .Arjuna is exhorted to observe the duties of his Order fairly, the alternatives teing heaven by fighting ; or sovereignty ,ou .earth ....^ ^.. ..^ ib. IV Contents. PAQff, Arjuna is exhorted to cast off the bonds of Work a&d coucern himself with Work for Work's sake and not for the sake-of its fruit ... *.. 83 Krishna's discourse on Contemplation ... ... 84 Krishna reconciles Devotion with Work ... ... 86 On Abandonment of actions and Applicatioa to actions 95 The means of rising to Devotion ... ... 98 The nature of UraA^a?! ... ... ... 103 Oa Bajd yoga ... ... ... ... 108 The divine perfections of Krishna ... ... 113 Krishna discloses to Arjuna his Supreme sovereign form 113 Arjuna'a hymns to Krishna ... ... • • • . H7 Of the two kinds of worshippers ... ... 121 The supreme object of knowledge ... ... 124! On Goodness, Passion, and Darkness ... ... 127 On the aymholical Agwattha ... ... ... 129 Of godlike and demoniac natures and births ... 132 On the three- fold nature of Faith ... ... 134. On Kenunciation and Abandonment ... ... 1S6 Arj Una's delusion is destroyed .,; ... 143 Arjuna once more takes up G'awcZiva ... ... ib BhiahmOrvadha Parva. On the eve of battle Yudhishthira proceeds towards the Kuru army, putting off hia armour ... m Yudhishthira is questioned by his brothers about the ^ reason of his strange ... conduct ... j^, His silence ... ... ... ,__ jjj Krishna enlightens Yudhishthira's brothers ... jb Yudhishthira meets with Bhishma and solicits his per- mission to fight ... ... ,_, j^g Bhishma grants Yudhishthira the permision he solicits 146 Yudhishthira enquires of Bhishma about the means of Bhishma's defeat and death ... ... ju Bhishma asks Yudhishthira to come to him once again ib Yudhishthira repairs to Drona ..
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