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DICCIONARIO DE AMERICANISMOS: LA LETRA R (BDE, JD), H SPANISH-CZECH DICTIONARY of AMERICANISMS: LETTER R (BDE, JD), H Magisterská Diplomová Práce

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DICCIONARIO DE AMERICANISMOS: LA LETRA R (BDE, JD), H SPANISH-CZECH DICTIONARY of AMERICANISMS: LETTER R (BDE, JD), H Magisterská Diplomová Práce UNIVERZITA PALACKÉHO V OLOMOUCI Filozofická fakulta Katedra romanistiky DICCIONARIO DE AMERICANISMOS: LA LETRA R (BDE, JD), H SPANISH-CZECH DICTIONARY OF AMERICANISMS: LETTER R (BDE, JD), H Magisterská diplomová práce Autor: Bc. Irena Schönweitzová Vedoucí práce: prof. PhDr. Jiří Černý, CSc. Olomouc 2018 Prohlašuji, že jsem tuto magisterskou diplomovou práci vypracovala samostatně pod odborným vedením prof. PhDr. Jiřího Černého, CSc. a uvedla v ní veškerou literaturu a ostatní zdroje, které jsem použila. V Olomouci dne …………………………ַַ Podpis PODĚKOVÁNÍ: Ráda bych tímto poděkovala vedoucímu své diplomové práce prof. PhDr. Jiřímu Černému, CSc. za jeho trpělivost, ochotu a cenné rady při psaní této práce. Chtěla bych také poděkovat svým blízkým za velkou podporu a pomoc při svých studiích. ÍNDICE Introducción ................................................................................................................................ 5 Lista de abreviaciones ................................................................................................................. 6 1 El diccionario de americanismos español-checo ............................................................. 11 1.1 Palabras con la letra inicial R ............................................................................ 11 1.2 Palabras con la letra inicial H ............................................................................ 32 2 Comentario .................................................................................................................... 109 Conclusión .............................................................................................................................. 127 Resumen .................................................................................................................................. 129 Bibliografía ............................................................................................................................. 130 Anexos ........................................................................................................................................ I Anotace ...................................................................................................................................... V Annotation ............................................................................................................................... VI 4 INTRODUCCIÓN Mi tesina es una parte del proyecto de la creación de un diccionario de americanismos, es decir, un diccionario de las palabras usadas en algún país en América que se diferencian por su forma o significado original del español peninsular. Este diccionario llamado Španělsko- český slovník amerikanismů: Diccionario de americanismos español-checo es dirigido por prof. PhDr. Jiří Černý, CSc. El objetivo de mi trabajo es elaborar dos tareas. La primera consiste en traducir los vocablos con la letra inicial R sacados de dos fuentes bibliográficas: Breve diccionario ejemplificado de americanismos, escrito por Brian Steel, y Velký španělsko-český slovník II., escrito por Josef Dubský. Del segundo diccionario, debo transcribir los vocablos desde la palabra relampuso hasta la palabra rutido. En la segunda tarea debo unificar los lemas que empiezan con la letra H que anteriormente ya habían sido elaborados por otros estudiantes. Son escogidos de varias fuentes. Además, tengo que revisarlos si están escritos de forma correcta, corregir todos los tipos de errores (gramaticales, ortográficos, semánticos, de puntuación, etc.) y, por último, completar los datos que faltan. Me advirtieron que mi trabajo podría ser considerado como un plagio. Para evitar una acusación similar, resaltaré los cambios hechos por mí en color azul. Así se podrá reconocer el texto editado por mí del original. En lo que se refiere a la estructura formal de mi tesina, está dividida en dos partes principales: El diccionario de americanismos español-checo y Comentario. El primer capítulo está compuesto por dos subcapítulos denominados Palabras con la letra inicial R y Palabras con la letra inicial H. Los dos forman la parte práctica. El segundo capítulo es el comentario a la traducción y unificación. Allí describiré cómo he hecho dos tareas mencionadas, qué problemas me han complicado mi trabajo y qué métodos he utilizado para resolverlos. Aparte de esos capítulos, hay más apartados. Al principio propongo una lista de abreviaciones utilizadas y al final adjunto el capítulo adicional Anexos en el que estarán las imágenes de palabras dífíciles de imaginar solo por una traducción checa. 5 LISTA DE ABREVIACIONES (Am → Š) - amerikanismus užívaný i ve Španělsku (Š < Am) - mnohem častější v Americe / - a také, nebo [Š: „xxx“] - ve Španělsku (význam) [Š: xxx] - ve Španělsku (tvar) ■ Syn.: - synonymum ■ Var.: - varianty ► - encyklopedické vysvětlení ● - začátek nového pramene ← - z jazyka, odvozeno od 1, 2 atd. - různé významy jedné fráze adj. - adjektivum adj/subst. - adjektivum i substantivum adv. - adverbium aim. - aimarština alt - altiplano (La Paz, Oruro, Potosí)1 Am - Amerika (odkaz na země mluvící španělsky) amer. - americký Andal. - Andalusie Andy - oblast And angl. - anglický Antil - Antily apod. - a podobně arch. - archaický Arg - Argentina arg. - argentinský arw. - arawačtina atd. - a tak dále azt. - aztécký Bol - Bolivie 1 Region v Bolívii podle LM 6 bol. - bolivijský braz. port. - brazilská portugalština braz. - brazilský citosl. - citoslovce Chil - Chile despekt. - despektivní Dom - Dominikánská republika Ekv - Ekvádor eufem. - eufemismus f. - femininum, ženský rod fr. - francouzština guar. - guaraní Guat - Guatemala hanl. - hanlivě Hond - Honduras hovor. - hovorově imper. - imperativ, rozkazovací způsob ind. - indiánský inf. - infinitiv intr. - intranzitivní sloveso iron. - ironicky it. - italština jaz. - jazyk(y) již - jižní JižAm - Jižní Amerika jv - jihovýchodní jz - jihozápadní Kanár. - Kanárské ostrovy Karib - oblast Karibiku karib. - karibský keč. (kič) - kečujština kniž. - knižní Kol - Kolumbie 7 kol. - kolumbijský Kost - Kostarika Kub - Kuba LaPla - oblast La Plata lat. - latina, latinsky lid. - lidový, lidově lunf. - slang lunfardo m. - masculinum, mužský rod m/f. - masculinum a femininum málo užív. - málo užívané map. - mapuče, araukánština mark. - markátor may. - mayské jazyky Mex - Mexiko mex. - mexický myt. - mytologie nah. - nahuatl např. - například Nik - Nikaragua Pan - Panama Par - Paraguay Per - Peru per. - peruánský pl. - množné číslo port. - portugalský, portugalština Portor - Portoriko př. - příklad předl. - předložka přenes. - přeneseně Š: - v evropské španělštině Salv - Salvador sev - severní slang - slang, slangově, žargon, hantýrka 8 šp. - španělský, španělština spíše pl. - používané spíše v pl. spp. - species (pl.)/ druhy2 stol. - století stř - střední StřAm - Střední Amerika subst. - substantivum sv - severovýchodní sz - severozápadní tr. - tranzitivní sloveso tr/intr/zvrat. - tranzitivní, intanzitivní i zvratné sloveso tr/zvrat. - tranzitivní i zvratné sloveso Urug - Uruguay US - USA vall - valles (Cochabamba, Chuquisaca, Tarija)3 Ven - Venezuela venk. - venkovský vulg. - vulgární vých. - východní vyj. - vyjadřuje záp - západní zdrob. - zdrobnělina zejm. - zejména Abreviaturas de las fuentes bibliográficas ABS - Lipski, John: Afro-Bolivian Spanish, Lengua y Sociedad en el Mundo Hispánico AHM - Mejía Prieto, Jorge: Así habla el mexicano, diccionario básico de mexicanismos AM - Malaret, Augusto: Diccionario de americanismos BDE - Steel, Brian: Breve diccionario ejemplificado de americanismos DA - Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española: Diccionario de 2 Ve smyslu, že existují různé druhy uvedeného rodu. 3 Region v Bolívii podle LM 9 Americanismos DBM - Gómez de Silva, Guido: Diccionario breve de mexicanismos DMC - Sánchez-Boudy, José: Diccionario Mayor de Cubanismos DML - Diccionario de mitos y leyendas EA - Palacios, Azucena (coord.): El español en América, Contactos lingüísticos en Hispanoamérica EEA - Molero, Antonio: El español de España y el español de América EUM - Lara Ramos, L. F.: Diccionario del español usual en México HB - Viscarra, Victor Hugo: COBA, Lenguaje secreto del hampa boliviano INEI - Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (Perú) JD - Dubský, Josef: Velký španělsko-český slovník JG - Godenzzi, Juan C.: En las redes del lenguaje. Cognición, discurso y sociedad en los Andes LM - Coello Vila, C., director, Villegas Pinto, E.- Soto Rodríguez, M., redactores: Léxico mestizo. Diccionario de préstamos del quechua al castellano boliviano MM - Morínigo, Marcos A.: Diccionario del español de América MS - Sala, Marius, ed., et al.: El español de América MV - Macazaga Ordoño, C.: El habla del México Vivaracho NET - informace získané z internetu RAE - Real Academia Española: Diccionario de la lengua española RR - Richard, Renaud, ed., et al.: Diccionario de americanismos no recogidos por la Real Academia S01 - Zuzana Erdösová: Indiánské jazyky v Peru S03 - Eva Kubátová: Indiánské jazyky v Kolumbii S04 - Alexandra Kováčová: Aztéčtí bohové M01 - Kristina Ibiševičová: El parlache en las obras escogidas de la literatura y cine colombianos 10 1 EL DICCIONARIO DE AMERICANISMOS ESPAÑOL- CHECO 1.1 Palabras con la letra inicial R racconto (raconto), m. (← it.) (1) (LaPla): zpráva, shrnutí; př.: hacer un doble racconto de los distintos períodos económicos; (BDE). radial, adj. (1) (Urug): rádiový, rozhlasový; ► vztahující se k rozhlasovému vysílání; (BDE). radio, m. (1) (Kub, Mex): rádio; př.: una televisión y un radio; (BDE).
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