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Searching for the Origins of Uruguayan Fronterizo Dialects: Radical Code-Mixing As “Fluent Dysfluency”
Searching for the origins of Uruguayan Fronterizo dialects: radical code-mixing as “fluent dysfluency” JOHN M. LIPSKI Abstract Spoken in northern Uruguay along the border with Brazil are intertwined Spanish-Portuguese dialects known to linguists as Fronterizo `border’ dialects, and to the speakers themselves as portuñol. Since until the second half of the 19th century northern Uruguay was populated principally by monolingual Portuguese speakers, it is usually assumed that Fronterizo arose when Spanish-speaking settlers arrived in large numbers. Left unexplained, however, is the genesis of morphosyntactically intertwined language, rather than, e.g. Spanish with many Portuguese borrowings or vice versa. The present study analyzes data from several communities along the Brazilian border (in Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay), where Portuguese is spoken frequently but dysfluently (with much involuntary mixing of Spanish) by Spanish speakers in their dealings with Brazilians. A componential analysis of mixed language from these communities is compared with Uruguayan Fronterizo data, and a high degree of quantitative structural similarity is demonstrated. The inclusion of sociohistorical data from late 19th century northern Uruguay complements the contemporary Spanish-Portuguese mixing examples, in support of the claim that Uruguayan Fronterizo was formed not in a situation of balanced bilingualism but rather as the result of the sort of fluid but dysfluent approximations to a second language found in contemporary border communities. 1. Introduction Among the languages of the world, mixed or intertwined languages are quite rare, and have provoked considerable debate among linguists. The most well- known cases, Michif, combining French and Cree (Bakker and Papen 1997; Bakker 1996), and Media Lengua, combining Spanish and Quechua (Muysken 1981, 1989, 1997), rather systematically juxtapose lexical items from a European language and functional items from a Native American language, in Journal of Portuguese Linguistics, 8-1 (2009), 3-44 ISSN 1645-4537 4 John M. -
Variation and Change in Latin American Spanish and Portuguese
Variation and change in Latin American Spanish and Portuguese Gregory R. Guy New York University Fieldworker:¿Que Ud. considera ‘buen español? New York Puerto Rican Informant: Tiene que pronunciar la ‘s’. Western hemisphere varieties of Spanish and Portuguese show substantial similarity in the patterning of sociolinguistic variation and change. Caribbean and coastal dialects of Latin American Spanish share several variables with Brazilian Portuguese (e.g., deletion of coda –s, –r). These variables also show similar social distribution in Hispanic and Lusophone communities: formal styles and high status speakers are consonantally conservative, while higher deletion is associated with working class speakers and informal styles. The regions that show these sociolinguistic parallels also share common historical demographic characteristics, notably a significant population of African ancestry and the associated history of extensive contact with African languages into the 19th C. But contemporary changes in progress are also active, further differentiating Latin American language varieties. Keywords: Brazilian Portuguese, Latin American Spanish, coda deletion, variation and change. 1. Introduction The Spanish and Portuguese languages have long been the objects of separate tradi- tions of scholarship that treat each of them in isolation. But this traditional separation is more indicative of political distinctions – Spain and Portugal have been separate nation-states for almost a millennium – than of any marked linguistic differences. In fact, these two Iberian siblings exhibit extensive linguistic resemblance, as well as no- tably parallel and intertwined social histories in the Americas. As this volume attests, these languages may very fruitfully be examined together, and such a joint and com- parative approach permits broader generalizations and deeper insights than may be obtained by considering each of them separately. -
Amazon Alive: a Decade of Discoveries 1999-2009
Amazon Alive! A decade of discovery 1999-2009 The Amazon is the planet’s largest rainforest and river basin. It supports countless thousands of species, as well as 30 million people. © Brent Stirton / Getty Images / WWF-UK © Brent Stirton / Getty Images The Amazon is the largest rainforest on Earth. It’s famed for its unrivalled biological diversity, with wildlife that includes jaguars, river dolphins, manatees, giant otters, capybaras, harpy eagles, anacondas and piranhas. The many unique habitats in this globally significant region conceal a wealth of hidden species, which scientists continue to discover at an incredible rate. Between 1999 and 2009, at least 1,200 new species of plants and vertebrates have been discovered in the Amazon biome (see page 6 for a map showing the extent of the region that this spans). The new species include 637 plants, 257 fish, 216 amphibians, 55 reptiles, 16 birds and 39 mammals. In addition, thousands of new invertebrate species have been uncovered. Owing to the sheer number of the latter, these are not covered in detail by this report. This report has tried to be comprehensive in its listing of new plants and vertebrates described from the Amazon biome in the last decade. But for the largest groups of life on Earth, such as invertebrates, such lists do not exist – so the number of new species presented here is no doubt an underestimate. Cover image: Ranitomeya benedicta, new poison frog species © Evan Twomey amazon alive! i a decade of discovery 1999-2009 1 Ahmed Djoghlaf, Executive Secretary, Foreword Convention on Biological Diversity The vital importance of the Amazon rainforest is very basic work on the natural history of the well known. -
Performing Blackness in the Danza De Caporales
Roper, Danielle. 2019. Blackface at the Andean Fiesta: Performing Blackness in the Danza de Caporales. Latin American Research Review 54(2), pp. 381–397. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25222/larr.300 OTHER ARTS AND HUMANITIES Blackface at the Andean Fiesta: Performing Blackness in the Danza de Caporales Danielle Roper University of Chicago, US [email protected] This study assesses the deployment of blackface in a performance of the Danza de Caporales at La Fiesta de la Virgen de la Candelaria in Puno, Peru, by the performance troupe Sambos Illimani con Sentimiento y Devoción. Since blackface is so widely associated with the nineteenth- century US blackface minstrel tradition, this article develops the concept of “hemispheric blackface” to expand common understandings of the form. It historicizes Sambos’ deployment of blackface within an Andean performance tradition known as the Tundique, and then traces the way multiple hemispheric performance traditions can converge in a single blackface act. It underscores the amorphous nature of blackface itself and critically assesses its role in producing anti-blackness in the performance. Este ensayo analiza el uso de “blackface” (literalmente, cara negra: término que designa el uso de maquillaje negro cubriendo un rostro de piel más pálida) en la Danza de Caporales puesta en escena por el grupo Sambos Illimani con Sentimiento y Devoción que tuvo lugar en la fiesta de la Virgen de la Candelaria en Puno, Perú. Ya que el “blackface” es frecuentemente asociado a una tradición estadounidense del siglo XIX, este artículo desarrolla el concepto de “hemispheric blackface” (cara-negra hemisférica) para dar cuenta de elementos comunes en este género escénico. -
WEEKLY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RECORD RELEVE EPIDEMIOLOGIQUE HEBDOMADAIRE 15 SEPTEMBER 1995 ● 70Th YEAR 70E ANNÉE ● 15 SEPTEMBRE 1995
WEEKLY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RECORD, No. 37, 15 SEPTEMBER 1995 • RELEVÉ ÉPIDÉMIOLOGIQUE HEBDOMADAIRE, No 37, 15 SEPTEMBRE 1995 1995, 70, 261-268 No. 37 World Health Organization, Geneva Organisation mondiale de la Santé, Genève WEEKLY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RECORD RELEVE EPIDEMIOLOGIQUE HEBDOMADAIRE 15 SEPTEMBER 1995 c 70th YEAR 70e ANNÉE c 15 SEPTEMBRE 1995 CONTENTS SOMMAIRE Expanded Programme on Immunization – Programme élargi de vaccination – Lot Quality Assurance Evaluation de la couverture vaccinale par la méthode dite de Lot survey to assess immunization coverage, Quality Assurance (échantillonnage par lots pour l'assurance de la qualité), Burkina Faso 261 Burkina Faso 261 Human rabies in the Americas 264 La rage humaine dans les Amériques 264 Influenza 266 Grippe 266 List of infected areas 266 Liste des zones infectées 266 Diseases subject to the Regulations 268 Maladies soumises au Règlement 268 Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) Programme élargi de vaccination (PEV) Lot Quality Assurance survey to assess immunization coverage Evaluation de la couverture vaccinale par la méthode dite de Lot Quality Assurance (échantillonnage par lots pour l'assurance de la qualité) Burkina Faso. In January 1994, national and provincial Burkina Faso. En janvier 1994, les autorités nationales et provin- public health authorities, in collaboration with WHO, con- ciales de santé publique, en collaboration avec l’OMS, ont mené ducted a field survey to evaluate immunization coverage une étude sur le terrain pour évaluer la couverture vaccinale des for children 12-23 months of age in the city of Bobo enfants de 12 à 23 mois dans la ville de Bobo Dioulasso. L’étude a Dioulasso. The survey was carried out using the method of utilisé la méthode dite de Lot Quality Assurance (LQA) plutôt que Lot Quality Assurance (LQA) rather than the 30-cluster la méthode des 30 grappes plus couramment utilisée par les pro- survey method which has traditionally been used by immu- grammes de vaccination. -
Norbert Díaz De Arce
∗ Lioba Rossbach de Olmos Expresiones controvertidas: Afrobolivianos y su cultura entre presentaciones y representaciones Resumen: El artículo contrasta las representaciones del “negro” que forman parte desde hace mucho tiempo del folclor andino de Bolivia, con los conceptos que los mismos negros han articulado en los últimos años de sí mismos como afrobolivianos. Punto central de esta disputa es el tema de la “saya”, que es un ritmo, canto y estilo de baile que se inicia y surge dentro de la cultura afroboliviana pero que en un momento dado fue y es actualmente reinterpretada a la manera típica del folclor andino ganando de esta manera fama internacional. En este contexto la saya se ha convertido en un tema de negociación entre presentación y representa- ción de los negros en un área de tensiones entre el folclor boliviano andi- no y el revivir de las tradiciones culturales de los afrobolivianos. Summary: The article confronts the representations of black people that have been part of the Bolivian Andean folklore for a long time with con- cepts Black people articulate about themselves as Afro-Bolivians in re- cent years. The central point of this dispute is the “saya”, i.e. is a rhythm, a song and dance style that was initiated and created among the Afro- Bolivian culture but in a certain moment has been and still is reinter- preted in the typical Andean folklore style gaining in this way interna- tional recognition. In this context “saya” became the object of negotiation of presentation and representation of Black people within an area of ten- sions of Bolivian Andean folklore and the revival of the cultural tradi- tions of the Afro-Bolivians. -
Integrated Community Development Fund
NDO Integrated Community Development Fund Quarterly Report to USAID/Bolivia Integrated Alternative Development Office October - December 2009 Award Nº: 511-A-00-05-00153-00 December 2009 Contact: Treena Bishop Team Leader ICDF Calle 11 # 480 Esq. Sánchez Bustamante Calacoto La Paz, Bolivia Tel/Fax: (+591) 2 – 2793206 E-mail: [email protected] ACDI/VOCA is the implementer of the Integrated Community Development Fund, financed by USAID. __________________________________________________________________ La Paz Office: La Asunta Office : Palos Blancos Office: Coroico Office: Washington, DC Office: Calle 11 # 480 Esq. Sánchez Av. Oswaldo Natty s/n Esquina Plaza Principal Calle Tomás Manning 50 F Street NW , Suite 1075 Bustamante, Calacoto La Asunta – Sud Yungas Colonia Brecha Area 2 s/n frente Convento Washington, DC 20001 La Paz, Bolivia Cel.: 767-65965 Palos Blancos, Bolivia Madres Clarisas Tel: (202) 638-4661 Tel/Fax: (591-2) 279-3206 Tel/Fax: (2) 873-1613 – (2) Coroico - Bolivia http: www.acdivoca.org [email protected] 873-1614 Tel/Fax: (2) 289-5568 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................... 3 I. ICDF IN NUMBERS........................................................................................................... 7 II.1 Activities by Component and Region........................................................................... 14 II.2 Cross-cutting Activities ................................................................................................ -
Phd Thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL (2014) with References, with Summaries in Dutch, Spanish and English
Conserving the genetic diversity of Bolivian wild potatoes Ximena Cadima Fuentes Thesis committee Promotor Prof. Dr M.S.M. Sosef Professor of Biosystematics Wageningen University Co-promotors Dr R.G. van den Berg Associate professor, Biosystematics Group Wageningen University Dr R. van Treuren Researcher, Centre for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands (CGN) Wageningen University and Research Centre Other members Prof. Dr P.C. Struik, Wageningen University Prof. Dr J.C. Biesmeijer, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden Dr M.J.M. Smulders, Wageningen University and Research Centre Dr S. de Haan, International Potato Centre, Lima, Peru This research was conducted under the auspices of the Graduate School of Experimental Plant Sciences. Conserving the genetic diversity of Bolivian wild potatoes Ximena Cadima Fuentes Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. Dr M.J. Kropff, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Monday 8 December 2014 at 4 p.m. in the Aula. Ximena Cadima Fuentes Conserving the genetic diversity of Bolivian wild potatoes, 229 pages. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL (2014) With references, with summaries in Dutch, Spanish and English ISBN 978-94-6257-168-6 Biogeographic province Wild potato species Yungas Bolivian Puna Puna (800- Tucuman Mesophytic Xerophytic 4200 m) (500 (2300- (3200- 5000 m) 5200 m) 5200 m) Solanum acaule Bitter X X X S. achacachense Cárdenas X S. alandiae Cárdenas X S. arnezii Cárdenas X S. avilesii Hawkes & Hjrt. X S. berthaultii Hawkes X S. -
On the Evolution of Afro-Bolivian Spanish Subject Verb Agreement
ON THE EVOLUTION OF AFRO-BOLIVIAN SPANISH SUBJECT- VERB AGREEMENT: VARIATION AND CHANGE1 Sandro SESSAREGO [email protected] The Ohio State University Resum. Sobre l’evolució de la concordança subjecte-verb a l’espanyol afro-bolivià: variació i canvi. Aquest article analitza la variació de la concordança entre subjecte i verb en l’espanyol afro-bolivià, tot avaluant la interacció dels factors socials i lingüís- tics. Les descripcions qualitatives del fenomen (Lipski 2009) semblen indicar un procés de canvi, consistent en la sistemàtica substitució del trets basilectals estigmatitzats afro- bolivians per altres propis de la varietat més prestigiosa de l’espanyol utilitzada a Bolívia. La meva anàlisi quantitativa mostra que el fenomen està afectat significativament per factors socials diversos com són l’edat dels parlants i el seu nivell educatiu, així com fac- tors lingüístics com el temps verbal i la persona/nombre del subjecte. L’estudi destaca el procés d’aproximació d’una varitat de l’espanyol a una altra de més prestigi. Els resultats indiquen que tot i que aquest canvi està causat per factors socials, segueix les mateixes línies que s’han observat en l’itinerari d’adquisició de la concordança subjecte-verb de l’espanyol com a L1 (Radford and Ploennig-Pacheco 1995) i com a L2 (Hawkins 2001). Key words: espanyol afro-bolivià, concordança subjecte-verb. Abstract. On the evolution of Afro-Bolivian Spanish subject-verb agreement: Vari- ation and Change. This paper analyzes subject-verb agreement variation in Afro-Boliv- ian Spanish (abS), -
Contemporary Muisca Indigenous Sounds in the Colombian Andes
Nymsuque: Contemporary Muisca Indigenous Sounds in the Colombian Andes Beatriz Goubert Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2019 © 2019 Beatriz Goubert All rights reserved ABSTRACT Nymsuque: Contemporary Muisca Indigenous Sounds in the Colombian Andes Beatriz Goubert Muiscas figure prominently in Colombian national historical accounts as a worthy and valuable indigenous culture, comparable to the Incas and Aztecs, but without their architectural grandeur. The magnificent goldsmith’s art locates them on a transnational level as part of the legend of El Dorado. Today, though the population is small, Muiscas are committed to cultural revitalization. The 19th century project of constructing the Colombian nation split the official Muisca history in two. A radical division was established between the illustrious indigenous past exemplified through Muisca culture as an advanced, but extinct civilization, and the assimilation politics established for the indigenous survivors, who were considered degraded subjects to be incorporated into the national project as regular citizens (mestizos). More than a century later, and supported in the 1991’s multicultural Colombian Constitution, the nation-state recognized the existence of five Muisca cabildos (indigenous governments) in the Bogotá Plateau, two in the capital city and three in nearby towns. As part of their legal battle for achieving recognition and maintaining it, these Muisca communities started a process of cultural revitalization focused on language, musical traditions, and healing practices. Today’s Muiscas incorporate references from the colonial archive, archeological collections, and scholars’ interpretations of these sources into their contemporary cultural practices. -
1 Language Use, Language Change and Innovation In
LANGUAGE USE, LANGUAGE CHANGE AND INNOVATION IN NORTHERN BELIZE CONTACT SPANISH By OSMER EDER BALAM A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2016 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the guidance and support from many people, who have been instrumental since the inception of this seminal project on contact Spanish outcomes in Northern Belize. First and foremost, I am thankful to Dr. Mary Montavon and Prof. Usha Lakshmanan, who were of great inspiration to me at Southern Illinois University-Carbondale. Thank you for always believing in me and motivating me to pursue a PhD. This achievement is in many ways also yours, as your educational ideologies have profoundly influenced me as a researcher and educator. I am indebted to my committee members, whose guidance and feedback were integral to this project. In particular, I am thankful to my adviser Dr. Gillian Lord, whose energy and investment in my education and research were vital for the completion of this dissertation. I am also grateful to Dr. Ana de Prada Pérez, whose assistance in the statistical analyses was invaluable to this project. I am thankful to my other committee members, Dr. Benjamin Hebblethwaite, Dr. Ratree Wayland, and Dr. Brent Henderson, for their valuable and insighful comments and suggestions. I am also grateful to scholars who have directly or indirectly contributed to or inspired my work in Northern Belize. These researchers include: Usha Lakshmanan, Ad Backus, Jacqueline Toribio, Mark Sebba, Pieter Muysken, Penelope Gardner- Chloros, and Naomi Lapidus Shin. -
DICCIONARIO DE AMERICANISMOS: LA LETRA R (BDE, JD), H SPANISH-CZECH DICTIONARY of AMERICANISMS: LETTER R (BDE, JD), H Magisterská Diplomová Práce
UNIVERZITA PALACKÉHO V OLOMOUCI Filozofická fakulta Katedra romanistiky DICCIONARIO DE AMERICANISMOS: LA LETRA R (BDE, JD), H SPANISH-CZECH DICTIONARY OF AMERICANISMS: LETTER R (BDE, JD), H Magisterská diplomová práce Autor: Bc. Irena Schönweitzová Vedoucí práce: prof. PhDr. Jiří Černý, CSc. Olomouc 2018 Prohlašuji, že jsem tuto magisterskou diplomovou práci vypracovala samostatně pod odborným vedením prof. PhDr. Jiřího Černého, CSc. a uvedla v ní veškerou literaturu a ostatní zdroje, které jsem použila. V Olomouci dne …………………………ַַ Podpis PODĚKOVÁNÍ: Ráda bych tímto poděkovala vedoucímu své diplomové práce prof. PhDr. Jiřímu Černému, CSc. za jeho trpělivost, ochotu a cenné rady při psaní této práce. Chtěla bych také poděkovat svým blízkým za velkou podporu a pomoc při svých studiích. ÍNDICE Introducción ................................................................................................................................ 5 Lista de abreviaciones ................................................................................................................. 6 1 El diccionario de americanismos español-checo ............................................................. 11 1.1 Palabras con la letra inicial R ............................................................................ 11 1.2 Palabras con la letra inicial H ............................................................................ 32 2 Comentario ...................................................................................................................