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Bolivia Coca Cultivation Survey

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Bolivia Coca Cultivation Survey ABBREVIATIONS BOB Bolivianos (Bolivian currency) CONALTID Bolivian National Council for Fighting against Drugs DIGCOIN Bolivian National Direction of Coca Leaf Control and Industrialization DIGECO Bolivian National Direction of Coca Leaf Commercialization (up to 2005) DIGPROCOCA Bolivian National Direction of Development for Coca Growing Areas DIRECO National Direction of Agricultural Re-conversion (up to 2005) FELCN Special Force against Drug Trafficking GCP Ground Control Point GIS Geographical Information Systems GPS Global Positioning System ICMP UNODC Illicit Crop Monitoring Programme UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime WDR World Drug Report ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The following organizations and individuals contributed to the implementation of the coca cultivation survey in Bolivia and to the preparation of the present report: Government of Bolivia: Vice-Ministry for Coca and Integral Development National Direction of Development for Coca Growing Areas (DIGPROCOCA) Vice-Ministry of Social Defense UNODC: Ivan Alfaro – Manager (Project) Robert Szucs - GIS Specialist (Project) Patricia Delgado - GIS Specialist (Project) Blanca Vega – Remote Sensing Specialist (Project) Helder Catari –Remote Sensing Specialist (Project) Claudia Ortega - Administrative Assistant (Project) Varinia Herbas – Technichian in Geomatics (Project) Stephan Campos - Technichian in Geomatics (Project) Isabel Condori – Intern (Project) Marien Avalos - Intern (Project) Mariela Moreno - Intern (Project) Gaby Flores - Intern (Project) Miguel López - Intern (Project) Cesar Echeverría - Intern (Project) Christina Albertin - UNODC Representative (field office) José Rocabado - UNODC National Programme Officer (field office) Carlos Diaz - UNODC National Programme Officer (field office) Coen Bussink - Remote Sensing and GIS Expert (Statistics and Survey Section, Vienna) Anja Korenblik - Programme Management Officer (Studies and Threat Analysis Section, Vienna) Angela Me – Chief (Statistics and Survey Section, Vienna) Martin Raithelhuber - Programme Officer (Statistics and Survey Section, Vienna) Javier Teran – Statistician (Statistics and Survey Section, Vienna) Photo credits: UNODC BOL/F57 project or otherwise indicated. The implementation of UNODC’s Illicit Crop Monitoring Programme in the Andean countries and the Bolivia survey in 2007 was made possible thanks to financial contributions from the Governments of Austria, Colombia, France, the United States of America, and from the European Commission. Bolivia Coca Survey for 2008 PREFACE In Bolivia, coca cultivation increased by 6% in 2008, to a total of 30,600 hectares. Potential production of cocaine increased by 9% to 113 metric tons. The increases, while relatively small, continue an upward trend noticed over the past few years. Compared to 2005, potential cocaine production is up 41%, and the area under coca cultivation is up 20%. In 2008, both coca cultivation and cocaine production were at their highest levels since 1998, though still far lower than the peak of the mid 1990s. The area with the largest increase continues to be La Asunta, in Yungas of La Paz, where there is no coca eradication or alternative development. There was also an increase detected in the amount of coca cultivation carried out in national parks. Bolivia should learn from Colombia’s success with manual as well as self-eradication, and would benefit from greater development assistance to wean cocaleros off of coca cultivation President Morales has called for greater appreciation of the use of coca leaves for traditional consumption. I welcome the EU-sponsored study that should shed more light on this issue. The Bolivian Government deserves praise for a significant increase in drug interdiction. There was a 45% increase in reported seizures of cocaine base, from 14,912 kg to 21,641, and a 145% increase in seizures of cocaine hydrochloride. Moreover, the number of dismantled laboratories continued to increase. Antonio Maria Costa Executive Director United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 1 Bolivia Coca Survey for 2008 2 Bolivia Coca Survey for 2008 TABLE OF CONTENT 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 7 2 FINDINGS.................................................................................................................................................. 9 2.1 COCA CULTIVATION.............................................................................................................................. 9 2.2 REGIONAL ANALYSIS .......................................................................................................................... 13 2.2.1 Coca cultivation in the Yungas of La Paz................................................................................................ 15 2.2.2 Coca cultivation in Apolo......................................................................................................................... 23 2.2.3 Coca cultivation in Cochabamba Region ................................................................................................ 25 2.3 COCA YIELD AND PRODUCTION........................................................................................................... 30 2.3.1 Results of the study on coca yield in the Yungas of La Paz.................................................................... 31 2.3.2 Coca yield in the Cochabamba Tropics .................................................................................................. 32 2.4 COCA PRICES AND TRADING............................................................................................................... 33 2.5 COCA CULTIVATION AND RELATED ISSUES............................................................................................ 41 2.5.1 Coca cultivation and land use...................................................................................................... 41 2.5.2 Coca cultivation related with other crops..................................................................................... 43 2.5.3 Coca cultivation in National Parks ............................................................................................... 49 2.6 REPORTED ERADICATION.................................................................................................................... 50 2.7 REPORTED SEIZURES......................................................................................................................... 53 2.8 MÁXIMUN COCAINE PRODUCTION IN BOLIVIA ........................................................................................ 55 Index of maps Map 1: Coca cultivation density, Bolivia, 2008 ............................................................................... 8 Map 2: Coca cultivation density in the Andean Region, 2008 ...................................................... 11 Map 3: Coca cultivation change 2007-2008, Bolivia..................................................................... 12 Map 4: Coca cultivation density, for the Yungas of La Paz and Apolo, Bolivia 2008.................... 14 Map 5: Coca cultivation density for Chapare, Bolivia 2008 .......................................................... 24 Map 6: Coca leaf trading authorized by DIGCOIN, by department, 2008..................................... 35 Map 7: Land use and coca cultivation, Bolivia 2008..................................................................... 40 Map 8: Coca Cultivation and other crops in Cochabamba Tropics .............................................. 42 Map 9: Coca crops and other crops in the Yungas of La Paz, Caranavi and Alto Beni................ 44 Map 10: Coca cultivation and National Parks, Bolivia 2008........................................................... 48 Map 11: Rationalization in Cochabamba Tropics .......................................................................... 50 Map 12: Satellite imagery acquired by the Project in 2008............................................................ 60 Map 13: Location geo-video flight lanes over the Chapare............................................................ 61 3 Bolivia Coca Survey for 2008 FACT SHEET – Bolivia Coca Survey for 2007 Change 2007 on 2008 2008 Coca cultivation 28,900 ha +6% 30,500 ha Of which in the Yungas of La Paz 19,800 ha +5% 20,700 ha in Chapare 8,800 ha +8% 9,500 ha in Apolo 300 ha 0% 300 ha Of which permitted by Bolivian law 1008 12,000 ha 12,000 ha not permitted by Bolivian law 1008 16,900 ha +6% 18,600 ha Of which in national parks 1,825 ha +13% 2,063 ha Average annual sun-dried coca leaf yield1 in Chapare 2,764 kg/ha 2,764 kg/ha in the Yungas of La Paz 1,321 kg/ha 1,321 kg/ha in the Yungas, traditional coca growing areas 1,215 kg/ha 1,215 kg/ha Production of sun-dried coca leaf 51,000 tm +6% 54,000 Potential production of cocaine 104 tm +9% 113 mt as % of global cocaine production 10% +3% 13% National weighted average farm-gate price of US$ 4.1/kg +29% US$ 5.3/kg coca leaf (outside state-authorized market) Chapare average farm-gate price of coca leaf US$ 3.8/kg +37% US$ 5.2/kg US$ 214 US$ 293 Total farm-gate value of coca leaf production +37% millones millón US$ 9.1 US$ 9.7 GDP2 +6.15% billones billón Farm-gate value of coca leaf production as 2.4% 3.0% per cent of GDP US$ 1.36 US$ 1.40 Value of agricultural sector GDP +2.94% billones billón Farm-gate value of coca leaf production as % 16% 21% of value of 2007 agricultural sector Reported eradication
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