DOCSLIB.ORG

The Emergence of a Land Market in China

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Emergence of a Land Market in China _o(*¿-5 THE EMERGENCE OF A I"AI\D IVIARKET IN CHINA A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Jlang Bing to Department of Economics & Centre for Asia Studies The University of Adelaide Adelaide, Australia September 1994 v¡ø.JeJ \ 1Ú\5 ì Contents Contents of Chapters List of Tables List of Figures Abbreviations Research Declaration Acknowledgments Summar5r References CHAPTER I TNTRODUCTTON (P. 17) CFIAPTER 2 SOME THEORETICAL ISSUES IN THE ANALYSIS OF TFIE ECONOMICS OF CHINA'S IAND USE (p. 28) 2. r Ideological changes and the Reform of Land system (p. 2s) 2.2 Re-constructing china's Land ownership system (p. 83) 2.3 The Management of Land with and without a Land Market (P. 38) 2.4Land Prices and Land Uses (p. 42) 2 CFIAPTER 3 CHINA'S DUAL I.AND OWNER*SHIP SYSTEM AND I"AND ADMIMSTRATION (P. 50) 3.1 The Formation of Collective Ownership of Rural Land (P. 5r) 3.2 The Formation of State Ownership of Urban t and (P. 62) 3.3 The Relationship Between State Ownership of Urban Land and Collective Ownership of Rural Land (P. 66) 3.4 Issues Related to Land Ownership (P. 73) 3.5 Land Administration (P. 80) CFIAPTER 4 THE SUPPLY OF AND DEMAND FOR I.AND UNDER THE PI.ANNED ECONOIVTY SYSTEM (P. 93) 4.I The Supply of Land (P. 94) 4.2T}ae Demand for Land and Its Management (P. f 05) 4.3 The Planning and the Market: Problems with Land Supply in a Transitional Economy (P. f 07) 4.4 Summeries (P. If 5) CFIAPTER 5 STEP ONE IN REFORM OF THE PI.A}INED I,AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: THE TÐ( ON NON- AGRICURURAL USE OF AGRICURURAL LAND AND I,AND usE FEES (P. r 18) 5.1 The Introduction of Land Use Fees or Land Use Tax (P L22l J 5.2Tax on Non-Ag¡ricultural Use of Agricultural t^and (TNUAL) (P. 125) 5.3 Problems Arising FYom Implementing the Land use Tax and the TNUAL and tJ:e Implications of These Transitional Reform Measures on the Experiment with a Land Market with Chinese Characteristics (p. t2g) 5.3. f The Divisions of the Land Use Tax and the TNUAL Revenue among the Central, prefectural, County and Township Governments (p. ISO) 5.3.2 The Relative Levels of the Land Use Tax Rates and the TNUAL Rates (p. rS4) 5.3.3 Diffìculties in the Current l^and Administration System (P. 139) 5.3.4 The Implications of these Tfansitional Measures for China's E>rçeriment with a l"and Market \¡/ith Chinese Characteristics (p. I4O) CHAPTER 6 STEP TWO IN REFORM OF THE PIÁ,NNED I.AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: THE SALE AND TRANSFER oF sTlrTE LAND USE RIGI{TS (P. 146) 6.1 The Judicial Reforms and the Laws Governing the Experiment with the Sale and Transfer of State Land Use Rights (P. r4Z) 6.2 The Experiment with the sale and Tfansfer of Land use Rights (P. 155) 4 6.2.L The Primary Market: the Sale of Land Use Rights by the State (P. 159) 6,2.2 The Secondary Market the Tfansfer of the Acquired Land Use Rigþts (P. f66) 6.2.3 The Prices for Land Use Rights (P. 175) 6.3 The Development of a Land Market with Chinese Characteristics (P. 187) CFIAPTER 7 CHINA'S URBAN I.A}ID USE PATTERNS AND THE EFFICIENCY IMPLICATIONS OF ITS CFIANGES (P. I93) 7.1 Theories on the Market Value of L"and and the Models for Equilibrium l^and Use in a Monocentric City (P. 195) 7.2 Clrinese Urban l^and l-Iser's Bid-Rent Functions and the Current Urban l^and Use Patterns (P. 2OO) 7.3 Changes to Current Urban Land Use Patterns and ttre Effìciency Implications of the Changes (P. 2f4) 7 .4 JÙlarket and Planning: tJ:e Determinants of Urban Land Use Patterns (P.2241 CHAPTER 8 CONCLUSTONS (P. 23O) 5 Llst of Tables Table 3-1. Institutional Tfansformation and Ownership of Land in Rural China (1949-1979) (P. 6t) Table 3-2. Criteria of Excessive Land Holding (p. 64) Table 3-3. city, urban Area and Built-up Area Between rgTg and 19g6 and their Percentages in tl.e Total National L,and (p. zo) Table 3-4. Relative sizes of city, urban Area and Built-up Area (p. zl) Table 3-5. Expansion of urban Area (shrqu) (unit: square Kilometres) (p. 73) Table 4-1. Authorised Land Approval Rights for Each Level of Government (p. g5) Table 4-2. State Purchase of Collective Land (p. f 05) Table 5-1. Tax Rates for using state urban l^and (p. 125) Table 5-2. Tax on Non-Ag¡ricultural Use of Agricultural l^and (TNUAL) (p. r26) Table 5-3. The Modifìed Rates of Tax on Non-Agricultural use of Agricultural Land (p. l2g) Table 5-4. Standard Annual l"and Tæ< Rates and Hubei provincial Rates (Yuan per Square Metre) (p. Ig5) 6 Table 5-5. Comparisons Between TNUAL and Some Related Costs in Liaoning Province in l99O (P. 137) Table 6-1. The Duration of Land Use Rights (P. 151) Table 6-2. Sales of State Land Use Rights in the Primary Market (P. f 6I) Table 6-3. Total t and Use Rights Supplied for Housing Development in the Primary Market in tgg2 (Unit Hectare) (P. 164) Table 6-4. Unlawful Tlansactions in Haidian District, BeiJing (P. f 70) Table 6-5. Unlau¡fi¡l Deals with Public Housing Property tn Xicheng District, BeiJing (P. l7O) Table 6-6. Donations among the Total Transactions in Haidian District, Beijing (P. r73) Table 6-7. Housing Rents in Dashelan District, BeiJing (Rent: Yuan Per Square Metre Per Month) (P. I75) Table 6-8. Land Use Right hices by Negotiation, Bidding and Auction: National (f 987-I99O) and in Shanghai and Shenzhen (1988 and 1989) (Price: Yuan Per Square Metre) (P. 177) Table 6-9. Average Land Use Right Prices by Negotiation in Shenzhen in l99f [Yuan Per Square Metre) (P. 178) Table 6-f O. The Bidding Prices for Three Groups of t^and Use Rights in Shenzhen in l99l fYuan Per Square Met¡e) (P. f 79) Table 6-f f . The Proportion of the Three Different Sale Methods'of l^and Use Rights in Shenzhen Between f 987-1989 (P. l8l) Table 6-12. National Average Housing Prices (I98O-199O) (P. 183) 7 Table 6-13. collective Land R¡rchasing costs in GuanSphou, BeiJing and Shanghai fYuan Per Square Metre) (p. 184) Table 6-14. Land Appreciation Tax Rates (Effective from January r, lgg4) (P. 186) Table 7-1. Urban L,and Use: Industrial and Residential (p. 2f l) Table 7-2. Beijing Residential Housing prices in Different suburbs (Average prices, yu¿ul per square met¡e) (p. Z22l 8 List of Flgures Figure 3-r. spatial Relations among cfængshi, shqu and J¿arrche¡wqu(p. 6e) Figure 3-3. The Power Hierarchy of L^and Administration (P. 84) Figure 3-4. The conceptual overlap of urban State Land oumership and Rural Collective l^and Oumership (p. 86) Figure 3-5. GuangzhouTþe (P. 89) Figure 3-6. Z}:tuhai Tþe (P. 90) Figure 3-7. Fushan Tlpe (P. 9l) Figure 4-1. The Short Run l"and Supply (P. gZ) Figure 4-2. ^Ilr;e t¡ng Run Urban Land Supply Curve (p. 98) Figure 4-3a. Government's Position: Rent Maximisation (p. f 02) Figure 4-3b. A Bargaining Model Between State and Collectives Over Land Compensation (P. IOS) Figure 5-1. The Impacts of a land Tax on ttre Demand for and supply of L,and in a Free Market (P. I42) Figure 5-2. The Impacts of a Land Tax on the Demand for and suppty of Land in China (P. f 43) 9 Fi$ure 7-1. The Land Rent Variations and La¡rd-Use Patterns in the Von Thunen Model (P. 196) Figure 7-2. Equilibrium I"and use Pattern in a Monocentric City The (p. re8) Figure 7-3. Bid-Rent Functions for Manufacturing and Commerce in Jinan (P. 2Ol) Figure 7-4.Ttrree Bid-Rent Functions in NanJing (p. 2O5) Figure 7-5. The Gains and l¿sses of the Current Flat Residential Rent (P. 2O7) Figure 7-6. Three Bid-Rent Functions in Ningbo (p. 2O8) Figure 7-7.TIte Welfare Impacts of Manufacturing Moving out of the CBD (P. 2 te) Figure 7-8. Impacts of Changes in the Residential Sector Reform (P. 223 l0 Abbreviations Used ln Text and Notes CASS Chinese Academy of Social Science CBD Central Business District ccP Chinese Communist Party CCPCC Chinese Communist Party Central Committee CPEs Central Planning Economies FYP Five-Year Plan GEDZ General Economic Development Tnne GLUB General Land Use Bureau IAB Land Administration Bureau MOA Ministry of Agriculture MOC Ministry of Construction MOF Ministry of Finance MOLR Ministr5r of L,and Reclamation NPC National People's Congress PRC People's Republic of China RMRB Renmin Ribao, the People's Daily SEZ Special Economic Tnne SI,AB State Land Administration Bureau SSB State Statistical Bureau TNUAL Tæ< on Non-Agricultural Use of Agricultural l^and )GIS Xinhuashe, Xinhua News Agency 11 Research Declaration for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or fnstitute: to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contalns no 'rraterial previously published or written by another author except whelre cue reference is clearly made in the text.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842-1939
    Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842-1939 William M. Coleman, IV Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Columbia University 2014 © 2013 William M. Coleman, IV All rights reserved Abstract Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842-1939 William M. Coleman, IV This dissertation analyzes the process of state building by Qing imperial representatives and Republican state officials in Batang, a predominantly ethnic Tibetan region located in southwestern Sichuan Province. Utilizing Chinese provincial and national level archival materials and Tibetan language works, as well as French and American missionary records and publications, it explores how Chinese state expansion evolved in response to local power and has three primary arguments. First, by the mid-nineteenth century, Batang had developed an identifiable structure of local governance in which native chieftains, monastic leaders, and imperial officials shared power and successfully fostered peace in the region for over a century. Second, the arrival of French missionaries in Batang precipitated a gradual expansion of imperial authority in the region, culminating in radical Qing military intervention that permanently altered local understandings of power. While short-lived, centrally-mandated reforms initiated soon thereafter further integrated Batang into the Qing Empire, thereby
    [Show full text]
  • Sp2016deanslist INTERNATIONAL
    THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY Dean's List SPRING SEMESTER 2016 Australia Sorted by Zip Code, City and Last Name Student Name (Last, First, Middle) City State Zip Bailey, Meg Elizabeth Merewether 2291 Caudle, Emily May Canberra 2609 Davis, Sarah Kate Canberra 2615 Thek, Hannah Louise Surrey Hills 3127 Engel, Rachel Olivia Glen Iris 3146 Taig, Darcy Lachlan Melbourne 3166 Williams, Stephanie Kate Trevallyn 7250 THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY Enrollment Services - Analysis and Reporting June 8, 2016 Page 1 of 105 Contact: [email protected] THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY Dean's List SPRING SEMESTER 2016 Bangladesh Sorted by Zip Code, City and Last Name Student Name (Last, First, Middle) City State Zip Bari, Rizvi Dhaka 1215 THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY Enrollment Services - Analysis and Reporting June 8, 2016 Page 2 of 105 Contact: [email protected] THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY Dean's List SPRING SEMESTER 2016 Brazil Sorted by Zip Code, City and Last Name Student Name (Last, First, Middle) City State Zip Scuta, Matheus Zanatelli Rio de Janeiro 22620 Sprintzin, Leonardo Curitiba 80240 Franzoni Ereno, Gustavo Curitiba 81200 Missell, Daniel Caxias do Sul 95020 THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY Enrollment Services - Analysis and Reporting June 8, 2016 Page 3 of 105 Contact: [email protected] THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY Dean's List SPRING SEMESTER 2016 Canada Sorted by Zip Code, City and Last Name Student Name (Last, First, Middle) City State Zip Withers, Jake Robert William Otonabee ON K9J 6 Sauve, Kassidy Jeanne Oshawa ON L1K 2 Deng, Wenjing WHITBY ON L1P1M White, Calder
    [Show full text]
  • Submitted for the Phd Degree at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
    THE CHINESE SHORT STORY IN 1979: AN INTERPRETATION BASED ON OFFICIAL AND NONOFFICIAL LITERARY JOURNALS DESMOND A. SKEEL Submitted for the PhD degree at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 1995 ProQuest Number: 10731694 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10731694 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 A b s t ra c t The short story has been an important genre in 20th century Chinese literature. By its very nature the short story affords the writer the opportunity to introduce swiftly any developments in ideology, theme or style. Scholars have interpreted Chinese fiction published during 1979 as indicative of a "change" in the development of 20th century Chinese literature. This study examines a number of short stories from 1979 in order to determine the extent of that "change". The first two chapters concern the establishment of a representative database and the adoption of viable methods of interpretation. An important, although much neglected, phenomenon in the make-up of 1979 literature are the works which appeared in so-called "nonofficial" journals.
    [Show full text]
  • News China March. 13.Cdr
    VOL. XXV No. 3 March 2013 Rs. 10.00 The first session of the 12th National People’s Congress (NPC) opens at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China on March 5, 2013. (Xinhua/Pang Xinglei) Chinese Ambassador to India Mr. Wei Wei meets Indian Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Cheng Guoping , on behalf Foreign Minister Salman Khurshid in New Delhi on of State Councilor Dai Bingguo, attends the dialogue on February 25, 2013. During the meeting the two sides Afghanistan issue held in Moscow,together with Russian exchange views on high-level interactions between the two Security Council Secretary Nikolai Patrushev and Indian countries, economic and trade cooperation and issues of National Security Advisor Shivshankar Menon on February common concern. 20, 2013. Chinese Ambassador to India Mr.Wei Wei and other VIP Chinese Ambassador to India Mr. Wei Wei and Indian guests are having a group picture with actors at the 2013 Minister of Culture Smt. Chandresh Kumari Katoch enjoy Happy Spring Festival organized by the Chinese Embassy “China in the Spring Festival” exhibition at the 2013 Happy and FICCI in New Delhi on February 25,2013. Artists from Spring Festival. The exhibition introduces cultures, Jilin Province, China and Punjab Pradesh, India are warmly customs and traditions of Chinese Spring Festival. welcomed by the audience. Chinese Ambassador to India Mr. Wei Wei(third from left) Chinese Ambassador to India Mr. Wei Wei visits the participates in the “Happy New Year “ party organized by Chinese Visa Application Service Centre based in the Chinese Language Department of Jawaharlal Nehru Southern Delhi on March 6, 2013.
    [Show full text]
  • Yining Li Influence of Ethical Factors on Economy
    China Academic Library Yining Li Beyond Market and Government In uence of Ethical Factors on Economy China Academic Library Academic Advisory Board: Researcher Geng, Yunzhi, Institute of Modern History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, China Professor Han, Zhen, Beijing Foreign Studies University, China Researcher Hao, Shiyuan, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, China Professor Li, Xueqin, Department of History, Tsinghua University, China Professor Li, Yining, Guanghua School of Management, Peking University, China Researcher Lu, Xueyi, Institute of Sociology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, China Professor Tang, Yijie, Department of Philosophy, Peking University, China Professor Wong, Young-tsu, Department of History, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA Professor Yu, Keping, Central Compilation and Translation Bureau, China Professor Yue, Daiyun, Department of Chinese Language and Literature, Peking University, China Zhu, Yinghuang, China Daily Press, China Series Coordinators: Zitong Wu, Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, China Yan Li, Springer More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11562 Yining Li Beyond Market and Government Infl uence of Ethical Factors on Economy Yining Li Guanghua School of Management Peking University Beijing , China Sponsored by Chinese Fund for the Humanities and Social Sciences (ᵜҖ㧧ѝॾ⽮Պ、ᆖส䠁䍴ࣙ) ISSN 2195-1853 ISSN 2195-1861 (electronic) ISBN 978-3-662-44253-1 ISBN 978-3-662-44254-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-44254-8 Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014944134 © Foreign Language Teaching and Research Publishing Co., Ltd and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 This work is subject to copyright.
    [Show full text]
  • INSTITUTE for POLICY REFORM Working Paper Series
    339.5 • 1575 w-81 INSTITUTE • FOR POLICY REFORM • • • • WAITE MEMORIAL BOOK COLLECTION DEPT. OF AG. AND APPUED ECONOMICS 1994 BUFORD AVE. - 232 COB UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA ST. PAUL, MN 55108 U.S.A. • Working Paper Series The objective of the Institute enhance the foundation for broad based • for Policy Reform is to economic growth in developing countries. Through its research, education and training activities the Institute encourages active participation in the dialogue on policy reform, focusing on changes that stimulate and sustain economic development. At the core of these activities is the search for creative ideas that can be used to design constitutional, institutional and policy reforms. Research fellows and policy practitioners are engaged by IPR to expand • the analytical core of the reform process. This includes all elements of comprehensive and customized reforms packages, recognizing cultural, political, economic and environmental elements as crucial dimensions of societies. 1400 16th Street, NW / Suite 350 Washington, DC 20036 (202)3450 • 339.5 • 1575 w-81 INSTITUTE 0 FOR POLICY REFORM • IPR81 Federalism, Chinese Style: The Political Basis for Economic Success in China Barry Weingastl, Yingyi Qian2 and Gabriella Montinola3 * • WAITE MEMORIAL BOOK COLLECTION DEPT. OF AG. AND APPUED ECONOMICS 1994 BUFORD AVE. - 232 COB UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA ST. PAUL MN 56108 USA 0 Working Paper Series • The objective of the Institute for Policy Reform is to enhance the foundation for broad based economic growth in developing countries. Through its research, education and training activities the Institute encourages active participation in the dialogue on policy reform, focusing on changes that stimulate and sustain economic development.
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond Buddhist Apology the Political Use of Buddhism by Emperor Wu of the Liang Dynasty
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Ghent University Academic Bibliography Beyond Buddhist Apology The Political Use of Buddhism by Emperor Wu of the Liang Dynasty (r.502-549) Tom De Rauw ii To my daughter Pauline, the most wonderful distraction one could ever wish for and to my grandfather, a cakravartin who ruled his own private universe iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Although the writing of a doctoral dissertation is an individual endeavour in nature, it certainly does not come about from the efforts of one individual alone. The present dissertation owes much of its existence to the help of the many people who have guided my research over the years. My heartfelt thanks, first of all, go to Dr. Ann Heirman, who supervised this thesis. Her patient guidance has been of invaluable help. Thanks also to Dr. Bart Dessein and Dr. Christophe Vielle for their help in steering this thesis in the right direction. I also thank Dr. Chen Jinhua, Dr. Andreas Janousch and Dr. Thomas Jansen for providing me with some of their research and for sharing their insights with me. My fellow students Dr. Mathieu Torck, Leslie De Vries, Mieke Matthyssen, Silke Geffcken, Evelien Vandenhaute, Esther Guggenmos, Gudrun Pinte and all my good friends who have lent me their listening ears, and have given steady support and encouragement. To my wife, who has had to endure an often absent-minded husband during these first years of marriage, I acknowledge a huge debt of gratitude. She was my mentor in all but the academic aspects of this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • University of California Riverside
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Uncertain Satire in Modern Chinese Fiction and Drama: 1930-1949 A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Comparative Literature by Xi Tian August 2014 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Perry Link, Chairperson Dr. Paul Pickowicz Dr. Yenna Wu Copyright by Xi Tian 2014 The Dissertation of Xi Tian is approved: Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Uncertain Satire in Modern Chinese Fiction and Drama: 1930-1949 by Xi Tian Doctor of Philosophy, Graduate Program in Comparative Literature University of California, Riverside, August 2014 Dr. Perry Link, Chairperson My dissertation rethinks satire and redefines our understanding of it through the examination of works from the 1930s and 1940s. I argue that the fluidity of satiric writing in the 1930s and 1940s undermines the certainties of the “satiric triangle” and gives rise to what I call, variously, self-satire, self-counteractive satire, empathetic satire and ambiguous satire. It has been standard in the study of satire to assume fixed and fairly stable relations among satirist, reader, and satirized object. This “satiric triangle” highlights the opposition of satirist and satirized object and has generally assumed an alignment by the reader with the satirist and the satirist’s judgments of the satirized object. Literary critics and theorists have usually shared these assumptions about the basis of satire. I argue, however, that beginning with late-Qing exposé fiction, satire in modern Chinese literature has shown an unprecedented uncertainty and fluidity in the relations among satirist, reader and satirized object.
    [Show full text]
  • Shanghai-Based Industrialization in the Early 20 Century
    Working Papers of the Global Economic History Network (GEHN) No. 18/06 Shanghai-Based Industrialization in The Early 20th Century: A Quantitative And Institutional Analysis Debin Ma © Debin Ma Department of Economic History London School of Economics February 2006 This paper was presented at the seventh GEHN Conference, Istanbul, Turkey (11-12th September, 2005), funded by a Leverhulme Trust Grant: “A Millennium of Material Progress”. For more information about the participants and activities of GEHN, go to http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/economicHistory/GEHN/Default.htm Department of Economic History London School of Economics Houghton Street London, WC2A 2AE Tel: +44 (0) 20 7955 7860 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7955 7730 Shanghai-Based Industrialization in the Early 20th Century: a Quantitative and Institutional Analysis Debin Ma Abstract: A significant but uneven spurt of industrialization started in China during the first three decades of the 20th century at a time of political instability and national disintegration. This article argues that economic growth during this period was closely associated with the rise and expansion of major treaty ports designated under the Western imperialist framework. I focus on the political institutions of a city-state adopted in early 20th century Shanghai – the rule of law, secure property rights and provision of public goods – as a crucial determinant to such growth. Using a historical GDP framework, this paper shows that the Shanghai-based industrialization exerted a significant quantitative impact on her immediate hinterland, the Lower Yangzi region. Per capita income in the two Lower Yangzi provinces was 64% higher than China’s national average, and it had experienced a magnitude of growth and structural change between 1914/18 and 1931/36 comparable to contemporaneous Japan and her East Asian colonies.
    [Show full text]
  • The Development of Copycat Towns in China: an Analysis of Their Economic, Social, and Environmental Implications Working Paper WP17DS1
    The Development of Copycat Towns in China: An Analysis of Their Economic, Social, and Environmental Implications Working Paper WP17DS1 Daniel Sui Ohio State University Bo Zhao Oregon State University Hui Kong Ohio State University October 2017 The findings and conclusions of this Working Paper reflect the views of the author(s) and have not been subject to a detailed review by the staff of the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy. Contact the Lincoln Institute with questions or requests for permission to reprint this paper. [email protected] © 2017 Lincoln Institute of Land Policy Abstract The great urban leap forward in China during the past four decades has dramatically transformed the Chinese landscape across the country as well as Chinese society in many profound ways. By situating the development of xenophilic copycat towns under the broader context of China’s four urban design and development motifs, this report presents an initial study of copycat/shanzhai towns in China through a mixed qualitative and quantitative approach. The qualitative data gathered through on-site interviews and observations reveal multiple unique and local circumstances for the development of these copycat towns while the quantitative analysis and mapping using big data analytics shed light for the first time on the national trend of this phenomena and its manifestations in the local real estate market. Furthermore, the way in which the development of copycat towns still follows the basic laws of supply and demand and market forces should be taken into full consideration. Most of the successful copycat towns covered in this report are either located near a large city, or have convenient transportation infrastructure that makes them accessible from nearby city centers.
    [Show full text]
  • A Global Contest for Power and Influence
    CHAPTER 1 U.S.-CHINA GLOBAL COMPETITION SECTION 1: A GLOBAL CONTEST FOR POWER AND INFLUENCE: CHINA’S VIEW OF STRA- TEGIC COMPETITION WITH THE UNITED STATES Key Findings • Beijing has long held the ambition to match the United States as the world’s most powerful and influential nation. Over the past 15 years, as its economic and technological prowess, dip- lomatic influence, and military capabilities have grown, China has turned its focus toward surpassing the United States. Chi- nese leaders have grown increasingly aggressive in their pur- suit of this goal following the 2008 global financial crisis and General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Xi Jinping’s ascent to power in 2012. • Chinese leaders regard the United States as China’s primary adversary and as the country most capable of preventing the CCP from achieving its goals. Over the nearly three decades of the post-Cold War era, Beijing has made concerted efforts to diminish the global strength and appeal of the United States. Chinese leaders have become increasingly active in seizing op- portunities to present the CCP’s one-party, authoritarian gover- nance system and values as an alternative model to U.S. global leadership. • China’s approach to competition with the United States is based on the CCP’s view of the United States as a dangerous ideologi- cal opponent that seeks to constrain its rise and undermine the legitimacy of its rule. In recent years, the CCP’s perception of the threat posed by Washington’s championing of liberal demo- cratic ideals has intensified as the Party has reemphasized the ideological basis for its rule.
    [Show full text]
  • ACROSS the TAIWAN STRAIT: from COOPERATION to CONFRONTATION? 2013–2017
    VOLUME 5 2014–2015 ACROSS THE TAIWAN STRAIT: from COOPERATION to CONFRONTATION? 2013–2017 Compendium of works from the China Leadership Monitor ALAN D. ROMBERG ACROSS THE TAIWAN STRAIT: from COOPERATION to CONFRONTATION? 2013–2017 Compendium of works from the China Leadership Monitor ALAN D. ROMBERG VOLUME FIVE July 28, 2014–July 14, 2015 JUNE 2018 Stimson cannot be held responsible for the content of any webpages belonging to other firms, organizations, or individuals that are referenced by hyperlinks. Such links are included in good faith to provide the user with additional information of potential interest. Stimson has no influence over their content, their correctness, their programming, or how frequently they are updated by their owners. Some hyperlinks might eventually become defunct. Copyright © 2018 Stimson All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent from Stimson. The Henry L. Stimson Center 1211 Connecticut Avenue Northwest, 8th floor Washington, DC 20036 Telephone: 202.223.5956 www.stimson.org Preface Brian Finlay and Ellen Laipson It is our privilege to present this collection of Alan Romberg’s analytical work on the cross-Strait relationship between the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and Taiwan. Alan joined Stimson in 2000 to lead the East Asia Program after a long and prestigious career in the Department of State, during which he was an instrumental player in the development of the United States’ policy in Asia, particularly relating to the PRC and Taiwan. He brought his expertise to bear on his work at Stimson, where he wrote the seminal book on U.S.
    [Show full text]