Vol. IV. No. 12 DECEMBER [)949 INFORMATION ItSUED ir THE ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT &RITAIN 8, FAIRFAX MANSIONS, FINCHLEY ROAD ( FA.RF°AX'IOAD ) LONDON. N.W.3 Oflkt and Cormiltini Hmn: 10 s.m.—I p.m., i—i p.m.. Sundajr 10 Lim.—I p.m. T*ltpl»n»: MAIda Vale «09«

" THIS BLESSED PLOT" RECENT Report of the Under-Secretary of A State for the Home Orfice, published in this issue, reveals that in the course of the last four years JOURNEY'S END about 365,000 persons were admitted to this country or. a more or less permanent basis. Considering the A few weeks ago, the International Refugee After much bargaining, the constitution fact that, unlike countries overseas. Great Britain Organisation (IRO) presented its report ; was finally sanctioned by the General is not a typical country of immigration, this is a very though it is meant to cover only the fiscal Assembly of U.N. on 1.5th December, 1946. fine record indeed. year 1st July, 1948, to 30th June, 1949, it On 1st July, 1947, IRO took over from Jew's from Central Europe will always gratefully narrates, in fact, the gradual solution of a UNRRA. At that time, about 720,000 DPs remember that they owe their lives to the generous problem which has been standing in the fore­ and refugees, a quarter of them Jewish, lived immigration policy of the United Kingdom before ground since the end of hostilities. At that in Assembly Centres. Altogether the number war broke out. The post-war policy is determined time, about eight million foreign people were of persons coming under IRO's care amounted by economic rather than by humanitarian principles. found in Germany, Austria and Italy. It is to 1,300,000. Two years later, on 30th June, This is, inter alia, indicated by the fact that of a one of the ironies of history that the totali­ 1949, it had decreased to about 590,000, total of 365,000 post-war immigrants, only 5,600 tarian states, which had expelled hundreds whereas about 600,000 men, women and came over under the so-called Distressed Relatives of thousands of their own citizens, became, children had, with IRO's help, been resettled Scheme. Difiiculties sometimes experienced by the after the war, the largest reservoirs of AJR arise for survivors of the Concentration Camps in other countries (540,000) or repatriated who are anxious to leave the Continent and to join refugees and displaced persons. Amongst (60,000). their relatives in this country, if they are not old those homeless men, women and children Altogether, 85 countries accepted DPs or enough to be covered by the Distressed Relatives were prisoners of war, forced labourers and refugees. Amongst them, Israel has the Scheme, and if their admission as employees is ham­ survivors of the extermination camps. Most largest share. It was the destination of about pered by their vocational background. of them came from Eastern European coun­ 120,000 out of the 540,000 resettled DPs. There is no general solution for these " hard core " tries. The majority, about seven millions, The bulk of them (105,000) emigrated be­ cases. One can only hope that the tradition of the returned home as soon as this became possible. tween 1st July, 1948, and 30th June, 1949, United Kingdom as a country of asylum, recalled by •One million, however, felt for one reason or i.e., after the estabUshment of the Jewish the Under-Secretary in the course of his Statement, another, unable to " go home." At the State. According to the Report, it is expected will be extended to them beginning, they became the responsibility of that an additional 20,000 Jewish refugees RIGHTS AND DUTIES UNRRA, but as UNRRA was due to wind will be settled in Israel during the fiscal year T has always been one of the objects of the AJR up on 1st July, 1947, the United Nations 1949-50. I to watch the interests of Jewish Nazi victims in set up a special Committee in April, 1946, questions of restitution. As soon as the political which was to draft a constitution for an Other countries of reception were, in the situation permitted, contacts were established with International Refugee Organisation (IRO). first fiscal year, mainly European countries, the appropriate quarters and proposals for legislation such as the United Kingdom, Belgium, Everybody who, in those spring days of France and the Netherlands, whereas the submitted. As early as March, 1947, when the dis­ 1946, attended the Committee sessions in cussions on restitution laws were still in an initial second year brought a striking shift of stage, the AJR set up a special Restitution Depart­ Church House, London, will have felt a deep emphasis towards overseas resettlements, ment, which obtained official recognition by the sense of frustration. Whilst human beings because then, apart from Israel, Australia Foreign Office. This department, solely adminis­ were in urgent need of constructive help, the and the United States started to take vast tered and financed by the AJR, became the nucleus Committee indulged in eridless debates on numbers of DPs. of the International " United Restitution Office " points of order, questions of precedence and Continued on Page 2 (URO), whose Headquarters and London office are formulations of paragraphs. The deeper closely linked up with the AJR. reason for these debates was, however, a Gradually, due to the initiative and the efforts of fundamental difference of principles. It was Very Important the AJR and the " United Restitution Office," legis­ the difference between East and West.* The lation has made headway. There are now laws on Eastern countries were anxious to restrict restitution of identifiable property for all three the categories of people who should enjoy Western Zones and for Western Berlin, and an IRO'S protection. Most DPs, they argued, Xne Xime Limit Indemniiication Law (Entschaedigungsgesetz) for could return to their countries of origin, for fihng claims for restitution of the American Zone. 'Leaving aside the special which were in urgent need of workers. Those identifiable property in the position of Soviet-controlled Germany, legislation who did not want to return, they maintained, —at least in its main outlines—will have been com­ British Zone of Germany might have special reasons for their attitude, expires on pleted with Indemnification Laws also for the British they were mainly Fascists or collaborators. and French Zones and for Western Berlin. The Western countries, on the other hand, 31st DecemW, 1949 The ultimate materialisation of the claims de­ held the view that lack of sympathy with the pends, of course, not on legislation alone. There are new Eastern regimes was not necessarily many questions which will have to be tackled by Forms which have to he sent in TrifUcat' interpretation of the laws and by decisions of the identical with Fascist or pro-Fascist trends. to the " Zentralamt fuer Vermoegens-uer- ivaltung"BadNenndorJ, Land Niedersachsen, Courts, and there is, finally, the practical one of With regard to the Jewish DPs, East and West agreed that the Jews could not be British Zone, are available at the " United transfer. AU.these circumstances make it imperative Restitution Office " for every claimant to take a realistic view. This expected to return to countries where they should, however, not discourage him, to fight for his had lost their nearest ones and where they Please, inform your friends, especially rights. Everybody who forfeits his claim, does not themselves had suffered persecution and old people or youngsters, who are heirs only harm to himself, but sanctions the wrongs humiliation under the Nazis. This concep­ of property that may be claimed. Claims inflicted upon the Jews by the Nazis and limits the tion was, however, of limited practical value not lodged by 31st December, 1949, will practical value of the laws promulgated in the in those days, because the immigration be forfeited interest of the persecutees. restrictions for Palestine were still in force. Page 2 AJR INFORMATION December, 1949 In ParUament RESTITUTION NEWS BRITAIIS'S IMMIGRATION POLICY American Indemnification Law According to the American Indemnification Law, On November 4, the Under-Secretary of State, Under the so-caUed " European Volunteer the " Laender " in the American Zone are Uable for Mr. Younger, outlined the present immigration Workers Scheme " 83,000 workers and 3,500 depen­ " indemnification " (Entschaedigung) in money for policy of the Home Office. dants came over between October 1946 and August certain types of damages suffered under the Nazis He stated that the number of aliens who were 1949. (see September issue of " AJR Information "). The aUowed to land in the United Kingdom in 1948—the Furthermore, 90,500 ahens were admitted for " Laender " have now set up offices with which vast majority of whom were here for short periods work under Ministry of Labour permits between May claims have to be lodged and which are also issuing —was 657 661. There were only just over 2,000 1946 and August 1949. Generally speaking, they the necessary forms. refusals. The Home Office had to be rather re­ can only take jobs for which it is not easy to find strictive in tne admission of visitors from countries employees already here. It is expected that about The addresses of the offices are as follows : behind the Iron Curtain, because it has been 10% of the total will become permanently resident Bavaria: Bayerisches Landesamt fuer Wiedergut­ experienced that they were either unable or reluctant in this country. machung, Arcis Strasse 11, Muenchen 2; Hesse: to go back. Hessisches Staatsministerium, Der Minister des The Under-Secretary of State also mentioned that Innern, Abteilung Wiedergutmachung, Wilhelm­ There is no absolute bar for a holder of a visitor's new aliens for permanent residence have been taken strasse 24, Wiesbaden; Wuerttemberg: Landes- visa to his applying and, in proper cases, being from the Polish Army and their dependants, bezirksstelle fuer Wiedergutmachung, Gerokstrasse granted leave to stay on. There are, inter alia, a amounting to 150,000, and that 15,000 former 37, Stuttgart; Badenia: Landesbezirksstelle fuer number ol cases of people coming as genuine visitors German prisoners of war and 8,000 former Ukrainian Wiedergutmachung, Beethovenstrasse 11, Karls­ who, in fact, \vithout having come specially for this prisoners of war have been accepted. ruhe; Bremen: Amt fuer Wiedergutmachung, purpose, get the offer of a job and then ask to be During the last four years, about 275,000 aliens Polizeihaus, Bremen. Claimants have to contact aUowed to stay. If the offer is of a kind which would have been admitted for permanent residence, and an the office of the " Land " of their last place of resi­ enable them to get a permit had they appUed from additional 90,000 have come under the Ministry of dence. .Asking for forms, they should enclose abroad, there is, generally speaking, no difficulty in Labour Scheme. International Reply Coupons. aUowing them to convert their visit into a stay. " There have been," Mr. Younger concluded, In view of the fact that the claims have to be Under the " Distressed Relatives Scheme " about " odd incidents, odd symptoms of friction, usually lodged by April 1st, 1950, the necessary steps should 5,600 persons have been admitted. " As we cannot of a purely local character, but, generally speaking, be taken without delay. Particulars about the kind accept all persons in distress," Mr. Younger said, I think there is no serious ground for complaint of of claims covered by the American Indemnification " we had to stick with a certain amount of firmness too great a flow of immigration." Law were given in the September issue of " AJR to the categories laid down under the scheme." On a further question he stressed that it is still the Information." Further information may be ob­ Sympathetic consideration is, however, given to practice not to send back poUtical refugees to coun­ tained from the " United Restitution Office." It is exceptional cases outside the scheme, if the only tries where they would be in danger of persecution. stressed that, so far, there exists only an Indemnifi­ relations of the person are living in this country. cation Law (Entschaedigungsgesetz) in the .•Vmerican In addition, 1,000 persecutees from Czechoslovakia Zone, whereas corresponding legislation for the and 6,000 aliens who married British nationals were VISITS FROM GERMANY British and French Zones and for the Western admitted. According to a statement by Mr. Bevin on Sectors of Berlin has not yet been promulgated. October 26, since 1945 about 5,000 Germans have Continued from front page been brought under official auspices to this country from the Western zones and BerUn for educational " Unconfiscated " Property Taking the two years under review as an visits. During the same period 426 women. 111 men entity, tbe distribution amongst the main According to the 11th Implementary Order to the and 44 children have come for an indefinite stay on " Reichsbuergergesetz," the pr6perty of emigrated countries of resettlement is as follows : compassionate grounds. 17,000 Germans visited Jews was confiscated. There are, however, cases in Israel, 121,861 ; United Kingdom, 82,282 ; this country for periods of less than six months, since which the confiscation of a real estate was never United States, 68,677 ; Canada, 66,256 ; the scheme for visits was introduced in 1948. entered into the " Grundbuch," so that the original Austraha, .54,079. Another 35,031 had been Jewish owner still appears as the proprietor. Ac­ resettled in France, 26,968 in Argentina, GERMAN NEWSPAPERS cording to an order issued by the Military Govern­ In answer to a question by Mr. Skeffington-Lodge, ment and published by the Minister of the Interior 22,054 in Belgium, 19,865 in Brazil and Mr. Mayhew stated that now, after the German for Northrhine-Westphalia, in such cases the "Grund­ 12,101 in Venezuela. Federal Government has been established, it is the buch " is to be considered as being incorrect, and the Amongst the 690,000 whose fate is still policy of the Western Allies to relinquish their real estate has to be claimed by the original owner as powers of control in regard to Press matters, and property to be restituted. imdecided is a " hard core " of about 170,000. that it is for the German Government to take Their resettlement is the thorniest problem. measures designed to prevent undemocratic influ­ Readers whose real estates or bank accounts in the ences. British Zone and also in Western Berlin still stand in As far as they are Jews, the Government of their own name are therefore advised to file also Israel, in an agreement with IRO, has de­ In a supplementary question Mr. Skeffington- these assets as restitution claims with the " Zentra­ clared its willingness to accept them. A Lodge asked, whether the Minister would not look at lamt fuer Vermoegensverwaltung " in Bad Nenn­ grant of 2| million dollars will be paid by this most serious matter again, especiaUy as there dorf resp. the " Treuhaender der Amerikanischen, was " a raging, tearing, anti-British campaign going Britischen und Franzoesischen Militaerregierung IRO to the Israel Government for providing on in Western Germany under the direction of fuer zwangsuebertragene Vermoegen," BerUn W 30, permanent care of aged, sick and handicapped editors of the new papers which are springing up, Nuernbergerstrasse 53/55. Jewish refugees. The General Council of many of them former Nazis." Mr. Mayhew denied that there were reasons for the Foreign Office to IRO expressed its appreciation of Israel's intervene at the present time. generous contribution to the solution of the Resolution of German Catholics The " Deutsche Katholikentag 1949 " in Bochum " hard core " problem. Readers of this passed a resolution in which it asks for a speedy pro­ D.P s AND IRO paper will be interested to learn that the cedure in the settlement of restitution claims and the According to Mr. Mayhew, there wiU, undoubtedly, unification of restitution legislation for the whole main spokesman of the Israel Government be at least 100,000 D.P.'s who wiU have to remain in German " Bund." in this matter was Mr. S. Adler-Rudel, a Germany. After IRO has been wound up on June 30 former Vice-Ch&irman of the AJR. 1950, they will be the responsibiUty of the German authorities with the protection of the Occupying The present number of Jewish DPs in the Powers. WAR CRIMES whole of Germany is, according to Mr. On October 28, Mr. ShinweU stated that 937 Harry Greenstein, special adviser on Jewish NATURALISATION OF WAR PRISONERS persons have been tried on war crimes charges by . The Home Secretary, Mr. Ede, stated that pris­ British Military Courts in the British zone of affairs to the United States Zone, 45,000, of Germany. 677 of them have been convicted, 230 whom 20,000 will emigrate. oners of war are eligible for naturaUsation after five years' residence. This period begins to run from the being sentenced to death. 174 death sentences have The history of the refugee problem is a date of their attaining civiUan status. been carried out. history of human misery. In a world which is still fidl of tensions, it would be unrealistic ANTI-JEWISH ASSAULTS OCCUPATION STATUTE to cissume that the resettlement of the The Home Secretary, Mr. Ede, stated that out of Amongst the matters in which, on the strength of 690,000 DPs still left in Germany will be a total of 866 violent assaults in the Metropolitan the Occupation Statute, the Occupying Powers have the last chapter of the story. On the other police district during the 12 months ended October 8, the right to request and to verify information, are, 55 were made upon people believed to be Jews. according to Mr. Mayhew, the following items: hand, it is gratifying to see that, by joint Arrests were made in 33 of these cases. Nine of the Non-discrimination in trade matters, foreign in­ efforts of the nations who subscribed to the persons proved guilty were under 21 years of age. terests in Germany and, claims against Germany, International Refugee Organisation or who The Home Secretary said that he was gravely con­ displaced persons. Furthermore, a general clause accepted homeless people, for hundreds of cerned about these assaults and gave the assurance gives the right to take action in unreserved that the police were very active in trying to ascertain fields, if the Occupying Powers consider that this thousands the journey has been brought to not merely the people who commit assaults, but is essential to security or to preserve democratic an end. W. R. people who may have incited their committal. government in Germany. AJR INFORMATION December, 1949 Pa^e 3 JEWISH LIFE IN NORWAY ANGLO-JUDAICA London Spealcs Hebrew The shadows which Mr. Beyjn's policy had cast Norwegian Jewry, though one of the youngest and small way in the political and cultural Ufe of the over the life of British Jewry are passing, and it smallest communities in Europe, is trying hard to country. Although Norway was free from anti­ seems that the secure estabUshment of the Jewish rebuild its organisational life. The war and Nazi semitism, there was one problem which worried the State has served not only to improve the relations occupation, when more than 1,000 Norwegian Jews community, and which is not solved even to this between Britain and Israel but also to raise the were murdered, practically destroyed the com­ day. When, in 1941, the Agrarian Party formed the status of the Jews in Britain. The impressive in­ munity. After the liberation, 500 Jews returned to Government, they banned shechita, and Jews auguration of Hebrew broadcasts from London had Norway. Another 500 D.P.s who, it is hoped, will could obtain kosher meat from the neighbouring significance in that it reaffirmed the three centuries soon be naturalised, have now added their strength Scandinavian countries only. The war, of course, old association of England with the People of the to Jewish acti\-ities there. completely stopped these imports, which have not Book. No listener can have been unmoved when The history of Norwegian Je\vry dates back to been resumed even now. the Director-General of the B.B.C. on that occasion 1851 when, for the first time, Jews were permitted At the beginning of the Nazi occupation, Nor­ quoted the words of Isaiah : " Nation shall speak to immigrate into the country, due to the endeavours wegian Jews were treated on an equal footing with peace unto nation." British Jews especiaUy, said of Henry Wergelands, the writer and fighter for the the rest of the population, but gradually anti­ the Jewish Chronicle, will " derive immense satis­ oppressed. semitic propaganda was intensified and the Jews, faction from this strengthening of links between The first Jewish immigrants were Jews from who in 1941 were sent to a camp outside Oslo, were Britain and their brethren in Israel," though the Russia, who had fled from the Czarist pogroms and those born in Russia. .In 1942, the persecution of Zionist Review, more sceptical, suggested that who settled in Oslo. More Jews from Eastern the Jews began in full measure. They were arrested judgment be reserved. Europe arrived during the first world war and the all over the country, accused of espionage and community, which between the two wars numbered executed, among them the Rabbi of Oslo, Mr. Julius An increase in ,\nglo-Jewry's status after Israel's 1,400, flourished and prospered and received new Samuel. .\ considerable proportion of Norwegian triumph also, became apparent on the Jewish blood from im.migrants from Germany and Austria Jews, however, escaped, aided by the Resistance Remembrance Day when 12,000 old soldiers after Hitler's access to power. Movement, and many of them found their way to marched past the most famous of Britain's com­ The majority of Nom-egian Jews were business­ Sweden, U.S.A. and England, where they joined the manders, Field-Marshal Montgomery, and fair men, doctors, dentists, who onlj' participated in a Free Norwegian Forces. words were spoken of Israel by Mr. Anthony Eden, who was not always conspicuous for Zionist Only a few of them, after they returned to Norway, sympathies. It was gratifying to hear the Con­ found their families alive, nor could they recover servative leader denounce the " despicable " be­ Resounding Cnanukah their former property. Conditions immediately haviour of " those who try to stop the march of Throughout many centuries Chanukah has been after the liberation were indeed difficult, as the progress by spreading racial strife," and the the festival of remembrance. In the midst of the Nazis and Quislings had left a legacy of anti-semi­ Attorney General, Sir Hartley Shawcross, who has story of the sufierings of the Jews, one was happy tism, which only gradually disappeared. Both the addressed many Jewish meetings before, made the that there was a Ught kindled, when Judas Macca­ Government and the intellectuals helped the Jews more specific point that " the Jews are an integral beus (Maccabi means the. man who hammers) in their restitution. The activities of the com­ and valued part of the single community of the freed the Jews from the hands of the Syrians. munity were slowly resumed and their first task was British people." GraduaUy, the meaning of the festival was broad­ the re-introduction of religious services. The com­ ened and from the intimate family circle it found munity was allowed to levy taxes of 3% of he its way into the synagogue. income tax and synagogues, children's homes, old- Are We Too Sensitive ? Two ritual factors are characteristic of this age homes and other institutions have since been Another member of the Government, Lord festival. The Menorah, symbolising the re-conse­ re-opened. Dr. Aronzen has been appointed Chief Palfenham, speaking at a meeting of the Hampstead cration of the Temple which the Maccabeans, as Rabbi. It was a noteworthy day when, for the first Council of Christians and Jews, had a few notable their sacred duty, freed from all sacrilege ; and that time in the history of Norwegian Jewry, Crown home truths for our people. Himself a Roman song which has, no doubt, gained the greatest Prince Olaf attended services in a synagogue. CathoUc, he felt that Catholics had a good deal to popularity amongst world Jewry—" Moaus Zur," A further proof of the pro-Jewish sentiments of learn from Jews since Jews were far more active in though it is not the only song, and, especially in the Government was given when, in 1947, it invited Enghsh public life. But there was one thing, he Chassidic circles, there was a great number of 500 Jewish displaced persons to settle in Norway. thought, which Catholics could teach the Jews, and merry Chanukah tunes, which were sung on Chanu­ They were granted permission to work and received that was " not to be so sensitive." The Jews, his kah Shabbat. the promise to acquire Norwegian citizenship after Lordship said, were inclined sometimes to imagine " Moaus Zur," which has become a Jewish folk five years. At first only a few Jews accepted the insults where none were intended. If it was not song, has only been known for som§ centuries. Its invitation, as the majority of the inmates of the always as clear as it should be that British Jews origin has to be dated back to two motifs of folk D.P. Camps desired to immigrate to Israel, but then were regarded as a valuable element of the com­ songs wbich were widely known in the Middle Ages. more and more replied, and in the end the immigra­ munity, then, according to Lord Pakenham, one The first motif is identical with fiie old German tion quota had to be raised. Today, this recent hindrance was their own unfounded fear that they folk song, " So weiss ich eins, was mich erfreut, addition to Norwegian Jewry is fully integrated into were misunderstood. Of course the Minister das plunJein auf preiter Heyde." The second motif, the economic life of the country, as most of them reaUsed that the comparison with the Catholics hailing from the early Middle Ages, is more of a are skilled workers. Their accommodation is not might not be strictly relevant ; happily. Catholics battle song. There are stUl other tunes which have quite satisfactory yet, as the lack of housing has left have been spared the sufferings of Jews. a striking similarity with the melody of Moaus Zur, many of them in temporary camps, but it is hoped StiU, many of our people would do no wrong in but they are somehow interlinked with other motifs. , that homes will be ready for them in the near future. developing a slightly thicker skin, or perhaps merely The words of " Moaus Zur " go back, according (SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT.) a sense of proportion. One of the foremost younger to historical research, to the 13th century and, rabbis, the Rev. I. Levy, severely criticised those according to .\krostichom, to Mordechai Ben Isaac, alarmists who fear Anglo-J ewry might be going the a poet of synagogue songs. The tune seems to have FROM ALL CORNERS way of German Jewry. He particularly challenged already been popular around 1450 among the Jews. those who " talk nonsense " about a " liquidation It obtained its popularity, no doubt, through the of the Galut." vivid rhythm which has none of the elegy so often United States No doubt Anglo-J ewry is not in a state of liqui­ found in Jewish melodies ; it is a tune only in the Mr. Nathan Klein, an American-Jewish business­ dation. So long as the nation's prosperity is kept in major key, a tune of joyfulness. It has been man, has offered to cover the 5,000 dollar deficit of a tolerable balance, anti-semitic slogans have little preserved through struggle and distress, wanderings the Jefferson Military College at Natchez, Mississipi, prospect of success. Charges alleging pro-Fascist and rest, and it forms a valuable supplement to the which refused to accept land allegedly worth sympathies of the poUce have not been sustained, anteceding Blessings, which are also sung in the 50,000,000 doUar from Judge George Armstrong, but keen disappointment was caused when, in reply major key, when kindhng the lights of the Menorah 83 year old Texas millionaire. to protests from the Board of Deputies, the L.C.C. and praising the Lord for " the miracles of those Judge Armstrong had made his gift conditional on decided to continue letting their schools for Mosley days in these times." And to-day, the miracle has the College agreeing to '' teach and disseminate . . . meetings. repeated itself. Israel is reborn and celebrates the true principles of Jeffersonian democracy and Chanukah as a joyful festival of liberation, not only the Constitution, Christianity and superiority of the in the synagogues, but in the whole country, in Anglo-Saxon and Latin-American races." Living on tlie Overdraft streets and squares, as a happy community. It has been pointed out that British Jewry differs • Besides the weU-known Chanukah song, we know Poland notably, and much to its advantage, from German yet another tune, which the Venetian composer of Nineteen Jewish schools and 35 kindergartens Jewry. Intermarriage is as yet inconsiderable, and psalms, Benedetto MarceUo, in the 17th century, have been taken over by the State authorities. the percentage of Jews who keep kashrut is greater discovered. He put down the music of " Moaus In Stettin workers of a large clothing factory have in England than anywhere else. In other respects Zur," faithful to the original Hebrew, from right " adopted " the Jewish Peretz School and decided the record is less unexceptionable. The financial to left. to give half a day's wages as a contribution to its deficits of its great institutions seem in a fair way The whole original merriment comes from those upkeep. They declared that by this action they of becoming a permanent feature of Anglo-Jewish songs which the Chassidim used to sing on Shabbat wanted to demonstrate that there exists no racial life. The Board of Deputies has an annual expendi­ Chanukah. " Semer noeh I'schabbos-chanukah," discrimination or anti-Semitism in Poland. ture of /26,000 and disposes at present of no more quite in contrast to the usual elegy, fuU of joy and than £17,000 ; the .\nglo-Jewish Association re­ festivity. Jugoslavia quires £8,000 ; Jews' College is again short of This is our way of celebrating Chanukah, a About 60% of the 11,500 Jews from Jugoslavia £1,500, and the London Board of Jewish ReUgious festival which the Jewish people have kept through­ are now in Israel, and in December another ship will Education must have another £1,580. To be fair out thousands of vears. bring some 1,500 Jews to the Holy Land. With this and frank, most of us are now living on an over-' MAGNUS DAVIDSOHN migration there will be less than 4,000 left. draft—and so far don't seem to be the worse for it. Page 4 AJR INFORMATION December, 1949

hand, supersedes all previous monographs about this 'subject, his own " Einfuhrung " included, and, on NEW BOOKS the other was to become the masterpiece of his publications. Whereas Helen Rosenau's book is KOESTLER'S FAREWELL TO ZIONISM " The Old Testament, taken as a practical guide admirable, in the first instance, for the amount of Arthur Koestler, in his latest book, " Promise and to 20th century politics, is a more pernicious valuable, reliable information she was able to furnish Fulfilment " (Macmillan & Co., 12/6), comes to the influence than Hitler's Mein Kampf," he writes. in a comparably small book. Professor Landsberger's conclusion that the " Englishman of Jewish faith " This only shows that he has been no less far from " History of Jewish Art " is almost encyclopaedic, is a contradiction in terms. The Jewish religion, he Jewish ethics than those whose acts of terror he lavishly illustrated (209 well chosen pictures), and says, can either be accepted or rejected in toto and declares " morally justified." He jibes at the yet his intimate, conversational approach to the its major part is national history and implies " hypocrisies of Haganah," the " rantings of Ben theme keeps the reader's attention from cover to membership of a Jewish nation. The establishment Gurion "—only Menachem Beigin stands up to his cover (340 pages, and biography, notes, a good of the State of Israel has, according to Koestler, critical pen and is lauded for his " quixotic chivalry." index). made an anachronism the attitude of those Jews who It is no coincidence that he likes in Jabotinsky The Jewisl;! religion, a way of life rather than a are not wiUing to go there and stiU separate them­ most his leanings towards western culture; that he theological system, inspired Professor Landsberger selves from their co-citizens by their Jewish religious advocates the Latinisation of the Hebrew alphabet to his method: he relates the objects of Jewish Art rituals. The Galuth has ceased to exist—what and that the knocking out of tanks with home-made to the Jewish year, to temple and family, lets them remains is a kind of voluntary exile which every Jew explosives is, for him, the " test which decides pass in review before us from bjrth to grave. He individually can end. whether a nation shall live or die." There can be no duly mentions the second commandment as a He foUows that the Jewish religion outside Israel heart-rending farewell from Zionism for Koestler, as restrictive force, which both Christian and Moham- could only survive if it would be severed from all his relation with Judaism was merely incidental and medal Art inherited at first, and the difficult national links, and this, in the words of Koestler, not one of an innermost necessity. development during the Middle Ages through the organisation in guilds, but both obstacles were over­ would deprive it of its contents. .'Vfter having been HERBERT FREEDEN a supporter of the Zionist movement for a quarter come. Time marched on from the days of pious of a century, Koestler now feels, with Israel firmly Rahel, who, nevertheless, stole her father's established, that he is at last free to do what he teraphim, believing in their magic power, to the age could not do before: to wish it good luck and go his of the prophets who not only fought for monotheism own way, with the nation whose life and culture he A HISTORY OF JEWISH ART as such, but had to contend with the people's belief shares, without " reservations or split loyalties." My review of Helen Rosenau's unpretentious, but in the magic power of idols. This confession, made by somebody who has made rewarding outline of Jewish Art in our May-issue After the Renaissance and Emancipation periods. himself, for some years now, the intellectual mouth­ revived a correspondence with Professor Franz Professor Landsberger seems to label more gener­ piece of terrorist groups in the Yishuv, comes some­ Landsberger, Curator of the Hebrew Union CoUege ously than most historians do artists as " Jewish " what as a surprise—but only for the first moment. Museum in Cincinnati. He wondered whether on account of their origin, and yet he is right, as far For the fight for Israel was, for Koestler, only I knew his more recent " History of Jewish Art " as the problem of Jewish " Art " is concerned; since another Spain—and should tomorrow Greece which his pubUshers, The Union of American Hebrew the days of the Bible there were both a conservative become the scene oi a historic world struggle between Congregations (Cincinnati) were kind enough to send and a progressive force formative factors: some­ East and West, he would turn himself into the me in the meantime. times Jewish Art succumbed to its surroundings— Byron of a new war for freedom. Koestler does not Franz Landsberger, Professor of History of Art at but always it found its way back to its sources. The identify himself with the struggling parties—to him Breslau University until 1933, whose book " Kunst highest accomplishments were attained by Jewish it is not decisive who fights, but the principle which der Goethezeit " (Insel-Verlag) is unforgotten, and Art when an equilibrium existed between the pro­ is being fought for, and which just happens to suit later Director of the Jewish Museum in Berlin, was gressive and the conservative element, between the his philosophy. called upon to write this book, which, on the one reception of alien ideas and the awareness of our Jewish heritage. LAW and LIFE LUTZ WELTMANN PERSONALIA Legal Advice Hours [for persons with limited means only): Wednesday 5-6.30 p.m., Sunday 11 a.m.-12.30 p.m. Major Abraham S. Hyman, assistant to Mr. Harry Greenstein, retiring adviser on Jewish affairs MATRIMONIAL MAINTENANCE money. Not only her actual income, but her earning to the American High Commissioner in Germany, II capacity counts, and if the wife wilfully avoids an will succeed to.the post of adviser. income or tries to keep it small, the Court assesses As already pointed out in last month's edition, the Dr. S. E. Shinnar (who recently Hebraised his High Court of Justice has the power to make a higher from her education, age, ability and health what income she would be able to earn if she made a proper name, formerly Schnebalg) has artived in London maintenance order than the Police Court, provided to assume his office as economic counsellor to the that matrimonial litigation is pending in this Court. effort. This estimated sum is added to the hus­ band's income in order to ascertain the " joint Israel -Legation. Dr. Shinnar came in 1933 to The procedure before the High Court is as follows: Palestine from Germany. A Petition must have been filed either for nullity or income." The same will, of course, apply to the dissolution of marriage or for restitution of conjugal husband. The usual award for the wife is a third of Professor Albert Reimann, the founder and rights or judicial separation. Then the rule is that • the joint income. For example—the husband earns former principal of the famous " Reimann Schule " the guilty husband has to maintain his innocent £700 a year, and the wife earns, or is capable of in Berlin, recently celebrated his 75th birthday. wife, but there are exceptions to this rule, the most earning, £200 a year; the joint income will be £900, His institute, established in 1902—well known in important being that a Petition on the grounds of and the wife is entitled to a third, namely £300; she wider circles through the " Reimann-Baelle "—was insanity has been filed. The person of unsound mind, is only earning £200 therefore the husband has to one of the leading art schools in Germany. It owed of course, cannot be regarded as guilty, and the give her £100 in order to make her income up to its reputation to its pioneer work in many fields of other party, whether it is husband or wife, can be one-third of the joint income. arts and crafts. The AJR is proud to count Pro­ ordered to maintain the insane party. A further This is not a hard and fast rule but, as previously fessor Reimann amongst its Board Members and exception, rarely made use of, is the award of main­ mentioned, other facts are regarded as important, appreciates the active interest he has always taken tenance to a guilty wife on compassionate grounds, for instance the capital of either party, the necessary in its work. The Executive conveys to him on this and there must be very good reasons to make such expenses in order to maintain an income, tax duties, happy occasion its most cordial felicitations. an award and the granting of the maintenance order etc. Mr. Arthur Abrahamsohn recently celebrated and the amount rests absolutely with the discretion As explained before, the duty to maintain arises of the Court. Another variation from the rule, his 70th birthday. Before he immigrated to this for the husband whilst the matrimonial proceedings country, he was the President of the Jewish Com­ although only temporary, is most frequent, namely are pending, and as at that time the matrimonial that, while litigation is pending, a husband has to munity, Stettin. The AJR, whose faithful friend he offence is not yet proved the award is smaller at that has been for a great number of years, extends to him maintain his wife, the reason being that until the stage than after judgment. Prima facie at that litigation is completed and the case decided it cannot its heartiest congratulations and wishes him health time the wife is entitled to one-fifth and not, as later and happiness for many years to come. be established which party is guilty of a matrimonial on, one-third, for the joint income. offence and until this decision has been made the husband has the duty to provide for his wife: The usual order is either made for the lifetime of either party or, a more frequent procedure now­ It is, of course, obvious that the father has always adays, " until further order." That again means Rabbi Dr. Julius Galliner (formerly BerUn) died to maintain his children, whether he is guilty of a that, as in the Police Court, either party can apply in New York 77 years old. Through his manifold matrimonial offence or not, independent of whether for a variation of the order, if circumstances have activities, especially as head of the School Depart­ he has the custody of the children or not; this duty changed. One of the most frequent changes is that ment of the " Preussische Landesverband," he took lasts until the end of the 16th year of the child and the divorced wife has remarried. In this case the a prominent part in inspiring and organising Jewish in special circumstances up to the 21st year. husband is not entitled to simply stop the aUowance educational work. The Court has to come to a decision as to the but he has to apply to the Court for a variation of the Mr. Jacques Krojanker (formerly Berlin) re­ amount which is to be awarded. For that purpose order, and in normal circumstances the Court will cently died in London after a long illness. The well- all the circumstances of both parties are taken into then say that no further maintenance will have to be being of his fellow-refugees was always near to his consideration, the most important one is the joint paid. heart, and he has shown an active interest in the income of the parties. Joint income means the The order for maintenance is enforceable in the work of the AJR since its inception. On many occa­ income of husband and wife put together. That does usual way Court orders are enforced, and persistent sions, the AJR had the privilege of benefiting from not mean that the wife, although capable of earning offenders as in the Police Court are sent to prison by his advice and sympathetic attitude. He wiU be an income, can sit back and wait for her husband's.', ;a.a High Court Judge. gratefully remembered by all those who knew him. AJR INFORMATION December, 1949 Pages

H ans asiemkka; Old Acquaintances The Eternal Crisit!—Don't be afraid that you AS PACIFIST IN THREE ARMIES might not see any pictures in your local cinema next year ! Don't bother about all this talk about It is neither my merit nor my fault but I think At the outbreak of the Second World War I lived the British film crisis ! Remember, as long as there I was born a pacifist. As a boy I never played with in Paris, and I volunteered for the French army. was a film industry, there was also a film crisis. tin soldiers and hated the sight of soldiers stamping It was pointed out to me that, as a German, I could Apd it really doesn't matter who is producing through the streets of Berlin during the First World only join the Foreign Legion but special units were pictures as long as they are produced at all. Greta War. After the first night of the, to my mind, scan­ to be formed and attached to the Foreign Legion. Garbo was discovered in the 'twenties, when the dalous picture " Fridericus," I was involved in a When we arrived in Marseilles in the famous Fort German " Trianon " went broke in Turkey. The a street brawl and questioned at the police station of the Legion we had a rather unpleasant reception. good old " Ufa " was not always in the hands of why I had insulted people who had applauded the .'Vn Adjutant Chef (Regimental Sergeant Major) Hugenberg. And have you forgotten the " Phoebus " film. shouted at us: " I wish to make it clear to you that scandal ? In 1935 London's studios in Denham At the age of 16, I came in touch with men like this is not a synagogue but a barrack of the Foreign belonged to Korda, to-day they are owned by Rank. Karl Vetter, Kurt Tucholsky, Carl v. Ossietzky and Legion, you b . . . y Bolshies!" This .\djutant If our milkman goes bankrupt, another one will even the anarchist leader Ernst Friedrich when the Chef was one of the conspirators who killed Rathe­ come round as long as we don't want to drink our "Aktionsausschuss 'Nie wieder Krieg ' " was formed. nau. His attitude was, therefore, not so much sur­ coffee black, and as long as the cows give milk. Hitler's rise to power made me change my attitude prising as the fact that he should hold such a post towards pacifism over night. I realised at once that in the army of the French RepubUc. I have met Something Went Wrong:—After his tremen­ Hitler and his henchmen could not be defeated this type everywhere in the French army. dous success in Strindberg's " Father." Fritz without war. I shared the opinion of Dr. Joachim Kortner got to know what the Bavarians think The training was hard but fair. Everyone was, about it. They didn't like the play and the pro­ Prinz that the Jews of Berlin should go on the streets of course, prepared to work hard to learn this new with the Thora Scrolls on April 1, 1933, to force the duction, because both were too gloomy. They prefer " metier," but the worst happened after the armistice their entertainment to be gay, and Kortner had to issue of anti-semitism instead of waiting for better 1940. I think it was the first time in history that times to come. The attitude of many wealthy Jews move on to another town.—Elisabeth Bergner felt volunteers were interned, put in so-called " Labour iU in Mannheim, because the critics were dis­ who displayed incredible optimism and thought that Camps " and treated like slaves. With thousands they would survive if they only kept quiet and were appointed, and told her so.—In Hamburg, the of others 1 built a railway through the Sahara. The dramatic critics appealed to the population to help prepared to accept any humiliation, nauseated me. conditions of life were shocking. We received for In this connection I remember especiaUy well an Ida Ehre, the only Jewish producer, because her interview 1 had with the co-owner of one of the our hard work four (later six) francs per day (20 theatre, the " Kammerspiele,". is on the verge of biggest department stores in Berlin. cigarettes cost 8 francs). There was not enough going broke. On the other hand, Paul Hoerbiger food, not enough water, not enough clothing; we in Vienna threatened to leave the country, because He explained to me that business was much better were infested with fleas and lice, and sanitary con­ he felt the taxes were too high. From his earnings than in the Weimar Republic, that his Works ditions were' indescribably bad. Only the spirit of of Carol Reed's " Third Man " he wanted to buy a Council kept quiet and that Hitler was only against this lost battalion was splendid. Spaniards and car, but the Austrians told him : Hoerbiger can Leftists and Bolsheviks and such writers as Lion German Jews, Free French and Poles, Britisli walk ; the Germans, however, offered him reduced Feuchtwanger, Ernst ToUer and Erich Maria seamen of the Merchant Navy and Belgians formed income-tax, if he would come to their country. Remarque; in a few years everything would be as in one great family and fought with all means against It's a crazy world on the Continent. the Kaiserrich. As far as I know he left Germany Fascist French officers and Vichy administrators. in 1938 without a penny in his pockets. I.ondon;—Alfred H. Unger went to Dusseldorf, At the end of 1942, we were liberated, not by the where Gruendgens played his adaptation of Ratti- American army, but by the Quakers. It was gan's " Winslow Boy " with tremendous success.— CULTURAL TRENDS touching to see how thosp brave men tried to make Haifa, November, 1949. Peter llling went to Austria to play a leading part good what Vichy France had done to us. Each in " The Wonder Kid," which Karl Hartl is directing In spite of financial and economic difficulties. one of us got his chance to work as a civilian for the people in Israel find time for cultural tasks. Concerts for Sir Alexander Korda.—Karel Stepanek cele­ .\merican army. I started in Casablanca as a brated his 50th birthday.—" State Secret " is really are crowded, lectures and theatrical performances worker in an army dump and was a few days later weU attended; only the Opera has not yet reached a a field-day for actors with an accent ; Paul Rilla, promoted to foreman and interpreter. But very Stepanek, Paul Demel, Gerard Heinz, Peter IlUng, satisfactory level and is consequently less patronised. soon I was transferred to a more important job with Great interest is shown in exhibitions of modern art, Poblmann, Leo Bieber, Nelly Arno, Lilly Molnar, sculpture and painting, contrary to the public's a U.S. army unit. This was the first time in my and Marianne Kupfer are in it.—Lothar Mendes attitude in former times. life that I came in touch with a Citizens' .\rmy. helped to direct " My Daughter Joy " for Korda.— It was interesting and very often not without its Hans May got an invitation to do a picture in The figure of monthly allocations of paper to humorous side, to see the relationship between Hollywood, but will stay here for the production dailies allow an estimate of the average daily circula­ officers and men. During training hours the service of two new operettas he wrote.—Mischa Spolianski tion. There are at present 10 morning papers and was strenuous and the discipline severe; but after went on a visit to Hollywood with Marcel Hellman 3 evening papers, of the former 7 in Hebrew, 2 in duty there was no difference in ranks. to prepare a musical picture.—Anton Walbrook German, and 1 in English (without taking into account went for a visit to Germany. the French Jerusalem daily, the Polish, Hungarian, At the end of 1943 when I had recovered my and Roumanian papers with small circulation, and health I decided to join the British .\rmy. Switzerland!—Maria Fein, Rudolf Forster, and also the Jaffa Arabian daUy). The daily circula­ For a period of five years 1 was able to study the Leopold Biberti scored a success in " Totentanz."— tion of the above mentioned 13 papers is about principles of British soldiership. From the beginning Heinz Hilpert will come from Konstanz to Zurich 203,500. Of this about one-third goes to indepen­ I was impressed by the fairness and just treatment; to direct " A Streetcar named Desire " with Maria dent Hebrew papers, about 1% to the independent the Sergeant was not, as in the French army, a Becker. Palestine Post," about 18% to moderate workers' dictator on his own, the Captain was not God-like. U.S.A.!—Rolf Gerard, son of once famous singer papers " Davar " and " Hador," about 6% to The soldier got his right, the procedure of military Mafalda Salvatini, is doing the decors for " Caesar General Zionists' " Haboker," 12% to the progres­ punishment was fair, unbiassed and all possible pre­ and Cleopatra " with Lilli Palmer in the lead.— sive " Haaretz," 8% to the left Socialist "Al Ham- cautions were taken against abuse of power. Fern Andra left for Europe.—Curt Bois played ishmar," 7 J% to German language papers, and about I was often asked whether I had observed any " Charley's Aunt," with Manfred Fuerst, Martin 3% each to the extreme right " Heruth " and the Fascist or anti-Semitic tendencies in the British Berliner, and Margarete Hruby in the cast.—Ossip reUgious " Hazofe," whilst the Communist " Ko! army. I can say, without hesitation, that during Dymow finished a new play " Episode."—Heinz Ha'am " is only read by about 2%, of the daily aU those five years I never met an anti-Semitic or Pol became correspondent of " Frankfurter Rund­ readers. Fascist officer or soldier. Of course, in the units of schau."—Ernst Jaeger-Ejott is planing an indepen­ In addition, there is a number of widespread week­ • the Pioneer Corps which were formed in North Africa dent production ; he was formerly editor of lies of general, economic, and scientific contents, and mainly made up of foreigners, this was not Berlin's " Film-Kurier." — Reinhold Schuenzel partly well illustrated. Foreign papers and maga­ astonishing. In my company (302 Pioneer Com­ scored a personal success in Lilian Hellman's zines, mainly English, American, Swiss, and Russian, pany) were representatives of 43 nations. The Com­ " Montserrat " on Broadway.—Kurt WeiU's new are in large demand, and the unsatisfactory position manding Officer, Major Crester (who was a Lance- musical " Lost in the Stars " got a tremendous with regard to foreign currency available often has Corporal in the First World War) was like a father reception in New York.—Gottfried Reinhardt the effect that the demand cannot be satisfied. The to us, and there was never a complaint of any kind. returned from a visit to Germany and .Austria, and same concerns the restricted import of new books, Later on, in England, Belgium and Germany, I was hopes to get Leopoldskron back.—WiUiam Dieterle much to the regret of the multiUngual public. with British units. Only after the assassination of returned from Italy to finish " September," so did In this connection the growing interest in archaeo­ two British Sergeants in Palestine I noticed a certain Robert Siodmak to do the studio shots for " De­ logy may be mentioned. The Israel government momentary flaring up of aversion. I remember very ported."—Leopoldine Konstantin, Crayon, Walter promotes excavations, and the conservation of newly well the day when I went to my mess that a few Mehring, Robert Gilbert, Armin Berg, and Hans discovered sites and excavated finds. With build­ Sergeant Majors discussed this sad and shocking Kolischer starred when Kurt Robitschek celebrated ings being erected and roads laid out in districts the 25th anniversary of his " Kabarett der Komi­ incident, but the president of the mess brought the ker " in New York's " Carnegie Hall." where formerly no systematic archaeological work discussion to an end as soon as I entered, and later had been done, e.g. north and south of Tel-Aviv, on he even came to apologise to me. various important finds have been made, dating back Obituaries :—Balder Olden, brother of Rudolf Olden, died, aged 67, in Montevideo after' a long as far as the Hysjcos and the Philistine times. As Through ray experience in three armies I was not neither the Jerusalem Rockefeller archaeological illness.—In London died Bertha Geismar, secretary too much surprised at the brilliant achievements of 'of Furtwaengler and Berlin's " Philharmonic museum is at present accessible, nor the Scopus the Israel Forces. Everywhere 1 met Jewish lads collection of the Hebrew University, the finds are Orchestra."—Old-time star of the silent pictures, who had been as good soldiers as anyone else. Of Olaf Foennss, died, aged 67, in Copenhagen.— collected in newly established centres. All this work course, the soldiers of Israel wjre not only brilliant finds a vigorous pubUc resonance. Karl Kraus' lifelong friend Helene M. Kann died soldiers from a purely military point of view; they in Ascona. PRAI HANS MOSBACHER were inspired by idealistic motives. Page 6 AJR INFORMATION December, 1949

himself had, for a long time, to starve so that his animals could be fed. Letter to the Editor FROM MY DIARY Sir, Israel is full of colourful personalities, and one If one, in general, accepts the mixture of fiction I read with great interest Dr. J. Jacobson's article whose " hobby " was to become an asset to Tel .\viv, and facts, which the Jewish writer Paul Tabori offers about " The Jews in Frederick's Prussia " in your has recently died—Rabbi Dr. Max Schornstein. in his latest novel, " Uneasy Giant " (Sampson Low, October issue. I made some studies on that period of His life in the last decades was devoted to one task: 12/6), one will find his book fascinating. Each word Jewish history, but as a Member of the Committee to teach the youth of Israel love and understanding spoken by Zola, Jaurfes, Romain RoUand, Anatole " Gesellschaft fuer juedische Familien-Forschung " for animals. Only in Israel could a theologist bf a France or Edouard Drumont is authentic, but they / concentrated my research on the fate of the families founder of a Zoo. To-day, at the entrance of Tel are interwoven with imaginary characters in a who were hit by the decrees quoted by Dr. Jacobson. Aviv's Zoologii:al Gardens, there is a plate bearing setting which reflects the corrupt atmosphere of the As a result, I could trace some of the Jews then living the name of Dr. Max Schornstein. France of the Dreyfus affair, and of Europe uneasily in the Netze district and published an article on their drifting towards the First World War. fate under the heading " The name Falk amongst the He was a pupil of the Rabbinical Seminary and Jews of Mdrkisch-Friedland " in the Bulletin of the University of Erlangen in Germany, where he was The picture of those years is supplemented in a chapter on the Russian pogroms in 1905 and 1906. " Gesellschaft fuer juedische Familien-Forschung." made a Doctor of Philosophy, and his first office as A reprint of this article is obtainable for those of your Rabbi was in Copenhagen. From there he came to Here the author based his material on a publication by his father, Cornelius Tabori, who wrote a book in readers who, owing to their own family connections, Dresden. Immediately after Hitler's accession to might be interested in it. power, he left Germany'for Eretz Israel. There was 1908 aftera journey to Russia," TheLandof Horror." no support, or even encouragement, for his " hobby " * Yours, when he started in a small shop in Shankin Street in At a recent meeting, in Hampstead, the prospec­ 71 Lansdowne Rd., Josua Friedlaender. Tel Aviv a small exhibition of animals, and even in tive local Conservative Candidate, Mr. Henry West Didsbury, the years 1936-1937, next to the fashionable Gat Brooke, was asked by a member of the public, why Manchester, 20. Rimon Hotel, one could see huts and cages full of there were " thousands of foreigners allowed to live exotic animals, which were the private property of in Hampstead when so many British ex-Servicemen GLASGOW AID SOCIETY Dr. Schornstein. cannot find a place to lay their heads." Mr. Brooke " Despite the popular belief that all refugees are He was untiring in travelling to neighbouring replied amidst applause: " PersonaUy, I am thankful nicelj settled, there is still a number of people who countries and to contact Zoological Societies abroad, a refuge was provided for thousands of foreigners deserve assistance from their fellow refugees," said and as the years went by, his collection grew, and whose lives were in danger. I think," he went on, Mr. Herbert Levy, F.P.C.A., President, at the neighbours complained about the roaring of lions at " Hampstead has as large a proportion as is healthy Annual Meeting of the Mutual Refugees Aid the most unlikely times. It was then that he for any borough, and I should be sorry to see it grow Society in Glasgow, which is closely co-operating donated his animal park to the MunicipaUty of Tel any higher and the proportion of British-born any with the local AJR Branch. He mentioned that, Aviv. lower. We are a cosmopolitan crowd and we have inter alia, the erection of a Home for elderly and Among Tel Aviv's school children, he was called people from many parts of Europe and beyond. lonely refugees is under consideration and appealed Dr. Doolittle, and he never let an opportunity pass That being so, we must try to practise what we for the assistance of the members. The Meeting was to show the children around and to tell them about preach, for dangerous race feeling can most easUy be enhanced by recitals given by Miss Odette Blum and the animals. What he did not tell them was that he inflamed." NARRATOR. Miss Priscilla Stein.

CLASSIFIED CHARMING and Natural Photographs Employment of your children made in your home. AJR EMPLOYMENT AGENCY (an­ 10 Proofs submitted without obliga­ nually licensed by the L.C.C.) has on tion. 3 Postcards and 1 Enlargement its register men and women (skilled and for £1 Is. Ring W. G. Kaufmann, Photoluxe, ARNold 7302. unskilled), also homeworkers of any kind, sitters-in. Report vacancies esp. PRESENTS FOR THE SEASON. for book- and storekeepers. Tel. MAI Your portrait painted, pastel sketches 9096. (small size). EUzabeth Bleichroeder, EXPERIENCED BOOK-KEEPER 6 Buckland Crescent, N.W.3. PRI (male or female) required, knowledge 7777. 12-2, after 8 p.m. of German and typing essential. State DRESS-MAKING evening classes. Box experience and salary required. Box 830. 792. WHO teaches confectionery? Box 831. SHORTHAND TYPIST, perfect mvno^UCitif EngUsh/German urgently wanted. 5 Personal days week. Box 827. FOR MY ONLY DAUGHTER, 22, EXPERIENCED HOUSEKEEPER pretty girl, good figure, I should like Immortality Is given to seeks post with gentleman or business to contact Gentleman with view of few men. couple. Box 826. Marriage. Box 821. ELDERLY LADY wants to take charge of small household (Gentlemen WIDOW (49), good appearance, But there are times when pref.). ExceUent cook, exp. housewife, efficient housewife, wishes to meet a whole people rise from the first class ref. Box 824. Gentleman in good position between 50-60. Object Matrimony. Box 823. INTELLIGENT YOUNG MAN inter­ pages of history to achieve ested in the Fashion trade required by MISSING PERSONS their immortal destiny. Blouse Manufacturers to start as stock- Inquiries from AJR keeper and traveUer. Excellent pros­ Oppler, Dr. Friedrich (Fritz), Such a time is now come pects also for further advancement. former judge at the " Arbeitsgericht " for Israel. Similar experience lin advantage but in Berlin, born 1893, for Gertrud not essential. Box 822. Haeusler, Berlin. LADY COMPANION WANTED for Such a time is now come one lady. Private house. Brim Hill, Haase, Fritz, former owner of a shoe for you, if you will write your N.2. Central heating. No rough work, business in Berlin, for Albert Heins, only cooking in the morning—after­ BerUn. name forever on a piece of noons free. Phone TUD 5464. Meyer, Miss Hertha, last known Jewish soil in Israel with a REPRESENTATIVES REQUIRED, address : Bayford Grange, Hertford, already caUing on Stationers, for well for AJR. bequest to the Jewish National known, easy selling article. Good Relatives of the late WilUam Fund. commission. Box 829. Eichholz (died about four years ago), TYPING & TRANSLATING. Several last known address 38 Eton Avenue, men and women, able and wilUng to N.W.S, for AJR, which has a letter for htucd by undertake this kind of work, are on the them. books of the AJR Employment Agency. JEWISH NATIONAL FUND 65, Southampton Row, London, W.C.K (MUS. 6111) Accommodation ESTABLISHED ACCOMMODATION of any kind Full particulars from wanted. AJR Social Service Dept. WHOLESALE - FIRM Miscellaneous (Corsetry) KKLEXECUTOR & TRUSTEE CO. LTD ALTERATIONS, Remodels. Dress­ 199. Piccadilly, London, W.l REG. 7«7« maker, Mrs. Cohn, 158 Adelaide Road. has vacancies for PRI 7428. REPRESENTATIVES TYPEWRITER WANTED. Who in some areas of the United Kingdom. would hire out a Typewriter either free Good connections with Stores, Co-ops., of charge or at moderate terms to the etc. essential. Commission Basis. Hon. Secretary of a Youth Organisa­ tion? Box 825. Box 828 AJR INFORMATION December, 1949 Page 7 NEWS FROM GERMANY WERNER FINGK PERFORMANCE For technical reasons it became, unfortunately, Important AJR Meeting Protest of " Zentrum " Party necessary to postpone the Werner Finck Perform­ ance. The new date will be announced in the next At a Meeting of Delegates, the " Zentrums MONDAY, DECEMBER 19th, 1949,7.45 p.m. Partei " protested against the desecration of Jewish issue. As, however, the number of tickets still avail­ cemeteries. It was revealed that tombs of Catholic able is very Umited, it is advisable for those who have I, Broadhurst Gardens, N.W.6 priests have also been desecrated. not yet secured admission for themselves, to send in (near Finchley Road Underground Station) their orders now. The seats are being allocated in Berlin.—Dr. Moritz Freier was appointed a strict rotation, and the tickets, together with the Dr. F. Goldschmidt Rabbi of the Community. notification on the final date, wiU be despatched as (Joint Manager of the " United )(estitution Office ") soon as possible. The events of July 20, 1944, are the subject of a " Rueckerstattung und Play " Die Verschwoerung " by Walter Erich STORE ROOM WANTED Schaefer, recently performed in the Steglitz The Social Services Department have stated that Entschaedigung " " Schlosspark Theater." there is a great demand for a Store Room where Lucie Mannheim played a leading part in the people may temporarily leave their trunks or other A full survey of the position in the Berlin performance of James Bridie's " Daphne." belongings which they cannot take into their fur­ various Zones of Germany and of Elisabeth Bergner, who is, at present, on a tour nished rooms. Anybody who could offer suitable the practical steps to be taken in Germany, gave a performance in the " Titania premises or a garage should contact the AJR, giving by the claimants will be given Palast." She read Schnitzler's " Fraulein Else," at the same time particulars about the terms. Those who are interested in storing things, in case scenes from Shaw's " Saint Joan " and fragments In view of the importance of the subject, A J R Mem­ from the Bible. accommodation can be found, should also contact the AJR. bers and their Friends are urgently requested to attend "THE HYPHEN " the Meeting. No further invitations will be sent out. Duesseldorf.—Joseph Gockeln, President of the Sunday, 4th December, 7.30 p.m., at AJR Ffee Admission North - Rhine - Westphalian Diet and Mayor of Offices, 8, Fairfax Mansions, N.W.3. Rabbi Dr. Duesseldorf, condemned the shameful events of the Maybaum, on " Before and After the First World . 9th November, 1938, in a strongly worded address War." Stern HaU. Tickets for members, 3/6, for non- at a recent session of the Diet. Sunday, llth December, 7.30 p.m., 30 Buckland members, 5/- and 6/- at the door. Please apply Crescent. Kenneth Ambrose on " The Press." for tickets to the Secretary, enclosing stamped Sunday, 18th December. A Ramble. addressed envelope. Band, Refreshments. Dortmund.—A Community Centre, containing a Wednesday, 28th December. Grand Dance in Further particulars may be obtained from the Hon. Betsaal and a number of Club Rooms, was conse­ donjunction with the B'nai B'rith Youth and the Secretary, Miss Use Apt, 121 Broadhurst Gardens, crated recently. 1st B.B. Lodge Youth Group. 7.30 p.m. at the N.W.6. AJR, LONDON Association of Democratic Lawyers MILD AND SUNNY Sunday, December 18, 7.30 p.m.. from Germany BOURNEMOUTH—W. Terrace House, 128 Richmond Hill, BRUDERs u ASHDALE '' Are f/ou Richmond: Chanukah Celebration. Public Meeting Guest HOUM 33 BEAULIEU RD. Tel. : Westboums 619471 Address: Rabbi Dr, E. Holzer. Musical MONDAY, DECEMBER 12th 5 nun. Sea, 2 min. Bus. Lovely Surroundings coining ? Recitals: Hilde Zweig, Dr. F. Berend. at 7.45 p.m. Near Sea, Quiet District, GasQre H & C Water TO THE THIRD Monday, December 19, 7.45 p.m., 1, Broadhurst Gardens, N.W. 6 WINTER MONTHS REDUCED TERMS PERMANENT UUEaTS WELCOME 1 Broadhurst Gardens, N.W.6. Dr. F. Mr. A. MOZER (Amsterdam) Goldschmidt: " Restitution and In­ demnification " (see special announce­ will speak in German on Mammoth ment) " EUROPEAN CO-OPERATION " Mr. Mozer Is the editor of "Paraat," the AJR, GLASGOW offlicial organ of the Dutch Labour Party, (11 Abbotsford Place, Glasgow, C. 5) He will specially deal with Human Rights Germany, and Legal Status of Refugees] TO BE HELD ON Saturday, December 3rd, 6 p.m. at the Saltire Club, 144 Wellington Admission for non-Members 1/- Sunday and Monday, Street. C.2. W. ROSENSTOCK (Gen­ eral Secretary of the AJR): " The llth and 12th Work of the AJR." ' . DECEMBER, 1949 Sunday, December 18th, 3.30 p.m. & MAKING A 2.0 p.m. to 10 p.m. 6 p.m. Please keep these times free for Chanuka Party. To be opened by H.E. "BLUE DANUBE CLUB" 153 FINCHLEY ROAD THE MINISTER FOR Presents a New Revue by Peter Herz ISRAEL "THE IMPORTANCE OF BEING FUNNY" MPORTANT tax savings may often be Dr. M. Eliash La.it Performance Dec. ISth at the Perfmnces. every Sat at 7 p.m. & Sun. at 4 & 7p.m. I obtained by making Settlements in the Bookings by phone (PRI 5548) and at Box Office Sat, and Sun. between 11 - f and from 3 p.m. appropriate form. JOSEPH FREEDMAN onwards. Members and Friends only If you wish to make provision for your HALL BLUE DANUBE CLUB Family or for any Cause or Charity, you will GOLDERS GREEN SYNAGOGUE, N.W.II Daily open (except Monday) for appoint as Trustee of your Settlement a Lunch (from 2/6 onwards) Trustee Company whose special knowledge in aid of Tea and Dinner of the problems and needs of Jewish Clients can help you and your Solicitor to carry out CENTRAL Sf>ecio/ity : Home made Apfelstrudel your intentions in conditions of perfect Security and Secrecy. BRITISH K.K.L. Executor & Trustee Company Ltd. FUXD Representatives will be pleased to forward, in complete for Jewish Relief & Rehabilitation privacy, any information you or your GOLDERS GREEIV for our first class JEWISH IVATIOIVAL, spectacle frames and sun glasses Solicitor may require in order that you may consider appointing the Company as FUND COMAIISSIOM wanted for East AngUa, Trustee or Joint Trustee of your Settlement. KOSHER SCHOOL. MEALS SERVICE Hampshire, Wilts., Please write or teleptjone for particulars lo The Manager Isle of Wight K.K.L. EXECUTOR & TRUSTEE CO. LTD. NEW CUSTOMERS THROUGH and part of Sussex 199, PICCADILLY, LONDON, W.l. REGent 7676 ADVERTISEMENTS NUPRO LTD., Mfg.Opticians in "AJR INFORMATION" 2 Netherwood St., London, NW.6 Deadline: ISth of the Month Page 8 AJR INFORMATION December, 1949 INDUSTRIAL A. BREUER L. SCHEIBE TTPEWRITERS ZEIVITU form Politermoebe] & UatratEenfabrik, Berlin PHOTOGRAPHY UPHOLSTERY Photostat Copies, 57 Fairfax Road, Photo Reproductions, Lithoprinting N.W.6 TAILOR Re - upholstery and Re-cover of all kinds of Furniture and Mattresses GOLDERSTAT, 9S,Cambridge Road, MAI 1271 Loose Covers, Curtains, etc. SERVICE LIMITED Kilburn, London MAI 3671/2 NEW STANDARD & PORTABLES in Stock 19 Links Rd., N.W.3. TeL: GLA 780S Ladits' and Gentlemin's The House on the Hill NURSERY AND KINDERGARTEN F. FRIEDLAND Clothing made to mtasurt 5 Netherhall Gardens, New Workshop from customers' own Hampstead. HAM 1662 188 CAMBRIDGE ROAD. N.W.6 Shop & Offlce Fitting, material ' New Look' Vacancies Morning Class Babies Footwear 10-12 p.m Cabinet Maker, French Polishing, /I tipliccUion forms from tht Matrons Furniture Repair, Upholstery REMODELLING Please ring: MAI 8910 M. FISCHLER ALTERATIONS tnj^a CONTINENTAL UPHOLSTERY MIRRO FURS, Ltd. 257 FINCHLEY ROAD RUBBER GOODS LONDON, N.W. 3 EMSA-WORKS & HERBERT FOOT (near Finchloy Rd. Underground Stat.) APPLIANCE LTD. BLACKBURN, Lines. Interior and Exterior Painting and Decorating (Furniture repainting incl.) SPECIAL TERMS PAPERHANGING, During the Winter Season FIRST CLASS WORKMANSHIP AND BEST SIGNWRITING, MATERIALS USED. CARPETS FITTED AND ALL KINDS OF FURNITURE MADE 176 Weit End Lane, N.W.6 GENERAL L. A. PREECE AND REPAIRED, ALSO CURTAINS AND (near Weet Htmptteed Tube Stetion,Com.r ibop) HOUSE - REPAIRS MATTRESSES Telephone : HAMpitead 4721 and GLAZING 117, MELROSE AVENUE, N.W.2 DECORATIONS Tel.: GLA 1625 or EDG 7124 done by 15, St. Annes Road, AJR RELIEF DEPARTMENT ISRAEL M. G. STREAT I have pleasure in announcing that 30, Dennington Park Road, N.W.6 Barnes, S.W.13 33, Compayne Gardens, I can now offer ideal gifts for all Tel. : HAM 1541 London. N.W.6 occasions : Phone : PRO 5111 Teaspoons (Finchley Jloid Tube Station) Coffeespoons NEWMAN'S M. GLASER Cufflinks PRACTICAL UPHOLSTERER Please send us your used Keyrings COSY AU Re-Upholstery, Carpets, clothing (if in good condition) Pendants Furniture Repair, French Polishing for the Continent, Israel and WILL BE DONE TO YOUR Charms SATISFACTION — North Africa. Brooches SLIPPERS Phone HAMpatead 5401 or call at «3i FINCHLEY RD. (Chlld'a Hill) N.W.2 Buttonhole Studs Wa need' all with the authentic crest of BABIES' and CHILDREN'S WEAR ISRAEL, beautifully enamelled on sterling silver, EPNS or gilt metal. -OPTICIAN- Men's Suits and Underwear, Please book your Ghanukhah gifts early to Boolcs (in German) avoid disappointment, as supplies are at A. OTTEN, F.B.OJk. (Honours) present limited. Toys and Games if complete FuU particulars and price lists from : by RECOGNISED FOR S. K. FRAENKEL, ALL OPTICAL BENEFITS Talephona: 27, Warrender Park Road., Edinburgh 9 MAIDA VALE 7997 COMPLETE SERVICE PLEASE NOTE 118 FINCHLEY ROAD. N.W.S SPACK DONATED BY a. p. & O. HALLGARTBM CHANGE OF ADDRESS: (Oppotita John Barnet mnd Wla« and SpiriU NEWMAN'S SLIPPERS Ptnchlay Road, Mat. Station). lwsp»rt*n * Bnptrltri BRODECOR LTD. LTD. PHONE : HAM 8336 for Appointment I CaVTcaiB FalAM, LoaDoa, B.CS BLACKBURN Ladi.es' and Gentlemen's Tailor DECORATORS JEWISH BOOKS of any kind now at Ask for my new interesting 229A, WEST END LANE, Judaica Catalogue A. SCHAFFER & SOX^-^-*) Chanukah-Menoroth, Taleisim N.W.6 Libraries bought, Bookbinding 665, Finchley Road, N.W.2. PHONE: HAMPSTEAD 2156 Evgs.: MAIda Vale 8749 M.SULZBACHER Telephone : HAMpstead 9072 4 Sneath Avenue, Golders Green, London, N.W.II Tel.; SPE ItM rtastic — Sheeting, Baiting, Piping, Excellent with Futenen, DMrlngi, RIveti, Liningi, pp Cutting! of Silk, Cotton, Hotltr/, ate. Valentine & Wolff Printing done FLY^HELLENI C AIRLINES Export af General <«eodt ta all Markeu Jneutance JSroheta LTD. with the best Service 59 NEW OXFORD STREET PRESTWI'CK & D. METER GEVrir4Jl*l Urgent matters in 24 hours LONDON to 58Gt. Marlborough St.,London, W. I LONDON, W.Cl H. I. WALL, Phone: EDG 3450 T E L - A V I V CORSETS R.sular Twice Weekly Service 4-Englne Aircraft Balsam's Restaurant Tel. I TEMple Bar 0842/3/4 BRASSIERES operated by 17 HERTFORD STREET, MAYFAIR British Crews Continental cuisine GRO 4479 Made to Measure Fully I cen