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Medicine Lake National Wildlife Refuge Northeastern Montana Wetlands District Lamesteer National Wildlife Refuge

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Medicine Lake National Wildlife Refuge Northeastern Montana Wetlands District Lamesteer National Wildlife Refuge MEDICINE LAKE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE NORTHEASTERN MONTANA WETLANDS DISTRICT LAMESTEER NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE Medicine Lake, Montana ANNUAL NARRATIVE REPORT Calendar Year 1986 U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SYSTEM REVIEW AND APPROVALS MEDICINE LAKE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE Medicine Lake, Montana ANNUAL NARRATIVE REPORT Calendar Year 1986 Refuge Supervisor Review Date Regional Orffirce Approval Date INTRODUCTION Medicine Lake National Wildlife Refuge Medicine Lake National Wildlife Refuge is situated on the glaci­ ated rolling plains in the far northeast corner of Montana. It is located in Sheridan and Roosevelt Counties. This refuge lies in the highly productive prairie pothole region and has relief typical of the glacial drift prairie with relatively gentle rolling plains with occasional shallow depressions. This is basically a prairie refuge located in the transition zone be­ tween the mixed grass and short grass prairie. Native brush species consisting primarily of chokecherry, buffalo berry and snowberry are common in coulees and sandhill areas. A few old shelterbelts still remain on the refuge and these trees appear to be out of place on the prairie, but are composed of a variety of introduced deciduous species. The climate is typical of the northern great plains, with warm summers and cold winters, and marked variations in seasonal pre­ cipitation. Precipitation averages 12 to 15 inches per year. Temperatures can exceed 1000F in the summer and drop to -450F in the winter. Spring is generally the windiest period with veloci­ ties of 20 miles per hour that are associated with passing weather systems. The refuge encompasses 31,457 acres, which includes 13,546 acres of open water and marsh, 14,354 acres of grasslands and 3,557 acres of cultivated lands, primarily former croplands. Surrounding private ground is intensively farmed for small grain. The refuge lies within the Williston Oil Basin, which is one of the most active oil basins in the lower 48 states. Oil explora­ tion and development is widespread on surrounding private lands. The refuge was established in 1935 by Presidential Executive Order with the primary purpose being to provide waterfowl produc­ tion and migrational habitat. In 1937, a Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) set up camp on the refuge and 180 men began work. During the camps four years of operation, many conservation projects were undertaken including dams, dikes, shelterbelts and fences. In addition, many of the refuge roads and buildings were constructed. The 11,360 acre Medicine Lake Wilderness Area was established by Congress in 1976. This area includes the main water body of the lake and the islands within. Also included is the 2,320 acre Sandhills Unit with its unique rolling hills, native grass and brush species. MEDICINE LAKE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE r sec. ROOSEVELT AND SHERIDAN COUNTIES, MONTANA SCACC 'jpul ^ ^|C|| mutcm. McmoiAN 56 MED Bl i INTRODUCTION Page TABLE OF CONTENTS i A. HIGHLIGHTS B. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS 1 C. LAND ACQUISITION 1. Fee Title Nothing to report 2. Easements Nothing to report 3. Other Nothing to report D. PLANNING > 1. Master Plan Nothing to report 2. Management Plan Nothing to report 3. Public Participation Nothing to report 4. Compliance with Environmental and Cultural Resource Mandates Nothing to report 5. Research and Investigations 1 6. Other Nothing to report E. ADMINISTRATION 1. Personnel 3 2. Youth Programs 5 3. Other Manpower Programs Nothing to report 4. Volunteer Programs 5 5. Funding > 7 6. Safety 7 7. Technical Assistance Nothing to report 8. Other Nothing to report F. HABITAT MANAGEMENT 1. General 7 2. Wetlands 7 3. Forests Nothing to report 4. Croplands 8 5. Grasslands Nothing to report 6. Other Habitats Nothing to report 7. Grazing 9 8. Haying Nothing to report 9. Fire Management 10 10. Pest Control .^....11 11. Water Rights 11 12. Wilderness Areas 12 13. WPA Easement Monitoring Nothing to report ii G. WILDLIFE Page 1. Wildlife Diversity 12 2. Endangered and/or Threatened Species 12 3. Waterfowl 14 4. Marsh and Waterbirds 17 5. Shorebirds, Gulls, Terns and Allied Species 18 6. Raptors 18 7. Other Migratory Birds 18 8. Game Mammals 19 9. Marine Mammals Nothing to report 10. Other Resident Wildlife 19 11. Fisheries Resources 19 12. Wildlife Propagation and Stocking Nothing to report 13. Surplus Animal Disposal Nothing to report 14. Scientific Collections 20 15. Animal Control 21 16. Marking and Banding 22 17. Disease Prevention and Control 22 ^ H. PUBLIC USE 1. General 22 2. Outdoor Classrooms - Students Nothing to report 3. Outdoor Classrooms - Teachers Nothing to report 4. Interpretive Foot Trails Nothing to report 5. Interpretive Tour Routes 23 6. Interpretive Exhibits/Demonstrations Nothing to report 7. Other Interpretive Programs 23 8. Hunting 23 9. Fishing 24 10. Trapping 25 11. Wildlife Observation 25 12. Other Wildlife Oriented Recreation Nothing to report 13. Camping Nothing to report 14. Picnicing 25 15. Off-Road Vehicling 1 Nothing to report 16. Other Non-Wildlife Oriented Recreation.... Nothing to report 17. Law Enforcement 25 18. Cooperating Associations Nothing to report 19. Concessions Nothing to report !. EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES 1. New Construction 25 2. Rehabilitation 27 3. Major Maintenance Nothing to report 4. Equipment Utilization and Replacement 28 5. Communications Systems 2 8 6. Computer Systems Nothing to report 7. Energy Conservation Nothing to report 8. Other Nothing to report iii J. OTHER ITEMS Page 1. Cooperative Programs 28 2. Other Economic Uses 30 3. Items of Interest Nothing to report 4. Training 31 5. Credits 31 K. FEEDBACK 31 L. INFORMATION PACKET inside back cover 1. Lanfesteer National Wildlife Refuge 1 1. A. HIGHLIGHTS Some relief from drought, but we'll take more. (Section B). Other portion of Bruce's Island burned. (Section F-9). Documented more nesting piping plovers. (Section G-2). Botulism die-off highest in five years. (Section G-17). Ducks Unlimited projects. (Section J-l). B. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS The 1985-86 winter was again relatively snow free. January was mild for this part of the country. However, we were remin­ ded that we live in the northern Great Plains when a -400F temperature occurred 20 February. Then winter decided to let go and-the last week of February we recorded 500F temperatures which resulted in early runoff. March continued mild with a 750F recording. Medicine Lake became ice-free 29 March. April showers in the form of six inches of wet snow occurred 13 April and was followed by -40F on 15 April. Moisture continued to fall in May and we observed a lush, green spring compared to the tan landscape of the past few years. Summer continued with welcome precipitation. The total at the end of July was 9.25 inches compared to 4.61 for the same period in 1985. The highest temperature of the year was 980F occurring on 19 August. Instead of the hot, dry falls of the past few years, we exper­ ienced comfortable, soil saving, prairie restoring, crop produ­ cing precipitation. We exceeded the average annual precipitation of 14.3 inches in October. Medicine Lake froze 9 November. The 1986-87 winter's deepest snow depth was only three inches recorded 18 November. The only snow remaining at the end of the year was in shaded areas and the remains of drifts. We did not record any precipitation for December. However, we ended the year with 15.45 inches of pre­ cipitation, 1.15 above the average. D. PLANNING 5. Research and Investigations Medicine Lake NR-82: Northeast Montana Groundwater Study The study was conducted from 1982 through the spring of 1985 by the U. S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, U. S. Bureau of Indian Affairs, and the U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service. The primary objective of the investigation was to describe the groundwater resources of the area including occurrence, recharge, movement, dis­ charge, well yields, water-level fluctuations, and water qual­ ity. The secondary objective was to inventory wells and to case test holes that could be monitored after this study to determine potential effects of continued or changed ground­ water withdrawals on water levels and water quality of the affected aquifers. The study area overlays the ancestral Mis­ souri River valley from near Homestead to the North Dakota line. Medicine Lake NWR and nine WPA's are within the study area. Three test wells were drilled near the north end of No. 12 Lake. These wells were installed to assess the vertical hydraulic gradient that might be causing upward seepage into the lake, to detect vertical changes in water quality related to lake evapo­ ration, and to allow aquifer characterization by pump testing and long-term water level monitoring. Our concern is withdrawal from this aquifer via irrigation by central pivot systems. We have not received a final report but preliminary results estimate pumpage for irrigation increased from 16 acre-feet in 1975 to 4,150 acre-feet in 1984. The pre­ liminary report stated "water levels in the aquifer declined slightly (about two feet or less) from June 1982 to April 1985." Reasons for the decline were "groundwater withdrawals from nearby irrigation wells or less than normal precipitation during the past several years, or both." Medicine Lake NR-85. Ecology of Canada geese of Medicine Lake National Wildlife Refuge (61530-6). A two year Master of Science study was initiated in 1985. The study was conducted by Harry S. Denson, a graduate student from Montana State University. Cooperating and funding agencies in­ clude the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks and the USFWS. The objectives of the study are; 1) to determine annual produc­ tivity factors (nesting locations, pairing activity, hatching success, predation factors, and developing census methods, 2) evaluate summer family group movements through neck collaring, and 3) determining fall movements, migration and mortality fac­ tors by analyzing neck collar and banding information.
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