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Isis (Y Serapis), Dioses De La Navegación Y Del Comercio Marítimo

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Isis (Y Serapis), Dioses De La Navegación Y Del Comercio Marítimo 1 2 SANTUARIO DE ISIS Y SERAPIS (INSULA II) Molinete/Cartagena SANCTUARY OF ISIS AND SERAPIS (INSULA II) BARRIO DEL FORO ROMANO. PROYECTO INTEGRAL DE RECUPERACIÓN Y CONSERVACIÓN ROMAN FORUM DISTRICT. RECOVERY AND CONSERVATION AYUNTAMIENTO DE CARTAGENA / CARTAGENA CITY COUNCIL EDITORES CIENTÍFICOS / SCIENTIFIC EDITORS Alcaldesa / Mayor José Miguel Noguera Celdrán Ana Belén Castejón Hernández Andrés Cánovas Alcaraz Vicealcaldesa / Vice-Mayor María José Madrid Balanza Noelia María Arroyo Hernández Izaskun Martínez Peris FUNDACIÓN REPSOL AUTORES DE LOS TEXTOS / AUTHORS OF THE TEXTS Presidente / Chairman Juan Manuel Abascal Palazón Antonio Brufau Niubó Atxu Amann Alcocer Vicepresidente / Vice-Chairman Andrés Cánovas Alcaraz António Calçada de Sá Chloe Nora Duckworth [C.N.D.] María Victoria García-Aboal CONSORCIO CARTAGENA PUERTO DE CULTURAS / Valentino Gasparini [V.G.] CONSORTIUM CARTAGENA PUERTO DE CULTURAS David Govantes Edwards [D.G.E.] Presidenta / Chairwoman María José Madrid Balanza [M.J.M.B.] Ana Belén Castejón Hernández Izaskun Martínez Peris Gerente / Manager Nicolás Maruri González de Mendoza Agustina Martínez Molina José Miguel Noguera Celdrán [J.M.N.C.] Marta Pavía Page [M.P.P.] EDITA / PUBLISHED BY Patrizio Pensabene [P.P.] Ayuntamiento de Cartagena / Cartagena City Council Antonio Pizzo [A.P.] Consorcio Cartagena Puerto de Culturas / Consortium Cartagena David Quiñonero Morales [D.Q.M.] Puerto de Culturas Joaquín Ruiz de Arbulo Universidad de Murcia / University of Murcia Víctor Velasco Estrada Jaime Vizcaíno Sánchez [J.V.S.] SANTUARIO DE ISIS Y SERAPIS. BARRIO DEL FORO ROMANO (INSULA II). MOLINETE/ FOTOGRAFÍAS / PHOTOGRAPHS CARTAGENA. PROYECTO INTEGRAL DE RECUPERACIÓN Y CONSERVACIÓN / SANC- Equipo del Molinete © Consorcio Cartagena Puerto de Culturas TUARY OF ISIS AND SERAPIS. ROMAN FORUM DISTRICT (INSULA II). MOLINETE/ CAR- David Frutos Ruiz TAGENA. RECOVERY AND CONSERVATION Primera edición, julio de 2019, 450 ejemplares / First Edition, July 2019, 450 copies Jesús Gómez Carrasco José Gabriel Gómez Carrasco Juan Francisco González Sánz José Luis Montero Joaquín Ruiz de Arbulo ISBN: 978-84-17865-13-9 (Universidad de Murcia) Depósito legal: MU xxx Este libro es fruto de sucesivos proyectos de investigación titulados / This book ESCANEADOS 3D Y ORTOFOTOGRAFÍAS / 3D SCAN AND ORTHOPHOTO is the result of several research projects, entitled Roma y las capitales provincia- Aerographstudio. José Gabriel Gómez Carrasco les de Hispania. La gran arquitectura pública de Carthago Nova (ref. n.º HAR2009- 14314-C03-03) (2010-2012), Roma, las capitales provinciales y las ciudades de Hispania: difusión de modelos en la arquitectura y el urbanismo. Paradigmas del INFOGRAFÍAS / INFOGRAPHICS conventus Carthaginiensis (ref. n.º HAR2012-37405-C04-02) (2013-2015) y / Balawat.com and Exemplum et spolia. El legado monumental de las capitales provinciales ro- manas de Hispania. Perduración, reutilización y transformación en Carthago Nova, Valentia y Lucentum (HAR2015-64386-C4-2-P) (2016-2019), subvencionados DOCUMENTACIÓN / DOCUMENTATION por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad del Gobierno de España / fun- Consorcio Cartagena Puerto de Culturas ded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivenes. Equipo del Molinete © Consorcio Cartagena. Puerto de Culturas María José Madrid Balanza © De esta edición: Ayuntamiento de Cartagena. Consorcio Cartagena Puerto de Culturas, y Universidad de MUrcia / Of this edition: Cartagena City Council. Con- Izaskun Martínez Peris sortium Cartagena Puerto de Culturas, and University of Murcia José Miguel Noguera Celdrán © De los textos: los autores / Of the texts: the authors © De las ilustraciones (dibujos y fotografías): sus autores / Of the figures (drawing and photographs): the authors DIBUJOS Y PLANOS / DRAWINGS AND PLANS José Gabriel Gómez Carrasco Impreso en España / Printed in Spain / 2019 Antonio Sánchez López Reservados todos los derechos. Queda prohibido reproducir, almacenar en Lorenzo Suárez Escribano sistemas de recuperación de la información y transmitir alguna parte de esta publicación, cualquiera que sea el medio empleado (electrónico. Mecánico, fotocopia, grabación…) sin el permiso previo de los titulares de la propiedad DIRECCIÓN DE ARTE Y PORTADA / ART DIRECTION AND COVER DESIGN intelectual / All rights reserved. The reproduction, storage in a retrieval system José Luis Montero or transmission, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocop- ying, recording) or otherwise, in part or in whole, is prohibited without the prior written consent of the copyright holders TRADUCCIÓN DE TEXTOS AL INGLÉS / ENGLISH TEXTS David Govantes Edwards IMPRESIÓN / PRINTING Libecrom 4 PRESENTACIÓN / PRESENTATION 14 José Miguel Noguera Celdrán – Andrés Cánovas Alcaraz – María José Madrid 0 Balanza – Izaskun Martínez Peris ISIS (Y SERAPIS), DIOSES DE LA NAVEGACIÓN Y DEL COMERCIO MARÍTIMO. 17 VIDA COTIDIANA EN UN SANTUARIO EGIPCIO / ISIS AND SERAPIS, GODS OF 1 SAILING AND SEA TRADE: EVERYDAY LIFE IN AN EGYPTIAN SANCTUARY Joaquín Ruiz de Arbulo CULTOS ORIENTALES Y ALEJANDRINOS EN CARTHAGO NOVA / ORIENTAL 28 AND ALEXANDRINE CULTS IN CARTHAGO NOVA 2 Juan Manuel Abascal Palazón CATÁLOGO / CATALOGUE 34 ARQUEOLOGÍA DE LOS ESPACIOS SAGRADOS EN CARTHAGO NOVA: EL 36 SANTUARIO ISIACO DEL MOLINETE (INSULA II) / ARCHAEOLOGY OF SACRED 3 SPACES IN CARTHAGO NOVA: THE ISIS SANCTUARY IN MOLINETE (INSULA II) III.1. CATÁLOGO / José Miguel Noguera Celdrán – María José Madrid Balanza CATÁLOGO / CATALOGUE 96 EL BARRIO ARTESANAL DE LA INSULA II DEL MOLINETE / THE INDUSTRIAL 114 QUARTERS OF INSULA II 4 María Victoria García Aboal – Víctor Velasco Estrada CATÁLOGO / CATALOGUE 122 ¿EPÍLOGO O COMIENZO? LA OCUPACIÓN BIZANTINA EN EL ANTIGUO 124 SANTUARIO DE ISIS / EPILOGUE OR BEGINNING? THE FORMER ISIS 5 SANCTUARY AND THE BYZANTINE OCCUPATION Jaime Vizcaíno Sánchez TRABAJOS DE CONSERVACIÓN Y RESTAURACIÓN EN LA INSULA II 132 (SANTUARIO DE ISIS) / RESTORATION AND CONSOLIDATION WORK UNDERTAKEN IN INSULA II (ISIS SANCTUARY) 6 Izaskun Martínez Peris EL SILENCIO DE ISIS / ISIS’ SILENCE 150 Andrés Cánovas Alcaraz – Nicolás Maruri González de Mendoza – Atxu 7 Amann Alcocer 8 BIBLIOGRAFÍA Y PREMIOS / BIBLIOGRAPHY AND PRIZES 162 16 ISIS (Y SERAPIS), DIOSES DE LA NAVEGACIÓN Y DEL COMERCIO MARÍTIMO. VIDA COTIDIANA EN UN SANTUARIO EGIPCIO ISIS AND SERAPIS, GODS OF SAILING AND SEA TRADE: EVERYDAY 1 LIFE IN AN EGYPTIAN SANCTUARY Joaquín Ruiz de Arbulo “Isis Muromem (i.e. Myrionyma, “la de los mil nombres”) ‘Isis Muromem (i.e. Myrionyma, “of a thousand names”), te confío el robo del que he sido víctima. Haz por mí ac- let me tell you the robbery of which I have been a victim. tos ejemplares propios de tu divinidad inatacable y de tu Act for me with the power and majesty that you possess, majestad, de modo que quites la vida, a la vista de todos, and kill the culprit, and his heir in front of everyone; he has a quien lo ha hecho, o a su heredero, a quien me ha qui- stolen a white crib blanket, a new duvet, two bedspreads tado una manta de cama blanca, un cobertor nuevo, dos which I used. I implore, oh my Queen, that you punish this colchas de mi propio uso. Te ruego, ¡oh soberana mía! que robbery.’ castigues este robo”. Una noche cualquiera a mediados del siglo II d.C., una ma- One night, like any other night, in the mid-2nd century AD, trona de la ciudad de Baelo Claudia, en la costa gaditana, a midwife from the city of Baelo Claudia, on the coast tiró al pozo del templo de la diosa Isis, vecino al foro de la of Cadiz, threw a small lead tablet (9.5 x 5.9 cm) into a ciudad, una pequeña lámina de plomo (de 9,5 x 5,9 cm). well. The tablet bore an inscription asking the goddess En ella se había grabado una pequeña oración solicitan- to take vengeance for a robbery (Bonneville et alii, 1988, do a la diosa venganza ejemplar y radical ante una sus- 21-24, no 1). The stolen items – several pieces of bed tracción (Bonneville et alii, 1988, 21-24, n.º 1). Lo robado, linen, which had probably been left hanging on the unas piezas de ropa de cama que probablemente estaban washing line – are listed in the text in full detail, as in tendidas a secar, es detallado de forma tan precisa que a police report. The goddess, with her all-encompassing el texto parece una auténtica denuncia judicial. La diosa power, was called upon in the place of the local ediles sustituía así con su poder omnímodo a unos ediles y vigi- and vigils, who probably were less efficient than her in les urbanos probablemente mucho menos efectivos en la solving these unpleasant incidents. resolución de estos desagradables asuntos. It may seem remarkable that the midwife chose to ask Llama la atención que sea Isis, una diosa egipcia, la di- Isis, an Egyptian goddess, for help, but this was not an vinidad elegida para exigir la reparación. Pero no se tra- accident. Aretalogies, a form of religious litany, were tó de un hecho casual. Por todo el Imperio Romano se sung in honour of the goddess throughout the empire, dedicaban a Isis las “aretalogías”, letanías en honor de while stone and metal votive texts were deposited at la diosa que debían ser recitadas en voz alta y también her feet (Engelmann, 1975; Grandjean, 1975). In these 17 ofrendadas como textos votivos sobre metal o piedra (En- dedications, Isis is always portrayed as an indulgent gelmann, 1975; Grandjean, 1975). Isis aparece siempre en protector, but also as an implacable distributor of justice. ellas como una protectora indulgente, pero también como Her cult dates back to the Fifth Dynasty of Egypt (2500- una justiciera implacable. Venerada ya en el Egipto de la V 2350 BC), over two-and-a half millennia before the Dinastía (2500-2350 a.C.), más de dos mil quinientos años theft at Baelo Claudia, where Isis was the paradigm of antes de ese robo en Baelo Claudia, la diosa Isis era el a perfect royal wife, abnegated mother and protector ejemplo de la gran esposa real, a la vez que madre abne- (Tobin, 1991).
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