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Archaeopress Open Access Ȱ Ȱ Ȱ Ȱ Ȱ Ȱ Ȱ Ȱ Ȱ Ȱ Ȱ Ȱ Ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ LIBERȱAMICORUMȱ–ȱSPECULUMȱSIDERUM:ȱ NyTȱASTROPHOROSȱ ȱ ȱ STUDIAȱINȱHONOREMȱALICIÆȱMARAVELIAȱȱ AȱCOLLEGIS,ȱAMICIS,ȱDISCIPULISȱCONSCRIPTAȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Archaeopress Open Access ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ © Archaeopress and the authors, 2016. Liber Amicorum–Speculum Siderum: NŪt Astrophoros Papers Presented to Alicia Maravelia Edited by Nadine Guilhou With the help of Antigoni Maniati Archaeopress Open Access Archaeopress Egyptology 17 © Archaeopress and the authors, 2016. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Gordon House 276 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 7ED www.archaeopress.com ISBN 978 1 78491 522 3 ISBN 978 1 78491 523 0 (e-Pdf) © Archaeopress, The Hellenic Institute of Egyptology, the editors and the individual authors 2016 Front cover: Free synthesis based on an older postcard from the Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum (San José, California), elaborated by the Hellenic Institute of Egyptology © Hellenic Institute of Egyptology 2016 Archaeopress Open Access All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. Printed in England by Holywell Press, Oxford This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website www.archaeopress.com © Archaeopress and the authors, 2016. Nadine GUILHOU & Antigoni MANIATI: Contents, Authors, Affiliations & Addresses, Tabula Gratulatoria TABLE OF CONTENTS Blessing by His Eminence the Archbishop of Sinai Mgr DAMIANOS: ……………………………………………. VII Table of Contents: …………………………………………………………………………………………………… . IX Authors & Affiliations: …………………………………………………………………………………………..…… XI Tabula Gratulatoria: ………………………………………………………………………………………………… . XIII Foreword by H.E. the Former Minister of Hellas Mr Andreas ZAÏMIS: …………………………………………. XV Introduction by the Principal Editor Dr Nadine GUILHOU: ……………………………………………………… XIX Introduction by the Assistant Editor Mrs Antigoni MANIATI: ………………………………………………….. XXIII PART I: NŪT AND THE REALM OF STARS: ……………………………………………………………………………… 1 Nils BILLING: The Dialogue of Gēb and Nūt in Relation to the Royal Sarcophagus in the Pyramid of King Pepy I: ….. 3 Nadine GUILHOU: Le Soleil dans les Bras de Nūt dans les Tombes Thébaines: ………………………………………. 17 Mykola TARASENKO: The «Children of Nūt» and their Rebellion in Chapter 175A of the Book of the Dead: ………… 35 Bernard ARQUIER: L’Astérisme du Bélier dans l’Ancienne Égypte: ………………………………………………….. 49 Azza EZZAT: Staircases in Ancient Egyptian Pools: Iconographic Attestations and Ouranographic Connotations: … 59 Brigitte VALLÉE: Les Hypocéphales et la Déesse Céleste Nūt: ………………………………………………………….. 75 Kurt LOCHER: Gods Coming from the Left – Possible Astronomical Origins of Religious Processions: ……………… 93 Sabine STEMMLER–HARDING: Devil in Disguise – On the Stellar Mythology of cApophis and its Potential Con‐ nection to the Constellation @tp-Rdwy : ……………………………………………… 95 Frank GODDIO: Un Récit de la Création ressurgit des Profondeurs: ………………………………………………… 115 Anne–Sophie VON BOMHARD: The Genesis of the Stars in Ancient Egypt, according to the Naos of the Decades: … 123 Massimiliano FRANCI: Defining Time: ……………………………………………………………………………… 139 Gaëlle CHANTRAIN: Une Journée dans le Temps et l’Espace – Remarques Lexicales au Sujet de hrw et grH: ……… 151 Themis G. DALLAS: The Ancient Skyscape Over the Sanctuary of Egyptian Gods in Marathōn: ………………… . 153 Mona HAGGAG: The Tazza Farnese: An Alexandrian Vision of the Cosmos: ………………………………………. 167 Jean–Pierre LEVET: Les Constellations Anthropomorphes de l’Hémisphère Nord et l’Astrosophie chez Ptolémée: … 177 PART II: ANCIENT EGYPTIAN RELIGION, ART, HISTORY AND THEIR CELESTIAL UNDERTONES: ………………. 189 Jean–Pierre PÄTZNICK: La Déesse d’Éléphantine à l’Époque Thinite – Tabouisation Locale du Nom Divin: ……… 191 Tatjana A. SHERKOVA: Sacral Numbers in Ancient Egypt – Historical and Psychological Study: ………………… 199 Mohammed AZZAZY & Azza EZZAT: The Sycamore in Ancient Egypt – Textual, Iconographic & Archaeopaly‐ nological Thoughts: ……………………………………………………………… … 209 Ahmed MANSOUR: Notes on the Role of #tm(w)/#tmty-NTr in Turquoise Mining Expeditions: ………………… . 221 Dina ᾽EL‐GABRY: A Fragmentary Dyad of Penwah and of his Wife Meryt – Cairo Museum JE 27955, CG 1003: … 229 Hamdy Ahmed ᾽EL‐SOROGY: The Flea Insect as a New Symbol for God Seth: ……………………………………. 239 Hedvig GYŐRY: On the History of Feline Amulets – A Preliminary Study of Cat Amulets: ………………………. 245 Detlev QUINTERN: The LionArchaeopress and the Mouse – Travelling Ethics Open: …………………………………………………… Access 267 Sophia TSOURINAKI: Between Dionysos and Christ – Cosmological Images on a Hellenistic Funerary Textile: …… 277 Ashraf–Alexandre SADEK: De la Spiritualité des Anciens Égyptiens à la Spiritualité Chrétienne: ………………. 287 Youhanna N. YOUSSEF: The Date of Consecration of the Sanctuary of Patriarch Benjamin: ………………………. 297 Manto PAPAÏOANNOU: Psychostasia in Byzantine Art through the Iconography of Archangel Michael: ………… . 307 PART III: ANCIENT EGYPTIAN MATHEMATICS, MEDICINE, ARCHAEOANTHROPOLOGY AND EGYPTOMANIA: … 309 Irem ASLAN–SEYHAN: Considerations on the Study of Ancient Egyptian Mathematics in Modern Turkey: ……… 311 Stephanos GEROULANOS: An Introduction to Alexandrian Medicine & Surgery: …………………………………. 321 Constantinos TRIANTAPHYLLIDIS: The Genetic History of Hellas, Egypt and of the Near East and the DNA c Study of King Tut ankhamūn: …………………………………………………… … 329 Adam ŁUKASZEWICZ: One more Hand that rocked the Cradle of Egyptology – Count Jan Potocki: ………………. 341 Mladen TOMORAD: Aegyptiaca and Various Forms of Egyptomania in Croatia: …………………………………… 349 Antigoni MANIATI: Brief CV & List of Publications of Prof. Dr Dr Alicia MARAVELIA: …………………………… 365 Evi BATRA: Epilogue – Dr Dr Alicia MARAVELIA & the Association of Greek Women Scientists: …………………. 373 [IX] © Archaeopress and the authors, 2016. Themis G. DALLAS: The Ancient Skyscape over the Sanctuary of Egyptian Gods in Marathōn THE ANCIENT SKYSCAPE OVER THE SANCTUARY OF EGYPTIAN GODS IN MARATHŌN Themis G. DALLAS Department of History, Archaeology & Social Anthropology, University of Thessaly, Volos, Hellas ABSTRACT In the present paper we study the orientation of the sanctuary of Egyptian Gods in Marathōn and calculate that it be‐ longs to the Equinoctial Group in the classification of Egyptian temples. We also reproduce the ancient skyscape over the area and associate astronomical phenomena with the major feasts most probably celebrated in that temple. We conclude that Navigium Isidum and Inventio Osiridis may be associated with the acronychal rising and setting of Canopus (or the constellation of Argo Navis in general) and Lychnapsia with the Perseids meteor–shower. Connections of Pēlusia and Sera‐ pia to astronomical phenomena are more problematic, but we also examine such possibilities. KEY WORDS: Marathōn, Sanctuary of Isis, Ptolemaic & Helleno–Roman Period, Ancient Astronomy, Canopus, Ancient Skyscapes, Ancient Egyptian & Hellenic Feasts. I. INTRODUCTION. I would like to dedicate this paper to my colleague and friend Dr Dr Alicia MARAVELIA, for her very important work on the ancient Egyptian astronomical elements in religious texts, as well as for actively spreading her love of Egypt to her audiences. I wish her all the best for her career and further achievements in both Egyptology and Archaeoastronomy. On the southern end of the Marathōn plain, within a small marsh known to the locals as Brexiza (φ = 38°06’12” N, λ = 23°58’45’’ E), the archaeological hoe has unearthed a sanctuary dedicated to Egyptian gods. Although remains in the area were first noted in the 18th and 19th centuries, the excavations started in 1968 when the monuments were brought to light during the building of a 1 hotel. It is believed to be the Ἱερὸν τοῦ Κανώβου, founded around AD 160 by Hērodēs Attikos. The 2 sanctuary [its plan is reproduced in FIGURE 1] has a square shape, 50m long, featuring courtyards, corridors, marble staircases and a truncated stepped pyramid at its centre. Access is by four monu‐ mental entrances, oriented to the cardinal points. Every entrance is flanked by internal and exter‐ nal colossal statues, oneArchaeopress male and one female. The maleOpen statues Access represent the god Osiris, possibly in the face of Antinoos, favoured of the Emperor Hadrianus. The female statues represent the god‐ dess Isis as Isis–Dēmētra (holding corns) or Isis–Aphroditē (holding roses). There is also a staircase at the South side of the eastern gate; it may have given access to an observational platform or tow‐ er. To the East of the sanctuary a stoa has been found; it may have extended to the North, probably towards the harbour (still unidentified) that Hērodēs Attikos had also built in the area. To the SE of the sanctuary, a luxurious bath (βαλανεῖον) and a large pond have been excavated. In addition, two more structures can be traced on the South of the sanctuary; one in contact with the eastern part of the south wall,3 in parallel to the bath; one at the SW edge of the archaeological site.4 1 Μentioned by Philostratus, 554; see WRIGHT, 1922. 2 For a detailed description see DEKOULAKOU, 2011: 23‐46, as well as DEKOULAKOU, 1999‐2001: 113‐26; DEKOULAKOU, 2012: 13‐21. 3 FOTIADI, 2016: personal communication. 4 PETRAKOS, 2010: 23. [153] © Archaeopress and the authors, 2016. Nadine GUILHOU (ED.): Liber Amicorum – Speculum Siderum: Nūt Astrophoros. Papers presented to Alicia MARAVELIA FIGURE 1: Plan of the sanctuary of Egyptian gods in Marathōn. Drawing by Alexander Gounaris.
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