DOCSLIB.ORG

Grammar and Information Structure a Study with Reference to Russian

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Grammar and Information Structure a Study with Reference to Russian Grammar and Information Structure a study with reference to Russian Published by LOT Janskerkhof 13 3512 BL Utrecht The Netherlands phone: +31 30 253 6006 fax: +31 30 253 6406 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.lotschool.nl Cover illustration by Ilya Ruderman ISBN 978-90-78328-32-2 NUR 616 Copyright © 2007: Natalia Slioussar. All rights reserved. Grammar and Information Structure a study with reference to Russian Grammatica en Informatiestructuur een studie met betrekking tot het Russisch (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands) Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof.dr. W.H. Gispen, ingevolge het besluit van het college voor promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op woensdag 4 juli 2007 des ochtends te 10.30 uur door Natalia Slioussar geboren op 16 november 1980 te Sint-Petersburg, Russische Federatie Promotoren: prof.dr. E.J. Reuland prof.dr. F.N.K. Wijnen prof.dr. T.V. Chernigovskaya Contents Acknowledgements .................................................................................ix 1 Introduction ........................................................................................1 1.1 What does the grammatical IS system encode and how? ...........4 1.1.1 IS notions in the grammar elude definition................................4 1.1.2 Activation network model of the discourse IS system .................6 1.1.3 Discourse IS notions in the activation network model ................8 1.1.4 From discourse to syntax: what is encoded and how? ..............11 1.2 Implementing a configurational IS model ................................15 1.3 Russian scrambling: An introduction ........................................17 1.4 The structure of the dissertation................................................19 2 Syntax. Outlining the model............................................................23 2.1 Phase theoretic framework and my modifications ...................23 2.1.1 Innovations to Phase theory in Chomsky (2005)......................24 2.1.2 Four major modifications and several minor points .................26 2.2 My IS model outlined.................................................................29 2.2.1 EF-based configurational IS model ...........................................29 2.2.2 IM and Agree: redefining the relation ......................................32 2.2.3 IS-related IM: how and where?.................................................36 2.2.4 Restricting ‘free IM’: how, where and with what effects?..........38 2.2.5 Determinacy of the grammar and a production model............42 2.3 Remnant movement, adverbial syntax and heads with EFs .....45 2.3.1 Remnant movement .................................................................46 2.3.2 Syntax of adverbs .....................................................................47 2.3.3 A sample derivation .................................................................50 2.3.4 List of heads with EFs................................................................55 3 IS theory and prosody. Developing the model ...............................59 3.1 IS theory and prosody: An introduction ....................................59 3.1.1 A brief overview of the IS field ..................................................61 3.1.2 Prosodic structure and the architecture of the grammar ..........62 3.1.3 Reinhart and Neeleman’s IS theory..........................................65 3.1.4 Szendri’s (2001) crosslinguistic IS typology ............................68 3.1.5 Büring (2003): unifying focus and prominence........................71 3.2 Place of prosody in the grammar and in IS models ..................76 vi Natalia Slioussar. Grammar and Information Structure 3.2.1 Interface strategies in Reinhart and Neeleman’s model...........76 3.2.2 Modifications of Reinhart and Neeleman’s theory and parallel representations in Szendri’s (2001) model .............................79 3.3 Deriving prosody from syntax...................................................81 3.3.1 Dividing the task ......................................................................82 3.3.2 NSR in the non-antisymmetric models and its problems ..........85 3.3.3 Language-internal and crosslinguistic perspective...................86 3.3.4 Prosody without IS-related IM ..................................................90 3.3.5 Prosody with IS-related IM .......................................................95 3.3.6 Non-default prosody.................................................................99 3.3.7 Further details and conclusion ...............................................101 3.4 Advantages of relational IS notions ........................................104 3.4.1 Universality of configurational IS models...............................105 3.4.2 Pronouns and IS-related IM....................................................110 3.4.3 Foci: problems ........................................................................112 3.4.4 Foci: solutions .........................................................................116 3.4.5 Topics: problems and solutions...............................................118 3.4.6 Topicalization and ‘topic accents’ in Russian .........................121 3.4.7 Corpus study of Russian sentence-initial PPs ..........................124 3.4.8 Further questions....................................................................128 4 EPP-driven movement. A step aside ............................................. 131 4.1 Theoretical background ..........................................................132 4.1.1 EPP typology by Alexiadou and Anagnostopoulou (1998) .....133 4.1.2 T feature theory by Pesetsky and Torrego (2001, 2004a, b) ...137 4.1.3 Minimal generalization and revised EPP typology .................138 4.2 Two existing solutions and corpus data ..................................141 4.2.1 Russian and the Greek group in the EPP typology ..................142 4.2.2 Bailyn’s model of the Russian EPP ..........................................143 4.2.3 Verb movement ......................................................................145 4.2.4 Postverbal subjects..................................................................148 4.3 A new solution: EPP à l’anglaise..............................................151 4.3.1 Obligatory raising of external Nominative arguments...........151 4.3.2 Covert expletives and the Russian EPP ...................................153 4.3.3 Covert expletives in different languages ................................157 4.3.4 Obligatory movement of internal arguments.........................161 4.4 Subject properties of raised non-Nominative XPs ...................162 4.4.1 Anaphor binding: general questions ......................................164 4.4.2 Anaphor binding: non-Nominative XPs..................................166 4.4.3 Pronominals: general questions .............................................170 4.4.4 Pronominals: A vs. A' tests......................................................171 Appendix A. Binding and coreference questionnaire. .......................174 5 Scrambling. A bigger picture........................................................ 181 5.1 More on Russian scrambling ...................................................181 5.1.1 Indirect objects and argument PPs .........................................181 5.1.2 Adverbs...................................................................................184 5.1.3 OV orders in colloquial Russian..............................................188 Contents vii 5.1.4 Conclusion..............................................................................191 5.2 Experimental data...................................................................192 5.2.1 Brief overview of the experimental data ................................192 5.2.2 Scrambled vs. neutral word orders: previous studies ..............195 5.2.3 My experiment: method .........................................................198 5.2.4 My experiment: results ...........................................................203 5.2.5 My experiment: discussion .....................................................208 Appendix B. Experimental materials.................................................209 6 Conclusion...................................................................................... 221 Bibliography........................................................................................ 225 Samenvatting in het Nederlands ....................................................... 241 Curriculum vitae ................................................................................. 245 Acknowledgements While I was working on this thesis, I often dreamt of the moment when I would get to this part: when the manuscript would be written, the final stress would be gone and I would look back at this period of my life with pleasure, nostalgia and gratitude. Finally, this moment has come. The results of this work will be judged by the others, but I can definitely say that the process was enjoyable. So I am glad to complete it by remembering many wonderful people who have contributed to it in various ways. My first thanks go to my supervisors, Eric Reuland, Frank Wijnen and Tatiana Vladimirovna Chernigovskaya. I was enrolled in a joint PhD program, so Eric and Frank are from Utrecht institute of Linguistics, and Tatiana Vladimirovna is from St. Petersburg State University. Eric’s contribution to this dissertation is
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tagalog Support for Languagetool
    Tagalog Support for LanguageTool Nathaniel Oco Allan Borra De La Salle University - Manila De La Salle University - Manila 2401 Taft Avenue Malate, Manila City 2401 Taft Avenue Malate, Manila City 1004 Metro Manila, Philippines 1004 Metro manila, Philippines +639178477549 +639174591073 [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT 25, 2011, already includes Tagalog support. This paper outlines the different processes and issues involved in Aside from Tagalog, LanguageTool also supports Asturian, adding a Tagalog support for LanguageTool. LanguageTool is an Belarusian, Breton, Catalan, Chinese, Czech, Danish, Dutch, open-source rule-based style and grammar checker that English, Esperanto, French, Galician, Icelandic, Italian, Khmer, implements a manual-based rule-creation approach. Details of the Lithuanian, Malayalam, Polish, Russian, Slovak, Slovenian, different LanguageTool resources are discussed in this paper. The Spanish, Swedish, Ukrainian, and Romanian. different linguistic considerations, technical considerations, and language properties of Tagalog – that were captured and handled This paper aims to explain the processes and issues involved in – are also discussed and outlined. The system was tested using 50 adding a new language support – Tagalog support – for correct and 50 incorrect sentences collected from different LanguageTool. sources. LanguageTool processed the correct sentences in 53 milliseconds and the incorrect sentences in 80 milliseconds. The 2. GRAMMAR CHECKING Tagalog support scored 95.83% for precision, 46% for recall, and Grammar Checking is the process of detecting if there is error in 72% for accuracy. an input. Mark Johnson [Johnson, personal communication] added that grammar checking entails locating where the error is Categories and Subject Descriptors and notifying the user about the error.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nineteenth-Century Thomist from the Far East:
    The Nineteenth-Century Thomist from theF ar East: Cardinal Zeferino González, OP (1831–1894) Levine Andro H. Lao1 Center for Theology, Religious Studies and Ethics University of Santo Tomás, Manila, Philippines Abstract: In light of the celebration of the five centuries of Christianity in the Philippines, this article hopes to reintroduce Fr. Zeferino González, OP, to scholars of Church history, philosophy, and cultural heritage. He was an alumnus of the University of Santo Tomás, a Cardinal, and a champion of the revival of Catholic Philosophy that led to the promulgation of Leo XIII’s encyclical Aeterni Patris. Specifically, this essay presents, firstly, the Cardinal’s biography in the context of his experience as a missionary in the Philippines; secondly, the intellectual tradition in Santo Tomás in Manila, which he carried with him until his death; and lastly, some reasons for his once-radiant memory to slip into an undeserved forgetfulness. Keywords: Zeferino González, Thomism in Asia, Aeterni Patris, Christian Philosophy, History of Philosophy n the 1880s, the University of Santo Tomás had two grand celebrations that were associated with Fr. Zeferino González, OP (1831–1894). The first pompous festivity was held in 1880 when the University received Pope Leo XIII’s encyclical Aeterni Patris;2 the second was when Fray Zeferino (as how I1 Levine Andro Hernandez Lao can be contacted at [email protected]. He teaches at the Ecclesiastical Faculty of Philosophy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila. https://orcid.org/0000- 0002-1136-2432. This study was funded by the 2020 National Research Award given by the National Commission for Culture and Arts (Philippines).
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertations, Department of Linguistics
    UC Berkeley Dissertations, Department of Linguistics Title Reflexivization: A Study in Universal Syntax Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3sv079tk Author Faltz, Leonard M Publication Date 1977 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph end reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will finda good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap.
    [Show full text]
  • Phrase Structure and Grammatical Relations in Tagalog
    Phrase Structure and Grammatical Relations in Tagalog Paul R. Kroeger Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Linguistics Stanford University August, 1991 (Note: some corrections and other minor editorial changes are included in this version, but the list of references has unfortunately been lost.) Abstract This dissertation presents an analysis of Tagalog within the framework of Lexical-Functional Grammar. Tagalog is a non-configurational language in which the grammatical subject does not occupy a unique structural position. Nevertheless, the grammar of Tagalog makes crucial reference to the notion of grammatical subjecthood. This fact shows that grammatical subjecthood cannot be defined in terms of a specified position in surface phrase structure. More generally, the Tagalog data shows that grammatical relations must be defined independently of phrase structure, semantic structure and pragmatic functions, strongly supporting a conception of linguistic structure in which these various kinds of information are modeled as independent subsystems of the grammar. A large number of syntactic tests are presented which uniquely identify the nominative argument as the grammatical subject. It is argued that the apparent ambiguity of subjecthood properties in Tagalog is due to the Actor’s semantic and pragmatic prominence, together with the fact that non-subject Actors are always terms (non-oblique arguments) in Tagalog, unlike passive agents in English. Evidence is presented which shows that the nominative argument does not have the properties of a “topic”, as it is frequently analyzed, whether this concept is defined in terms of discourse continuity or pragmatic function. Crucial evidence for the non-configurationality of Tagalog comes from rules governing the co-reference of personal pronouns and the position of clitic elements.
    [Show full text]
  • Annotated Bibliographies; *Austro
    DOCUME T'RESUME ED 132 860 FL 008 262 .1UTHOR Johnson, Dora B.; And Others TITLE Languages of Southeast Asia and the Pacific. A'Survey of Materials for the Study of the Uncommonly Taught. Languages. INSTITUTION Center for Applied Linguis ics, Arlington, Va. SPONS AGENCY Office of Education (DHEW) Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 76 CONTRACT 300-75-0201 NOTE 73p. AVAILABLE FROMCenter for Applied Linguistics, 1611 North Kent Street, Arlington, Virginia 22209 ($3.95 each fascicle; complete set of 8, $26.50) EDRS PRICE MR-$0.83 HC-$3.50 Plus Postage._ DESCRIPTORS Adult Educacion; *Annotated Bibliographies; *Austro Asiatic Languages; Buriese; Cambodian; Dialects; Dictionaries; Indonesian; .*Indonesiin Languages; *Instructional Materials; -Language Instruction; Language Variation; Lao; Malay; Reading Materials; *Sino Tibetan Languages; Thai; *Uncommonly Taught Languages; Vietnamese IDENTIFIERS Burma; Cambodia; Indonesia; *Languages of the Pacific; Laos; Malaysia; Philippines; Thailand; _Vietnam ABSTRACT This is an annotated bibliography of basic tools of access for the study of the uncommonly taught languages of Southeast Asia and the Pacific. It is one of eight fascicles which constitute a .revision of "A Provisional Survey of Materials for the Study of the Neglected Languages" (CAL 1969). The emphasis is on materials for the adult whose native language is English. Languages are grouped according to the following classifications: Burma (and Yunnan Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand; Vietnam; Indonesia and Malaysia; Philippines; Languages of the Pacific. Under each language heading, the items are arranged as follows:(1) teaching materials; (2) readers;(3) gLammars; and (4) dictionaries. Annotations are descriptive rather than critical. Wherever possible each entry contains the following bibliographical information: author, title, place of publication, date, and pagination.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Juliana Reyes 11 December 2010 SECRETS of TAGALOG HEADLINES REVEALED!: an Examination of Tagalog Head- Line Grammar ABSTRACT
    Juliana Reyes 11 December 2010 SECRETS OF TAGALOG HEADLINES REVEALED!: An examination of Tagalog head- line grammar ABSTRACT “Award to Artist Who Gives Slums a Human Face” -- If we see that on a newspaper, we under- stand it despite the fact that it's not a grammatically correct phrase: it's missing articles and verbs, but we know how to read headlinese. We “speak” it. Armed with our native speaker knowledge of English headlinese, could we “speak” a different language's headlinese? Or would it be utterly foreign? Are there different rules to every kind of headlinese? This thesis investigates this ques- tion by identifying and describing certain features of the headlinese of Tagalog. I then compare Tagalog headlinese to that of English. I found that English and Tagalog share certain features, such as many kinds of ellipsis, or omissions, but differ when it comes to other features, like sen- tence inversion and tense usage. Tagalog seems to have a unique headline grammar, most nota- bly because of the complete syntactic shuffle seen in its headlinese: Tagalog, a VOS language, has headlines that almost always appeared in SVO form, much like headlines in English. 1. INTRODUCTION Headlines: they’re short, pithy, sometimes clever. They serve to summarize information and seduce the reader into jumping into the article (Bell 1991:189). A headline should also inform the reader quickly and accurately and/or pique a reader’s interest (Schneider 2000: 48). If that’s not enough, a headline must also conform to a certain register, one that differs from that of spo- ken or written, “neutral” English.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case System of Tagalog Verbs
    PACIFIC LINGUISTICS Senie� B - No. 21 THE CASE SYSTEM OF TAGALOG VERBS by Teresita V. Ramos Department of Linguistics Research School of Pacific Studies THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Ramos, T.V. The case system of Tagalog verbs. B-27, viii + 178 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1974. DOI:10.15144/PL-B27.cover ©1974 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. -------------------------------- PACIFIC LINGUISTICS is published by the Ling ui��ie CiAeie 06 CanbeAAa and consists of four series: SERIES A - OCCASI ONAL PAPERS SERIES B - MONOGRAPHS SERIES C - BOOKS SERIES V - SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS . ED ITOR: S.A. Wurm . ASSOCIATE EDITORS : D.C. Laycock , C.L. Voorhoeve. ALL CORRESPONDENCE concerning PACIFIC LINGUISTICS, including orders and su bscriptions, should be addressed to: The Secretary , PACIFIC LINGUISTICS, Department of Linguistics , School of Pacific Studies , The Australian National University , Canberra , A. C.T. 2600. Australia. Copyright (§) Teresita V. Ramos. First published 1974. The editors are indebted to the Australian National University for help in the production of this series. ' This publication was made possible by an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund. National Library of Australia card number and ISBN 0 85883 115 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT vi LIST OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS viii CH APTER I. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. The Tagalog Language 1 1. 2. Tagalog Linguistic Studies 1 1. 3. Theoretical Orientation 3 CHAPTER II. TAGALOG DEEP STRUCTURE CASES 15 2.1. The Use of Case in Philippine Studies 15 2.2.
    [Show full text]
  • A Bicolano-To-Tagalog Transfer-Based Machine Translation System
    International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-2S8, August 2019 A Bicolano-to-Tagalog Transfer-Based Machine Translation System Ria Ambrocio Sagum Abstract—The Bicolano-Tagalog Transfer-based Machine issue can be attributed to the reason why MT researchers Translation System is a unidirectional machine translator for opted to use statistical based MT systems. languages Bicolano and Tagalog. The transfer-based approach is In the development of MT system for dialects, a researcher divided into three phase: Pre-Processing Analysis, Morphological needs to consider different strategy [6][7]: whether Transfer, and Sentence Generation. The system analyze first the source language (Bicolano) input to create some internal translation from source language to target language takes representation. This includes the tokenizer, stemmer, POS tag and place in a single stage (direct translation), two stages (via an parser. Through transfer rules, it then typically manipulates this ‘interlingua’), or via the ‘transfer’ approach, where the internal representation to transfer parsed source language translation proceeds in the three stages [8][9][10]. syntactic structure into target language syntactic structure. The use of transfer-based approach does not require large Finally, the system generates Tagalog sentence from own amount of word aligned data for translation that is not easily morphological and syntactic information. Each phase will undergo training and evaluation test for the competence of available for Philippine dialects. In transfer-based machine end-results. Overall performance shows a 71.71% accuracy rate. translation, the text input is transformed into an abstract representation, and then its equivalent in the target language Keywords: Machine Translation, Transfer-based, POS tagging, is generated using bilingual dictionaries and grammar rules Morphological Transfer, language model, Language Translation.
    [Show full text]
  • Generative Approaches to Syntactic Typology George Gibbard
    Generative Approaches to Syntactic Typology George Gibbard Table of Contents Sec. Heading Page 0 Introduction 1 1 Introduction to Theoretical Issues in Syntactic Typology 4 1.1 Basic Word Order Typology 6 1.2 Subject, Object, Accusativity, Ergativity 10 1.3 Review 20 2 Syntactic Typology and Western Malayo-Polynesian Languages 23 3 Is Tagalog ergative? If not, what is it? 26 3.1 Case 27 3.2 Voice 28 3.2.1 Active 29 3.2.2 Transitive Passive 30 3.2.3 Intransitive Passive 33 3.3 Comparison of Tagalog and Acehnese 36 3.4 Review 37 3.5 Voicelessness 39 3.5.1 Existentials 40 3.5.2 "Recent past" 45 3.5.3 The meaning of "voicelessness" 47 3.6 Two Levels of Subject Assignment 50 3.7 Syntactic Status of Two Subjects 53 4 Syntactic Typology Revisited 59 5 Comparison between English and Tagalog 63 Bibliography 70 Generative Approaches to Syntactic Typology o. Introductionl This thesis aims to be a limited exploration of the field of syntactic typology, examining critically two different proposals that have been made for classifying languages in different subfields of syntax. It is my contention that neither of these widely accepted classifications is really workable, as both attempt to treat problems in one area of syntax independently of that area's interactions with other syntactic rules. I find that the treatment of any given area of syntax must generally be dependent on assumptions about the proper theoretical description of other areas of syntax, and thus that any typological theory with such limited scope is bound to fail.
    [Show full text]
  • Syntactic Features of Tagalog Verbs
    This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 68-11,933 KESS, Joseph Francis, 1942- SYNTACTIC FEATURES OF TAGALOG VERBS. University of Hawaii, Ph.D., 1967 Language and Literature, linguistics University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan ~ JOSEPH FRANCIS KESS 1968 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED SYNTACTIC FEATURES OF TAGALOG VERBS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT ,OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN LINGUISTICS SEPTEMBER 1967 By Joseph Francis Kess Dissertation Committee: Howard P. McKaughan, Chairman George W. Grace Byron W. Bender Donald M. Topping Norito Fujioka ABSTRACT Linguists have long faced the task of formulating comprehensive and yet accurate gr~mmars. Before such gram­ mars can be written for Philippine languages, certain basic features of verb structure must be investigated. This study investigates some of the syntactic features of Tagalog verbs e,s a step toward the formulation of a more compre­ hensive grammar than is currently available. The syntactic features as defined for this study are morphological, subcategorizational, and selectional. The first refers to the cooccurrence potential of verb stems with certain affixes which mark grammatial relations be­ tween the verb and its topic. The second set of features refers to cooccurrence restrictions between the verb and its various sentence complements. The third set of features refers to cooccurrence restrictions of a collocational nature between the verb and its complements. Thus, verbs are first examined for cooccurrence with a battery of nine affixes, which. mark four basic verbal construction types: Actor-focus, Goal-focus, Locative­ focus, and Implicative-focus.
    [Show full text]
  • A Legacy of the Propaganda: the Tripartite View of Philippine History by Dr
    A Legacy of the Propaganda: The Tripartite View of Philippine History by Dr. Zeus A. Salazar The broad division of most national histories in the Third World into: precolonial, colonial, and post-colonial has its equivalent in Philippine historiography and historical consciousness. The Filipino view, however, was worked out even before the Spaniards were driven out of the country. It was, in fact, a major weapon in the ideological armory of the Filipino struggle against the Spanish colonial regime. Elaborated during the Propaganda Movement, it became the historical worldview of the Revolution which was considered to be the final struggle to bring about the period of freedom from colonial bondage. Imbibed by Filipinos of today as part of the revolutionary heritage, it still dominates ordinary Filipino thinking about Philippine history and history as such. By inextricably attaching our people's history to the colonial phenomenon, it in fact still nourishes what has been called "colonial mentality" down to the very depths of the popular (and, to an extent, even professional) historical consciousness. During the Propaganda and the Revolution, however, this tripartite view of our national history had a positive effect on the burgeoning national psyche. Its power as an idée-force came from its being a highly emotive reaction against the Spanish bipartite view of Philippine history which had supplanted an earlier Filipino historical consciousness. The Indigenous and the Spanish Views We had, at the arrival of the Spaniards an indigenous sense
    [Show full text]
  • Flanagan Paul - Thesis - Input
    A Cross-Linguistic Investigation of the Order of Attributive Adjectives Paul James Flanagan A thesis submitted to the Department of English and History, Edge Hill University, in fulfilment of the EHU requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy March 2014 1 Contents: List of Figures and Tables …………………………………………………………………………………………… 4 List of Abbreviations …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6 Declaration …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8 Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9 Acknowledgements ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10 Chapter 1: Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 11 1.1 Poly-adjectival Nominal Phrases (PNPs) 1.2 Key Concepts and Theorists 1.3 Focus Languages 1.4 Structure of Thesis Chapter 2: The Adjective Class ………………………………………………………………………………....... 18 2.1 Identifying the Adjective Class 2.2 The Universality of the Adjectival Category 2.3 Cross-linguistic Variation in Property Concepts 2.4 The Syntax of Poly-adjectival Nominal Phrases 2.5 Summary Chapter 3: Research Design ………………………………………………………………………………………… 38 3.1 Research Questions, Aims and Outcomes 3.2 Methodology 3.3 Sampling 3.4 Ethical Considerations Chapter 4: The Adjective Class in English: Background ………………………………………………… 58 4.1 Identification and Morphosyntax 4.2 Subclassification into Functional/Semantic Sets 4.3 Ordering of Multiple Adjectives 4.4 Summary Chapter 5: English Data ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 85 5.1 The Questionnaire 5.2 Quantitative Results 5.3 Qualitative Data and Discussion 5.4
    [Show full text]