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Mountain Pine Beetle-Attacked Lodgepole Pine for Pulp and Papermaking

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Mountain Pine Beetle-Attacked Lodgepole Pine for Pulp and Papermaking Operational extractives management from- mountain pine beetle-attacked lodgepole pine for pulp and papermaking Larry Allen and Vic Uloth Mountain Pine Beetle Working Paper 2007-15 Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, 506 West Burnside Road, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5 (250) 363-0600 • cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/regions/pfc Natural Resources Ressources naturelles Canada Canada Canadian Forest Service canadien Service des forêts Operational extractives management from mountain pine beetle-attacked lodgepole pine for pulp and papermaking Larry Allen and Vic Uloth Mountain Pine Beetle Initiative W orking Paper 2007œ15 Paprican 3800 W esbrook Mall Vancouver, B.C. V6S 2L9 Mountain Pine Beetle Initiative PO # 8.43 Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest Service Pacific Forestry Centre 506 W est Burnside Road Victoria, British Columbia V8Z 1M5 Canada 2007 ≤ Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 2007 Printed in Canada Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Allen, Larry Operational extractives m anagem ent from m ountain pine beetle-attached lodgepole pine from pulp and paperm aking / Larry Allen and Vic Uloth. (Mountain Pine Beetle Initiative working paper 2007-15) "Mountain Pine Beetle Initiative, Canadian Forest Service". "MPBI Project # 8.43". "Paprican". Includes bibliographical references: p. Includes abstract in French. ISBN 978-0-662-46480-8 Cat. no.: Fo143-3/2007-15E 1. Pulping--British Colum bia--Quality control. 2. Pulping--Alberta--Quality control. 3. Paper m ills-- Econom ic aspects--British Colum bia. 4. Pulp m ills--Econom ic aspects--Alberta. 5. Lodgepole pine--Diseases and pests–Econom ic aspects. 6. Mountain pine beetle--Econom ic aspects. I. Uloth, Victor Charles, 1949- II. Pacific Forestry Centre III. Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada IV. Title. V. Series. SB945.M78A44 2007 676'.121 C2007-980173-0 - ii- Abstract This report addresses the impact of mountain pine beetle infestation on extractives in pulp and paper mills and their impact on process operation. The main concerns addressed include: extractives in pulp, pitch control, friction properties of paper, effluent treatment, and soap separation in the kraft chemical recovery system. In kraft mills, use of beetle-affected wood in the green and red stages did not cause a change in the normal amount of extractives across the mill (after unbleached washing) that is greater than the normal variability. For gray-stage wood, however, preliminary results suggest that the amount of extractives in the final pulp can be significantly higher. Because of the higher resin acid content of beetle-affected wood in green and red stages, good brownstock washing is especially important in kraft mills. High resin acid content in the wood results in an increased solubility of fatty and resin acids in black liquor and a decrease in soap recovery to zero in kraft mills using gray-stage wood. Use of beetle-affected wood in thermo- mechanical pulping (TMP) pulp and paper mills did not seem to cause significant changes in the normal amounts of extractives and their chemical composition across the mill. Use of a pitch dispersant for pulping of green- and red-stage beetle-affected wood to prevent plugging of grooves in refiner plates may be necessary. The friction properties of newsprint made from beetle-affected wood were within the normal range for newsprint. Effluent treatment plants in TMP pulp and paper mills successfully reduced the extractives of effluents during use of beetle-affected wood to near-zero values. In the kraft mill using gray stage infested wood, the resin acid concentration in the final effluent was high. Keywords: Mountain pine beetle, lodgepole pine, wood extractives, extractives, pitch, fatty acids, resin acids, sterols, sterol esters, triglycerides, pitch control, pulp and paper processing, kraft mills, TMP, paper mills, effluent management, soap, soap recovery, tall oil, friction, paper friction, coefficient of friction Résumé Le présent rapport porte sur l‘incidence de l‘infestation du dendroctone du pin ponderosa sur les matières extractibles du bois dans les usines de pâtes et papiers et son incidence sur le fonctionnement du processus de fabrication. Les principales préoccupations soulevées dans le présent document comprennent : les matières extractibles dans la pâte, le contrôle de la poix, les propriétés de friction du papier, le traitement des effluents, et la séparation du savon dans la récupération des produits chimiques du processus kraft. Dans les usines de pâtes kraft, l‘utilisation du bois infesté aux stades vert et rouge n‘a pas provoqué de changement dans la quantité normale de matières extractibles dans l‘usine (après lavage de la pâte écrue) supérieur à la variabilité habituelle. Cependant, dans le cas du bois au stade gris, les résultats préliminaires laissent entendre que la quantité de matières extractibles dans la pâte finale peut être beaucoup plus élevée. En raison de la plus forte teneur en acide résinique du bois infesté aux stades vert et rouge, un bon lavage de la pâte brune est particulièrement important dans les usines de pâte kraft. La forte teneur en acide résinique dans le bois entraîne une solubilité accrue d‘acides gras et résiniques dans la liqueur résiduaire et une récupération du savon pratiquement nulle dans les usines de pâte kraft utilisant du bois au stage gris. L‘utilisation de bois infesté dans les usines de pâtes et papiers fabriquant des pâtes thermomécaniques (TMP) n‘a pas semblé provoquer de changements importants dans les quantités habituelles de matières extractibles et dans la composition chimique dans l‘usine. L‘utilisation d‘un dispersant peut s‘avérer nécessaire lors de la désintégration du bois infesté aux stades vert et rouge dans le but de prévenir le bourrage des rainures des plaques du raffineur. Les propriétés de friction du papier journal fait à partir de bois infesté sont restées dans la norme pour le papier journal. Le traitement des effluents des usines de pâte et papiers fabriquant des pâtes thermomécaniques a réussi avec succès à réduire les quantités de matières extractibles dans les effluents lors de l‘utilisation de bois infesté pour les ramener à des valeurs tout près de zéro. Par contre, pour l‘usine kraft utilisant du bois infesté au stade gris, la concentration d‘acides résiniques dans l‘effluent final était élevée. M ots-clés : Dendroctone du pin ponderosa, pin tordu, matières extractibles du bois, matières extractibles, poix, acides gras, acides résiniques, stérols, stérols estérifiés, triglycérides, contrôle de la poix, transformation de la pâte et du papier, usines de pâte kraft, TMP, usines de papier, gestion des effluents, savon, récupération du savon, tallöl, friction, friction du papier, coefficient de friction - iii- - iv- Contents Abstract........................................................................................................................................................ iii Résumé iii 1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Extractives and their significance....................................................................................... 1 1.2 Tall oil soap recovery ......................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Effect of soap on evaporator scaling rates.......................................................................... 2 1.4 Effect of soap on recovery boiler operation and capacity .................................................. 2 1.5 Factors affecting soap solubility and recovery ................................................................... 3 1.6 Effect of pulping mountain pine beetle-affected wood on soap recovery .......................... 3 2 Material and methods........................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Mills actively involved in the project ................................................................................. 3 2.2 Extractives analysis protocols ............................................................................................ 4 2.3 Extractives profiling........................................................................................................... 7 2.4 Analysis and reporting........................................................................................................ 8 2.5 Tall oil soap recovery ......................................................................................................... 8 3 Results and discussion ....................................................................................................................... 10 3.1 Acetone extractives at key points in the process .............................................................. 10 3.2 Composition of acetone extractives in mills..................................................................... 13 3.3 Composition of acetone extractives in sewered waters .................................................... 18 3.4 Coefficient of friction (COF) in paper samples................................................................ 22 3.5 Tall oil soap recovery ....................................................................................................... 22 3.7 Effect of soap on black liquor properties.......................................................................... 32 4 Conclusions.......................................................................................................................................
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