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RMIT Classification: Trusted RMIT Classification: Trusted Appendix A. Commercially available dry sanitation systems for houses and public facilities. Company Capacity Automatic Electric Model Webpage /manual BioLan or 200 L (Populett) Manual Both With/without urine diversion http://www.biolan.fi/english/default Naturum Biolan Populett 200 (tourist destinations) .asp?active_page_id=1 (Finland) BioLet (US) 3–4 people Both Both, solar Self-contained and central http://biolet.com (residential) fan Ez-loo Bio-Lux Up to 200 Manual, heat Electric Eco-Bio Toilet http://www.seiwa-denko.co.jp/ (Japan) times/day and sawdust by electricity Clivus Multrum CM40: 40K Semi- Both/solar Self-contained, central, foam flush, grey http://www.clivusmultrum.com.au/ visits automatic powered water http://www.clivusmultrum.com.au/product- CM20: 20K range#!/Commercial/c/20728119/offset=0&sort=nameAsc visits Eco Ethic 3–4 people full Both Both Waterless http://www.ecoethic.ca/ (Canada) time use MullToa 10, 25, 55, 65 (Clivus Multrum) Eco Flo Different Both Both Different models but for residential use http://www.ecoflo.net.au/ (distributor in Sun-Mar Centrex and Kazuba for Australia) outdoors Eco Toilets (NZ) 5 people Automatic Non- Urine separating, central, low flush: http://wctnz.co.nz/ electric African sanitation, Air head, Clivus Multrum, Eco Let 240 XL(Residential) Eco John (US) 10 people Manual Non- Composting and incinerating http://ecojohn.com/ electric Eco Tech (Sun 6 people Manual Electric fan Urine separating http://ecotechproducts.net/ Mar) A few months Ekolet (Finish) 1–7 people/year Automatic Electric Multi-chambered http://ekolet.com/ Envirolet 16 people Both Both Double tank http://www.envirolet.com/ (US) Enviropro 80 uses/cycle Separates Non- Nature’s head http://www.enviropro.com.au/ urine electric Centrex 2000 (biodrum) Green toilet 2–4 people No ventilation Electric Privetti-freezing toilet http://www.pikkuvihrea.fi/fi/ (biolan) needed Incinerating toilet (Finland) Nature loo 6 people Manual and Electric Classic 650, Classic 750, Nature Loo mini http://www.nature-loo.com.au/main/ electric Nature loo Excelet: (All residential) Phoenix 2–8 people Manual Solar and Central systems, dry systems http://www.compostingtoilet.com/ (US) Electric Rota Loo 4–8 people Manual Non- Multi-chambered. RL650 http://www.rotaloo.com.au/ electric RL950, Maxi2000 (remote parks) [email protected] Terra Nova 40/day Maintenance Electricity Self-contained, central. Modified version http://www.berger-biotechnik.com/compost -toilets /- (Germany) once/month for fan of the Clivus multrum terranova-grp/index.php 1 RMIT Classification: Trusted Separette Villa Unlimited user Automatic Both Urine diverting http://www.separett-usa.com/ (x-runner) Maintenance/ Incinerating http://www.abetterwaytogo.com.au/ week https://vimeo.com/user14047737 Sun-Mar 8 people --- Both Self-contained, central unit http://www.sun-mar.com/ 2 RMIT Classification: Trusted Appendix B. Commercially available dry sanitation systems intended for remote areas without access to water or electricity; they are also intended for large capacities. Characteristics Photo Make of system: Biolan (Finland), Populett 300 (largest) Type of system: urine separating, non-Electric, for cold climates. Sizes/use per day: approx. 25 uses /day, approx. 10,000 uses per year. Capacity: Populett 200 and 300: 200 and 300 Litres, Dimensions: 89 x 93.5 x 55 cm (w,h,d). Uses until clean out required: approx. 10,000 uses. Once the tank is full (approx. once a year), it can be replaced with another tank. Emptying the tank should be done with shovelling, turning the body of the toilet upside down or with a waste truck. The liquid canister should also be emptied at least once a year. Power requirements: non-electric. Bulking agent addition: Ideally, 0.2 to 0.5 litres of Biolan compost and bulking agent must be added every time after use. Operational detail: Before use, place a layer about 5 cm thick of Biolan compost and toilet bulking material onto the intermediate bottom of the Biolan Populett to prevent the liquid separation system from getting clogged. Ventilation of the Biolan Populett is controlled by means of the disc valve in the seat top. Also, a gravel bed may be needed for the seep liquid. The bed should be covered by film-faced plywood or a concreted bottom structure. There should be enough space for the maintenance access route behind the toilet and for the post-composting procedure. Operational constraints: The toilet waste freezes in frost. Freezing damages neither the unit nor the compost mass. Decomposition of the compost mass will continue when the air temperature rises. The capacity of the toilet can be increased by utilizing the urine- separating functionality of the Populett. The liquid tank should be emptied in the autumn. Its filling level needs to be monitored to prevent it from cracking due to freezing. Disposal of waste: The compost is removed and placed nearby. Emptying can be done by shovelling, turning the toilet upside down, or tipping it with a truck. The liquid can be used as fertilizer for ornamental plants, or as a source of nitrogen for another compost. The liquid can be diluted 1:5. Recommended storing time is approximately one year. Maintenance and operational guidance: Ideally, 0.2 to 0.5 litres of Biolan compost and bulking agent must be added every time after use. Mixing of the compost is required ideally every 10–15 times of use. This is done with the compost mixer, which should be left in its lower position in the ventilation pipe. The thermal seat can be cleaned with any domestic cleaning agents. There is no need to wash the toilet after emptying. http://www.biolan.fi/english/default4.asp?active_page_id=651 Installation: A gravel bed is needed. The bed should be covered by film-faced plywood or a concreted bottom structure. Hazards during service: There are no hazards during service since it only requires the addition of the bulking agent. The storage tank can be easily replaced once it is full; let the full container compost further, if necessary. Emptying of the container should be done after a minimum of 12 months to prevent microbiological risks. Lack of maintenance risks: The lack of maintenance prevents the composting process from taking place, producing a bad smell and preventing the removal of potential microbiological pathogens. It is very important to always add bulking material and to make 3 RMIT Classification: Trusted sure that ventilation is working and that the liquid is separated. Make of system: Phoenix (US), Model PF-201: 350 litres (largest) Type of system: mixing device, electric and solar, for hot climates. Sizes/use per day: annual capacity at 23ºC: 36,000. 100 uses/day during summer, 50 uses/day in fall and 25 uses/ day in winter. 350-litre tank. Dimensions: 102 x 213 x 157.5 cm (w,h,d). Uses till clean out is required: Approx. 36,000 if 100 uses/day. 72,000 uses if 50 uses/day until clean out. Power requirements: electric and solar. Photovoltaic system available. Bulking agent addition: white wood shavings at least every few hundred uses. Operational detail: Inoculum is sprayed on top of the compost pile with a programmable automatic liquid spray system. The Phoenix also includes rotating tines (forks) to mix the bulking material. Excess liquid is drained to leachate or contained in an evaporation holding tank. Ventilation is provided by a 5-watt direct current fan. Air baffles provide aeration. Finished compost is removed through the lower access door. Liquid is separated from solids. The tank must rest upon a smooth, level, flat surface. There must be convenient access and adequate space in front of the Phoenix for maintenance. Ideally, the basement should have a nearby door in front of the Phoenix so that composted material can be shovelled directly into a wheelbarrow or another container. Operational constraints: Sunlight is required, consistently cold conditions result in unhealthy and unpleasant maintenance. Disposal of waste: Removal of compost every 2 years. Liquid: ground disposal on site, off-site disposal with a holding tank and evaporation on-site. A second evaporation system could be installed (only in hot climates). Maintenance and operational guidance: Frequent, thorough maintenance is required: spraying liquid, adding bulking material and mixing the compost pile. Inoculum is sprayed on top of the compost pile with a programmable automatic liquid spray system. The mixing should be done every 500 uses. Bulking agent addition should be done at least every few hundred uses. http://www.compostingtoilet.com/?page_id=427 Installation: Clearance is required. Hazards during service: There are no hazards during service since the inoculum is sprayed automatically. Emptying the container should be done after a minimum of 12 months to allow the composting process to occur and remove the microbiological pathogens. Gloves and mouth covers should be worn when emptying the container. Lack of maintenance risks: Not maintaining the Phoenix will lead to the compost filling up past the top maintenance door and clogging the fan. The fan will most likely burn out. If wood shavings are not added during this time, sludge will occur and leak out the top maintenance door. The Phoenix will not need to be replaced, but it will take a large effort to get it working again. 4 RMIT Classification: Trusted Make of system: EnviroLet (Canada/ S), Model: Envirolet Waterless remote system (largest) for cold climates. Type of system: non-electric, waterless. Sizes/use per day: 12-18 uses /day. Dimensions: 63.5 W x 72.39 L x 83.82 H cm (w,h,d). (25" W x 33" L x 28.5" H) Uses till clean out is required: Approx. 2190 uses (around 6 months) when used 12 uses /day. It is emptied by using the built-in Rake bar (bottom bar).
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