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INTELLECTUAL RESPONSES to the ESTABLISHMENT of MATAN CENDEKIAWAN MUSLM INDONESIA (KMI) 1990-1995 Institute of Islamic Studies Mc

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INTELLECTUAL RESPONSES to the ESTABLISHMENT of MATAN CENDEKIAWAN MUSLM INDONESIA (KMI) 1990-1995 Institute of Islamic Studies Mc INTELLECTUAL RESPONSES TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF MATAN CENDEKIAWAN MUSLM INDONESIA (KMI) 1990-1995 Fuadi Mardatillah A Thesis Subrnitted tothe Graduate Faculty of Arts and Science in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Institute of Islamic Studies McGill University Montreal 1997 National Library Bibliothèque nationale u*m of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395. nie Wellington OttawaON KIAON4 Ottawa ON KIA ON4 Canada Canada Your fiia Votre relerence Our lVe Notre refdrenca The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence dowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microfo~m, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or othewise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. Title of Thesis : The Intellectual Responses to the Establishment of Xkatan Cendekiawan Muslim Indonesia, 1990- 1995 shaken the Indonesian political scene, discussion of the relation and affinity between Islam and the state once again came to the fore. The controversy surrounding KM'S establishment revolved around two basic questions, namely, whet her it was a polit ical @ maneuver by the New Order govemment, or a true manifestation of the Muslim community's aspirations. The resulting situation prompted a large number of responses fiom people of various backgrounds. Support, opposition and neutrality towards KM1 arose during its five year existence (1990-1995). These responses took cognizance of the hidden motives behind the New Order's political support of the organization, as well as the govemment 's new appreciation and accommodation of Islam and Muslim demands. The present thesis will thus note, evaiuate and analyze these responses in light of the specific context surrounding ICMI's establishment, as well as the numerous analyses extended by various political observers. The thesis will dso seek to explain why ICMI became a phenomenon welcomed by most Indonesian Muslims. - - . Auteur : Fuadi Mardatillah Titre du mémoire : Les réponses inteilectuelles à l'établissement du Ikatan Cendekiawan Muslim Indonesia, Département : Institut des Études Islamiques Diplôme : Meseès Arts .- .. - - - . Depuis la création, le 6 décembre 1990, du Ikatan Cendekiawan Muslim hdonesia (ICMI, Association Intellectuelle Musulmane Indonésienne), un évènement qui a bouleversé la scène politique indonésienne, les discussions portant sur les relations et les affinités entre l'Islam et l'état sont à nouveau mises de l'avant. La controverse entourant la création du KM1 s'est développée à partir de deux questions fondamentales, c'est-à- dire si c'était une maneuvre orchestrée par le gouvernement de l'Ordre Nouveau ou encore une manifestation authentique des aspirations de la communauté musulmane. Le résultat de cette situation a suscité un nombre important de réponses diverses de la part d'individus issus de divers milieux. Le soutien, l'opposition et la neutralité à l'égard de l'ICA41 a surgi pendant ses cinq années d'existence. De ces réponses, ont pu être perçus des motifs cachés derrière le soutien politique de l'organisation par l'Ordre Nouveau de même que les considérations et les compromis du gouvernement à l'égard de 1'Islam et des revendications musulmanes. Ce présent mémoire va donc noter, évaluer et analyser ces réponses en considérant le contexte spécifique entourant la création du ICEle, de même que les nombreuse analyses élaborées par les observateurs politiques. Ce mémoire va aussi tenter d'expliquer pourquoi le ICMI est devenu un phénomène bien accueilli par la plupart des musulmans indonésiens. A&tmdulillah, my boundless thanks go to the Omniscient and the Omnipotent God who is the Creator of dl beings. Without the guidance, help, power and health continuously bestowed upon me by Him, this thesis would never have existed. Greetings and praise are dso due to the Holy Prophets, who were selected by the Lord for the guidance of humankind, especially the Prophet of Islam Mu&immad (pbuh), his successors and the guardians of the humane school of Islam. Jn principle, it is true that every work of scholarship is actually the product of many people's efforts, whether they had been directly or indirectly involved in the process. My thesis has of course benefited fiom the generosity of many people, whose assistance, criticism, advice and moral support have made it a reality. Alas, it would be impossible for me to mention everyone by name. However, I would like express my deep gratitude to my thesis supervisor, Professor Howard M. Federspiel, who has offered heipful materials for rny study, and supervised and criticized my thesis with patience and emdition. My sincere thanks also go to my academic advisor, Professor Eric L. Omisby, who has kindly given me academic advice during my two years of study at the hstitute. Further, I would like to thank DTS. H. Abdul Fatta, the former rector of MIN Arranhy (Banda Aceh, Indonesia), who generously provided me with material and spiritual support. I also wish to extend my thanks to Dr. H. Safwan Idris, MA, the present rector of lAIN Arraniry. Special thanks are also due to Professor A. Uner Turgay, Director of the hstitute of Islamic Studies, McGiLl University, who is very generous with his the, academic advice and close attention. My best fiiends Bang lwan Basn and Qusyain Ni, Arnim1 Hadi, Hamdiah Lathif, Syarwan Ahmad and my roomate Suprayetno Wagiman and Iskandar Arnel, must also be rnentioned here for the great suppoa they offered me. I am also îndebted to the Indonesian Minister of Religious A£îaKs (Mora) and the Canadian international Development Agency (CIDA), in particular to its staff Wendy Allen, Joanna Gacek, Lorry Novak, and Suzy Riccardelli, for the scholarship I received to study at McGiil University. My thanks also go to Salwa Ferahian and Wayne St. Thomas of the Islamic Studies Library for theîr help. Special thanks go to my fiends: Yasmine Badr, Reem Meshd, Asaad Shaker and Paula Joiin, who have greatly helped me in editing my thesis. Finally, this thesis could not have been completed without the consistent moral support of my loving wife, Mursyidah Manaf, her love, patience, encouragement, and willingness to look afier our four beloved children: Fathul Izzatillah; Maammad Altaf Waliyul Islam; Maammad Rausanfikra Mujahidillah; and Bimil Aufa Inayiitillah, during my two years of study in Montreal, Canada. Montreal, May, 1997 FM The system of transliteration of Arabic words and names applied in this thesis is that used by the Institute of Islarnic Studies. McGill University. Indoneian tems are wrïtten according to Ejaan Baru Yang Disempurnakan (EYD), but persona1 narnes and the titles of books and articles are rendered according to the original spellings. J Short vowels : - = a, fathah; .= i. kasrah; - = u, &muna - Long vowels : I, ,= a; -=IF3=u Diphthongs : -l= ay: .I= au TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ...........................................................................................-............................. ii Resume.............. ... ................................................................................................... iii Transliteration.............................................................................................................. vii Table of Contents........... ... ....................................................................................... viii Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 Chapter One : Indonesian Islam Under the New Order: The Paradigrnatical Transformation of MusIim htellectuals' Struggling Modes ............ 4 Chapter Two : The Establishment of Ikatan Cendekiawan Muslim Indonesia (The Indonesian Muslim Int ellectuals' Association)............ .... .. 32 A . Historical Background................................................................... 35 B . The Organizational Purposes....................... .. ............................. 46 Chapter Three: The Responses to ICMI's Existence and the Andysis...................... 60 A . RefIections on the Reawakening of Indonesian Muslim htellectuals ................................................... 60 B . Responses to ICMI's Establishment ................................................ 66 1. Favorable Responses: Indonesian Islamic Revivalisrn.......... 71 2 . Opposing Ideas: Sectarianism and Co-optation .................... 86 3. Neutral Ideas: Wait and See.................................................. 92 Chapter Four : Conclusion ............................................................................................ 98 Bibliography.............................................................................................................. 104 viii The Muslim consciousness of the universal scope of their religion, of Islam as a link between thought and ôction, has reached a point
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