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The Burial of the Urban Poor in Italy in the Late Republic and Early Empire
Death, disposal and the destitute: The burial of the urban poor in Italy in the late Republic and early Empire Emma-Jayne Graham Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Archaeology University of Sheffield December 2004 IMAGING SERVICES NORTH Boston Spa, Wetherby West Yorkshire, LS23 7BQ www.bl.uk The following have been excluded from this digital copy at the request of the university: Fig 12 on page 24 Fig 16 on page 61 Fig 24 on page 162 Fig 25 on page 163 Fig 26 on page 164 Fig 28 on page 168 Fig 30on page 170 Fig 31 on page 173 Abstract Recent studies of Roman funerary practices have demonstrated that these activities were a vital component of urban social and religious processes. These investigations have, however, largely privileged the importance of these activities to the upper levels of society. Attempts to examine the responses of the lower classes to death, and its consequent demands for disposal and commemoration, have focused on the activities of freedmen and slaves anxious to establish or maintain their social position. The free poor, living on the edge of subsistence, are often disregarded and believed to have been unceremoniously discarded within anonymous mass graves (puticuli) such as those discovered at Rome by Lanciani in the late nineteenth century. This thesis re-examines the archaeological and historical evidence for the funerary practices of the urban poor in Italy within their appropriate social, legal and religious context. The thesis attempts to demonstrate that the desire for commemoration and the need to provide legitimate burial were strong at all social levels and linked to several factors common to all social strata. -
The Via Appia Southwards to Via Di Tor Carbone
The Via Appia southwards to via di Tor Carbone Via Appia Antica The Appian Way up to via di Tor Carbone has a timeless feel, which still amazes visitors today as it did in the past. Southwards, after the Capo di Bove Complex, you come to one of the most evocative stretches of the ancient Roman road. The monuments lining this stretch of the road are the result of the restoration work carried out by the architect Luigi Canina, in the mid-19th century, commissioned by the papal POI Distance government, who created an “open-air museum”. Canina created walls near the ruined 21 2.23 Km monuments, incorporating fragments of sculptures, reliefs and inscriptions found littered in the countryside, forming an evocative and uninterrupted sequence of ancient remains, against the natural backdrop of centuries-old pine trees. Poi 1 The Via Appia Antica 2 Capo di Bove Site - Cederna Archive 3 Tower Tomb 4 Tomb of the Equinoxes Scan the QrCode to access the navigable 5 The "flint core" tomb mobile version of the itinerary 6 Casale Torlonia 7 The Cecchignola Water Tower 8 The Appia Fort 9 High relief with a male figure 10 Tomb of Servilius Quartus 11 Tomb of Seneca 12 The Round Tomb 13 Tomb of the children of Sextus Pompey 14 Tomb of St. Urban 15 Doric Tomb - Tomb of Hilarus Fuscus - Tomb of Gens Licinia 16 The Horseshoe Columbarium 17 Tomb of Tiberius Claudius Secundus Philippianus 18 Temple-shaped tomb 19 Tomb of Rabirii 20 Tombs of the Garlands and Tombs the Frontspiece 21 Via Appia Antica – Tor Carbone (South) Poi 1 The Via Appia Antica Roma / Place to visit - Ancient streets The long story of the Via Appia unfolds in space and time. -
The Via Appia, from Via Di Tor Carbone to Capo Di Bove
The Via Appia, from Via di Tor Carbone to Capo di Bove Via Appia Antica This itinerary runs between the 5th and 4th milestones of the Appian Way, from the junction with Via di Tor Carbone to the complex of Capo di Bove. This is one of the most evocative sections of the ancient road, the result of the restoration of many archaeological remains by the architect Luigi Canina, in the mid-19th century, as part of a grandiose renovation project spearheaded by the pope. In what is, to all intents and purposes, a magnificent open-air museum, you can admire POI Distance numerous tombs, statues, inscriptions and architectures carefully restored by Canina, in an 18 2.07 Km attempt to restore the road to a part, at least, of its ancient splendour, highlighting its historical and archaeological importance. Unlike in other areas of the Roman countryside, here the names of most of the owners of the tombs lining the road are known: Marcus Servilius Quartus, Hilarus Fuscus, the sons of Poi Sextus Pompeius Justus, Tiberius Claudius Philippianus, Quintus Apuleius, the Licinii and Rabirii families. Lacking the name of the owners, the tombs are imaginatively called based on 1 Tombs of the Garlands certain architectural features, such as the Doric tomb, the tomb of the Garlands and of the and Tombs the Frontispiece. Frontspiece Walking along this section of the Way you really do feel that you are retracing the steps of the 2 Tomb of Rabirii 3 Tomb of Tiberius many people, armies and popes who passed here through the centuries, like pope Pius IX, Claudius Secundus who stayed at the Torlonia farmhouse nearby on his way back from Terracina, which even Philippianus features a plaque commemorating the first telegraph transmission experiments conducted 4 The Horseshoe here. -
Seutonius: Lives of the Twelve Caesars 1
Seutonius: Lives of the Twelve Caesars 1 application on behalf of his friend to the emperor THE LIVES OF THE TWELVE CAESARS Trajan, for a mark of favor, he speaks of him as "a By C. Suetonius Tranquillus most excellent, honorable, and learned man, whom he had the pleasure of entertaining under The Translation of Alexander Thomson, M.D. his own roof, and with whom the nearer he was brought into communion, the more he loved Revised and corrected by T. Forester, Esq., A.M. 1 him." CAIUS JULIUS CAESAR. ................................................. 2 The plan adopted by Suetonius in his Lives of the Twelve Caesars, led him to be more diffuse on OCTAVIUS CAESAR AUGUSTUS. .................................. 38 their personal conduct and habits than on public TIBERIUS NERO CAESAR. ............................................ 98 events. He writes Memoirs rather than History. CAIUS CAESAR CALIGULA. ........................................ 126 He neither dwells on the civil wars which sealed TIBERIUS CLAUDIUS DRUSUS CAESAR. ..................... 146 the fall of the Republic, nor on the military NERO CLAUDIUS CAESAR. ........................................ 165 expeditions which extended the frontiers of the SERGIUS SULPICIUS GALBA. ..................................... 194 empire; nor does he attempt to develop the causes of the great political changes which A. SALVIUS OTHO. .................................................... 201 marked the period of which he treats. AULUS VITELLIUS. ..................................................... 206 When we stop to gaze in a museum or gallery on T. FLAVIUS VESPASIANUS AUGUSTUS. ..................... 212 the antique busts of the Caesars, we perhaps TITUS FLAVIUS VESPASIANUS AUGUSTUS. ............... 222 endeavor to trace in their sculptured TITUS FLAVIUS DOMITIANUS. .................................. 229 physiognomy the characteristics of those princes, who, for good or evil, were in their times masters of the destinies of a large portion of the PREFACE human race. -
CPR Newsletter Issue 7Full
CONFRATERNITY OF PILGRIMS TO ROME NEWSLETTER August 2009 No. 7 Contents 3 Editorial Alison Raju Chris George 4 Why me? Chris George 6 Rome for the modern pilgrim, 4: the Christianisation of Rome – churches built between Constantine’s move to the east and the fall of Rome in 410. Howard Nelson 25 Notes from a Pilgtim in England Jim Peele 26 The final stage of the Via Francigena into Rome from the south along the Appian Way Alberto Alberti 29 Santiago to Rome via Lourdes – reprise Ann Milner 36 Book Reviews William Marques Ann Milner 38 Letter to the Editor William Marques 39 Secretary's Notebook Bronwyn Marques Editorial This is the seventh issue of the Confraternity of Pilgrims to Rome's Newsletter. There are five articles, two book reviews, one Letter to the Editor and the section entitled “Secretary's Notebook,” containing short items of information likely to be of interest to our members. For technical reasons it has not been possible to include the customary list of additions to the CPR library but this will be rectified in the December issue. Chris George, asking “Why me?”, writes about writes about the gift of friendship, hospitality and unmerited kindness that pilgrims can experience along their way. Howard Nelson resumes his series of articles exploring the extraordinary richness that Rome presents to the modern pilgrim, with the fourth one dealing with the Christianisation of Rome and the churches built between Constantine’s move to the east and the fall of Rome in 410. Jim Peele tells us briefly about his walk not from but towards Canterbury, Alberto Alberti describes the final stage of the Via Francigena into Rome from the south along the Appian Way while Ann Milner writes about a re-exploration of part of the Pyrenean section her journey from Santiago to Rome via Lourdes. -
Appius Claudius Caecus 'The Blind'
Appius Claudius Caecus ‘The Blind’ Faber est quisquis suae fortunae (‘Every man is architect of his own fortune’) Appius Claudius Caecus came from the Claudian gens, a prime patrician family that could trace its ancestors as far back as the decemvirs who authored Rome’s first laws (the Twelve Tables) in the mid-fifth century BC. Although many Roman families could boast successful ancestors, Appius Claudius Caecus has the distinction of being one the first characters in Roman history for whom a substantial array of material evidence survives: a road, an aqueduct, a temple and at least one inscription. His character and his nickname Caecus, ‘The Blind’, are also explained in historical sources. Livy (History of Rome 9.29) claims he was struck down by the gods for giving responsibilities of worship to temple servants, rather than the traditional family members, at the Temple of Hercules. Perhaps a more credible explanation is offered by Diodorus Siculus (20.36), who suggests that Appius Claudius said he was blind and stayed at home to avoid reprisals from the Senate after his time in office. In that case, his name was clearly coined in jest, as is often the case with cognomen. Appius Claudius Caecus, whether or not he was actually blind, is an illuminating case study in the ways that varying types of evidence (literature, inscriptions and archaeology) can be used together to recreate history. His succession of offices, not quite the typical progression of the cursus honorum, records a man who enjoyed the epitome of a successful career in Roman politics (Slide 1). -
Università Di Roma Dipartimento Di Storia, Disegno E Restauro Dell'architettura Piazza Borghese N. 9
“Sapienza” Università di Roma Dipartimento di Storia, Disegno e Restauro dell’Architettura Piazza Borghese n. 9 – 00186 Roma DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN “STORIA E RESTAURO DELL’ARCHITETTURA” Coordinatore: Prof. Augusto ROCA DE AMICIS XXVI Ciclo – Sez. A – STORIA DELL’ARCHITETTURA Tutor: Prof.ssa Annarosa CERUTTI FUSCO (Storia dell’Architettura) Cotutor: Prof.ssa Emanuela CHIAVONI (Disegno e Rilievo dell’Architettura) Dott.ssa Alberta CAMPITELLI (Ville e Parchi Storici – Comune di Roma) Prof. Marcello FAGIOLO (Storia dell’Architettura) Dottorando: Claudio IMPIGLIA IL PRINCIPE GIOVANNI TORLONIA (1873-1938) E IL CULTO DEL PITTORESCO Architetture e paesaggi d’acque nella tenuta di Porto a Fiumicino ABBREVIAZIONI DEI NOMI DEGLI ARCHIVI ASC : Archivio Storico Capitolino ACS : Archivio Centrale dello Stato all’Eur ASR : Archivio di Stato di Roma ASCP : Archivio Sforza Cesarini di Porto a Fiumicino ASSR : Archivio Storico del Senato della Repubblica BSR : British School at Rome ABBREVIAZIONI DEI TERMINI ARCHIVISTICI b. : busta fasc. : fascicolo s.fasc. : sottofascicolo ins. : inserto ABBREVIAZIONI DEI NOMI DELLE PERSONE G.T.S. : Giovanni Torlonia Senior A.T. : Alessandro Torlonia G.T. : Giovanni Torlonia del ramo Borghese Sommario PREMESSA Il culto del Pittoresco tra ritorni al passato e “prove” di modernità 1 CAPITOLO 1 Una committenza e un “caleidoscopio” di architetture e paesaggi 1.1 Strategie territoriali, urbane e architettoniche della famiglia Torlonia 13 Illustrazioni al paragrafo 29 1.2 I Torlonia e i fragili “Teatri della Propaganda” 37 -
The Destruction of Ancient Rome : a Sketch of the History of the Monuments
: THE DESTRUGTION OF ANCIENT ROME LANCJANl V1665., BY PURCHASE. DISCARD TOWN LIBRARY LANCASTER, MASS. /.B.CLARKE f&antj books of &rd)3cologtj ano Antiquities THE DESTRUCTION OF ANCIENT ROME o I I .5 S all 1 1 ?- P -n :..? i H i ?<- ,-V ':, ' = -/'<>' -. 4l -- --*- <i^ 1 > . i, -f' NM|i ,;^>;, >^n ^M/^ \A V> V> */i &, d K /. THE DESTRUCTION OF ANCIENT HOME A SKETCH OF THE HISTORY OF THE MONUMENTS BY RODOLFO LANCIANI D.C.L. OXFORD, LL.D. HARVARD PROFESSOR OF ANCIENT TOPOGRAPHY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ROME Wefo ff otfc THE MACMILLAN COMPANY LONDON: MACMILLAN & CO., LTD. 1899 All rightu reserved COPYRIGHT, 1899 BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY NortoooB J. S. Cushing & Co. Berwick & Smith Norwood Mass. THE GETTY RESEARCH INSTITUTE LIB.V.RY PREFATORY NOTE PROFESSOR RODOLFO LANCIANI needs no introduction to English readers. This book sums up briefly the results of researches, extending over many years, in regard to the fate of the buildings and masterpieces of art in ancient Rome. In his work upon this subject and upon his large map Professor Lanciani has searched hundreds of volumes of municipal and ecclesiastical records, besides examining several thousand separate documents ; and he has ran- sacked the principal libraries of Europe for prints and drawings showing the remains of ancient Rome at differ- ent periods. Much of the new material thus collected will appear in fuller form in an extensive work, compris- ing several volumes, which will be published in Italian under the title Storia degli Scavi di Roma. The present volume is a forerunner of the larger work. -
D. Octavius Caesar Augustus (Augustus) - the Lives of the Twelve Caesars, Volume 2
D. Octavius Caesar Augustus (Augustus) - The Lives Of The Twelve Caesars, Volume 2. C. Suetonius Tranquillus Project Gutenberg's D. Octavius Caesar Augustus, (Augustus) by C. Suetonius Tranquillus This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: D. Octavius Caesar Augustus (Augustus) The Lives Of The Twelve Caesars, Volume 2. Author: C. Suetonius Tranquillus Release Date: December 13, 2004 [EBook #6387] Language: English Character set encoding: ASCII *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK D. OCTAVIUS CAESAR AUGUSTUS *** Produced by Tapio Riikonen and David Widger THE LIVES OF THE TWELVE CAESARS By C. Suetonius Tranquillus; To which are added, HIS LIVES OF THE GRAMMARIANS, RHETORICIANS, AND POETS. The Translation of Alexander Thomson, M.D. revised and corrected by T.Forester, Esq., A.M. Livros Grátis http://www.livrosgratis.com.br Milhares de livros grátis para download. D. OCTAVIUS CAESAR AUGUSTUS. (71) I. That the family of the Octavii was of the first distinction in Velitrae [106], is rendered evident by many circumstances. For in the most frequented part of the town, there was, not long since, a street named the Octavian; and an altar was to be seen, consecrated to one Octavius, who being chosen general in a war with some neighbouring people, the enemy making a sudden attack, while he was sacrificing to Mars, he immediately snatched the entrails of the victim from off the fire, and offered them half raw upon the altar; after which, marching out to battle, he returned victorious. -
The Appian Way 1 from Porta Capena to the Mausoleum of Caecilia Metella
The Appian Way 1 from Porta Capena to the Mausoleum of Caecilia Metella (Miles I-III) - Inside the Walls By bike On foot This section of the Appian Way, called “the urban section” because it was part of the city in antiquity, starts from the central archaeological area, in front of the Circus Maximus and near the Baths of Caracalla. This is where the ancient Porta Capena (Capua Gate), the original departure point of the Appian Way and the Latin Way dating back to the Republican period, was located. The urban section ends at the Porta S. Sebastiano (St. Sebastian Gate), part of the walls built in the reign of the emperor Aurelian in the 3rd century AD. The monuments described along this section are currently not included in the Appia Antica Regional Park, which begins at Porta S. Sebastiano. Nevertheless, the monumental complex of the Appian Way represents a coherent context which must be described holistically beginning in the monumental center of Rome. 1) Porta Capena The Capua Gate was part of the earliest wall of Rome, called the “Servian Wall” because its construction was traditionally attributed to the sixth king of Rome, Servius Tullius, in the middle of the 6th century BC. The most recent studies confirm the existence of a wall circuit in cappellaccio tuff that can be associated chronologically with Servius Tullius, which was later restored and enlarged in the first half of the 4th century BC. The Appian and Latin Ways both started from this gate, which was located in front of the curved end of the Circus Maximus, and then separated in the area of the large square currently dedicated to Numa Pompilius. -
Itinerary for Kaamna by Klara Boehm Mombassador
Itinerary for Kaamna by Klara Boehm Mombassador Note: Hello, And welcome to Rome! Enjoy this day of fully immersion into the Ancient Rome, with highlights and less known ways to discover the history of this amazing city. As traffic and transport are always a bit chaotic and complicated in Rome I recommended restaurants that are on your way, avoiding too much travel. Please don’t forget to bring good walking shoes as walking is the best way to discover the city and the uncountable little details and special views you might find at every corner. Enjoy your stay and don’t forget to throw a coin into Trevi fountain in order to make sure you come back one day! Best, Klara Thursday 25 09:00 AM - 09:30 AM Breakfast at Ciuri Ciuri 10:00 AM - 12:00 PM Visit of the Colosseum 01:00 PM - 02:30 PM Lunch at Rosso 03:00 PM - 06:00 PM Appia Antica by bike 07:30 PM - 09:00 PM Dinner at Broccoletti 10:00 PM - 11:00 PM Viaggio nei Fori / Travel through the Imperial Forum Day 1 | Thursday 25 Rome-italy Travel Time : 09:00 AM - 09:30 AM Family Activity Breakfast at Ciuri Ciuri A Website: http://www.ciuri-ciuri.it/ Address: Via Labicana, 128, 00184 Roma, Italien Why kids love it: Colourful and sweet pastry! Why parents love it: Sicily is famous for its pastries, so rich, varied and colorful: Cannoli, Cassata... Get a touch of Sicily in Rome! Need to know: I usually don't give breakfast recommendations for Rome because you can find a perfect cappuccino, delicious pastry, and freshly pressed orange juice in quite every bar around the corner. -
Via Appia Antica, 110 - Ph
Before arriving at Porta San Sebastiano - the ancient Porta Appia in the city concrete, on which a small house has been built. One hundred metres beyond the crossroads with the Via Appia Pignatelli (re- out. In the centre of the area is the "peg" around which the chariots turned remains of two tower sepulchres. After passing Casale Torlona (on a level Still on the right side are a succession of well preserved ruins in the poste- walls built in the second half of the third century A.D. by the Emperor Arriving at the crossroads with the Via Ardeatina we find the small church of organised at the end of the XVII century by Pope Innocent XII), on a level with and on the curved side a triumphal arch. The steps accommodated 10,000 with no. 240), the road finally runs freely flanked by pine and cypress trees rior part of a temple-shaped sepulchre (31), rectangular, with a high podi- Aurelian - there existed (and still exists under the names of Via delle Terme Quo Vadis (5) or Santa Maria in Palmis. no. 119a, is the entrance to the Jewish Catacombs of Vigna Randanini (9). spectators. Beyond the Circus rose the Villa (12), which was directly con- with numerous remains of tombs now more easily accessible. Beyond the um and steps; the Tomb reconstructed by the Rabiri (32), dating from the I di Caracalla and Via di Porta San Sebastiano) the initial stretch of the road, A seventeenth-century reconstruction of a chapel erected in the IX century After the subsequent cross-roads with Via delle Sette Chiese we come to an nected to the imperial tribune in the Circus.