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Revista De Cultura Revista De Cultura Review of Culture INSTITUTO CULTURAL Do Governo Da R.A.E 33 International Edition 33 Edição Internacional 33 Janeiro/January 2010 International Edition Edição Internacional Revista de Cultura Revista de Cultura Review of Culture INSTITUTO CULTURAL do Governo da R.A.E. de Macau CULTURAL INSTITUTO Review of Culture IC EDITOR é uma revista de Cultura e, domínio do Espírito, é Livre. Avassalada Publisher ao encontro universal das culturas, servente da identidade cultural de INSTITUTO CULTURAL Macau, agente de mais íntima relação entre o Oriente e o Ocidente, do Governo da Região Administrativa particularmente entre a China e Portugal. RC propõe-se publicar todos Especial de Macau os textos interessantes aos objectivos confessados, pelo puro critério da CONSELHO DE DIRECÇÃO qualidade. Assim, as opiniões e as doutrinas, expressas ou professas nos textos Editorial Board assinados, ou implícitas nas imagens de autoria, são da responsabilidade Ung Vai Meng, Chan Chak Seng, dos seus autores, e nem na parte, nem no todo, podem confundir-se com a Marie MacLeod, Luís Ferreira, orientação da RC. A Direcção da revista reserva-se o direito de não publicar, Wong Io Fong e Paulo Coutinho nem devolver, textos não solicitados. [email protected] é uma revista trimestral, simultaneamente publicada nas versões COORDENADOR Chinesa e Internacional (em Português e Inglês). Buscando o diálogo Co-ordinator e o encontro francos de Culturas, RC tem na limpidez a vocação e na Luís Ferreira [email protected] transparência o seu processo. Edição Internacional / International Edition is a cultural magazine published quarterly in two versions — Chinese EDITOR EXECUTIVO and International (Portuguese/English)—whose purpose is to refl ect the Executive Editor unique identity of Macao. The magazine also seeks to promote freedom of Paulo Coutinho expression and through the articles published we hope to stimulate ideas [email protected] and discussion of topics related to Western/Eastern cultural interchange, especially between China and Portugal. Edição Chinesa / Chinese Edition publishes articles covering an extensive range of topics expressing a EDITOR EXECUTIVO diversity of views. However, RC is not responsible for ideas and opinions Executive Editor voiced in these articles and thus they cannot be taken as editorial opinion. Wong Io Fong In addition, we reserve the right to withhold any unsolicited text from publication and the right not to return any unsolicited text. DIRECTOR GRÁFICO Graphic Director Victor Hugo Marreiros [email protected] CONCEPÇÃO GRÁFICA Graphic Design Grace Lei SEPARAÇÃO DE CORES Color Separation Tipografi a Macau Hung Heng Ltda. [email protected] IMPRESSÃO Printing Tipografi a Macau Hung Heng Ltda. [email protected] TIRAGEM Print Run 1000 REDACÇÃO E SECRETARIADO Publisher’s Offi ce INSTITUTO CULTURAL do Governo da R.A.E. de Macau SEP - Sector de Edições Periódicas Praça do Tap Seac, Edifício do Instituto Cultural, Macau Tel: (853) 83996322 Fax: (853) 28366806 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.icm.gov.mo 2 Revista de Cultura • 33 • 2010 RevistaAssine a de Cultura Subscribe to Review of Culture Preços / Rates A globalização do conhecimento começou em Macau no século XVI quando os saberes do Oriente e do Ocidente Exemplar Avulso / Single Copy se cruzaram nesta terra singular do Sul da China. Macau MOP 80,00 No século XXI, o intercâmbio cultural entre os dois mundos Ásia / Asia continua a ser a vocação de Macau. via aérea / air mail US$ 23,00 A Revista de Cultura é o veículo dessa vocação. via marítima / surface mail US$ 14,00 Knowledge entered into an age of globalisation in Macao in the 16th century when the wisdoms of East and West met Outros países / Other countries in this unique part of South China. via aérea / air mail US$ 29,00 In the 21st century, Macao remains dedicated to cultural inter- via marítima / surface mail US$ 16,00 change between both worlds in a vocation maintained by Review of Culture. Assinatura / Subscription (4 números / issues) Macau MOP 160,00 Ásia / Asia via aérea / air mail US$ 72,00 Para fazer a assinatura ou para a compra CONTACTOS via marítima / surface mail de números atrasados, s.f.f. preencha e envie o Contacts US$ 36,00 formulário destacável que encontrará Email: [email protected] Tel: 853-83996322 nas últimas páginas desta edição. Outros países / Other countries Fax: 853-28366806 via aérea / air mail US$ 96,00 To subscribe or to purchase back issues, please via marítima / surface mail fi ll in and mail the form available US$ 44,00 at the end of this issue. 2010 • 33 • Review of Culture 3 ATRIUM COLABORARAM NESTE NÚMERO Contributors to this Issue RC, n.° 33, IIIa Série, 1.° Trimestre 2010 RC, no. 33, IIIrd Series, 1st Quarter 2010 TEXTO Texts Anabela Nunes Monteiro Christina Miu Bing Cheng Federico Masini George Wei Ivo Carneiro de Sousa Phyllis Whitman Hunter Rui d’Ávila Lourido Sandy J. C. Liu Teddy Y. H. Sim Zhang Minfen TRADUÇÃO Translation PHILOS - Comunicação Global, Lda. (Português-Inglês e Inglês-Português) REVISÃO Design Victor Hugo Marreiros Proofreading Chao Siu Fu (Chinês), Luís Ferreira (Português), T. Rex Wilson (Inglês) A NOSSA CAPA Dois pioneiros da sinologia avant la lettre inauguram esta edição de Revista de Cultura. Com a Relação da Grande Monarquia da China e a minuciosa análise aos exames imperiais e com o monumental Atlas Sinensis, os jesuítas Álvaro Semedo e Martino Martini aprofundaram e sistematizaram os parcos conhecimentos que Marco Polo levara à Europa sobre o Grande Cataio, sobre a sua cultura, governação e geografi a. Abordamos diversos aspectos de “Macau cidade global”: política, comércio, demografi a, dos séculos xvi a xviii. Falamos também de Vicente Nicolau da Mesquita e de João Maria Ferreira do Amaral, cujas estátuas, erguidas durante o Estado Novo, seriam removidas em tempos e modos diferentes da paisagem urbana de Macau, no decurso de processos políticos polémicos que se afi guram verdadeiras metáforas das vidas que evocavam. A fechar, apresentamos visões ocidentais da cidade, nomeadamente através de relatos da vida social de uma comunidade de americanos expatriados, instalados entre Macau e Cantão no século xix. OUR COVER Th is issue of Review of Culture opens with articles looking at the work of two pioneer Sinologists avant la lettre: the Relação da Grande Monarquia da China and its detailed analysis of the imperial examinations; and the substantial Novus Atlas Sinensis by Jesuits Álvaro Semedo and Martino Martini respectively. Th ese works added depth and a systematic approach to the sparse information on the culture, governance and geography of Cathay that Marco Polo had introduced to Europe. Th e review also takes a look at the political, commercial and demographic dimensions of Macao as a global city in the 16th to 18th centuries. Th e statues of Vicente Nicolau da Mesquita and João Maria Ferreira do Amaral, erected during Portugal’s Estado Novo, would be removed later as part of controversial political processes that aptly echoed the very lives they represented. To close, there is a western glimpse of Macao through the accounts of an American expatriate community living in Macao and Canton in the 19th century. 4 Revista de Cultura • 33 • 2010 ATRIUM SUMÁRIO Index HISTORIOGRAFIA * HISTORIOGRAPHY 6 NOVUS ATLAS SINENSIS 新版中國地圖冊 Federico Masini 16 OS EXAMES IMPERIAIS CHINESES NA PERSPECTIVA DO PADRE ÁLVARO SEMEDO 曾德昭神父眼中的中國朝廷科舉制度 Zhang Minfen 22 A COMPANHIA DE JESUS E O LEAL SENADO DE MACAU. O CASO DE BENTO PEREIRA DE FARIA (1676) 澳門市政廳與耶穌會之間的支持與衝突：夲托．佩里拉．法里亞的個案 (1676) Anabela Nunes Monteiro 38 COMÉRCIO DE IMPORTAÇÃO E EXPORTAÇÃO EM MACAU, DOS FINAIS DA DINASTIA MING AO DECLÍNIO DA DINASTIA QING. MERCADORES PORTUGUESES, OUTROS EUROPEUS E CHINESES 從明朝末年至清朝末年時期澳門的進口貿易。葡萄牙商人、其他歐洲商人及中國商人 Rui d’Ávila Lourido 57 PROBING MACAO AS PART OF THE LARGER ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL CITY AND MEGALOPOLIS (1720-1820) 澳門作為對環球化城市和特大城市的人口稠密區進行深入研究分析中的一部分 (1720-1820) Teddy Y. H. Sim and Sandy J. C. Liu 75 POPULAÇÃO E SISTEMA DEMOGRÁFICO EM MACAU (SÉCULOS XVI-XVIII) 澳門的居民與人口統計系統 (16-18世紀) Ivo Carneiro de Sousa 99 ON THE BORDER GATE: JOÃO MARIA FERREIRA DO AMARAL AND VICENTE NICOLAU DE MESQUITA 臨界之上──亞馬喇和美士基打 Christina Miu Bing Cheng ESTUDOS DE MACAU * MACAO STUDIES 112 A UNIQUE PLACE IN THE WORLD: HISTORICAL WESTERN IMAGES OF MACAO 全球獨有的地方：歷史上的澳門西化形象 George Wei 128 ENGLISH REGATTAS, SCOTTISH REELS, ITALIAN OPERAS, AND CHOPSTICK DINNERS: THE COMMERCE OF SOCIABILITY IN CANTON AND MACAO 英國賽舟會、蘇格蘭雙人舞曲、意大利歌劇和中式晚餐：廣州和澳門的社交商業 Phyllis Whitman Hunter 139 RESUMOS 141 ABSTRACTS 143 ÍNDICE DE AUTORES N.OS 29-32 AUTHORS INDEX NOS. 29-32 2010 • 33 • Review of Culture 5 HISTORIOGRAPHY Novus Atlas Sinensis FEDERICO MASINI* Martino Martini (1614-1661) se encaminhar para o primeiro é hoje justamente relembrado como período de tranquilidade desde que um missionário tridentino na China; tinha deixado a sua pátria tridentina, contudo, ele foi sobretudo, por assim quando, em 1650, o padre provincial dizer, um missionário da China Manuel Dias (1574-1659) dispôs na Europa. De facto, foi graças às suas obras latinas que fosse para Pequim para colaborar com o missionário que algumas gerações de literatos europeus puderam Adam Schall von Bell (1592-1666), empenhado conhecer a conformação geográfica da China, os usos e como matemático junto da Corte imperial. Contudo, costumes do seu povo, a sua história antiga e moderna, provavelmente também por causa das divergências até a sua língua. com o matemático prussiano, no mesmo ano o padre Durante a sua intensa carreira intelectual foi, provincial incumbiu Martini da tarefa de defender com efeito, tanto um homem de
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