10

At Baker Lake in 1954, Kigjugalik 'bLcr I :)" "ac-C",,,,~·...nr·" jaulaupuq "ilitarijaujjutimik" medal by the Government of b... C~< ~

,,*-· Indian and Northern Affaires indiennes I ... Affairs Canada et du Nord Canada

Published under the authority of the Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development. Ottawa 1986.

C~J4 4~~~nc~~( 6~~~~~d( 4~~~b~~~(

Taakkua ajungiliqtitaujut inulirijikkut angajuqkaangannut. Ottawa, 1986.

Publication No. as-8376-010·HE·A1 • Minister of Supply and Services Canada Table of Contents C~lI. Tavvanitun

lnuktitut magazine is published 10 provide Canada's with information relating to the government's programs in the North, to promote the exchange of cultural infor­ mation between Inuit groups in Canada and to encourage Fall, l> P"rLI. m<;'ct><:'>'" !>a.crr>' fu,1J.< J\t>Lfl<­ l>.i'r' JLJ' l.<:L'" , A<:~(""4nCr\ ... • t>pt>'c')r. A.-'III)".,..' Aaqqiksuijimit )'t>Ln(n,,{ct>n<:~... 4~Lj( A~\ ... • d~~~(J... • ba.cr . ~Ll.J ~'ro'Ja-' m( lI..o<-n...... {, ll... ·n){ <:·)'"' • ...>cr. m<;~r'L"" ... • ... ·r't>~?ll{ l>.";()'b"a-~ 1.1l~..J 'bt>.....,'Ct>{()"r't>~?t»ll~... ­ Inuusituqaviniq n..'bt>Ct>""< c·<:... ll... ,..n..":'bd~ ...'!,.,-n..'f')(. 'bt>... {nnr<:\L'ic CL·d ...'!,.. n..{ t><'l..: 21 Nadlak's Ancient Campsite Inuktitut Uqalimaagaq titiratauvakpuq Canatamiut Inuit ~cL~r )A'b'''''a-)'b~ tusaumatittumamut gavamakkut pivallialitamingnik ukiur· tartumi, i1iqusituqanik tusaumatittiqattautivalliajumamut Naatlarmi Tupiqarvivinituqaq Inungnik i1agiingittunik Canatami ammalu Inuktituur­ tunikitirarsimajuqalirpalliatiltijumamut. Titirartauvaklulik pingasuirsurlutikluunniit tisamaisurlutikluunniit arraagu­ 28 Can Come Back? tamaat Canataup Inulirjikkunginnit, lnulditut akiqanngiluni pijauvakpuq atiliurluni titiqatigut ammalu apiriluni. Taakua 'b'7l>.' t>n? \0.~~

Working on this Issue: 43 "L'f" Sanalautun: Inuit Sanaugangit

David Webster, editor Cf..' f..<'C~. <1"'PI.1.,.:>o 8asil KibJakoot 1\) 'if'< 1>... .1.b~"'.J.c1

58 Father Franz Van de Velde Honoured I Are you moving? Nuktirniujarpiit? 'i'n.'7I>a-'l, I .s>'n'crl>""'t\C? Ataata Franz Van de Velde Utjirijauninga I I Name: I 'l,c..I>\L JCT(7~~J~(L "'L~n"'JJ L ~ Editorial

Aaqqiksuijimit

by Dave Webster riA' A<-C< A.~4~?~

Dave Webster piliriarijanga

We often receive articles that do not np'A~L"">J' "A.n.J' C'<:a- nn<;"c'C~"" t.;tJ~'r' ~~''''J. during August. 'L Il.,'nJi, bntL""­ As editor of Inuktitut, I get to meet >"l. .6..o\cr lt t>Pt>'i"c~:JrI>Ccr~ o..pJIt­ These women, in many people from all over the North. C". bnrCt.'~L~"<'..>'L, <;"<".,,"l. .6.c... L a- lo Cd \'frL L o-lt were some of the many performers tances, I often meet friends I haven't ~ P~a-' 'L ~'b'bn'b"->'l. L~. page 39. hadn't seen for fifteen years. Over the Pr''l. ;'a-dt.a-' years though, I have heard of his ~p~"e"Jr~e~'bn\f'.. '. ' c..l>c;lt)C Cdl,.It,,-?c:..cr 6..06 ( come to Ottawa from Hall Beach, a--Knight In The Order Of r'c... "...''icr'L.D"Lt>..'cr NWT, to receive a medal-the Knight The Crown-r"-.oo..t\cr'iICTC 8el­ b'tAl>. n.. .. tT",;.c ArP[><; lo cC;lt:>r l>Pt>'Jc..t>'iIo)(J'" L' A

Katijjutiqaqtillugit ataata Van de Velde-mik, katilaurivara ataata Charles Choque, ilannarijaraptauq ukiunik amisunik pilirisimaliqtuq uki­ uqtaqtup tuksiarvinginni. Ataata ~ Choque aatuvamiutauliqtuq uqalimaa­ z liulluriksaliqsimaplunilu pitjutilingnik ! iksirarjuanik ukiuqtaqtumi pilirisimaju­ ': nik inuusiluktaakasangmingni. Maan­ ...... >IL~-"L--'----'....L_~ na titirausiqaliqsimajuq inuusivini- nganik ataata Ducharme-up. Ajjiquti­ qaruvit ataata Ducharme-mik, qau­ jimajun9a ataata Choque quviasuga­ jarmat immaqaa atuqtuulluarajarniru­ ciate getting them for possible use in C«~ ~~·njr. Ar~~r'r· Pt>..JLt> .... )cr. siuningani tatvap.i inuktituumi, piliria­ about Father Choque's biography of lingmik ataata Choque-up inuusivinili­ Father Pierre Henry. Ingo Hessel, fu,11' , .."J',"<,' ~P~"C"J­ Donald Marsh who became Anglican ...J<]'icr"irO"' •• ... c..:'i cr 'l... A<1cr~'icr"i·"­ Ingo Hessel, Inuit sanangnguagalia­ Bishop of the Arctic in 1950, has ~<''', I1/L,?r'''-7~ .. '~' ..j<,", nginningaaqtuq inulirijituqakkunni, given us an article for this issue in Ingo t>Pl>cr· '"'b'"'brCCiL titiragan9i tatvaniiqataungmijut sivul­ which she describes her first trip to ('ilor"L-":'ilI I:J.r"lT<1"ilo...)a"J [>pt> .... c.... )r· liqpaamik ukiuqtaqtumuarnirminik. the Canadian Arctic in 1933. Mrs. <]LL r">"'r'ill ... ~'icr'l... A'l...;~( Aullaarninga pianisaarniqsaujuq, isu­ Marsh is also the author and illustrator p,L,'ir ~~r\~( I:J.;LfLt>L ( .. ~.- malirusirijanga narngarnatuujuq. Ingo of a book about her experiences in the jL ,-~'r'..H<-,J, I, ~'b~r',,-"; ukiunik qapsikallangnik uqalimaaq­ Arctic called People of the Willow, c..:'icrL[>cr. ~L\~L~J b~t~~~L( taqsimajuq ilinniaq&unilu ukiuqtaq­ published in 1976 by Oxford Univer­ C> PC>cr ~ ~r,Jcr ~ . tumik amma sivulliqpaamiglu aullaar­ sity Press. She is an excellent artist ninga pingasunut kivallirmi nunaling­ and her watercolours in the book CP<'''C'' m,L~r'L<''' 1\'<'<1< 1\,,,-<1­ nut isumagilaugaa sinnaktuumani depict an accurate picture of life in "-7'L 'bL.. 'J~~t~ Lr~JJ. siniarmat ukiunik amisunik. Ingo Hessel, from the Inuit Art Section "CL\\C\~(bJ~?4\(. <;dL\\fL~ Cdcr­ of Northern Affairs, also has written r-LLrL. ~)'i~C~­ rausiqaqtuq inuusivininginnik Inuit impressions are quite inter~sting. lngo 'bC~<''' bn,-~"r'L7c ..

3 ta Inuit aviktuqsimanirni asinginnir­ miutanik ukiuqtaqtumi." Piryuaq qau­ jimmariktuqtauqataujuq katilauqsima­ jamni angutini uqausiuliraangata nuna, nirjutit, silalu. Tingmisuukkuu­ qatigilauqsimajara atausiiq&ugu pir­ juaq kuugjuaq, maanituupamut. Qangataniluktaaptingni igalaakkut silammut tautuktuq, uqaqpak&unigit atingi tasiit, kuut, qatqait amrna tuktut apqutigisugai. Ukiunik amisu­ nik piliriqatiqaqsimajuq nirjusirijinik tukisitinnasuk&unigit qaujimaningi Inuit nirjutinik atugaulluaqtuulluarmat qaujisaqtinit ilinniaqtunik ukiuqtaq­ tumi nirjutinik isumagingngimiangngil­ lugu.

Ammaptauq tltlrausiusimangmijuq -building at Kikturiaqtuuq, Qajaliurniq kikturiaqtuurmi. inugjuap qaujimajaulluriktuq ukiuqtaqtumiutaq­ south of Inukjuaq in Arctic Quebec, kivataani kupait tarrangani, tauq, Ernest Wilson Lyall talurjuar­ during the summer of 1985. aujautillugu 1985. miutaq, nunatsiarmi. tuqulauqtuq julaimi ukiuqaliq&uni 76-nik. Qaujima­ 'ib7rl> "cr'ilo P":::>n.4'iloj'ir. jaulauqtuq Lyall "ukiuqtaqtumiutaq doD '-.!~< P<:C... d~l>n·..>J 1985. jaarilaugaa inuusirminik ukiuqtaqtumi. Kingnggugauniaqtuq ilaminit ilannari­ like a dream come true for him. He is AL(.>d C r'c..L..JC ([>:,.)<;", t>'"'b'ilo<",.r jaminillu ukiuqtaqtuluktaami. still talking about that trip, as I am ... r' ~n~ cl'. d'. ~'~d' ~LL sure he will be for many years. :)':)' PI>... • r:-La-\(' D..£J!::.' ~J4'i·j~J4'iL( ~t>~~~nO"''' t>P[>'i"cc;":::>r (J"'i~na-· the old days. d~Lr \~rJ. people hunted and lived. According to A.DA' ALr c 'ibLa-"r. p<<'r"r. Piryuaq, "Even if you are not from this ..(a.,,(r' 1\ ...... 4<;·. t><;bc-Lc-4rfT area, I have no doubt you will see sim­ " nml>r'I>r'L'r-.l" 'bl>o'­ I\r4""c-"r 5. t>'ibt>r'''b'i·:>''· L7t> <- Jf\. .. )'ilo t> Pt>cc;"Ct>'i1o . ilarities with the lifestyles of people A;' r' 'i. 'ib.DA ... .,..)4 "Lt> "L\(, ( from other parts of the Arctic." Ernest Wilson Lyall C..>' -.1<1' rl>c". Cd<~L... ~". Piryuaq is one of the most knowledge­ ..oQ..(r'<1"I. ::Y'dc"J>c;Io)'i1o .....<....6.r t>Pt>'ib­ able men I have ever met when it r"..>'" 76-... •• 'bl>o'LL,.I><-I>":)" Lyall Inuit i1agiit qamanirmi, kivallirmi. comes to the land, wildlife and "l>Pl>c;"cc;":::>rt>cc;1o c;brL("'"C A~r'c;rcr. t>Pt>c;,,­ pigiarvilingmi 5, uqausiqaqtuq from Baker Lake to Churchill, Mani­ (<;10)1. P\\JLt>a-Pt>c;"Cc;IoJ..J"cr .. taipsumanisaq. out the window and pointing out the names of lakes, rivers, hills and caribou migration routes. He spent many years working with game offi­ cials trying to explain to them that the knowledge Inuit have about animals is of great use to biologists studying northern wildlife and should not be ignored.

Another article is about a well-known northerner, Ernest Wilson Lyall of Spence Bay, NWT, who died this past July at the age of 76. Lyall was known as the"Arctic Man" after the title of a book he wrote about his life in the Arctic. He will be missed by his family and many friends from across the North.

4 Life as It Was Inuusituqaviniq

by Barnabas Piryuaq Barnabas Pirjuaq Uqausirijanga

I am going to tell you about the life­ ~'b~n..""C;a..'i"Jr". ilagiiluktaanut, inuusilluavingmik uk­ real things that are believable. I am 'bL.. ')

This drawing (and the one on the next pagel were done by Eric Anoee of Eskimo Point. - CLa. nn,l>"'~ ("'~~~' l1l>~' C', C,

Taamna titiraujaga (amma makpianiittuq) titiraujagaujuk Eric ~?;:::::::::::_ Anoeemit arviarmiutarmit.

5 Many years ago, the Hudson's Bay ~~ , L'i.C Cf.< "L",)'b" • CL", aturniqalualaurmangaataa taipsuma­ like bullets, matches, needles, snow­ 'b'~"C'AI><..>n· f.'pnC'AI><..>n· nituqaq, tamaani qarjuqtaarviuplutik knives and ice chisels. It was no r"dnC")'AI>..>'pc,..>n· n"IL'; Cc<: ",I>A'AI>< CLQ. qit&utik tianaa pivigjuangututigilauq­ very fast because most of the things 'b'~"C'A' r"dnC'A' ~c j~..>f."..> ",I>A'AI>< CLC juqtaarvik mitqutitaarvik panataaqtur­ never used up. We never used to <...i'Q. ''''..>I\n.c PQ.I>­ vik tamatkualuqiit tuuraluillu niuvir­ buy food and clothing. Now, I wear 7")\'f·Q.7")">Jc ~~<:"r~ ""f,.c a-n..ncrl­ nunguvalliasuittunik pijumajaluaqaq­ hunted to get food and clothing and O"'''rr. <1L~~~)~nc(cr"rr. n<1~J~ palaurapta qarjut taima nunguvalliara­ we were never too poorly off. <[)c.J> \ \('''0.. < nJ LLa.C>r<;lo::> 'i c- <1 .. ..0­ lavakkaluaq&utik niuvirviit nirititsinir­ ~'''IL>'L Cc<: ~I>A'A'r' A'",d", , mik annuraaqtuqtitsinirmik tia I naJuqi The caribou provided most of our I>PI>\Jr~..>A'A'r'­ atulaungnginnaptigu maannauliqturli food and clothing. Caribou are rarely Ct>~ ALcrdcr lo <1 .. ..o~~IL6 .. Q..,cr<1­ annuraaqsimavunga tatva niuvir­ l still-they move north and they move n..<..)cr Ac..t>"L' raluaqpat niuvirvingmittauq pinnikunik December until April. Caribou run PI\\f')J'. annuraaqsimainnarniariplunga. Tia'na around a lot in the month of July and angunasungnirq nirisuarniinnarmik eat very little. The mosquitoes are bad CL'dC"<...n.I>~c pijariakinniqsaupluni pilaurmat kisiani then and they move to get away from cr"~n.b"crJ<1"~<1"cr. Jr.)C <](<] .. O"'ft pinasuluamiarjuaqpalaungngittugut. them. Summer heat bothers them I>f.Lf.7C'b..>n' I>f.Lt.7C..>"ILcr' ~I>A'I\\rC A7n.·",c..I>'b'b. riujut nirjutikkanniluarjuarnik tuktut In August, they are very comfortable b'~..>P"..>. f.'plic. rCldlic • j"..>. asiannik uimaijagaqaluangngit&utik as it is cooler so they move very little <0...... ) n?~I"a..r~­ vingmit pijariaqaqtatik pi'naaraanga­ by heat and mosquitoes. .;In to a..cr" "ito f ..DQ.'ib?r ).:::> c mitku tamatkua unnilaukkatka, kar­ julukiillu, ikkitiit, mitqutiit, tuullu, panallu tia'na atugaksaluktaamingnik maniqqami naammaksisimaplutik.

Drawing by Eric Anoee.

Eric Anoee titiraujaqtanga.

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6 Inuit gave names to the different Caribou at a crossing place on a ltqaqsaujaqsinnaliq&utik nanisaq caribou crossing places. Years ago, barrens river. qanuittumi nunaqarumi tuktut pisulu­ elder Inuit who couldn't move around ratgujumia'tuungmata apqutaanniin­ too much stayed in the same place, najarmangaarmiik. which was chosen for them, even though there were no caribou around Tuktu nallurmi nunainnaup Tuktut nutqangasuittuungmata ki­ most of the time. There is such a kuungani. vammuakpak&utik kanangnaqpaq­ place, called Qamaniq, between taq&utik taima nuqqanganni'naari­ Schultz and Aberdeen lakes where vakkaluagaat tatqiik malruuk apsima­ the elders would stay. They would juuk tamaani upluilaluarjuaq ukiumi never leave that area which was tisampami nutqallarikpalauqsimang­ chosen for them because it is a sum­ mata nutqanganialiq&utik tamaunga mer crossing place for caribou. iipru tikillugu amma suli nutqangav­ viata piqataa pangaliraqtumia'tuu­ In the fall, elders would camp at vangmatali upirngaakkut tamaani another place, perhaps four or six julaimi pangaliraqtalugiaraangamik miles away, as caribou crossed at a julai nungut&ugu nirilautsiajunatik different spot on their way south. The pisumiattuaq&utigluunniit pangalira­ elders would stay there and wait for luamialauttuaqpak&utigluunniit ami 1­ the caribou. That way they didn't raungngitsaraangamik tia'naittuulaur­ move around too much and were at AI~~'J~r4j\LC 4<~~';'L~'­ mata tatvaptauq aaggas nungngurigi­ the crossings when the caribou came. L'i,'r" . agaani pangalirarungniiq&utik nunami By the end of September or October atausirmiiraujaliraangata aujakkut there would be no more caribou, so J'J' ~'~~16'j\LC P<~6<-~4'~4" I>pl>r n~L<;. r'L .. LC .D ('ib"La-~ LiA' 'i,' d' CLO" ~<-6r <~r­ lnuktaqalaurmat tamaani taima ati­ Elders played an important role for the ~~C~r ( :><:1<;.< .. ..>fl l. ~ ... ;. ( <1,'- C; ­ tut tuktuittumia'tuuliraluaqpalluunniit and would be ready when caribou I>\~'~<~r' n4'a.6 cj<-I>'LC C'­ nunaksaqsiarisimajarmingnit nuutta­ came. For example, by taking good «CI>"

7 Around the end of October when the snow does not melt anymore and before the blizzards come, the elders would go where there is a sharp drop in the land. They gathered enough snow with shovels and other tools to make a snowhouse. After it hardened they would make a out of the snow since it gets too cold to live in a tent at this time of year. That is how they would start the winter until the snow got hard enough to make real .

If we hadn't had caribou-skin clothing in those days we would never have survived the winter. We didn't dress up to impress anybody; we dressed that way because of our lifestyle. They were not costumes to dress up in, but were the everyday clothes we used.

Inuit married and became man and wife so that they could be helpers to each other. There was never a man or wife who was useless. That was the tradition of the Inuit in those days. There is a lot of work in preparing skins and making clothing, and there was no way a man, even if he wasn't lazy, was going to do any sewing to make clothing. A man didn't even think about sewing. The only way a man would help is to soften the skin to make mitts or the sole of a kamik.

If a man was out for a week and got a small rip in his clothes, he would fix it, but that is all. Some men, though, were too lazy to sew at all and didn't like to do any sewing that would take a long time. Sewing was the responsibility of the women. Men were the workers who did the heavy and hard work. 6~LC%~~'L( CL~ C6L ~n%~~~(­ A woman at Chesterfield Inlet, In the fall, you couldn't dry clothing bJ~~>( ~~JJ~( aL~( CL'd4 carrying her child in her . or other items outside as there was ~J~%~~r~'J6( A·~'~L)( JLJ­ more rain then. When we moved ~C)r~ljr~J4~b"( Schultz Arnaq igluligaarjungmi, amaaqtuq. would have to keep them dry though. Lake. Aberdeen- ~ CL·.. ~d .~'l The elders would study the ground to ~J"%'b'I\r<~~"(L7>( Cll

8 tuktut apqutigittajujaat upirngaaqsi­ urviqaq&uni tuktunnilugviksamik ap­ qutaanni kuungmi ikaaqturvingmi aujaqsiurviqaq&uni tuktunnilugvik­ samik asianiktauq kivammuaktunilli ikaaqturvingmi tamatkua ilisimatsiak­ katik tuktuittumia'tuugaluaqpataluun­ niit qimangngitainnamiarlugit utaqqi­ anigviginiaq&ugu.

la'naittuulaurmat tamaani siptampap­ luunniit nungnguani aktuupamiluunniit tuktutaimmariksisulaurmat taima ukiuluktaaq tuktunik ilimanarniangngi­ liqtuq tatva tatqit naasaqtauniaq&utik niriungniarmata miipluuvva nungngu­ ani juunluuvva atuliqtillugu tikitau­ Iirniarmigamik aujaqsiurvigilauqta­ mingnuungngittuq nuugajaa'naarlutik qanukiaq ungasiktigijumut 3-mailit 5-mailit taapkuak nalluuk akuttuti­ gisuqtuk kanangnaliaqtut ikaaqtur­ viat kivammuaktut ikaaqturviat am­ malu nallukkanniqtaqaripluni asianik. Amma nunami piruksaqarnirni qauji­ majaqaujaq&utik nalluungngittunik piruksatsiaringniqpariaq&utik piru­ jiuriaqpalaurmata amma suli sigjaq­ pasiktarnaqtuliaq&utik nipkuliuriaq­ palaurmata sunaluktaat itqanaiqsima­ jut tupiq atausiq alraagunik pingasu­ nigluunniit sitamanigluunniit atugau­ niluktuulluaqpalauqtuq mianirijaut­ siattuaq&uni aujainna'naakkut atuq­ pak&ugu.

Taimali tamaani aktuupap nungnguani aput aukpalliajungniiraangat piqsiqtar­ luavingngit&uni kigli'taringni'naat ~ kiglinginnut aputinik katiqsuiplutik ~ pualritiluqimianut igluksalluuliraangat ~ qiqsuqsiariplugu ikkiirnaluaqtu'tuulir- -J ~ mat qarmaqtaaq&utik iglutaaliqpala- l ....:..:=- urmata tamatkua pitqusirilauqsima­ javut niuvirvingnit uqurutiksaqtaqtin- nata aumaliuqsirviqaqtinnatalu naam­ People near Baker Lake, 1926. "If ~41~~(jL~~L( CL~ tn. Q...... ;\'f'cJcr· A?·"ct'

Man and woman at an encamp­ 4~~J 4~~~J ~A,~~'r ~~r~< Angullu arnarlu tupiqarvingmi ment near Pad lei. Keewatin. 1949 'b.. r'7'L... p<:"c-'r. 1949­ paalliup qanigijangani. kivallirmi. Note the sparse growth of trees in 'JO"JJ. t>''''?lr' II?"J.. ' 1949-ngutillugu. Ujjirusugit the distance. Inset: Tent rings of t>'L<:... 4'".r t.c-'bO'~L"" piruqtunik ungavani. Atjimi stones from former camps, like rp~~~": ~A~~~J A?A~~~· iliqatausimajuq mikiniqsaq: Tupir­ these near Chesterfield Inlet. dot JII"AA..'r. t>d4 4''''~'''' mullu piruvinirnik tupiqarvivinirmi, the tundra in many places. ALJrC~J< ~b~~~. ~~6~~~r ukua ajjinginnik igluligaarjuup AC"'b?a:o:.> c • qaningani. nunainnarmi pitaqa­ runaaqput

10 Making camp. Notice the man in (CLcr~~~~C ~~l.~cr~·jLJ4~<~­ Inuit inuusirilauqsimajaat. Unipkaak­ background building a snowhouse. ~"::J" r' vingnik miqsuqqajarnangngilluavila­ C\l>'()"cr~~ t>'rfl"n..J" " <<-r~":J~". P<'-ro;r ~(.Jcr PLrIC~\crl~( PLr~~~( nangngittuq tatva ikajurusirijungnaq­ ~~A'~'r, ALL~ ~P~' <:J>nO'" " bno;";b,," 4 c l.A 'ib\rC;"(Lc-<;":J c • .6.L...)·~"'~rC;·"L( 'f~"'~(Cr""'r'­ niqtaqaluqi'naaqpat taimna 1 weeks Igluliuqtuq. Kivallirmi nunainnarmi. L'7>' O'I>~'~'O" I>'d?n'~"'c"n'~c miqsurungnaqtatuanga angutit ilait­ immaqaa ukiut marruk atgai

  • Lrl>"'r"~~"'n·~c..> ~LL'j~"'­ tigut miqsurniq sapiulaurapta tamap­ qaangiqsimaliqtut. ~:J( ( .6.L...)rLcrt>n.~( taungngitkaluarmijuq pijariaqquqtu­ Lr r'c...·dA·~'..> ~' I>P­ jumik miqsurumavalaungngittugut I>~' ~LL·r'r"'r'L'LC. arnat annuraaliuttiit angutilli tamat­ kuninga uqumaitturjuarnik pitsiriittu­ CLCdcr"Lr \\(,Cdr" niglu pilirijiit. things before we even thought of A;~'7c...I>'~·~r· I>PI>~O'~O', CL'C having warehouses. CL'd
  • L~'~'b"':c AC~I>""c. Ac-'~'(':::>~'~r' ~'<~I>'LC 'fLt>~~n<-..Jr( t>~C~~:J ...,a=(:J:J( 8<­ Baker Lake to the Kazan area. I travel A'~~<..Jr. t>~C~:J~~( 8r~~4~­ a little different way each year. If I ~'. P~LI>.... '.:..:::>... I>,,'~,­ n'~C'l.r' I>~c":::>'~~nr'~' :::>"->­ travel the length of Baker Lake. I cut C":::>'l. CA<~~'l. I>n?'l.. A~­ C:rrc the snow drifts at a little different L·..>'LC A'~'. angle each year. r'~·. CL'd"c>' 8~8( ~C~~r\~~ ~~rJ~I)4<-L~r~ C6<;L~. ~~~~~( ~~J·C\~\~L­ Ac-'~":::>c :::>".,.,~I>~..>b'­ Before there were schools. children t>'"'n<-Jr'. C'Q..r ,Ja..,J·CO"'· A<:r­ ..J~~r( ~4L~~..Jb~..J~~r<-..J. ~C~~( used to play games. go sliding or do C;« 6.~I)n·",<()'O"'· I\ .. t\'r c • cl>:::>'ncl><..>n'.,., nJ. 'M<..>nJ. ~<~I>":::>c. C'~r '~':::>". I>~L..>A' LA~' carrying water in a pail and learning ~c~I>~I>~r·. A~L""'l. ~A' ~Lr'. n~"->n' ~..:::>'ncl>~L'­ years. Girls would practice sewing 4"0"'~r'"''iLC. 4"0"'4J4\~C~n· 'f~a.r~ . and prepare themselves for the ;Q.t>~< ~,"L~:::>%" AC~~:::>"~~'~ O"''ia..'"'~a-'Lc ~c- CA<~L­ ->crJ. LP (; "a..?/\ ( LP ndl.;Ft> ..ft­ ~)~bc;~:>( 4:J8~~ ~~4~L<-..J. 8~8( sewing and help her mother. A boy c around twelve who is good with his >n A~'~c "1>"L''r..>'~'LC C'L­ nr,,'C~I>~ P~:::>'->­ t>~'"')~'ilo- igloos. Even at the age of ten. a boy C'a..r'. n' C'L"CAc-<~I>":::>'. cC~ n~'­ A...>nC'~'..>. could set proper traps close by the n·..>J I>n'''r - ..CI>~~ ,,"~ . Cd'~I>'~n' ~~'''''Ac. ~~' .... ­ an early age the things they will do in I>rc <~­ ~~ b'''l,( /\~~ ~""4(:J4Cj..J4~« CrL­ ~c. A~~ \~ later life. Some even at the age of five 1>' LC. "I>,"L ''r CjL­ A".,.,n' CALI>~·~'~'LC 1>Ac. 8 ~~c;~ np<-..JJ. 4/\ I a:~<~ b..J4~~n~ ~'r'~' ~c"'l.Jr'. CAL 1>'d­ ~·~'~..>LA. CL'~ AC~~)""~'~ In the old days. children used to go ,"'.... ~~~~..J CL(da.""l,( ~t>~L""\a.~>n( CI>~~. J to bed early and get up early. There I>n'''r....L''r':::>.. ..­ 1>~>'l.. ~~~­ CC:::>J..>. ~c- was no television or radio to keep n·..>'l. CLcd"­ nCI><~I>":::> C. j·..>c. children up. We used to get up early. I><..>r n<..Jr4L~( 8r(~~­ get dressed and before eating were ~" ~Ac ~"nr'J~"~~L""\a.~­ told to go outside and check the A'..>r­ .... I>C~c. I>',"?~~I>'LC :::>"->\I>~'r'. ..>n' ~~.C:~"", ~Lr'­ weather. They wanted us to have LI>.... c r­ When adults visited each other they nJ'~I>:::>A·~":::>~. I>ALA~'..>~ ~pc I>"nr''rcr'~c ~~C"nr\~Cr\­ scolded us and told us not to listen as r'''Lt>'ir~Jc. <:I<;a..­ they were talking about things they ~r..> ~·~~r..>. L~"<'LC I>P­ ~~L. ~~,~~. didn't want us to .hear. They didn't "nL. CC'. ~'J'l.~"~I>L~"<'LC I>PI>CCc n~. C< d"->~I>,J( "­ ,~~« ~I>":::>rc. want to put things in our head that A'\,« nCI><..>n' :::>P~~ "<~I>")" c would be of no use to us; they wanted "L~':::>.C:<'l.L ~'<"j~c ~b":::>'. ~~.:::>c. L~ .~"<'>'l. us to be good children. A..>J. c ...,.,J I>PI>CC'. c. J .C:?L ~~L_ rJ\~ ~~~)(. ~~~~~J\~ ~~~)(. L~":::>r' These were some of the traditions of ....Ac P<..>"<'<'b I>P­ ·~""~Lr·~'LC C'~ the past. and I am sure many people c .. I>CC'. CLcd,J' "1>,"'~~<~I>":::>c ~,"~..>"CI>~~ A~'~'. who read this will agree with me. I Cc< A~rL'~ 1>"l>n~I>'~'.,.,~. A~Ac AC~~~':' A~'rc >AJLI>~ have nothing more to say. A'~,J ~I>'':::><. A"d­ ?'':''~Lc- ...,.,n' P~~ C'~ ~" ~~~I>~" >AJLI>~~''. h-

    20 • Nadlak's a.Cc..lir Naatlarmi Ancient Campsite ) A'ib Ii t.. t.. f1' ) 'ib 'ill Tupiqarvivinituqaq

    by Kim Carter Kim Carter-up piliriarijanga

    To an archaeologist, the discovery A("C;O"'Crn..~...J(. a..C<'iO"'C;~ ~a..rl\a-C;rlo Itsarnitalirijimut, natvaarniq nunalivi­ of an ancient city or settlement can 'id4\ <10.. ~:> L. Ln..t>~ \ a.. 'ilo>'ilo • 'idi\ 'ilo nirmik quvianaqtummariujungnaqpuq. be an exciting event. It is exciting CAL "a..6. C)o- It Q.d"'(cr'ilo Aa..A'f"ilot'- Quvianaqpuq taimannaittunik nanisi­ because such a find can unlock mys­ ~\a..'iLC a..Ja..~)O"'Io A~)~"O"''iO''' •• niq pinaingiqsijungn'armata nalunaq­ teries about ancient peoples. For Bryan Gordon-...Jc I>t.Lt.o,,"nl>"''' tunik inutuqavinirnik. Bryan Gordon­

    Bryan Gordon, a curator of Northwest ~a.. ( r' ~\ .. '. viviningannik nunainnarmi ikajuqpaa the barrenlands is helping him to learn ilitsivalliatil&ugu kaapu inungnik. more about the Copper Inuit.

    The south wall of one of Nadlak t.../I..::>'bl>< ~ .. ~\L p"," t.' -' \ ",4" 2 -r', Itaijaujuq iglurjuaq 2-mik) sanajauk­ reconstructed by National Museum "a.."t>tt b"O"'C.J>'iIo)'ilt ba..cr A'idn)­ kannilauqtuq kanatami piqu­ archaeologists. 'ibt> r' /\rn..ra ( A ( a... 'i O"'Crn..r-'r" 0'" (• tituqausivilirijit itsarnitalirijinginnit.

    21 During the summers of 1985 and 4~~~nc~J 1985 4 L L 1986. Aujautillugu 1985 amma 1986, 1986, Gordon and a team of archae­ Gordon A,I\.'bn'f' < ~ h. ' " 'erC,I\.'" Gordon piliriqatingillu itsarnitalirijit ologists visited the campsite, on J<,'r~,-~">' JA'b'I\'...]'. 'pp"cr tujurmiulauqput tupiqarvingmut, qi­ an island called Nadlak in the Burn­ e:-CL o;r~ ,, ~~~~"'bC;~ Douglas Stern­ Inuit avataani qaujimajut naatlarmik, Nadlak, but the campsite remained r c • h.'A4'<,'r~C'rc. Stern. 'b~­ kisiani tupiqarvik uajjagaungngitain­ undisturbed until it was discovered by (\.~ t><...>rrc'iQ"'­ naqsimalauqpuq nanijauqqaarani Douglas Stern, a resident of Cam­ 4"~~ 'pp"cr. 'PP"C" 4' ",-"n'.( Prince Of Wales nilu takunngarnaqtunik aamalu­ ring of antlers on a small mound e Heritage Centre - d L.D' L,.->..ll.'r . qsisimajunik nagjungnik qatqami. didn't know what the ring was, bu e Ar~~' Cll.ber L,-"n' ll.' ~ 'erC"r'l>"nL -> 'bl>~~­ Centre-kunnut jalunaivmi. Pilirijit at the centre sent the photos t ~?'. "Cll.d \'l.~ ­ taikani ajjit aullaqtitpai Gordon-mut. Gordon. ' ~L->"r'r'L~' .. '~ll.'. ll.~Lr,-­ l>"::>J' ll.'~'er'Cer' ..­ Gordon-Iu itsarnitaqsiuqtillu qaujisa­ Gordon and a team of archaeolo­ ~r<->J" Gordon l>'b":J" "Pr' , Cll.LL..:J' ll.~LrL,.'~'~n- nanijatuavut aamaluqsisimajut nag­ "When we went there all we found r",,~"." I:J.C" 'iO""C("'"n..~C "bl>~("'"'i">( juit. Isumalilauqtugut itsarnittanit was a ring of antlers. We thought it 4-oll.' ::>A'b' ~~erL";~ \LJ ll..D'b"->er angatkuaqivviunasugiplugu" Gordon might be an ancient ritual site," says I:J..JJ\(T" C6.<~LCT"i""L­ nitalirijit qaujiliqput Inuit tupiqar­ gists learned the site was a small Inuit o-'iflo!>C "a..?[>ILO""ol\CT'ir( 'iPL.6.Lo..Lt> .. ­ vivinigajaaringmagu inuqaq&uni campsite which had been inhabited cr'iflo oJ t>P[>\Jr~)C 'id~rC Y Copper Inuit for hundreds of years. LL? ~~rc. c..t>cw>c <;pp""'- Aamaluqsiliqsimajut nagjuit amiak­ The ring of antlers turned out to be cr. LrLC a..L,,,l\Q'"10 .... ('­ kuviniunniqput sanajaunnikuvinirmit the remains of a structure that had L<..Jn . 1:J.("'iO""Crn..~c a..«·b"O""c..~ qimainnagaunniq&unilu ukiunguliqtut been abandoned almost two hundred I>'r<" IIJ'bI>.."'''' 1>0,."'1...', O"Io Q.~~\O"'­ kuviniit qulillu tallimallu iglurjuaviniit house structures were found on the [>\\f'CJ'iIo. nanijaulauqput qikiqtami, tallimat island, five of them with antler rings. nagjungnik aamaluqtuliuqsimaplutik. The archaeologists also found the <1[>';'0'" L c; ?o'tr. 'ibt>~L...c;.nc a..L 1.,<;10,.,>' Itsarnitalirijit natvaakkannilaurmijut remains of some older structures '-.0.." b ... o-'i·.,.)CTr ... ..J L<-?· '. .,: 'l> lor , • 'bl>".> , sisimaplutik takunngarnaqtunik nag­ strange antler formations. l> L..>' <'<1" <1CI>(" 4,400-... ",'<"­ jungniungngittuq. ('ib'iLC Gordon [>'ib'iIoJ'il. 'ib'iLn.?t>L­ During two summers, the scientists 1>'", 'n.<1~H<..>J. l>~L<..>a--> , ..~'l. Aujaangni marruungni, qaujisaqtit excavated and rebuilt two of the ~Q..I;.t>Q..,Jr<..JJ Q..L~A( ""orn:r'ilonc;·­ saggaqsivut sanakkanniq&unigillu structures with antler rings. Upon .,.)r (. malruuk aamaluqsiliqsimajut nagjuit. counting, they discovered that one Naasaigamik, qaujivut iglurjuaq house contained about 4,400 cari­ Gordon l>~L<''' '" L<" ..' 'QjL<" atausiq 4,400-nik nagjuktaqarmat bou antlers which Gordon says may <11>0,.''(1)' "I><-I>"(L",H<->r' 1>0,."­ Gordon uqaqtuq qarmarijaulaurnar­ have been used make an open dome 'I... ' ,,,,(L<" I>PI>"(I>' M<..>r' • riarasugiplugu. Isumaplunilu saniranga roof. He suggests the walls were "",..(<-I>"(L''r' b..><1~PI>"­ sanajaunasugiplugu nagjuit qaliriiliq­ probably made by stacking the antlers (1)''''''' Cl>L'", n«·nr<'r·. Cl>­ tiq&ugit. together. L ... a..J<...,J 'ib'ilo)'ilo Q..0"'r'~\a.. C;l.>n c 6,J)!:1 C Gordon isumajuq nagjungnit sanasi­ Gordon thinks the antler structures P·.,,/\cr\('''O'''· JI\ ... ..,;<:< A?/\O"'\f'''O'''·. majut aujaqsiurviulauqsimanasugiplu­ may have been summer houses and P(<1.. Cl>LJ<1 <<-1><' LC. • git ujaqqanit sanasimajut ukiuqsiur­ the stone structures may have been vigiplugit. "nanisilauqsimangngitka­ winter dwellings. "We've never 8.DA( ..oa..'ib'LC Cn.t>< r'r::..(T luarapta suli ukiuqsiurvingnik taiman­ unearthed winter dwellings this far nLJ,",'"'b'iIoJ'i1o Q..o-r"«e" .b&.O"')PI>"(I>'" 'r' Cl>L 'bL.. ' }<1'r'<-­ uqaqtuq nanisijungnaqputit Inuit places where the people had camp I>'L'. CL'r' <1'".rb'·J· cn.l>r' kik&uvininginnik tupiilluuvva piruvini­ fires or tent rings, but that's about I>'l.('br·. ":'<-'rI>Cl>r~­ nginnik, kisiani taimatuaplauvang­ all." l>' 'PLl>o,.n.<1'1.<-1>" >' cn.l>r ,,"U'­ mata. " r'O"'· J·Jr't>'"'n\~'i~n". t>~( Inuit traditionally lived in the coastal "",n L ..> b<.. ' ,,,,(L<" ~..0,.1><" Inuit nunaqaqpaktutuqaungmata tari­ regions and only ventured into the AL..J'i ....Lt>'i- up sinaani timmualauqpakkaluaq&utik interior to hunt periodically during a.. 'in..<]C A..o\fFC cn.[>'irt>o-C. qakutikkut. Gordon uqaqtuq nanisiv­ the year. Gordon says the only other vikkannituaq ukiuqsiurvingmik taima inland place where winter homes Gordon 6.,( .... c....t>c;.>c;. <]()< fw:lJ'ib'icrC t>r'Lloj'irt>a-(. (aLa.. jigiikasaktuk tariumit ungasikkamik. Lake. Both places are similar because 'bl>".L<-I>'L'<'· J'JL..> 1><1"',,<1'. Naatlarmiutaugiaksaq, Inuit qimaijari­ they are located far from the sea. To P(<1.. <1n'r 1I'~('rL..> l>~l>' ":'<-'­ aqalauqput tariumi pitqusirmingnik live at Nadlak, the Inuit would have rl>' l>' 'bI>L0,.1><" ":"J". Gordon tuktusiuqtingngurlutik. Unaat sanna­ had to abandon their coastal lifestyle <1('r L..> <111"'U' ,'b?":"J' )?d<1 tillu kaapanit sanasimajut nanijaujut to hunt caribou instead. Harpoons and ~l>' 'PLl><' cn.l>r·? l?d 'i·« narriaqput inungnit tariurmiunit. house indicate the people may have 'PP"Cr? l>', ' ..C,n."" 'bl>".'<,nU­ been related to the Copper Inuit from <1" ''''·..d' l>;,("..'r.... b< Gordon ilitsilauqpuq atianik qikiqtaup the coastal region. 6.D!J.( . inutuqarnit umingmaktuurmiunit. Taimna qaujimalaurmajjuk tuktullu Gordon learned the name of the island Gordon bn"~l>,"J" Cd'" , .. ' '1.1>­ uajarviat. Kisiani atingi pitqusingillu ~ ft from Inuit elders in the Bathurst area. .. Q..?Ct>a..7'iQ.. 'in.c Inuit naatlarmiut itqaumajaujungniiq­ They were familiar with the place Cl>d'l. ~"b<-I>'L'lC. l>~L<''' (<-r' tuq. Gordon asingillu apiqqusiksa­ and with the caribou migration routes. 1I'<'n'b~~r<..>J. I>PI>.. 1500-.. ' qarunaaqtut suurukua Inuit qimaivat But the names and the customs of 1800-~' I>PI>"C"J" l>"'",'<'­ tariumik? Suurukua naatlarmik niruaq­ the Nadlak people no longer exist <1' ..'b<-I>'L'. 'bl>".,"n' Cl>o,.'l.' sivat? Qanuq inuusiqalauqpat qikiq­ in human memory. Gordon and the "r'd C;~< rr'i ....n\f ... o",. '-c..'i ft n C ­ sanannikut inuusivininginnik kaapa minds. Why did this group of Inuit (",'n.<1'L'. Cl>L'", II'L'. Gordon Inuit. leave the coast? Why did they choose l>~L<'''. ~l>' L'bl>'<'J' CL' P'.. • Nadlak? What kind of life did they lead cr'i ....no",· cn.t>r c ..Da..r'-J Jrt)r"[>Jrt­ Gordon katiqsuiliqtuq takujaksanik on the island? The archaeologists b"'O"'("'"(".1>O;o. 'in.Cl>c-'ift­ qaujinnarutaunajarnarrianik suuq hoped the structures and relics found ..>n L..>. Gordon 1>'b"J" r'<- III>(C­ naatlarmiut taikunga nutqalaurma­ at the campsite would give them l>·",'L'. l>~l>' l><-'r' I>n~~r<..>r' ngaataa. Isumajuq silamik pitjutiqara­ clues to the lifestyle of the Copper Cn.I>~' l><-'r' <1I>L~n.4"nL..>r' sugiplugu. Ukiuni 1500-nit 1800-nut Inuit. Pc ukiuqtaqtuq ikkiirnarjuarniqalaurmat, p'.r~r.~bcr ( "'QJL""~ A L...) (At>< "'cr4cr !:J.LJ~)~(. Uqammaaqluni tupiqarvik isumagi­ .:(<...~ )i\%'''~<...~~)~ 1450 ~p~< jaksarjuuvuq nanisinirmut nalunailiq­ Gordon says this theory seems to %crr.,.'l.~ 'f'Ll.~<-,~-, 1700 ~p~< titsiplangmat kaapa Inuit naniilaurnir­ fit in with the apparent occupation %~r.,.'l.~, ~%"L"-'~ )i\%',,' 6,L­ mangaataa nalunaitkutaqtaqarlua­ period. Nadlak was used as a tent ra.,.·","'.J>~ a..a-r'cr<;JC Q..,Ja..dr'ift()'r'<­ rungniiraangat tariumi. campsite around 1400 AD, became a c..."L' b< 6.~6.C a..~c...t>"iO""'iL\(.C more permanent settlement with a..Ja..A(dC~C~<;J4?\~~~( c~t>r. Itsarnitalirijit nunangngualiuqpai ta­ stone houses after 1450, and was marmik sanasimajut qinirialiq&utiglu abandoned around 1700. He added AC"'<;a-Cr~~c ~a..\~4rt>~

    25 where Copper Inuit were livinll during a period when there is little evidence of their living on the coast.

    The archaeologists mapped all of the structures and began searching to see what lay underneath. Each artifact that was found was carefully cata­ logued according to its location and the level at which it was discovered. CoppermlOe \I' ... ~j" The archaeologists found that the houses they were excavating had four complete stone floors built on top of each other. This indicates that the houses had been seasonal dwellings Baker lake and had been occupied for hundreds of years. ~ Artifacts were found on the different levels. In 1985, the scientists found firestarters, some needle cases, bro­ ken soapstone pots, a pottery shard me; Lt>' r''L'l.'. ll."'..C,­ put iglurjuit saggakkatik sitamanik per items like knives and which ~~( ~t>~Lt>~>( .6.LJ~~.6.( ~LL·bn· natiluktaaqarmata ujaqqanik qaliriinik. helped confirm that the people of (CL.. ' ..(U' C'b' LC l>'7"'b.. ' 'b,n:­ Tamanna nalunaijaivuq iglurjuit inigi­ Nadlak were Copper Inuit. 0"". CL La.. Q.Ja..6.~.6."". 6. ~ J <; ·'UJJ. ( jauvalaurmata ukiuq qanuilirninga ll... r'7l><:c...l>'LC l>Pl>'" 'b..ll.,' ..'L malik&ugu inigijauqattaaq&unilu In 1986, the scientists found some Lr".,.JJ .6.crr?t><;b c (:P[:>O"'· ukiunik amisunik. ornaments such as tiny, carved wood­ c...l>">' n'. 1985-,. 'bl>i","n' Q."(­ nanisilauqput ikuallaksautinik, mitqu­ been jewellery and a spear support for c...l>"> , ll.dn.. •• ,"dCl>(­ tausivingnik, siqumisimajunik utku­ singnik utkusiksamit sanasimajunik, a kayak. "'.. ', ('d,(L.,'.. • l>'dc'..' l>'d­ (',,' , ..(L.,'..'. ('dLLd .. '-, ll.<­ siqummakuniglu ipjurnit sanasima­ Parts of a leather harness found at the ~<;cr( ~a..r'L~CT· t>~O"'LJ. a..crr'LL""'­ junik unaaniglu. Nanisimmaaq&utiglu site suggest the inhabitants may have .,.JnLJ ~~\O"'c ~a..r'L~O"'. ~·jnrJrc savingnit sanasimajunik uuktuutigilu­ git pilautit ullullu nalunailiqtitsikkan­ had dogs. The remains of a birch­ ALt>n c t>'-J'-J Q.Ja...6.r<;"('l( r'·bLcr..... - bark basket suggest they may have :Jcr" a:cL<;n>c b'< 6~d>'iLC. niqtunik naatlarmiut kaapa inuulaur­ traded goods with Indians living to the mata. south of them. 1986-,. 'bl>i","'n' ..~Cc...l>">' 1986-mi, qaujisaqtit nanisilauqput ~,jnr-,J 'Q.'~­ The archaeologists were only able to Al>'l>n..' 'P.,". piusautinik uuktuutigilugu mikijut, excavate two houses because of the 'Q.'~'7,l>< niaqungi, ak&ap kigutaa ujamiup ilagi­ ,Pr~ of their work. Excavation involves \1,.-, ,.. cL.," ?n-,'pl>c...l>' ..,­ laurnarriagaa, saviillu sanasimajut ~?'i· 4..0< .6.L'l .6. .... Lr<;~n( r'> .. 11 Quick or careless movements can mean the loss of an important artifact. .Da.."'bL[:><;":JC c;pLr"'bc.J>c; .... r<...>r. Q..(<;I0_ Qisiujaq anup ilanga isumaliqtitsivuq 'b~ However, their search told thern the j< .. ' 'Q.(L.,''' A'dCl>c'", nunaqalauqtut qimmiqaiaurasugiplugi. Cl>"'!"C'bn'b~,r<-,r' Inuit intended to stay at Nadlak for a ll.'L,"'n'(>'" Napaaqtuup qaanganit sanasimajuq long time because, although their t>a.. '-('""IT" p,nr\';' (:>0- •• piqutausivvik isumaliqtitsivuq tauq­ homes were seasonal structures, they siiqtaqatiqarasugiplu9it unallinik ­ had stone floors and walls. .6.(~<;O"'Cr~~( ~LL..... j"'J4Lt>~>( L'i­ timingniittunik. ?.6. .. a:\0"' • .6.LJ<;~7t>< o...6,L­ The archaeologists learned that the rT\l..oc Arf'L<]\fC-, A C r'"'~'C~ A~r. ~~LLd~LJ ~~~~~ nainninganut piliriangitalu pitsia­ from an estimated 100,000 animals , ..C'b'L'l.' i"n , (.," ..'L' ll.'L­ saatsiajusariaqaqpuq nunamik siqum­ caribou bones with the exception of r'7·".,'<:J'f l>P~" 'b~- nginnirlu asiujititsijungnarmat isuma- 26 The abundance of caribou probably t.Ler'l..D' ,J~Jn' ~'>-l'Ler'f'. gijaksarjuarmik piqutivinirmik. Kisia­ kept the residents at Naklak, Gordon t>7~~'ibO"''' a..n'ibc c:.. c,- c;rt>' ukiuq qanuinninganut atugausuralu­ survive in a harsh land. Not only could A~6. ( c; LC ) It )0- It • aq&utik sanasimaningi, ujaqqanik they provide food, their fat was prob­ ,,-er,'.,' , ~l>er'f'Ler' 100,000 I>'l.c'er natiqarmata saniraqaq&utiglu. ably valuable to residents for lighting O"''i~nC c:..cL'ir. CL'irJ"Cbl.,lo )lo)C lamps and for cooking. The skins ~ l>er,,-c..1> I, t. AC'I>c..1> , ";r< ' bJer Itsarnitalirijit ilitsivut naatlarmiut Inuit were likely used for , clothing n'rr'Lt.c­ aturluariaqalaurmata tuktunik. Nanisi­ and footwear. Bones could make ~« I..,l>o-\(''''O'''''. jut sauninginnik 100,000 ungataani needies and weapons while sinew nirjutit naatlarmi. Tamarmiluktaaka­ could serve as sewing thread." ) .. )r'i­ sak tuktut saunirilaugai pitaqalaur­ "- ',,-'I>"::J". "::J'::J' juumivakkaluaq&uni tingmiarusii, iqa­ Many arrowheads and several lance­ A7,,-'LC luit, siksiit umingmailluuvva sauni­ heads were found at the excavated I>Lerr'La. "f ...... )(P. ) ... .a\f' .6,'i­ have intercepted caribou in the water. "- ',,-" t.dL'.,'n' ~1>L'­ Tuktugiangninganit nunaliit naatlar­ Spearing the animals was a simple .,'n'~'rL.D' t.1,'.,'n'~'f'L.DCJ. <:Ll>'ia.'in.;c l.,a..7l>...... a.c..l>'i,,>, sijungnalaurmata uumaniarumik were crossing the water. Moving r'~nrI>I,I>Jn' ,Jcc..l>n'~erLJ t.'ib'iloJ'ilo !:1 C l.,'io-Cc-n.r- c ,. ... c....­ jutiksanginnut igajjutiksanginnullu. lances. t>nO"''' o.O"'(?c:..'\fLa.r" c:..cL'ir CAL Amingi atugauvalaurnarriat tupirnut, 'ide- 'i a.A ( Jr It 'ibl>r-c...t> \ "of' ( J( 'ib.a C;lo annuraanut kamingnullu. Sauniit While caribou are good swimmers, ::J'::J' 'L~c'. t.>, sanajaujungnalauqput mitqutiliugau­ they usually like to choose shallow An','J' 'I>''';c..I>',,-',,-c..1>">, ~LI,I,I>.,'r t.LJ'.,''ib'iloJ'ilo A.aA' t><"Cc-[>'ia. 'i n..:r' A',',,-­ Gordon uqaqtuq itsarnitalirijit sullau­ animals used the area around the , LC, I>C'''P<'..>­ tinik nanisirunaangnginnamik naatlar­ island as a river-crossing point. The ne n ... cr'i .... L.JC ngittut qanuq tuktut angunasugauva­ crossing." While the archaeologists () P c...>n It Q.J It n ..J r( bA< ..JO'" r... ..J laurmangaataa. Iput pitiksimut qar­ were at Nadlak last summer, they t.A'::JJ' b~"J'. juulaurnarriat kapuutillu nanijaulauq­ saw between 20,000 and 40,000 put saggagaujumi iglurjuarmi. Uqaq­ caribou cross the river. ::J'::J' "-JcJ";I,Jt.'. er?~~ tumik Inuit pivalaurmata. Utaqqivak­ of the house, the archaeologists (T'~ ....nc ">, C pangmagu nuna avataani nalugvigip­ ,,-er7r'er'. 'PP"CJ' I>n?

    Saggallarmik sanakkanniq&utiglu ig­ lurjuarmik, itsarnitalirijit ajjiliurivut nanijamingnik. Qikiqtamut utiruaqtut alraagu saggariaqturlutik sanasima­ junik qaujivaallikkanniruamut tupiqar­ vingmik inungniglu taikaniilauqtunik taipsumanisarjuaq.

    27 Can Kayaks Qajait Come Back? Utirungnaqpat?

    by Eugene Arima Eugene Arima piliriarijanga

    Can real Inuit kayaks come back in /:u,l;' 'b':7" ->Pl>"'C"J-!' l>n? \­ Inuit qajalluavigi ukiuqtaqtumut uti­ the Arctic? It has been about twenty L"<'? l>Pl>' L'?' ' Cl;<~L~',l>n)' l;')­ qaangiqsimaliqput taipsumanirmiuti­ kayaks were around, a fine sight that " ~':7"C~~l>"'n"->J, Cd'L"')'" tut ittumik qajaqtaqalauqtillugu, ta­ many, whether oldtimers or their now '~"'''''\L'''C'L'. CL'dr'. makkuktuukpataluunniit aulajijung­ ber. In the meantime, a whole new ~r~nr')~?~"'>'" ~':7,~. Cd~l>"'­ naqtangat. Tamatkua pitillugit, inuuli­ generation has arrived who missed ~L\~')~' P~~n' "~?nlI~)~'r' ~l;­ lauqsimangngittunik kisianili imakkuu­ at skimming over the waves in this nCl><"rPl>' ~<~bL~l>r"'>'. ~':7rl>"')?­ jumik. ~~c~~n~JJ ~< l>Pl>"'C"'­ Ukiut qapsikallauliqp';J1, qajaliuqturu­ kayaking boom in the south aM'in )~~. ~~J~~~r ~?~)~~~ J\~<~­ naaqtaqaqtillugu qaplunaat nunaanni Europe which is now being echoed l»'" 'b':7rl>"')?~~'. )'bl;LL. CL'­ iurupmilu tusarnakkanniqtaqtut in the Canadian Arctic. Whitewater d~, ~L'L'~\~"'))' ~L~L"'" Canada-up ukiuqtaqtungan' urlur- kayaks are the basis for this boom, \~Ll..A'>' l;~A' ~L<'C- nirmi qajaqturniq tungnga q qa- of course. These southern-designed 'f'..', r Lt>; ..:>,,, jaliuqturunaanut, suuqaimma. Tamat­ craft are quite different from Inuit n'~r' t>pt>"c":>r kua qaplunaat nunanganningngaaqtu­ construction, while many of the "sea ~~~:>~d' ~~<,~'C 'jnr~J. British-rt>, marikput Inuit sanavaktanginnit, northern native forms but with signifi­ ~?~~t>It>IL:>' 'rt>n:>' ~~I­ ajuqaqsijautillugit ukiuqtaqtumi sea kayaks like the Nordkapp are said L'LC. PI~IL~' 'r­ nunalituqait sanavaktangitta ajjingi to be of Greenland design, but they t>c v-\J":~::>c-~":>r' d'~~IL<~n' P~­ British-miut qajaliangi atiliit the and have had a stern blade added like ..< b'f~brt>..~ c~t>'r asiujisimajut akukitturmiut v-ngujaaq­ On the west coast of Canada and the Lt>;":>, ~?d' ' tuliangannik aluanik amma papiruq­ US the sea kayaks are mostly sup­ ' ~~?d..'. PI.. suutaujaaqtumik iIIirisimaplutik kingu­ posed to follow Aleut design, but I:>'~'''' '. ' ..t>"<':>' ~~?t>~, original. A few southern commercial 'rt>'f'n:>' Canada-up kangiani amiurikamiunilu products even derive from the Inuit ~~IL~' b~Ct>< t>Pt>..C,,:>~C pc­ tariurmi atugausuqtut qajait ajji­ sea kayaks of the Eastern Canadian ..:>'. ·~'. qaplagiaqaqput aliut sanajainik, kisia­ Arctic, with the usual major changes. nikkanniqtauq sivuliirnik ajjiqangngim­ CL'd"<':>' marikkivut. Amisuungngittut niuviak­ None of these supposedly native­ ~~~:>~"n:>' ~~;L~..~"Ct><~n' sauvaktut sanajaujut ajuqaqsiplutik derived commercial craft have re­ ~.. '~';\'f~':>'f~. Cd<~r' ?~">'. tut, asiangngugaulluaqsimagivut. same, and as for appearance, their ~'~''nct><'­ looks are too different. But there are ~n·. ~A~~""~( ~~'l.""cr ACJcr~~­ Tamatkua nalialluunniit niuviaksau­ a great many of them being manufac­ t>~?'~"j"' vaktut nunalituqaqtitut sanasima­ tured, and they are spreading far and de:>, ~?d( t>n"nct>''f'~"C"> ~d( ~?'f t>nW7'­ tungiii, takuplugit ajjigingngiluagai. unless the Inuit-style kayaks can ~~Pt>~~.. A~;' Kisiani amisummariit sanajaurunaaq­ somehow make a real comeback. '~;:>~'- put, ammalu ungavammaringnut There are signs that an Inuit kayak ,'J' 6'J' ~~7~'LC «'(r4?C­ aullaqtitauvak&utik, inuilluunniit comeback is imminent. From time ~o"L..'" '\,7rl>?("'. CL'd4 tuuqquut Inuit sanajangittitut ittut qa­ examples of traditional craft have ~~~b~~~nCt;(. ~J~6~t~bL- jait utiqtitaungngitpata. been constructed for preservation and ..~>'. '\,76' Ir~<~n'. 6/Lr7'­ display, helping to keep the know­ ~'~<~n' 4~~/JCl>'LC. 'I>.. 'd' Takunnaqtuqaqtaqpu Inuit qajangi ledge of how to build kayaks alive. ~~7l>c...l>~J" !>' jnr~J 'l>L.. ' J4', utiqsinnarianingmata. Qakutikkut uki­ Such reconstruction projects make it 1985-, J'J(l>?L,' 'l>7rl>' ..~ ungujuni pingasut atgainni. takujaksat clear, too, that kayaks were serious, 6"~b'/l>< ~(~'Cb~"'" l>'d(" sanajaujjusituqarmiktut ittut sanajau­ important hunting instruments. A ~r"l>Cl>~~. 6;(J'\,'J' 4J~J'~­ vangmata papatsigiarutauplutik taku­ recent example is the building at (7'"" Pa..t>?O"' .. L­ jimanirmik qajaliurusirmik. Tamatkua hunting kayak by Innakatsiq who lived l>~>~. 4'/~ 6",'~' '\,7r­ sanakkanniqtitsiniit, nalunaiqsikkan­ much of his life at Utkuhikhalik (Back l>'I'Cc...l>~>' l>Pl>~~c...l>~J~. !>'j­ niqput, qajait sulijuuplutik, isumagi­ River). A cultural grant from the nr~J ~L:>6r b'f'~1 ',l>C" 'P~'..' jaksarjuuplutik angunasugutaung­ Department of Indian Affairs and ~'J'" ~r~(L~,' '\,7rl>c...l>~J~ mata. Qanikkut sanajaulauqtuq uuk­ Northern Development funded the ~~4r7l><~.. '\,l>o"L7l>'~~'Jr' ..~­ tuutigilugu qamani I tuarmi 1985-mi project. Several individuals have also l>~.. ' 4J~l><'J" o"An ~'~"'. tuktusiurummik qajaliurninga Innakat­ tried building kayaks on their own in siq inuusiluktaakasangminik Utkuhik­ recent years, such as Samwillie of 4d'r~" 1983-~n"~J. 4~' L'­ haliklingmiutaujuq. Inuusituqarmut Kangirsuk who built a small plywood­ d'J~. ~(A. JA'~,' 4,"(L~,' atuqtuksanik kiinaujanik atuqtitauplu­ skinned kayak used with much plea­ 'ib?r[>c"J>"i,,><;ft )"\l.<"~"'~rr :>~c.J>~C­ tik inulirijituqakkunnit tamanna sana­ sure by his well-known son-in-law, , .. ' 6~J'\,''''. 6'~r'r 1984-, niq akiliqtugaulauqpuq. Amisuplait­ Zebedee Nungak. '\,~' L'?' ~~7l>c...l>~>' ~(A <,~" tauq inmingnik qajaliurasuktalauqput ~4'o" 4l>'~~'"~ 6/L" ..'. CL'd4 ukiungusaalauqtuni, uuktuutigilugu At Akulivik in 1983, a young man, ~~7l>~' Al>~~Cl>''f''bJ~''n"~r' Samwillie Kangir-sungmiutaq qijung­ Yosepi, made a canvas-covered craft IdCl>''f'c...~ P(4..r ~~7l>·L~c...l>'­ nit saattunik qaaliqsimajumik qajaliu­ based on information he obtained Le. ~a..A~t>~ ~<;~?~\(7'"~L~ ..(7'"·. lauqtuq quviagijauplu~qaujimajaullu­ from older people. In Igloolik during 4 LL 6b~LL'LC Lr~'\,'14' .. ~,' riktumit ningaunganit atugauvaktumik 1984, two kayaks were built by %?r[>'i(7'"'ir" )Pt~(t4<;rr<;r\~( Zebedee Nungak-mit. Josepi Padlo and George Auksaq on !>'J,~n"~r'. 6LL~ AC'b'b"..'­ their own initiative. That not all of ~ '1\.4'J~~4~ 'bl>o"L ''f'c'. . makkuktuq, Yosepi, tupiksamik amiq­ does not matter so much as the fact simajumik qajaliulauqpuq tungngavvi­ that they were built, testifying to 1980-' 'f'n,6n"Jr' Lr~'I>'(4'­ qaq&uni tusalauqtaminik inutuqarnit. strong individual interest. Also they (7'"~~r· ~?rt>'i(7'""''''bLt>~>~ A~L~­ Iglulingmi 1984-mi qajaak marruuk helped lead to more organized kayak 4',. ,'(LCr', 4 LL 6L~r" 4,­ sanajaulauqpuk Josepi patlumit building by their tangible example. I <~n' '\,l>"'LC'\,~Jn' George Auksaq-millu isumamingnik. There may be other instances perhaps "'bt>r:-- L Ln. .)r" ~)'ib "i 0""". ;. L. L ")0""" Tamatkua sanajaujut piujuqtaung­ unknown to us here; any news is A<;l,)C. ~~\cr· 4")( f c r\J~>' Amma ikajummaarmata maligaqat­ kayak-making occurred at Inukjuak, 'f'('..'. 6/Lr7'~'~~~C\L. Cl>'J'f' siarnisamik qajaliurnirmik tukisinat­ Mitimatalik (Pond Inlet) and Igloolik A"d(J'b',' Lr'LC. 4,l..'f' a: L­ siarnirmingnut uukturaqtillugit. Imma­ with several being built at each place L")C \a..7[>L[>"4)'. '-L­ qaa pitaqakkannirnarriangugaluaq under the guidance of knowledge­ C... b~C PCC l>Pl>"C~J'(,C '\,76 qaujimangngitaptingnik; tusagaksa­ able old-timers. Satisfactory craft 6''\,67l><"r4~7r''J'; Pr'4... 4'f'­ qaqtuqamiaqpat tusarumavavut. have resulted. Wood frameworks rr'ft\c;ft L~.,'i. PaJ>?"'ia-"'" were constructed and covered with A'L'. b~(''f''<'. "6''I>67l>.. '­ 1980-t qitiraitillugit maligaqatsiarniq­ painted canvas or fibreglassed Ceco­ ~~" A4c...6 " ..4">~. samik qajaliurniqqalauqpuq Inukjuak­ nite aircraft fabric, except at Miti­ mi, Mitimatalik-mi amma Igloolik-mi matlik where half were covered with 6~L~4', ~~7l>~' 1984-, J(( amisuplait sanajauplutik qaujimata­ ringed sealskin. Most importantly, the ~l>b?4~ P~l>7"C'L' $8,500-..' qaq&utik qaujimmariktumik inutuqar­ shapes were traditional. Enough were t>Q.~r( <])""')<]'iA\l."(7'"( d

    L built, over a dozen, that the Eastern "a..a-L..J(~ ..l>~~l><-,.. $1,200-~' tingmisuupluuvva qaaksanganik, ki­ greater part depended on government Expo '86-,'. 1985-, Canada siani Mitimatlik-mi nappangi amiq­ funding, without its continuation, any Manpower-'d' d">' simalauqput qisingnik. Isumagijaksar­ "revival" will be at a slower pace. $3,200-.. ' 4P~'~C~'~ ..' C"rL­ juujuqtaq. tauttungi pitqusituqarmik a-~ ~?c-7C-<1 ~"\('La- ~ C C"Pa- ~ C"'c-La-. tut sanajaulauqput, arvinil;;t ungataa­ in 1984 when Moses Nowkawalk ~c;c- a..~Lr"..>.. ..> "I>~'..>b. "J" . ~~o"'t>"" was sold for $1,200 to Expo '86, in JA"I>'~'C"..>n' P'J~' C'~'L..). provided $32,000 to cover materials a,~ct>..' A~t>">c. C",L' <..>n' 1985-r. d<' ab"'~/Jn­ Charlie Nayummialuk pilirijuq was the master builder, assisted by r7'L a~''''<1< "I>7,t>' ..'L~' J""r­ kikturiaqtuurmi (Kupait Tarrangani), Paulo Kasudluak, Liivai Amidlak, <"Jc "<<-("'"~d<...)r(. "c-(\.C"'"~"n( "'a-~ 1985-mi. Johnny Nastapoka, and Moses who A<"dCt>bt>nrLL~t>"J'. "I>7,t>?(­ handled the modern covering process J'b~.." J"7t>"''' ~"'Lr\rC ~, ("J" ~~7t>­ anginiqsaq gavamanit pijaujuksaq ing camp was set up at Kikturiaqtuuq ",.. ' 1985-r C7a' 5 rC.. ' kiinaujaqarniq pingmat, kajusingngit­ about 15 km south of Inukjuak so that CPcr'i· .... t>c;·'i~·J( r'("'"·j

    Inugjuarmi sanajaujut 1984-mi Moses Nowkawalk kiinaujaqtaarmat $8,500­ nik unallit atuqtuarvingannit kupa­ ingmit sananiaq&uni tallimanik qajar­ nik. Marruinnaak sivulliik pianigauga­ luaqtillugik, atausiq niuvigaupluni $l,200-nut Expo '86-mit. 1985-mi Canada Manpower-kkut kupaingmi tunisilauqput $3,200-nik akiliijjutau­ juksanik tal'imanik qajaliaksanik am­ ma tallimat angutit kiinaujaliaksangin­ ni tatqinik tallimani. Charlie Nayum­ mialuk sanasuqtuqtaupluni, ikajuqti­ qaq&uni Paulo Kasudluak, Liivai Amidlak, Johnny Nastapoka, ammalu Moses piliriaqaqtuq amiqsijjusiqtaa­ saamik tingmisuup qaaksanganik illai­ jutiksamiglu. Sanajiujut tupiqarvik­ taaq&utik Kikturiaqtuuq-mi 15 kilamii­ tanik Inukjuak kivataani pilirijit i&uilisaagauniangngimmata, pinga­ sunik arviniliit avalut pianigaulauqput,

    Installing the kayak ribs. "ibL,oE> < Jrl.:-'r"tr" .6,c-t>'ift'ibAa-'ift. Qajaup tulimaanginnik iliuqqainiq. Kikturiaqtuuq. 1985. P'J~

    31 .. '. .. . .,

    ....

    \ .

    " "• ~ " ' . ",j t 1 t tractions, and eight frameworks This kayak framework was built by tallimat amigauplutik 1985-mi. Kupak were actually built, five of which got John MacDonald, with instruction ikajurasugutigijanga Inukjuak qajaliur­ covered in 1985. Quebec's ultimate from Uyaraasuk, at Igloolik ninganut tujurmivaktut pivaalliquplu­ aim in backing the Inukjuak kayak­ in 1986 git. Piliriliqtitsiniq pivaallirutaukauti­ making is the promotion of tourism. gimmaalauqtut, qajaliurusituqaviniq ~b"'t>< "'Q..,t>c..t>~~:J~" The employment provided was an CL CL <1<...)<3 tunijaujuq najummialungmit asiminut. immediate benefit as was, of course, ~ .. Lloc.oCr C. 7~I'r(, ll.'->",'r 1986- 1985-mi taapkua qajait 5 miitanit tradition from Nayummialuk to the \In .. ..JJ. takiniqsauraarjuktut siliktuuplutiglu rest. Moses made an excellent photo­ nangiarnaqunagit. graphic record of the 1985 construc­ Taamna qajaup avalua sanajau­ tion. These kayaks were a bit over lauqtuq John MacDonaldmit. Mitimatalik-mi 1985-mi, arviniliit qa­ 5 metres long and were wide for ajuqiqtugaupluni Uyaraasukmit, jait sanajaulauqput kiinaujanik tuni­ safety reasons. Iglulingmi 1986-ngutillugu. jauplutik Manpower-kkunnit. Taapkua anginiqsaulauqtut Inukjuak-mi sana­ At Mitimatalik in 1985, six kayaks jaujunit qajarnit, takiniqaluktaakasak­ were built with Manpower funding. &utik 6 1/2 miitanik siliktummariugip­ These craft were bigger than the lutiktauq. Qaujimmariktut inutuqait

    -,

    '. , -',

    The Uyaraasuk-MacDonald kayak, t>':::rCi i < L" C.o (..J 'ib7c-( P~l>?~· J~?l>' ~'~·Cb~·..>n· 6 1/2 r'C~' uqtut Tununirmiut qajaliurusitu­ .6.c-l>c;·c;bA~c;· ()\r,l 'ib " \{,,D , t,':>LLn.~r<..>n'c~". ~~~LLn.':>' qanginnik ukuangulauqtut Pitwili P·:>n.~A' A,n.~C~~~":>' ~d' Pt'~' ~~­ aaqqiksugauningani sanajautillugillu iliuqqaijuq tingmisuup qaak­ ~~ •. Ar~~4LC~~n· Ab~Ll>~JC nukariik Peter-Iu Paniluk ammalu Paul­ sanganut Kikturiaqtuumi. :>~,~, ~~,~?t:>~'f'~' ~d' AC~, ~':>~". ,~.. ilinniaqtitsinirlu pijaunasuluarniqsau­ r·..> ~bn> rasungnirmit, titiragauplutiglu qa­ tiC..> <~..>t...> A'~~'. ~t:>~'r' jaup atugaujjusiviningi. Sanajaujut r4~~t~~ Ar~~4~()C(~'iJ A?l>~rJ­ kuapangmut tunijauplutik, atausiq " r'tLC,'r p~~~,~­ Expo '86-mungngaupluni. Paul-usi, ,~'~'r'. nn,~~<..>n'..> ~~~< ­ tusarvigijaqput Expo-mungngaulauq­ ~~·~t~~'f, ~~~~~, d~­ puq July-mi. Inukjuak kayaks, being generally ~~<...>n·. ~. <~..>t. :>~'~r~">' Expo­ Malik&uni pinilungningangnik Josepi wide, too. The knowledgeable elders J'~~~~">" ~~Ar. Padlo amma George Auksaq igluling­ involved were Uuyukuluk from Ikpiaq­ mi, qajaliurnirmik ilinniaqtitsiniq juk, Qanguuq and Anguliainuk who Lr·~ A~J\~~\~· ~(A (C J < «JLL aaqqigaulauqpuq 1986 atulisaaq­ was in charge of the sealskin-covering ~Ll>~>~ suk agupiimiutaviniq, ilinniaqtitsi­ Tununirmiut kayak tradition were 1986 ,~"n·...>J A'~A' A,'~~. ~p~~~r. A~~' maanguliraangat unnukkut atgangin­ organizing as well as construction ~~A' 'f A' ni Zack Kunu, Marcel Mason, amma were brothers Peter Paniluk and Paul tCC'J,"~' ~'~'d' ~, ~. >'. n· jutiksamiglu, pitqusiq John qaujijauti­ Mitimatalik rather than any economic n'r!< ~.~~~. A·~A~n·,r'...>. taa qajaliurusiuliqtumut Canada-up benefits, and much historical informa­ A'~t.. John ~~~~~nC ~~,~?t~­ ukiuqtaqtungani. Josepi Padlo qajaliu­ tion relating to kayaks was recorded. ,":>J' b~C~< ~P~"C":>~~. ~tA laurivuq inminik, qijungnik saattunik The craft produced were donated <'J ~?rl>Ll>~>~ A~r~·. ~~\~. atuq&uni saningajunut. Malik&uni to the co-op, and one went to Expo ~cJcr· 4J"'.,)0'" "O"''l.~.Dc. Lc-r.JO'" Uyaraasuk sanajjusianik, mikijuq '86. Paul, our source for the Mitima­ ~~,!< '~·~t~·. rp~" :>~~,~­ Tununirmiutitut ittuq 5 miitanik takini­ talik construction, also went to Expo n:>' A':>" 5 r'C~' CP~~b,':>" 60 qakasaktuq 60 sintamiitanik silingni­ in July. (~CrCcr· 'c-\cr~"'Jcr. qaq&uni. 33 Following the efforts of Josepi Padlo Amma, August-mi, Moses Nowka­ and George Auksaq at Igloolik, a walk tikitpuq piniarasugipluni avalu­ kayak-making course was organized mik iglulingmit Ikpik-piimungngaruti­ in the first part of 1986 under an adult jaksaminik tautuktitsijjutiksaminik education program with Uyaraasuk, amiqsinirmik tingmisuup qaaksanga­ originally of Agu 8ay, as teacher. nut illaijutiksamullu. Quaqsaaqtitau­ During the winter, three frameworks vuq avalumik utaqqijaungnginmat, slowly took shape on Thursday even­ kisiani utuqqaup Piugaqtuq nagligi­ ings under the hands of Zack Kunu, liramiuk ikajuqpaa sanaqatigiplugu Marcel Mason and John MacDonald, atausirmik. our source. They were covered with Ceconite and fibreglass, the method Ammaluptauq, iglulingmi, John Mac­ John introduced to the current build­ Donald akukitturmiutitut qajaliulauri­ ing of kayaks in the Canadian Arctic. vuq 1985-mi, ikajuq&unilu George Josepi Padlo built another kayak on Paulo Kasudluak Jr. testing a Auksaq-mik ukiuq sanatillugu. Amma, his own, using cut-out plywood cross­ finished kayak. At Kikturiaqtuuq. Nordkapp-titut sanajjut, naksagaulau­ sections. This was based on Uya­ qtuq Frank Gordon-mit 1979-mi raasuk's design, which is a small <~J ~"J~~ ~b~~ ~'J~~J~ iqalungnut ajjigiinik arvinilingnik sanaj­ Tununirmiut type about 5 metres long A~.,.' (L...r' P 'JI\.~~j'r. jutaupluni, agjagauvuq akiqangngit­ by 60 centimetres wide. &ugu Nordair-kkunnit iglulingmut. Paulo Kasudluak nukaq&iq uuktu­ Taikani John-Iu Rennie Wissink-Iu Then, in August, Moses Nowkawalk raqtuq pianiksimajumik Kiktu­ aaqqiksuqpaak sanajaujungnaquplugu arrived expecting to pick up a frame­ riaqtuurmi. Nordkapp ukiuqtaqtungani ukiuqtat­ work in Igloolik and take it to the Ikpik tumi atugaksauluni piqulaugaatut Bay summer student camp to demon­ Goodman. Naammaaningngitkaluaq­ strate the Ceconite and fibreglass tillugu, uqausiulauqtutut, taamna covering method. To his dismay no sanajjusiq akukitturmiutitummarik spare framework awaited him, but old ingngittuq. Piugaqtuq took pity and helped Moses 'Jnr. j(( ..t>b?~ build one. AO"'"<1C;,JfJ·n'(·... ­ umait, nuititsijungnaqpata qajaliurusi­ In addition, at Igloolik, John Mac­ n·,r.,.· C~~7t>'~·..r. P~J~~t>< At>C'j< .. 'rrr~rt>· nganik akutsiviungngitpata. Kina qau­ Nordkapp mold, brought by English Ab"'~< , .."nr<-,J ('r', jimava qanuq piniarmangaataa qajait kayak designer Frank Goodman in amma qajaqturniq Inuit aviktuqsima­ 1979 to Frobisher Bay where six ~. AL-'r'r. John Mac­ ninganni? Utiliqtuugaluit. Aulajinaq­ copies were turned out, has been Donald nJ' "7rl>,-t>n.>~ tuksamik, ikajuqtuita amisunik Inuit transported gratis by Nordair to Igloo­ 1985-r. Ab"'~-,.,.-, ...',r' qajanginnik ukiuqtaqtuup tunguq&uni lik. There John and Rennie Wissink t>Pt>~ , ..n'-,J. c..t>~J~ Frank kanniqulugu. that Nordkapps may be produced in Gordon-r' 1979-r .o.,,-,'~' the Canadian Arctic for northern use <1"~rO"'· <..JO"'". as Goodman wished. Unfortunately, r'\..J C • C6.bo- John-..) truly Greenlandic. Rennie Wissink--, <" ..'d<-,J Nordkapp t>Pt>~C~J~~ It would be nice if each place could t>pl>"c'Jr J~ A'dc..t>CJ' revive its own traditional kayak style Goodman. a: L LO"'" \\or ( bJ<1'i\n'" -lJ . or if foreign designs are to be adapted t>"t>~l>c..t>"JJ'. (L.. '~'<'~" from Greenland, the Aleutians, or nJLLI\.' A'~'J", elsewhere, they were unadulterated. Who knows what will happen with Al>a.7 'ilo>'" <:1~'iQ. ,\('«( .DQ..c-t>L.6.c. kayaks and kayaking in the Inuit ~An'~ ... ' .."?~J~'r'~' regions? They're coming back though. ~­ Tununirmiut kayaks stored at For the sake of the symbolic image, 'r'. '~'~L< " ..~ A.,.( "ba,."l.( J('id'i.. t"L~'i· deep blue Arctic waters once more. nr~j1-JA'. c..~..~J·,r'. Ab"'~JAC Pl>~c~j< J'J"-,~ An<,~ AL~ simajuq mitsimatalingmi 1985­ .6.L" lc;loJ" ?a:r" b Lcr'idJJ . ngutillugu. 34 ICC 1986: Images of an Alaskan Village • fJ..lJfJ. c ~ c.. Cj ~4c-Lr bnL Cj ~4 Cj cr\L C

    Inuit Silarjualimaami 1rJ: LCO \J J JO J(Ol%JlltJ Katimarjuarningat I I II t: leu I /1 JII ...

    \ n I II I IIlC II II .. II' I -\ \ III t II II' 1011 Photographs by Basil Kiblakoot and III unl I UI \I UI~ u rill I"" I rill I lUI IIIII Kelly Curwin II II ... , Ult I III 4·~.~L~~' A~ ~<~~Lr' ,\\" \I I" I IJ II KIKI"'" nl. I Pr d"iA, ..r ...... ) 11111 I t"I'''' "If IJ 11111 K 1 I'tllI I I III Ajjiliugaujut Basil Kiblakootmit, •II It 1.\ II\I u II III I II III\ , Kelly Curwinmillu 1111 IU \\IIU l'I'IO\IU11) Itolllltil II

    .\ '\ .\ II J \11 II H I J. II c III If III 'd

    he 1/"111 ,.\ ... IIII If'lln III \ 1.1 II If 1\1'11 \1

    In July, more than 600 people ~~d', 600 ~~C~ d~d' b~C­ Julaimi, 600 ungataani inuit kana­ from Canada, Greenland and ,', 4dP'~" 4~'b'·~ bn~­ tamit, akukittumit alaaskamiJlu Alaska gathered in the tiny f>"'> ( 1''71 ..Da..r'i"c...°.-J' ';'11\­ katilauqput sigjami nunaliralaamut coastal village of Kotzebue, on a l>..J'. 4';;>\...1' ba.. \Q..LLt.'l.o- <1r­ kaatsipiumut, nuvungmut ka­ peninsula at the extreme north­ l>~bl>< bQ.\Q..\{.~. ~..D~C %~,-­ nangnammaringani amiurikaup western edge of the North Ameri­ ~~~, bnL~~~~~n' (CL~'~' kanangnangani. Inuit qailauqtut can continent. The people had d~d' (~·~4.L, bnL'~4'~­ katimajaqtuq&utik sitamangannik come for the fourth General '{, .....D C• Inuit silarjualimaami katimarjuar­ Assembly of the Inuit Circumpolar ningannut. Conference. bnL~~ Ar,,-4~4'k~">" ,j"vlf­ pp.",cr;':Ji LrL.rn..­ Katimaniq piJirialuaqalauqpuq The General Assembly focused ~",,, 4'7rt>'iq-'ir·. ~;%n­ maJigaJirinikmik" avatimiutanut, "Arctic Policy" on environmental, f\o-'if' I\(Ylrfl..~~r'~ Ar~4­ gavamalirinirmik, kiinaujaliurnir­ political, economic, social and ~~~~. ~;Lr~·~~~q~· ~~\~, mik, inuuqatigiingnirmik pitqusiJi­ cultural issues important to the ~Q. ·"4rL;-. P(4~ A~;4?(~ 'C, rinirmiglu piJiriaqaqtunik isumagi­ Inuit of the circumpolar region. bnL~~ q~~~?\~~n'I~~~~~ jaksarjuanik inungnut nunarjua­ But the week-long meeting also bnL?~~~~~' ~~~~~~L~n' limaami. Kisiani pinasuarusiJuk­ gave those who attended an 4(,' I\~'d(~~'. d;(~~·. taami katimaniq ajurnarungniiqtit­ opportunity to get to know each ~~?(~~. nCJ(~~'~. siJaurivuq katimajaqtuqtunut qau­ other's culture, lifestyle, language jiturauJlutik asimik piqqusinganik, and music. bnL~' ~~~Lr~~~, inuusinganik, uqarusinganik tita­ 4dP'~f';L~~~. gusinganiglu. The next General Assembly, in 19B9, will be held in Greenland. Kingullirmik katimaniksaujumaa­ liqtuq, 1989-mi, akukittumiitsu­ maaqtuq.

    35 t::. Rhoda nUksuk president of Inu,t Tap,nsat of C; ola. aridresses delegw'es to the ICC Elders Conference. Northern Quebec delegate Daisy Watt the r'9 tl co,chaired the meet'ng with Thomas Brower of Alaska (left). iii embe s Jf ,e uS t,on t::. Honour Guard took part in 'e ~c A~·~·. A,LCl>~' A~A( CA~'\'d~~v General Assembly opening bo.cr I>'b">" bnL\."::>"'L,",,~' d~d ceremonies on July 29. bnL',",,4'~'l'''' d~::>'bY·~'. d",L,<," n, <, (C~"A'n d',<:I>C' dc...r 71>'"'" US National ~'. ,1>"'" bnL~'r (L <~I»~' 4~'br' Honou· G' ard -.D ( I I>r'r d,Yl>n c c... ~>, b0L~I>< 1>' d d "c.I>.. 'I.~ ,""c...d 29 r. Rhoda I Ol ksuk i r-at Ijuq 'nit tap"iiksakkunginr. natarri. uqaCjp~Cj kat,m CjtuCjsimaJunut inUlt "agijauJut US Nation I Ho"our KatirarjuaC1' gannut i 1 tuqanginnut. Kupait tarrang .t Guard nut ilangiutiqataulaLqp... l

    The ICC Assembly was held l> in the gymnasium of ·he Kotzebue High SchoOl w"ic is knowr to local people as the "Home of the Fight r!l Huskies, •

    d~d' 'c...',",,4~Lr bnL',",,­ 4'~'I.' bnL\.I>c...I>">' 'pn' I- 'I.~ b" Al>r 4Y,"" ' d~'~4' I-'L... 'bl>i>L\.I>,",," A~("'"\rt>-l)( "l>o..c'n c 'fLr C 4Y'~'I.~' ."

    Inuit silarjuallmaami kaf'l­ marjuarningat katimaj ulaLCj puCj Cjitigvingani kaatsiriumi angijut i1inniarvingan: qau jimajaujuq nunalingwlUnut , mataQtit qimmit anglr anganik.•

    36 L· ega es to he General bnL.,..::>.::> ( bn.,,· c·nc.­ Katimajaqtuqtut katiluktaaq­ Assembly attend the plenary r'l..., ( bn'bC.> (. • .~? ~ r' titauninganut katiqatauvut. session Notice the portraits 4~~\(,"v' A~::>~Ji.( ~nL"~< Ujjirusugit ajjinginnik inutuqait Co' elders on the walls of "cr C;O cr • qitigviup saniraani. 'he school gymnasium.

    Cultural activities are a popular part of the ICC assemblies. People from c'3ch circumpolar country present s evening of entertainment. On Alaska night these drum dancers fr Jm Point Hope performed.

    A~d{~r'vr~~c ~~~L~~J~L­ ~.>c A~A( IL~~4rLrc bnL,,<;r.:>n\(' .. cr c • Ji.,S)/1C <:1,,"::>""- fL~~nr\r.L Cd·~·n(f~(. b.< .·..,rr'LJ. Cc;,,> (.

    p. qqusirmingniliriniit urnigaullun· uqput inuit silarjualimaamit Kdt majaqtutinginmt Inuit aviktu­ qs,majuqutimingniuma takunnaqtit­ sijut. Alaaskaup unnugilirmagu. ta,. 'kua qilaujjaqtiit Point Hope­ "ingngaatut mumilauqput.

    37 Above: These throat singers from Northern Quebec were a big hit with the audience. Right: Other Canadian performers with a somewhat more modern sound were popular, too.

    'idc.:cr: C< d <1 'iPL­ Ln.Lt><;"JC ct>::>r<1'i"J'i"r'­ L~~(. Cr~A'r: , Cl>::>'n'~­ "'illJ'i"'L""< t><-,rcrc<(... '0-­ C"'n.~' 'dll<.l>'r~'Cl>".

    Qulaani: Taapkua qiarvaaqtit kupait tarranganit quviagi­ jaummarilauqtut tautugiaqtu­ qsimajunit. Taliqpingmi: Asingit kanatamiut tautuktit­ sijaqtuqsimajut uplumini­ taplangnilirijut quviagijau­ laurmijuttauq.

    38 Kotzebue is mainly a fishing community. Above: A whole family of fisherpersons heads out to Kotzebue Sound to net arctic salmon Below: Salmon drying on a rack.

    herAt> .DQ.c-t>~"" A"bJ"r'I>.;"no;"n c <:It>~L (lO;'>C betAI> "'Il>"Jc A ) .. ,., l>n.. <1~,.>n". 4Ca-: fa. ,\...)..6, C ~ocal artists sold crafts, like these q <0'" .. " J • .,asks made fr('", caribou hide and wolf fur to visitors during the Kaatsipiu nunaliujuq iqaluksiuqt,plainnauplutik. 'IIorthwest Alaska AnnlJal Trade Oulaanl: lIagiiluktaat iqaluksiuqtit aullaqtiqput ai, This fair was held in Kotzebue kaatsipiu saunmut iqaluksiuriaq&utik Ataani. the same week as the ICC Iqaluit paniqsiqtuq Assembly

    DQ.("'"~rt>CA( "'Ia..\\Jl\"">( "a..t>L 'ir'O'" ". ~·jnr~J ~~«6c ~~f- I~C ~.~< CLc ct>~/'icr~~c. CL'a.. C~ 'i'~'" bCfA~r ~C~c­ ('l'bC~,-~">'" A~~~? f 'r 6~6 c f '-• ~~c-Lr bnL'-

    ~<1 0; cr\l. '0-.

    Nunalingmiutait sanangnguaqtit nluviaksaqalauqput sanau· armingnik, uuktuutigilugu kiinap­ C3lt .:»anasimajut tuktup aminganit lmaqquplu aminganit, tujur iuslmajunut alaaskaup ukiutamaat a C. ~Iirninganut. Tamanna tauqsiir· iq kaatsipiumi atautsikkuu ilt lulauqpuq pinasuarusirmi inuit . silarjualimaami lrntimarjuarningannlo

    39 A Visit to Kotzebue, Alaska and the ICC General Assembly

    Tujurmiuniq Kotzebue, Alaska-mut amma Inuit Silarjualimaami Katimaningannut

    by Basil Kiblakoot Basil Kiblakoot piliriarijanga

    Kotzebue is a town about 35 miles b(tA~ ~~r~~~ t~~~< Cr(C\~~­ Kotzebue nunaliujuq siqiniup talit­ north of the Arctic Circle in Alaska. .,.'l.C 35 Lt.ro--' bOo '0.'1.0--' l>'L('n­ tangnginningata 35 mailinik kanang­ There are about 2,900 people living rb <1l\ft)'ift r"Lo-\(.,a- . .6..o\f nanganit ungasiktigipluni Alaska avik­ there. In Kotzebue, you will find the 2,900-.,.' ~rinrb~')'. bC(Al>r. tuqsimaningani. Inungi 2.900-nik most northerly Dairy Queen in the Q.n( Dairy Queen-r" amisuutigikasaktut. Kotzebue-mi, world, the most northerly Oriental bQ.\Q.~<""·:J~cr·. <1 L L b~\Q.~<""·­ nanisijungnaqputit Dairy Queen-mik restaurant (called "The Arctic Dra­ :J~cr· ~<~ .... ( n C L' jl\.,.' Ndn)'bl>(­ House-mik. on Third Street where they have a l\ \0"' ... <3C[>('<;· nne; 'i/\t>< ..6.c...'La=C:J'ilo collection of stuffed animals from Third Street-r t..,.ro,.l>-.!" .,.'-.!n"J­ Nanisijungnarivutit marruungnik piqu­ Alaska. The other is on Second Street ~.,.C ~~'brl>C.,.'. A'bC Second tituqausivingnik. Atausiq titirarviup where they keep a collection of arti­ Street-r AC"")'r A"dn)""o--'r c.,.' iianganiittuq Third Street-mi inigijau­ facts from their past. Kotzebue has (:>"Jr'r'. bC(Al> t.rL.,.~''''C­ juq nirjutingnguanik alaaskamiutanik. schools, stores, a powerhouse, eight "ib'ift)'ift, 0"'[>1\<;,,'. t>ftbc-t>?c. A'L,J­ Piqataa Second Street-mi pitaqaqturli churches, apartment buildings and 0"'. pl>"C")r ~Q.r'n)r~" quliriit atuqtuagaksat amma titirarviit. at home when we landed. The people t. C)". Ct.L )''l.nnrLl>''<~ rc­ stop and say "Hi" to a stranger who a.. «. d.oA ( .Dc"'ift.)n" "H<1..6.c...<"- lIangagut ukiuqtaqtumi nunaliktitu- 40 miaq ittuq. Taima tungngasugutigila­ uqpara minnapta. Inuit nutqaq&utik "Hailavaktut" takulauqsimangngita­ mingnut tikilisaanut amma apiriplutik kinaungmangaat. Inuit taikani niqi­ mingnik iqalungnik, natsirnik amma­ lunirlungngi tuktumik pivaktut nuna­ mit tariumillu. Isumaaluutiqaqtut ava­ timiutarijamingnik, nirjutinik mianiq­ sinirmik, puluatsijanik aangajaarnaq­ tunik imialungmiglu atuluarnirmik ilau­ qataupluni inmingnik inuaqtarniq ami­ sungnguqpallianinga.

    lIanginnik nanngarijamnik taikani takulauqpunga. Taikani kituluktaaka­ sait makkuktunit pigiaq&ugu inutu­ qarnut tikit&ugu, qaplunaatut uq­ qariktut. Inutuqait kisimikasak uqausi­ tuqamingnik atujujut: Oaniujaaqpainik (inuktitut titiqqanik) atuq&utik titira­ jujuulaungngittut. Titiraqpalauqtut ajjingnguagajaaliuq&utik qaplunaat titiqqaqutinginnik atuliqqaaratik. Am­ maluptau ilangit uqaqpangmata "niqi qirniqtuq" uvvaluuvva "niqi aupaluk­ tuq" uqausiqaraangamik natsirmik tuktumiglu.

    Oajariaqausingat aJjI)lgmgngimmaar­ mijangat. Upluluktaaq unnualuktaaq imarmiitsuqtut sammut saanngaplu­ tik, kivallirmiutituungngittuq qajaria­ mingnik amusiqattaajujutut.

    Ouviagijuqtaulaugara taima ungava­ nut takujuullualirama napaaqtumik ig­ has just arrived in town and ask who The village faces the shore of lurjuarjuarmilluuvva takunasugaga he is. The people there get some of Kotzebue Sound and, beyond, the talitaungngit&uni.Ouviasulaurivunga their food such as fish, seal and good Chukchi Sea which lies between nutqairatamiaqtuulluarnarmat apqum­ old tuktu from the land. They are con­ northern Alaska and Siberia. mi apirilunilu: "kinaugaluaqpit?" cerned about their environment, pro­ Fishing is a major activity. Taima piugilualaungngitarali kiinau­ tection of their wildlife, and drug and jangi tamarmik ajjigiingngittut taq­ ~ \l.""~" alcohol abuse as well as the increas­ .DQ..C- ,,' '\ b( r' At> "t> .. ...J (• sangi ajjigiiluktaarmata amma ma­ ing suicide rate. l>'l.Ca-, ~.,; < Cn.l>'~ < ~AAt>~~t> (• Alaska-miut mumiqtit ajungngimma­ very surprising. Most of the people riktut annuraaqtutsiaqsimaplutiglu there, from the very young to the old Nunalik saangngajuq kaatsipiu amma atiqaqtiumaplugit mumirusiri­ people, speak a lot of English. It is saunmut. ungataani, saksiip jatik uuktuutigilugu tulugaq, natsiq­ mainly the old people that speak their tariunga akunningani alaaskaup siurniq, amaruq, inutuqait amma native language. They have never saipiurijauplu. Iqalliarnilirilluaqtut. iqaluksiurniq. Tukisialaungngitatka used syllabics. They used to write by pisingi mumirusirmingnut uqarusivut drawing little pictures before they ajjigiingnginmata, kisiani tusarniqtut. started using the English alphabet. :J'" Cd<..l>"'tL''f'Cr'.D' np("'~.D' lIitaqsittalauqpunga ilanginnik nalian­ Another thing is that some people say \L'l.c. A.sJb. C nik mumirmangaataa uaningitigut "dark meat" or "red meat" when CAber CT~I\CT· A~...)\CT·. a..(r'''cr· mumiqtiujut. lIangit mumiqtiujut they are referring to seal and reindeer <:JLwcr"J\'f ::>·::>1· A' .QQ.r' ukiungi qaangiisimangngittuuqquut meat. cn.l>r·~, ~~~n%"':J' cn.­ arvinilingnik pingasunik arvinilingnig­ 71\0-·, CTo;~· rJ­ luuvva. Mumiqataujungnaqtut ilangin­ The way they keep their boats is dif­ <]«(70-· 4~~o;Q..~::>CT· Ar

    41 the shore, not like the people in the A,-\('''O'''· Q. .."l.n.... Lo",. C.6.ba- Cdc-­ pigiaqtitpaqquurmajjuk- takulauqsi­ Keewatin who always pull their boats t>..>'l.. cab.. PJ->'Cb~a' L'd ,­ mangngitara kivallirmi. onto shore. J .. ' Ar~"->J ~J%'~' np'->J. %<->~J' t>"%~'J'. a~J%a' p(r­ lIitsilauqpunga nunarjualimaami Inuit What I really liked the most was being b~' t>%t>(J%r'.. ' ~J~~'. %..t>­ katimarjuarninganit i&uarmat tukisia­ able to see far away, without having ";"­ jaujungnaqtumik nakiluktaaq uqa­ some tree or tall building blocking my n' m~~~~t>'~'J'. m~""J' rungnaqtuni inuktitut uqausiqput ajji­ view as they do in Ottawa where I <1"'r-\\J<1La;c-[>'i"..>('lft 'ib liqtuni. Ammalu i1itsilaurivunga, inuk­ someone on the road and chat with a~~' t>%"<'LC " ..'f' '1" ....J .." tigut kivaJlirmi, mianiqsiniluktutuung­ them and ask: "What's your name t>«~« "..'1' ~t><->'J"" t>%t>(%~'­ nginnapta uqausiptingnik, piqqusip­ anyway?" What I didn't like was that "l.r· a..Ctc;r" ~·JrLJ. tingnik, avatiptingnik nirjutiniglu all the denominations of their dollars pivallianiujunit pialaluaqtumit ukiuq­ were the same colour and that it was %7~~%t>('l.C ~'""""r'~'L'r7'l.'. taqtumi. Ajjigiingniqaqtuq ajurnaruta­ raining most of the time we were t><->->'C" t>·~~->,c" aL' r' I"J' ujunik isumaaluutiniglu ukiuqtaqtuluk­ there. ~'...J' ~·'l.<->n'. P<"r'rt>nj'­ taami. ~cJ" %7~~r'.. ' ~...J(%'C<'~J'. The Alaskan drum dancers were very Isumajunga ikajurniqarajaqquurmat good and they had very nice cos­ 'd,,~r~"Ct>~t>c~ caL t>'l.<~c Cd­ nunarjualimaami Inuit katimarjuarni­ tumes and names for all the different ~"->~r~L o...("Jr aL->'~'~c-> ... ~"~I­ ngat piliriaqarninganni nunarjuarmi Hunt, Wolf Dance, Elders Dance, and ~t>~~'l. ~'%a~cr~.. jL->L...J<1"I\C?" their songs for the dances because of caL At>r->~~t>'~C~r Po..t>.,.~ CL'­ jaujuniglu inungni aviktuqsimanirni the difference in dialects, but they r' ~'""r'~'Jc C"~~ ~'""r->'c'­ asinginni. Taima uqarungnaqsinajar­ had a very nice beat. I was also able LC ~'L L~a·o..b~'L' cabdn"->c. mata "takkuuk, una pingngittuq to tell what some of the dances were alaaskamituinna, kanatamiinna aku­ by the actions of the dancers. There ~c.:'brt>c ...Jr"n' ~~\~'L~'Jc kittumiinnarluuvva. Ajjigiiluktaaqtuq were some dancers there who could ~'~<"J'(~"(L<->n'-> ~'L ~n%"­ ukiuqtaqtuluktaami. Aaqqingniluqia­ not have been more than six or eight nt>L<->r' ...Jr?(~7n· ~'jnr-,J J->­ qaliqtavut." years old. They were able to do some l'ift, Q..(r''i''(t>'i0'''~. ' (t>' ..... JP(\~CC b and keep pace with them too. I think A(~ ...Jr?('r'~' t>%?(~, ..>'l. a~~'''' o..r~..~nJ' ...Jr"nt>~c. a~'f' c ...Jr"n­ watin. t>~' t>Pt>~ ~'i'(L'~'j"'Jc ~,,, ..­ ,'0"''' A"l.;O'" " <1'i~crr\crL~~<. ~r­ I learned from the Inuit Circumpolar 'ibCt>~\a..'i·)( /),,<"'\('''0''''' 6,"a.'i"nJc Conference General Assembly that it ...Jr~nr~c ~~'Ln~'o.."->n·-> t.'o..t>­ is good to have a universal language ~..'. aIL~'l. ...Jr"nn' t>Pt>P'J'L­ .,~n that we can all fall back on when n..t>n ... Jr ( Ar"(L ,~C~ P">'l. ~o..'~~rLr a~t.c bn­ Keewatin, are not the only Inuit try­ L'~~' ..'l...c d->~'Lc JP(~'­ ing to protect our ianguage, culture, a..""Jr" a..PJ"C'ilo [>"ib?\a..'i"JQ"" tu:>"nJc environment and wildlife from all the t>%t>( ..>, ~'""rJ';<'l.c )p(J~­ development that is happening too t>L cr'" 6.rCt'c.....t>n.­ fast in the Arctic. There are the same ~'l.. a~'nJc P<"r'r. rr'<('l\(T"". 1\c;r.C;d- the North. ('~..' A~~->~"Jr' t>Pt>..C"­ I think that the ICC would be able to Jr. ~'""r'..'b"J" ~'" o..?Ct>~.. ' help Canadian Inuit in their dealings aIGn.. '-> t>Pt>"C"J-> 'cr. with the United Nations if they can start talking more about the problems aIL~'l. ab~'''%~7''~'Lc ~o..'''~r­ and concerns that they share with the Lr a~t.c bnL'~~'..'l.c Ar~~%' ..­ The most northerly Dairy Queen in Inuit from the other regions. Then 'l. ... ~o..'''~'r bnL""'~%t>(­ the world. they would be able to say: "Look, %~~'b'''''~ .. • dlL­ this is happening not only in Alaska or ~nr... t>~crLJ A.D'rr %?'o.. .. (o..7'LC .Da."~4c;r. all over the Arctic. There is a real "C"d'''. t>Q. A\\('cJ.... <1~"'brJALQ... problem here. We have to do some­ bo..cr·o.. ~dpcJr·o..'~«. '­ Kanangnaqpasiktuqtaq Dairy Queen thing about it." Cc;·J'ir. l>Pt>c;"Cc;"JJ"cr.

    Inuit Sanaugangit

    Cft

    Mark Alikaswa sanangnguaqti arviamiutaq. by Ingo Hessel Ingo Hessel piliriarijanga

    Arts and Crafts Kivallirmiut Sanaugangit in the Keewatin

    I travelled to the Arctic for the first (>"r~'i<'i &unga sanattailiingnik marruunginik. fascinating to meet so many artists, bn%~4r' 4r~~ ~~~~~n~' 4L~ Quviagilualaurpara katiqariamik ami­ to wander out on the land and to At'..JCjn..~~. This museum is the lifelong work of 8";(d':r~ bn~~4~(L~r~' ~ ringnik sunakkutivinirnik asinginniklu strongly recommend to anyone who Cd~'J',,\r' 8~A' ~~~L~~'r·~'. atjigiingittunik uumajuviniralangnik passes through Churchill that they Inuit inuusirmingni atuqpaktatuqa­ spend some time in this museum. CAb~"~ 4'''4;~~~<~~ ~~'CArr' nginnik. Kinatuinnarmut kuugjuak­ i'irr., .6..DL~rn..r·d( ~Q..t>L.6.( kuurniartumut takujaqtuiqujigajari­ I then travelled to Eskimo Point where r' ~~, ~r %~i'~ '~%' (L~4'f'LLC. vunga takujarturvingmik Inuit sanau­ I spent one week. The Inuit Cultural P(4~~ A~Lr~'(LL~4~<~n' rp~r' garalanginnik. Institute there has not done much Cd~'J''''br~4'~r\~' CAb~. AL­ research in the field of art so far, but L~ ~~r~~~' ~4~'nc~~r' ~~~­ Taikangallu arvianiilauriplunga sanat­ is planning to set up a small museum L~'~ Ar~d(J~b~'~ Cd~'J'''%?­ tailimik atausirmik. Inummarilirijikkut in the future. It might be planned as L'J'. ~p~~c~Jr~' bn~~4~' sanaugait miksaanut suli qaujisarni­ a series of travelling exhibits on art Cd~'J%C~J'~'~%'"r~\~'(4'C qarsimaluangimmata, kisianilu isuma­ and culture, which would make the \l,"O"'·ct>~. liursimagaluariplutik mikijumik taku­ collection much more accessible to jarturviqaliriaksamingnut taikani. 1m­ northerners. maqaa nunaliujunut uajartitaujumik 43 ~ i o L_-=~:;;':;~="":"'_"":"''-~",-__:.::..l''-'-'-:'- ''::::~'-""",-='--''=---=':=:'::''::~_'-~_'':''''__''':':..::o_--.J~

    The Eskimo Museum at Churchill. lJ.""lJ. e A'dn::>'bl> t "'I. e i '<'( At>",LLn: c juarmi. ..aijiqangngittut of Inuit art and archaeological bn·~L~ piujummariit katiqsuat inuit artifacts." Below: Interior of Ao;d(l:>%~~"..J ." 'bl> t "I> < • Ataani: lIua piqutituqausiviup.

    44 The Sanavik Co-op at Baker Lake. This building also houses the Miqsurvik Sewing Centre.

    "a.. -e~ .. dLL".:Jc;. rc;·,..c;f\\r c •

    Sanavvik kuap qamani'tuarmi. Inigijaummaaqtuq miqsurvingmit.

    The privately-owned craft shop in Eskimo Point has cut down its art pur­ chasing recently and the co-op only handles stone sculputure as a small sideline (it does not buy wallhangings, dolls or other kinds of work). Conse­ quently, the arts and crafts situation there is not too healthy. Most artists receive fairly low prices for their work, and many cannot afford to buy stone. There is not much discussion with the artists about their artistic imagination or ideas.

    There is much greater artistic activity in Baker Lake than in Eskimo Point because the co-op deals exclusively with graphics and sculpture produc­ tion. There are still problems such as Q..LrO"~?t>~L'iO"''' a-t>~~cCc;a-~7c;rO"· r.~­ jarturviqarumaartut, ukiuqtaqtumiut the prices paid to artists. The Baker r4~n'(~~~'LC. d4<~~' ~7~b~' katiqsuanik takujartuqataugunnarni­ Lake prints program has had the con­ 'Q.'Nl.'~' ~~"'b'C"::Jjr'>' (~~­ qarvigijungnatsiartanganniktauq. stant support of advisors, but unfor­ ~c;<~~n· O"~~~r"bO"'''). C.6.bo­ Namminirijaujuupluni sananguarvik sculpture, where the quality is quite ~Q..rt>~r "a..t>L.6. C r·~~( .6.r~"'O"­ arviani sanaugarnik niuviqattarniri­ uneven. A separately-run sewing ~~" a:LL'(4'f'~". CL',b,' 'Q.~­ jarminik mik&igiaqtitsisaalaurmata, shop has had to temporarily stop buy­ 7'n' 4Pr"::Jl.~"->4'b'C'f'LLC 'Q.' kuapaujut ujaqqanit sananguagarnik ing wallhangings because of over­ ~'b" .. '. 4,""-> ~~"n.4" ~7"­ niuviqattaqtutuulirput (niuvirpangi­ supply. b~' 4~' ''b'c'->n'. ~'b"~'bnr7~' &utik nivingajulianiklu, nutaranguar­ J?""r)c 'ib..o'ic- .... 0..­ niklu asinginniklu sanaukkanikl. Tai­ The co-op in Rankin Inlet does not 'N?L<:'L'l.C. kani nunaliujumi sanaugait miksaanut handle arts and crafts. The NWT ilinganniujuq naammatsiangilaq. Ta­ government runs a craft shop which <1\('0"' ...... LLn. "r" L..a.. ..J

    Quviasungillarigutiqalaurpunga ujaq­ qat sananguagaksait ajurnaluarningin­ nut ammalu akituluaqtitauninginnut, akiliutauqattarnirnullu mikiluartumik sanaugarnut, ammalu sanaujartit tusaumatituraulluanginniqarninginnut niuvirpaktunut. Tusariangilualaurip' lungalu atjigiingittunik sanaukkanik niuv iqtauqattangillari n9nira qtauju­ nik. Ammaluptauq i&uigusulauralua­ rivunga makkuktut sananguaqattaru­ manginningannik. Amisuuniqsait makkuktut aksururnaluarasuging­ naangmata sananguaqattariamik am­ malu akiliqtauqattarnirmi mikiksa­ luarnirar&utik.

    l e Anowtalik of EskImo Point .. '5 J 4a..~CC"'· (· I "~",-'_'-_=..:L.;.o.-=-=_--"":..,,,,,-~~_~__-,:--= -=.=:-_-,j I~ e Anowtalik ArviarmiL taq. 46 Joy and Luke Hallauk at their camp ~AJ ~~ H4L~~ ~A'~A\r Joylu Luke Hallauk tupiqarvingmi near Eskimo Point. 4'''4< 'b... r'7'L.... arviap qanigijangani.

    47 This trip was very enlightening and 'dl\'>'l. I>,,"'b' ~...'J­ Tusalaurmigama inuit sanaujaqtit also was a lot of fun. Everyone was 4L·~8C 4~~~J4~~~~~( 4 L LJ katutjiqatigiigijangit isumaliursimani­ extremely friendly and obliging and ~'f'·~'. CI>'b'- qarningannik ilautitsiniqarumaar&utik made me feel right at home. I would C"icr'i~...... ) rPJL'i.D(. tamainna inuit nunaligijanginnirmiu­ like to say "hello!" to all the people ,,'n' J~I>LnJ~I>·~n."­ naujaqtinut ukiuqtaqtumi ammalu Elizabeth and Andy Aulatjut, Mary bcr" cr~A~C~~(C\f"'Ln.~cr~~C~~cr·. qanuq aaqqigiarutiksaunajartunik and Luke Anowtelik, Joy and Luke " d.>6J~c...I>~-,'l. L'­ i&uilutaujunut isumaksaqsiuqattar­ Hallauk, Anne and John Okkalik, d 'J' ~ ...'J 'b'c'~'r rp' ~~'rLL ~6' ~ ...I>?"n' bJ'~­ tunity to visit again. 'bnrr,,'f" 6;L~I>'{L~'b'~'l.·~' Tukisivaallillualaurama quviagillari­ 6c...l>n' (~'b?L'.Jn' cu·... ~6' laur&ugulu uajarnirilauqtara ukiuqtaq­ ~... ~r,,'f'·~' rl>~'. bJ' ~'bnr'J'J' tumut. Katitalimaakka inutsianguplu­ 1>'b·c...I>{'b'b'C~"'LC d.>~C~nI>~~' tik tunganalaurmata. Tamarmiklu Ha­ New Help for ~ ... I>?"~' I>PI>"c"Jr "'?'J~' d.>~CI>~~' ammalu qujannamiirumaluar&ugit 6;L' ~"{I>'b'c'~n'. ~'f'~r' ~!I­ Lucy Tutsweetoklu, Elizabeth, Andylu The federal and NWT governments 'b"nl>~~''''~~?'LC 6~6' ~ ...I>?"n­ Aulatjut, Mary, Luke Anowteliklu, have held discussions concerning a ~L' !I'~nr~r' Cd'~?"nr~L ~l\'.JJ~ Brooks qamanittuarmi, ammalu recently, they are still not at 1980-81 1>"C~ I>PI>"'C"J...J'. bnc­ Thomas Ugjuklu ilanginlu kangiq&i­ levels. Overall quality seems to have rC· b A.D C rI'iLC. nirmi. Tujurmiukkannirumaarumaga­ slipped, raw materials are in short CL'r'~ H'C'b c...'~'. Inuit Sanauganginnut rCr·J. ~L ..,; • ...) ikajurutiktataasaa­ Programs that might be affected by or H4d~', 4'~ .;. I>br'.J, L6' initiated under such an agreement ~.~~. ?" 'b~'J'~'~ 6c...'f'·~ b'f'~~~'r. assist Inuit carvers, printmakers, J~'rl>·b·~?L?LL~'l. {:>~'r. niqalaurmata nutaamik kiinaujaliura­ seamstresses and craftspeople; suaqattarnilirijikkut angiqatigiiksimau­ • workshops for Inuit artists in the tigilirajaqtaksangannik pitjutigilugit north and the south; sanaugait. Tamarmik gavamaujuujuk • travel to the south to attend gallery utjirusungmata naammaksivaallirsi­ openings; malisaaraluartillugit niuvrutiqaqattar­ • the location and collection of raw niit, suli naliqqaujuulingimmata niuv­ materials such as stone at lower rutiuniuqattalaurnirmi qutsingniulaur­ prices to artists; L~' 1>'b·c...I>{'b'b(C'~'bc...I>'LC~cr' tiunningit kataksimalir&utiklu pisna­ made articles and ways to avoid P... I>?rl>~;nr~~,,"C'~'l.·~' !I(~nr~r( tiqaqattarniillu naammangil&utik. • new labels and packages for arts ~ ...I>L6(. CL'r' L

  • ~~' I>(~­ and crafts, and more advertising; ?;'LC ~LL·{<·~'{Lr~~.J~ ?n~'ib(c";c. ,Jr Q.r~bl>­ leries in the south to mount exhi­ ~~'f'LLC ~1>... I>'b(CLI>'~'r viqartitaulutik tamatumunga angiru­ bits of Inuit art; ~({'~I>c...I>'~'~( ~nl>'~'f" bC'{Lr'-,n'~ • training of Inuit in management • uajaqattar&utik sanaujaqtinut !I'... {I>~r~ 6;Lrl>'b(C'~·~ ~I>n •. nance and administration. tarajartut inungnik sananguartinik, minguanguaqtinik, miqsurtinik !I~n.~'b~"'J' 1><­ If and when such an agreement is amma sananguaqtilirijikkunnik; <.,;.~( !lr{L~' J'l.~n' CLJ...J'l. {L~J 6c...'b­ become available, Inuktitut will pub­ sanaujartit ukiuqtaqtumilu qaplu­ ~,,'LC I>d~'l.: lish more complete details. naallu nunainni; 48 A Full Pot, stonecut by Helen P' J t'. CC'yo. ~"'''''br Utkusik tatattuq, ujaqqami Kalvak (1901-1984) of Holman AL'~L~~~ H4L~ b~<·r( pilaktugaujuq Helen Kalvakmit Island. (1901-r' 1984-.J'I (1901-mit 1983-mut) t>-..)c;.~ C;loj iii rl>c~. uluqsaqtuurmiutaq.

    • ~~"'%'C'~n' ,~~.,."'~, ~%~C_ • uajaqattarniksaq qaplunaat nu­ Kalvak/Emerak ~6~~~""J' 6b~~~"'J%'C'''''J' naannut takujaqtutviqarviit ukkuiq­ Memorial Portfolio .6..0\(1'"' t...a..\J<1'ina-'. I'J.(I'J<1 .... - taugiaraangata; ncr'. r~;'ina-· <]LL t...a..~<1~n­ • naniinningillu katiqsuiqattarnirmilu The Holman Eskimo Co-operative will rrLl~·d ... (J"·; sanaugaksaqutinik suurlu ujaq­ soon be releasing a set of twelve qanik akikinniqsauniartillugit sana­ bnLnC~%'C'~·,~·~c 6~6' prints based on pencil drawings • nguartinut; l.,a..t>I:::r'in C l>Pl>'i'c"'JrJ 'ib<1?~(c'ia-·" ~<..)a:c 11901-1983). This stunning collec­ • ... .Da: ... .o( gavinirnik ammalu ungatiluanganut tion of stonecuts, stencils and litho­ Cd"''''J'~%'~' ~'d6"'c~r~~~c; pitaqaqtitsittailimaniujumik sa­ graphs was produced by Elsie Klen­ • Q.~"'a-~"..) bn"";.6.'ib'('ia-'irJ "0..­ naukkanik; genberg Anaginak, Harry Egotak, ~L"'dn~' l'~ ~"'''b~' ~pp.- • nutaanik titiqqautiqarnirniklu puuk­ Mona Ohoveluk Kuneyuna, Mabel cr'i."t>cr t. 1\0- 'i CT' Klengenberg produced lithographic ~L~ ~~~~~~c AC%"'n'~'c­ lutik sanaukkanik takujarturviuju­ portraits of the two artists. .6.rLcrt>"'t"r' "oJ> • bcr •; nut qaplunaat nunainni takujaqtur­ viqaqtitsiqattaquplugit Inuit sanau­ >',,~n­ The project was co-ordinated by • .DCer· nn""bt>n'ib'icr'i cr "..) gainnik; 'ib'icr'i "..) l.,a..[>'b.o(. c?'l.,<..Jn' l.,a,J>"bO"'· mik, niuvrutiqaqattarnirmik kiinau­ Cd 'i)'ii\t>.,.r.oc 'ib<..)a.: c .DQ.I:J.L(T formerly of the Winnipeg Art Gallery, 7 jalirijiujuunirmik aulatsijiujuunir­ Cd"''''J'~%'''n'~%'c~<~r' 6~6' is the curator of the Portfolio and miklu. ,oJ> L.6. ... (7" • ; wrote the accompanying text. • ~AC Ar"'cr'ib(C'icr."~"'.D( Angirutitaqalirniqpat kiinaujallu piliri­ Funding was provided by the NWT ~~~'~~~~~'r·. ~~~%'C'~'­ niillu ajurnarungniiqpata, inuktituup Department of Economic Develop­ r·. ~~

    49 Qavvak/lmirauplu Iqqaumajauniksangit

    Uluqsaqtuumi Inuit kuapakkungit niuvrutiqaru ngnaria ka utiginialirmata 12-ngujunik minguanguaganik tu­ ngavviqaqtitausimajunik titiraummik atur&utik titiranguartavininginnut qaujimajautsiartuit sanaujaqtiik Hia­ lin qavvauplu (1901-1904) ammalu Mark Emerak (1901-1983). Taapkua piujuutimmariit katiqsuat ujaqqamut sananguaqsimajuviniillu, minguangua­ gaillu piliriarijaulaurput Elsie Klengen­ berg Anaginakmillu, Harry Egotak­ millu, Mona Ohoveluk Kuneyunamillu, Mabel Nigiyokmillu, Louis Nigiyok­ ~ millu, Mary Okheenamit ammalu Peter .~ Palvikmit. Stanley Elonak Klengen­ E berg minguanguagakkut atjinginnik .~ taapkuak sanaujartiik sanalaurpuq. ~ '------', Taamna piliriaq aaqqiksuqtaulaurpuq David Umholtzmillu purnatik turis­ A lithograph, When the Bears 4~?nC~rO;~~« p~~~~...) Ar~~~J taalmillu. UmHuulj minguanguagarnut Came Around, by Holman Island ~~'~?';~r'i...)J. sanauganik takujaqturvingmi iqqanai­ Q.~.1. ( np'" C;\L.C . .D"~"~.J( jalaurtuviniq, angajuqkaangujuuvuq ~~tL~- nn~.~-n< ~~~ C' ~b~<·/ArCjl><..) katiqsuanut titiralaur&unilu uqali­ Ar~.< (1901-r c 1983-.J C ) maagaliamik ilauqatautitausimajumik £>...>0;"" r.j'lrt>ct>< • A~. bl>La,.l>cr • ~ \r C minguanguagarnut. Nanu;t tik;tsaraangata, nuviq • ~~~~jr A~AC d~<'d'fC ~.'?­ Kiinaujaqutiqaqtitausimalaurput nu­ saamut sanasimajuq titiraujaqtip n~?'~~~b.nr~~r'LC 12-~~~' natsiarmi kiinaujaliurasuaqattarnirmi sanajaa Mark Emerak (1901-mit ~J~~~c~' )~'~~~nc~tL~~' nn­ pivalliajulirijikkunnillu kanatamilu 1983-mutl uluqsaqtuurmiutaup ~~Lr' ~)'-,n' nn~~~'c~~'f'~C katimajirjuanit. 'b~"'Lo,,~c t~')AC ~~~o,,~ri' HA~r' ~.<~<~ (1901-1984) ~LL.J Cdt Ar~.< (1901-1983), C'd~ A~~­ nLw,:c bn~~~c .000~b.JC ~~'N~­ tL~~;·~. ~J~~~cA'~ Ar~~~o,,~­ LI>Ci)' ~4~t Pr~~~>ft 4~r~c;r~...). HA~~ AJcC'r'~. j~ .H.~~· d~~~r~J. r>~ ~~~r~J. J~ ~~­ ~r·~. r~~ ~'HLi~rc ~LL~ lie <ft r'J~'J~c'dC ~C"''f'~' C'd~' ~~- 1>7"'ri ft "Q..Lt>'i),",.

    (La.. Ar~4~ ~'iIIoP·~'iIIoCt>L~C;>'iIIo P/\' I>LH~~r~J >O;o..n ft J~~c~r~J . • LHi>" r'J~'J~ c' ~ c .'b. C~A"'~- ,.J,."" l>J'"'''C;ftj'ir d

    p~.o,,~n~~nC~tLc...~'>c ~~Ct~'r p~~o"r~~~~~(c'~'r A<'r~~r~­ ""d'~'~ b~cr~ bnL""~~~c,

    50 • • Ruth Annaqtuusi ?C 4 Cl.Q. ~.)r' Ruth Annaqtuusi Tulurialik'5 Tour )..)1\.4(""1>< Tulurialiup Uajarninga 1>47 Ii cr\L

    by Deborah Evaluarjuk Deborah Evaluarjuup piliriarijanga

    Ruth greets a young visitor at the ?C bnr"(C~"J~" L"d "Jcr" Ruth katisittaqtuq makkuktunik Art Gallery in Windsor. She is Cd.,.":)":).,.' nn~~"'''tL'<'( takujaqtuqtunik titiraujaqsimajut very eager for children as well s L<-n.\~.,.' "·Ir------, Tulurialik to the people who attended the opening of the Baker Lake artist's exhibition at the Art Gallery of Windsor (Ontario) last winter.

    Marion Jackson. <;bt>r-L~LLtL" !i.,SJ/i.C "~'\\J41."f"cr~. lu-Cn.....t>ncr',.c;. ?oC 4&.0..<;.::>' J..ln.4c-"r" P:JJ"C.Dc c;b.6.~.D( ~L~I~~'r ,~\~~n~'C C~~'n'(~~'~ '~\~~L' L~~~'~ ~'~~r (4'C~~r) ~p~~~~~~r.

    Marion Jackson, qaujimajummarik inuit sanangnguaganginnik, ilitarijautitsivuq Ruth Annaqtuusi Tulurialingmik kituluktaanut qaijunut qamani'tuarmi sanangnguatingitta tautuktitsininginni sanangnguagat gaalaringanni vinsuami (aantariamil ukiungulauqtumi.

    Ruth's husband Hugh is a well-known musician and songwriter in the Keewatin. He and Ruth sang songs in Inuktitut at the Windsor art exhibition.

    ?' ~.t.'L H.t.~ 'b~i"L'7~·->~,~~ nc 'n .t.L~~(.... ~~n-, p<:· .... 'r. ?'-> .t.L~~~">' .t..o'n~' ~'~~r nn~~'7L' C~~\~~nc~n·->r'.

    Ruth uinga Hugh qaujimajaulluriktuq titakti imngiusiliuqtilu kivallirmi. Ruthlu imngilauqpuk inuktitut vinsuami titiraujagat tautungnaqtitautillugit.

    Ruth Annaqtuusi Tulurialik is a well­ ?' 4·~~j( ~->~4.... • 'bt>i"L~t>c r'­ Ruth Annaqtuusi Tulurialik qaujima­ known Baker Lake artist who is be­ 4 .. ~.. 'l>Lo-'~4'rt>C~ nn~t>'7"n jautsiaqtuq qamani'tuarmiutaq titirau­ coming popular with art critics and 'l>t>i"L'7t>....Lr·~ ..~.. nn~t>~L~· ~,­ jaqti qaujimajaulimaginnaqtuq titirau­ buyers alike. As her work becomes ?i".o' ~t>~..n.o.->. A.... ~~ 'bt>i"~t>­ jaganik narrujinut niuviqtinullu. Pili­ better known, her colourful drawings rLr"'a.. "cr'f'L,.D'. ('"'1"''''')( r'4'"'r'L.,.lC riangi qaujijaulimaginnarninginnut, are appearing in Canadian newspa­ .o.t.<:'>' b~Cr ~,?~ t>'b....Lo-->. taqsiqtutsiaqsimajut nuivakput kana­ pers and magazines. Recently she t>4~~(~t> ..>.. b~Ct>< P<:C~ .t.~t>..­ tami tusarutini uqalimaanilu. Uajaani­ travelled around southern Canada to ~"-,o- A....~4r Ct>~Lt>~\{"·~ 'l>t>i"­ saalauqpuq kanataup kivataani i1au­ attend exhibitions of her work and to ~t>nr4'b'~"-,J-> t>'brLr4~ .oC" jaqtuq&uni piliriami tautugauninginni promote her new book Qikaaluktut: V'b·.J~.J(. 'I> .... Lr. nn,t>~L t>'I>t>(t>(L>' '1><­ liani nutaaq Qikaa/uktut: Ajjit Inuup illustration is explained in English by ->':~c nn~'bct><,rc ri~ c Arrc . Inuusingani. uqalimaami, titiraujaga writer David Pelly. uqausiusimavut qaplunaatut titiraqa­ t>.t.ro-' A'I>nr'7t><->~ H.t.t>r'. 4'~"­ taujumit tiivit pilimit. Accompanied by her husband .Hugh, j( Ct>~Lt>~'J"I.t>c...t>">" Windsor, Annaqtuusi went to a special exhibi­ Ontario-J'. 4·~·~ .t.c...t>'bct>c...t>'r<,' Uiminit piqatigijaupluni Hughmit, tion of her art in Windsor, Ontario, last t>'b..-Lr4'l. .o.t.r4'Lc. CL'd..o- bn­ Annaqtuusi tautugaunirmungngau­ winter. They also attended receptions cr'i cr • ?c.J H~~.J ~~~nJC ~L_ lauqpuq Windsor, Ontario-mut, alraani to launch her book. At these recep­ \f'c;~cc;·LLt>C;")" P\J '-(""". d P.. <.J" ­ i1auqataulaurmijut uqalimaalianga tions, Ruth and Hugh sang some n'-JJ. LLn....D\'Lt>LLLt>c;·..Jn~J n)­ nuigiarmat. Tamatkunani katinirni, songs in Inuktitut while the latter ?t.(r (Detroit). ~,'. ~r (Toronto). Ruthlu Hughlu inuktitut imngiqtaq­ played the guitar. They also visited p"c'r (Kingston) 4 LL

    52 At the Art Gallery of Windsor, interpreter Sally Webster looks on as Ruth signs a visitor's catalog of the exhibition. As Ruth is not fluent in English, Sally helped her during interviews with southern media people and guided her around cities like Kingston, Toronto and Ottawa where Ruth was promoting her book.

    nn~~?~' C'-n.'I.·.. A·r-<3r. ::>~~ ~o- A<'C c~::>'>" i' -<3no-t>"n"->J Cd?"::>"::>' 4nrt>'i~'L'Q"'''. ic ~<~CLt>""L­ L'iJ'Lc. ~rt>< Ab ...... C~~ -<3A"r~~n"->J ::>~?no-n.~ ..' <;bt>ra-LCt> < JCTJ .DQ.C'"" '" IT t> flo in- r ->r c P"C'. ::>. 4::><-> ~, ::>~~~n'(?"::>'Ar(L?A ~'I>o-Lo--<3r .. , •

    Titiraujagat gaalaringanni vinsuami, HA~-> ?' , -> tusaaji Sally Webster tautukpuq t>1.(.....)\LO"''' Ac..r" Ruth atiliuqtillugu takujaqtuqtut riA' Ao- ~' 4·Cn.~< marlungmat, Sallyup ikajuqtaqpaa '1>..'1.... HA~ apiqsugautillugu tusarutilirijinit c;p Lr 'li ..... <3 ....:> ,'\,""><;". qaujimatauplunilu nunalingni uuktuutigilugit kingstan, turaantu, Hughlu Ruthlu aatuvaalu Ruth tusagautitsijaq­ uglalungmanik ilamik turvigisimajai uqalimaaliaminik. David Pelly uvaguanut kuuput aantariup qaningani, Hugh qimmirjuaqtun­ ngaqpuq..

    When Hugh and Ruth visited the home of their friend David Pelly near Cobourg, Ontario, Hugh had a chance to ride a horse for the lugu. Gaalarinungngaummaalauq&u­ first time. tiglu Tiituruitmi (Detroit), Turaantumi (Toronto), Kingstanmi (Kingston) amma Aatuvami (Ottawa) tautuktit­ galleries in Detroit, Toronto, Kingston (Ottawa) ct>::>'n'«->n' ?'-> n.. .. cr .. ~Q'" [>"brLrt>~L?t>"->n.'::>~ A... ' nn~t>?~n Qaujimajaulluriktuq inuk tlt"aujaqti The popular Inuk artist has appeared ... t.,-t>~>~ "c'~:>r" 4Xr'c::>~ C,-A­ nuilauqpuq "tarravumi" Aatuvamiit­ on "Taqravut," an Ottawa-based ~o-n.~c Cd'~t>n'«'::>c t>Pt>"C"- tuq talavisalirijit takuksautitsivaktut radio program broadcast to the North. J..Jc. LLL[>'ir..... 'i.. '1,<-->0.:( ukiuqtaqtumut. Apiqsugaummaalaur­ She has also been interviewed on ~~~cr o.:c..[>(n..rcr( )~?nrn..rcr~J mijuq qaplunaat nunaanni naalausiri­ southern radio and by various news­ <:I'rrr'\('()cr c t>"'brLrt>~no-"J AL­ jinit tusarutilirijinillu ajjigiingngittu­ papers and magazines including Mac­ t><->n'ct>~ Maclean's-d c t>'I>o-L.>r. nit uqalimaaliuqtinillu ilauplutiktauq lean's magazine. Since Ruth is not ?C 'i(,.... LL'i...> .. Lc. JPr'ncr'(­ Maclean's-kut uqalimaangi. Ruth fluent in English, she was able to com­ C~j"J<:lLt>~>~ "'b<...)~( ~CL~ .. cr qapJunaujammarlungmat, tukisititsit­ municate with the southern media )~L"\rn..rcr· Ab ..... Lt>'1>'' 'l>L.. '::>c" 4::>­ nganni tusagaksalirijinik ikajugaupluni Baker Lake native who is now living ct>o-~::>~. ~o- 'l>t>~LCt>,-t>~>~ Sally Webstermit, nunalituqaq qama­ in Ottawa. Sally guided Ruth and ?c-.Jc Ht.t>-.J"-> ::>~~r?t><-> ..->. ni'tuarmiutaq aatuvamiutauliqtuq. Hugh around the cities and interpreted Sally qaujimataulauqpuq Ruthmut for them. Hughmullu tusaajigijauplunilu. 53 Oikaaluktut: Oikaaluktut: Ajjit Images ofInuit Life Inuup Inuusinganit

    by Ruth Annaqtuusi Tulurialik ?.C a./J.I;,t>n' qaplunaatuuqtut (Nalunaijautit by Annaqtuusij 0 /J..D 'n;)' <1 .."'51< m'i"C'f') Inuktitut Annaqtuusi titiraqtangi) Toronto: Oxford University Toronto: Oxford University Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1986 Press, 1986 Press, 1986

    by Deborah Evaluarjuk Deborah Evaluarjuk piliriarijanga

    There have been many books written '\,c-L' m~LI>(Lc-")' I>PI>"'­ Amisut uqalimaat titiragausimaliqput about the North from a southern point C"'J,' A'~~' '\,<~~, CI>JJ(~'­ ukiuqtaqtumik pitjutiliit qaplunaat of view, but not very many from a nJ'. P(PI>"'­ tautugusingittitut, kisiani amisuung­ northerner's perspective. However, C"J',I>' CI>JJ('l.J'. Pf';"'J". t.c...r'7I>"<," Ct.'7"n '\,Lcr'JC". 1>'\,1>('\,">" tunut. Annaqtuusi, inuk titiraujaqti about her experiences and tells stories l>'\,c-L"n.D' .,.'7"C,J' nn~"C'J°->. Ct.'7I>­ unipkaaq&unilu inungnik taqsiqtutsi­ "the sound of people passing by, O""'L JPr" "A.JJI::J. ( "'f'i\~' raqtamigullu. Taijauninga tukilik "Inuit not seen." P('~'J'," qaangiqpalliaqpaluktut, immaqaa iglup silataagut, tusaqsaujut kisiani Each vivid illustration tells a story and CL',' nn~I>'7'(cr'7"(Lro ..0c...'" colour pencil and resemble the works ( ... t...r".D ( nne; t>n.o ( <3 L L .DC'"4'i(, < Tamarmik titiraujatsiaqsimajut unip­ of a child, their meanings are much Ac-n-~'. cr c...~­ nallarmik taqsalingnut titirautinut childhood memories and the experi­ '7,.,. , .DC ~ 1>.,.' , cr , "I>CL' tuusi, atuq&uni aulajijaminik nutarau­ such as hunting, playing games and Ac-n-<'J.,.' ~'jnr..JJ "I\'io-C'"rLr--(. P'iloC~C Cd&.a..'i"­ Ajjiangi tatatput qautamaat piliriari­ ings, and there are references to >, nn~I>'7Lt.°"" cr< b'i"J< JP(C". t..Dt.' °..J"J' b'- maarmijuq unipkaaqtuanik. Amma by famine in the 1950s. .,.'" 1950-'

    RUTH ANNAQTUUSI TULURIAUK & DAVID F. PELLY

    The drawings are expressive and be­ nn~t>7Lll. t>'bt>r''''"c...n. 'JC 'b,Lc ~C"'bC ~~~r~7"­ tugaullualauqtut kaangnirmit 1950-t book that children would like. It would 'd'Lr c . ~7'~'b"n'~7'LJ ll.~L'I' atuqtillugit. keep their active, imaginative minds ~""'~ll.CJC Ct>J"~LJ~"J t>"',L"r'­ occupied because of the easy-to-read ~4~~~~c nn~~tL~< ~~~a~C{4~­ Titiraujagai uqausiqallariktut aaqqik­ text and because of the lively details r'L,,~CJ ~< ~r'~c. AC~r'~C suqsimangmatalu kaamiksititut, isu­ of Inuit life, culture, traditions and ~LL t>..i'LJr"J ~LL ""''b,­ maaqsiriarninganut titiraqsimajup The only criticism I have of this book L'~c nm' r'L..'I' nn~t>7"r'L.!uc nalunaijatsiaqsimaningatalu inuup is that the text that goes with each It>'bt>r'~c L'?L~'< ll.~'''J LALJ'­ inuusingata, pitqusingata amma illustration (usually a paragraph or two ~") nn~"r'L\'I'LLc ~'nJC. Pr'~.. unipkaaqtuat annaqtuusip tukisiqu­ and sometimes a whole pagel is not ~.~"jr' ll.~L~" ~J"'ll.C JPr'..~~~­ jangi nutararminut qaujimalugillu written in Inuktitut. But Annaqtuusi rc..\\('("'"<;t,)c:r" t><..Jr L"dlo)cr'. and recognize many things that to­ Pr'~.. ~'nj,"n'JJ nn~"r'L..'I'C Suinnaruqtirutiksatuara taapsumunga day's young people will not. But At>~LLn.t>~7c...t>"J" «Cr'r~'J" uqalimaarmut titiraqsimaningi titirau­ writing the text in Inuktitut would t>"'t>r"r' ll.,·..~'~\r. ~LL nJr'­ jaqsimajuumanut (uqausiliit marruug­ have been another good way to help Q.7c.J>'iL' < 'bt>r"r' ~J'Jn' JPr'~7'1"'" ani annaqtuusi isumajuq inutuqait tuusi's colourful images about Inuit nmt>r'n.7'1'cC. tukisinia rasugiplugit ilitaqsilutiglu culture in a language understandable amisunik ilitarijaulangngiliqtunik to the people she describes. uplumi makkuktunit. Kisiani inuktituu­ Iiqtirlugu titiraqsimaningit piujum­ mariunajalauqtuq papatsigiarluni uqausirmik ilinniarvingmi. Amma tigusinajalaurmat annaqtuusiup ajjili­ anginnik taqsatsiariktunik inuup pitqu­ sianilirijunik uqausirmik aturlutik tukisiajanginnik titirausirijangitta.

    55 • Kajualuk: The b~~..J 6: A.Dr'4 Kajualuk: • Life of Father Ii H < Inuusia Ataata Pierre Henry Pierre Henry-up

    by Charles Choque, OMI Charles Choque, OMI Charles Choque, OMI 282 pages, saftcaver, A'IL' %<~Q.)"'..J' .. ~( • viiviititut qapfunaatulluunniit. of Churchill/Hudson Bay, 1985. d" '~<1: :)' t

    by Roy Vontobel Roy Vontobel piliriarijanga

    In March 1971, aboard a small plane Maajji 1971-mi, tingmisuugajaami departing from Chesterfield Inlet on ikiupluni igluligaarjuliaqtumi kivalliup the Keewatin coast, Father Pierre sigjangani, ataata Pierre Henry (Kajua­ Henry (Kajualuk, the Red-Bearded luk, aupaluktunik umilik) aullaqpuq One) left the Arctic after a lifetime of ukiuqtaqtumit inuusiluktaaminik missionary labours among the Inuit. ukpirnilirilauq&uni inungni. Tujurmiu­ He would make one more brief visit laupillakkannirniarmijuq igluligaar­ to Chesterfield in 1973, and to Pelly jungmut 1973-mi, arviligjuarmullu Bay for one last look at the mission kingulliqpaamik takujaqturluni tuksiar­ he founded in the land of the Net­ viliulaugaminik natsilingmiuni. Tuqu­ silingmiut. He died in 1979 at the lauqtuq 1979-mi ukiuqaliq&uni age of 74. 74-nik.

    As an Oblate priest of Mary Immacu­ Iksirarjuangupluni m'un 'PJurnaittu­ late, Father Henry had spent many mut, ataata Pierre Henry sangutak­ years in singleminded dedication to saunani piliriaminik pilirivuq, anniala­ his work, despite generally poor uqpakkaluaq&uni aksururnaqtukkuu­ health and the hardships he suffered lau,qpak&unilu tikitsiriitturmiinnirminit, from isolation, hunger and the intense kaanarnirmit ikkiirnarnirmillu. "Ukiu­ cold. "There is no winter in heaven," qangngittuq qilangmi," uqarajukpuq. he often said. "There the love of God "l'aikani guutiup naglingninga ulut­ will flood everything." siniaqpuq sunaluktaanik."

    Father Henry was a young man when, Ataata Pierre Henry makkulauqtuq, filled with apostolic zeal, he left L'>i' 1971-r, n'rh";r 8P~<-,.. tatat&uni ilinniaqtiunirmik, aullarami France in the early 1930s to come to 6.~Jc-C'i""r< (~l;:.'l.(T". France-mit 1930-t atulisaaqtillugit the Arctic. In this, he was not unlike "" ~p~""e""Jr' ungngingilauqtuq i1aminit-irupiannit, peans who, motivated by the mis­ ~(Jlocr(T"· t>·A'i(T"r~Lt>~~ ~~(T". pijumaliqtitauplutik ukpirnilirinirmit, sionary spirit, gave up the comforts of ~""'irt>Lt>A"'L·b"(T"'i(T"­ tumut nunamullu allamut nunataa­ However, by any standard, Father c..t>t..rO""lo o...(r'r\rl>cr. )'idLt>~)'i· riaqtuq&utik. Kisiani, pitqusiqtut, Henry's life was exceptional. Today, 1979-r ~P~'br""-,.. 74-.. '. ataata Pierre Henry-up inuusia ajji­ the missions at Pelly Bay, Spence Bay qalaungngittuq. Uplumi, tuksiarviit and Gjoa Haven owe much to the 6..(~'i""~ A<~'i~6.()J(. arviligjuarmi, talurjuarmi uqsuqtUU­ pioneering efforts of this devoted and <;.. 'i". "~P~""f'CJ'" 'Pc-'r," ~,,~­ Charles Choque-up iksirarjuangu­ an Oblate missionary with 27 years' "'''>'"'. "CAber Jnt>< Q.Lc-\a-'l. t>J(­ qataujuq ukiunik 27-nik ukiuqtaqtumi experience in the North and formerly (0"'<3 ....><;. ,JQ.J·Ccr·." iksirarjuaraaluulauq&unilu Hudson­ Provincial Superior of the Hudson Bay piimi. Ataata Choque iksirarjuangu­ Oblate province. Although Father a- 'i r". <:It> ... c.... Ii r aatuvamiutauliqtuq uplumi, anniara­ Churchill/Hudson Bay Diocese, he France-rc 1930- C f' C jungnirminut. Taikani isumaminik pi­ lives today in Ottawa, mainly because c>pc>c;"C'i":J...J\\f''fc.....t> ..)'"' 6.c....10-( -h.?J\·J\'icrrn..cr'ir c • ~L.6.>( ) \\("o..'"':::>r " ~Q.r\r· t> .. c...... )n· t>"Lr''')...J C ..oa...J<-J jumajamingnik uqalimaaqtit qutvaigia­ ten his book to inspire readers to < ~r'\'f() ... [><...)r. :::>"1<3'''' atulaugainik inuusirmini ukpirnilirinir­ turous life as a pioneer missionary, it c;",tc;'jr..J mini, titirausiqarluaqpuq iksirarjua­ is a vivid chronicle of a portion of 'r"'<~~'" ngunirmik ukiutaqtumi. Piluaqtumik, Oblate history in the North. In par­ '->'" inuusimmaringmik pilirianginnik ukpir­ gives a real-life view of the work of b~' r ~"rLrP­ uqsimarunaaqpuq ataata Hannuriup many photographs from different ~.. ' 27-.. ' ~p~"'e"'Jr d'r'~'~"-> Hr, '" d'r'~'~d' nn"'dn'f".D'. naqtut angutit tunisijut inuusirmingnik rnany remarkable men who have ukiuqtaqtumi ukpirnilirinirmut. devoted their lives to the work of the '" II~Lo,.r'­ northern missions. CT" t>'ibrLc;'n c "d c<:.6.r"', ~"l>r',,~->""'icrrn..cr'ircr. nnc;t>r'~C;...)" ngat: copy from one of the following: d'r'~'~'C.D c ~p~"'e"'Jr "<~'-> Rev. Charles Choque, OMI Rev. Charles Choque, OMI ..Dr::.. ... fT. Cd ... a.. ...nc ">.. .6.~r'LLn..\r· 175 Main Street 175 Main Street Arn..·AC;CTrn..~C t>PC>'"'C'"'­ Ottawa, Ontario Ottawa, Ontario Jr. ~"rL" " < d;r''l... ' l>P~.. nc Churchill, Manitoba Churchill, Manitoba A~Lr?n~'~~ ~~J~~~J( ~~n( ROB OEO ROB OEO J"r'~C d;r"r'.. ' ~p~"'e"'Jr ~~A~~rn..~~..J( .

    CJ $1.00-r' ..1I''l.c''c?n'~r'. II~'­ ~ 'i~C6.'i~ ~d~ \'"L (:

    Rev. Charles Choque, OMI 175 Main Street Ottawa, Ontario K1 S 1C3

    Diocese Of Churchill/Hudson Bay Box 10 Churchill, Manitoba ROB OEO

    57 ;; o· ui :....- ='u~·

    In April 1984, Father Franz Van 46~r 1984-~nc~J, 4CC >~- <­ April 1984-ngutillugu, ataata Franz de Velde OMI of Hall 8each, North­ nA4 c ' ~r~~\r~c~ .~cf4'r •. Van de Velde sanirajangmiutaq nunat­ west Territories, was presented with Jr~~,_~'>~ b..C~< C6~~'"n'\.r' siarmi, tunijaulaurpuq kanataup tai­ the Order of Canada from the then d6- pLI-~J~nr'_~~C'\.r' b..Cr. jautjutinganik kuin kiggaqtuqtigilauq­ Governor General of Canada, the Hon. 6':>' 1~6,,'r'. 6rC~~~'"nr- tanganit kanatami, itvut suraijurmit, Edward Schreyer, in recognition of ....'l,0""~ Arn.. < ilitarija utjutigijanganik pi Ii riaqaqsima­ the work he has done in the Canadian ~P~~C~J'\.r 4'~jr'Jr 50-r'. Iirninganut kanataup ukiuqtaqtungani Arctic for the past fifty years. When l>Pl>'""'ci..:>r .. ..J a.o'idnr7'f .. a-·...> Arn..­ arraaguulirtuni 50-nik. Ukiuqtaqtu­ the news of his interest in the Arctic 4"b'r'b?Lr'\. J~~C~\L' A~ci'Lr­ miklu inuqutigijanginniklu piliriaqarni­ and Inuit reached his native 8elgium, ~r' .~rr', A4ci'Lr~' ~'i'?I­ qarumaninga tusaqtaungmat piuljim­ the 8elgians too recognized the valu­ "bC~r,_~'>' 4J'r"bLL~')r' b~­ miunit nunaminit, pialjimmiut utjiru· able contribution he had made to CJ' A~4~Jr' ~P~~C"J..Jc Jrf­ suqataulilaurput aturniqammariktumik Canada and especially the Arctic. In "bC~fLr'\.-,,'. A~ "4ci'Lr~' mut tunisiqatausimaninganut. Feb­ at the 8elgian Embassy in Ottawa so I\c...'nr.6.r--rn.r--·d"a­ ruary 1986-mi, quviasugutjiniqtaqa­ they could honour him also. 4~J' 4L~. 6b'~'r' 4C~f'r' Amisuuluangittut qaiqatauqujasimajut ments and converstion, the Ambas­ 6r~'_\r'b''_~'nc~rc~ ~'bc,_"bnr\­ katiniqalaurput ammalu, ikarrarmik sador of 8elgium presented the "Che­ r'bc..~'nc~rc~. 4L.D( )a-(rc..t><;>'"'" "Chevalier u qall aqati 9 i ing n iqa fa urtillug ill u, (Knight of the Order of the Crown) to de L'Ordre de la Couronne"-r' ampaasitaujuq pialjimmiunut tunisili­ Father Van de Velde. This decoration 4CC <- nA4c~'. CL.. ~~r' laurpuq "Chevalier de L'ordre de la is a great honour and a well-deserved Jr~~~~'\.' JP'b'nC~"b'C'L' ALL­ Couronne"-mik ataata vaan tiviallut. recognition by the country of his birth n.. ... c..n..t>a-\L.oc <..t><;>... :Jcrr'a-'..J' • Ammaluptauq, sananguagaq ataata Van de Velde-nguaq saqqitaulaurpuq tunisiniqarnirmi, sananguaqtavininga Harold Pfeiffermut. 58 Children playing "touch" and .DC"""b C "4LPCC>C:)c" "Lc-":>Cj­ Nutaqqat "aamakitauttut" "malik­ 'follow the leader" on our year's ~'-,n'_,.' ~P~...J' r

    It all began in 1933 when I went to Ar~ C6L 1933-~n"­ Pigiarniqalaursimavunga taima 1933­ Eskimo Point to join my husband .>J ~' I> P1>"'­ guit 17 naasimalirmata, 1950-mi, Bishop of the Arctic. c"':Jr '>~. Donald aarlikamiunut ukiuqtaqtumi ajuqiqtuijirjuangulilaurpuq. He had already spent seven years in 7-r' ">"lo :J" r'4"/\r[>".,ltTJ tJ..D .. n:> .. ...,) 7-nik arraagukasangnik arviarmiisi­ the church, and learning Inuktitut. He I>'b~'c.>r. J, r' npcl>~'­ ursimangmat 1926-ngutillugu, arraa­ date by missionaries from Churchill, CLt>'ia-'i.Ja" r'>"La-. CI:J.Lt>r'in .. JJ. gutamaallu ajuqiqtuijinit kuukjuaq Manitoba. By that time, Pallirmuit had ~"r'irt>( a-t>"~4~(CrLt>'ir'L\L( maanituupamiunit tikitauqattalaur­ traded in Churchill' and some even d""~"cr'i.,ln" (Aba". 6..D!:J.( A.DJ'ibt>cr'i- paallirmiut niuviriaqattalilaursimang-

    59 us tales of those days. A Reverend ~A( ~~~ .. J'''" "~7"~"nr'''. kuukjuarmilu Hudson Bay tariungatalu My first home in Canada was with the sinaani nunaliujunuaqattar&uni. Qa­ Inuit of Eskimo Point. It was many, b..C~'L 'l. b..cr­ people, the heat in summer, and the A.D'r'~'. ~"J~'l.~' ~. L'd 'J• ...> ~. laurpakka. Arvianut tikinnama inuk­ was mostly baby talk. This I found out dC')'~~·~'-'~. P,~-, ~~~~­ titut uqallagungnalaunginnama. Nuta­ years afterwards! )~'n·-,J dC''''~' ~P'r~'-'~. rakulungnik nakligusulikautigilaur- I was very homesick. Once I went into ' r'L:>'L , r'­ punga. Makkuktullu amaartut nutara­ the church building (the lumber used 'L." )'r'?nl>'<" d''<'<."n'). d'f" ..L ..'P'Cl>n.D' inuktitut uqausirmik ilitsivallialilaur­ played and played the small portable dLr'.>'L." 'P, r'L:>'L. 'PLLnl..o- Jt...- kisianilu qangasangutuqartillugu ku­ and weeping many tears. Suddenly I ,>'L I>'%')r', "CLI>'Lc..I>'f' ' ..II ' tangnimnik tukisilisaar&unga. stopped and heard a voice within me. ~ ..C~np. CLI>'Lc..I>,lI' )crr'­ It said, "You have not come here to 7,",)'iloI"Lnr." ~ ..,L' '>'. cr' < d.,,r'nCI>.,,'>" ~'LI>\.cr"." ~ ..r'­ kalla~kama uummatimni tusalipunga t9llching the girls and children. The L'<'cr' Ac'%,'nCI><."cr doDd' ~'LI>­ uqartumik, "tamaungalaunginnavit church was made lovely inside and \.,')'crd'f"cr' , ~L dLI>< <..'r'L'LC. nn"b.. ' ravit tunisijaqtuqsimaplutit." belong to the Inuit. Sam Koomuk's 6.D·nj'l)0"'· .D~r~L~<;).D( 4~"­ daughter helped a lot. We sent a let­ L"'n(l"~cCL~<;>J( ~A<;L·~~r<;« Taimakautigilu sunaiimaat asiangur­ ter in Inuktitut to every inland camp n.. ' ." d,' ..L..'%)­ pakka niviarsiallu nutaqqallu. Tuksiar­ get together and learn about God's 6L~c....~<;IL~L 0"'~~~~4<;~~0"'~<;JJ. viup ilua piusititaulualaurpuq sungau­ '%1>~'%'C'r'LLr' L word. Quite a few knew only that 'Pc..."L"r'I>"n ." janillu sanasimajunik pitaqalirtitaup­ Christmas was Nerriwiguak-a time .. l>lI"~"'" CdLd,I>'%'C' ..'L'.. '. luni Inuit sungaujalirturnikunginnik. of feasting, which they observed from )~I>Lc..I>'f'LLC jnl>< d'..'LC ..",­ Sam Koomuk paniata ikajuluaqat­ the whalers and traders. They had I>n'>". bnL'bnr"b' Cc...t>~ ~'i'­ maniqarungnaqupluta tuksiutiniklu women and children grew. We met 'N~' Cd' ~t>'"n>' (~J"Ct><:c...t>'J' ilinniaqatigiikluta. Amisuuniqsait over tea and biscuits and our magic ?nC'bc...t>'n·~J-,. C' ~7t>nC­ anivvianik tukisiumaniqatuinnalaur­ lantern (which was used before there %c...t>' n'~J-, t.d W;"J'dnCIlc...t>, n·­ simangma nirivigjuarnaunirar&ugu, were projectors, movies and electric­ ~J-,) Cd'~t>n't<:'-,n' J'tt>n~ qaujiqattarsimagamik qilalugaqsiuq­ ity) displayed bible story pictures. [>0"'< b?flo-" "'-, <~t>"'-, ~)~ ~An- nik. Tusaumalaungimmata guutiup worked on a little book in which a pic­ n..'"'b'('i,.Jn" A.D·n::)\{, ....o",· 0.0'" J"t'- irningata nalliutivvigingmagu. ture stamp was pasted with Inuktitut t>rllO"" Q.,a-t' .... , a..C; L,."L'l c t>crAJ~~C;a·bJ'L'i.'r' t>n"tL~?~ I>P'tL'L' t>Pt>"C"Jr. t...t.' J~'­ qalaurtinnagulu) takuksautitsivak­ the Arctic, by Inuit passing on the Q.~)O"''' ..DQ.rC;~~~~( '-r'ilo< jurlu paniujurlu atuni nipitiriqattar&u­ Christians spread the same glad d~t.'jtrt>' ~r"b%nr'~'Cc...t>'LC­ tik inuktituungajunik nani tuksiutimini tidings. n)( )"';0.'"')0-". nanisijungnarajarmangaat unipkaar­ mik. Papataksariplunigillu, puiguqsa­ These were happy days for me and I t><:L ..' 'd,,~~"jnt>c...t>'tL\LC t...­ raikkaluartilluta iqqaitjutigiqattagak­ learned to love the Inuit most dearly. AL J a..LrrJ'i<"b. L~Q.t>r'i)r sariplunigillu nutaqqaminullu inuuqa­ I am nearly 81 years old now. I want 81-~' ~'~·J'b~~L. t.../1' ~'''­ timinullu amiqqaqatiginiartaksaminik to thank you, the Inuit of Eskimo ~'rt>' 'd7'~r'LL~JL<' b. /1';'t<­ sunanik arviani ilitsilaurmangaarmii Point, for letting me share my life with t'~' ~r"b%nr"'..c...t>~

    Taimanna tuksiarviliriniq siammakpal­ Iialilaursimangmat ukiuqtaqtumi, inuit tusarnaqtunik nunaliralaangujunut amiqqaqattarningittigut. Taimannat­ sainnaq, 1,900-ngulirtut arraaguit naasimajut, sivulliqpaa kuraistuusi­ miut amiqqaqatigiiqattalaurmatatitut tusarnaqtunik.

    Uvamnut quvianaqtuutiulaursimang­ mata inuillu nagligilualilaurpakka. Maannaulirtumi 81-nik arraaguqali­ rama. Inuit arviarmiut qujannamiim­ marigumavakka, inuusipsingnik amiq­ qaqatigijun9nalaurapsinga.

    Children outside the Anglican ..o('ilo"b ( "t' A'~'~r 1935. silataani arviani upirngaksami spring of 1935. There was a party ~~"L~4\cr,t>c..t>t~~~~C >4\<1- marruk pianingmanik. atausirluun­ was broken-to the children they , \f' (::>%~~~~~;( ngittuq - nutaqqanut iplirnaluamut The door standing upright in the ~ d tA'~C An~A~ nappangajuq miksiqpani niqau­ the snowbank. 4~1><'r. sivingmut itirvik aniuvangmi. Remembering Ii.'i. bl>Lo- 'i. Iqqaumaniq the "Arctic Man" "l>Pl>'i·c'i·:>rl>Cr • "Ukiuqtaqtumiu­ 4\J Lr ." tamik Angummik"

    by Kim Carter Kim Carter piliriarijanga

    Ernest Wilson Lyall, known as the !>pt>'-'c"4)rt>c'" "'C~( C6L"~(~6"~'" C~· limaagaliarilauqtaanut taimannatsain­ in July at his home in Spence Bay. He t>crPI>"'c'iftJrr.. a~~"O=d>c; naq taipluniuk unipkaar&uni ukiuqtaq­ was 76 years old. !>"U'I'L .D"b'L' "",,-t.\Jn"-,J ~<:J'" 19-~""," nn~"n~<-"," H" ". Inungmik nuliaqtaalaurpuq nipisamik. went to work for the government in 1962-~n"'..JJJ. ~"'brCA"'~Lt>'i.,.,O"" 11-ngujunik qiturgaqalir&utik. Gava­ Spence Bay. Lyall had helped found H<- .DQ.r­ tiqammarililaurpuq. 1962-ngutillu­ remained there for four decades. Dur­ t>..'r· CJ'i~<1'icr· .Da.r'ibr""n C r''''bC[>­ gulu, nuqqalitainnalaur&uni Hatsan­ ing his years at Spence Bay, he served c..t>'i{L>"" Cl::J.bO""J .Da..r"'br'i""'a- {CLC paikkunnit, gavamaujunut talurjuarni L ft as Justice of the Peace, coroner, <1 LAa- • C..J'i~<1'iO=LrO"". l::J. ... b...JI::J.­ iqqanaijaaqangaalir&uni. Lyall nuna­ game officer, and power plant me­ ra-t>.J<..JfTJ. ~~\;''iJO'''.J "'bl>r-"""­ liujumik talurjuarnik nunaliqaliqtitsi­ chanic. He delivered several children n~<-,,- !>L"",c-,,"'~~<-''i>'i•. f:j,'it:r; .JcrftJ lir&uni sitamat aggainik. Talurjuar­ and Nipisha were recipients of the t.b"",'b'C'r'L<-'" "o"..' b'~o..~< ct.o"~'",,,n'L" ~a-Pl>c;ftCC;ftJr. about my life in the North is that I got ~"c-LL" nn~,-~'>" t.L'o... "~'b­ Uvatsiarungurtillugulu, ikajuqtuqtaup­ fed up with all the baloney in so many c-LLc-~?L'"",nr-,o;r.C ... j< r" ~.Dc." inuusirminik ukiuqtaqtumi. Uqalimaa- 63 Igloolik, who used to work for the /).J)/:1C "'bt>~Lc_J>'ii)~· L.6.t>"'r~ Q..~rJ­ garmi titiralaurpuq imanna, "uqali­ Hudson's Bay Company, describes 1'«k_t>'LC. .;. L'C.." fl.'->,'­ maagaliurumatjutigilualaurapku unip­ him as "a gentle sort of soul. His book ,t>C". H";c...t>' (L','<'''. t>..'i (L>'i'- c...At> ... rt. ·/o.~c-"C ..j<.JCT lujualuuplutik uqalimaagaliursimajut on, but he wasn't. He was a gentle ~(%c...t>'> t>%,LLr"C~C fl.1- titiraqtauqattarsimaningit ukiuqtaq­ sort of person and very easy to get Lr"it.nJ "'a. 'iLn C Lc t.,l<'L..~.D"-> many people who happened to be , P(­ Inuit qaujimalaurtuq laiulmik nagligu­ passing through Spence Bay." \fLL'. a.~r"C"j"iL( sutsialaurmata. John MacDonald iglu­ A<:J(T' ' d fl. 'i. 'n'b' Cc...t>' (L'LJ C-> ' '<''ibc..t><;)C;\ r'>'-c-'i"..(LLn."rJ'c;\ uqalimaagaliarilauqtangata isumaliq­ inspectors and found Ernie alone in bn'L"t>' c...fl.t>" Hi\ 'i "La-t>c..t> 'i L C,) 'i ~t>o"'~'n­ jumaninganullu asinginniklu, kisiani wasn't prepared for our arrival at all. ~'.. ' A'bn'b'->'L npc...t>'(LLL C->'­ taimannaittuulaungimmat. Nagliqtaq­ However, since we were ahead of '<'c...C(o'''t><''' fl.%"r­ tuupluni inuusiqalaurmat piqanniq­ schedule, the HBC was very forgiv­ ~­ tummarialuuplunilu. Uvaguni amisu­ ing," laughed MacDonald. rc...t>~C(,'-,nJ np,..~,~"t>' talurjuakkuurtunut.',

    MacDonald also recalled another "'b..DA ...... J'f'L'. II L"C.D( 6..(.. 'i")a" adventure with Lyall. "Years ago, we t>%'>", Maktaanut uqalaurpuq sivulliqpaam­ started up a piping band in Spence maringmiguuq katirgaramiuk Lyall Bay. There were three of us from L'C.D' fl."bt>Lr>" Ir~'bn'l>c...t>'..~­ Hudson Bay kampanikkut niuvirvi­ the south who could play the pipes, 0"'<;10"'· L.6.&>"'r". "C6.< ,)Lo-b<-c..\ • ganiulaurma talurjuarni. "Hudson Bay but not very well. Ernie decided he (b'c...·'t>' nCJn~'''' ' (LL'C C->'­ tiqar&unga tikilaursimagama talur­ We all had kilts except Ernie so we got ~~'­ riarsimajumik iqqanaijarutjipluni. Niriu­ niest thing was watching him try to b...J<3'i.,)C. t>"i(T 'ifc.J>'7'i1onl>"'Lr 'i,..JCT gilaungitsiaraluar&unitigut, tikivvikma march. He couldn't get the hang of t>«n'.D' nc'nL->c. CLCfl. C 7~'''' A%'­ miut qanuiksalualaungilat," Mac­ peculiar walk and three men poorly n"->c ~' .. A%~'Jj'L' 'PA',' Donald iklar&uni uqarpuq. playing the pipes behind him. It must ' (LL­ have looked very'funny." '(L'LC Cd'~'->J AI,­ Sam Metcalfe, ilanga laiuulup, uqausi­ o,.LIJ, '(L'LJ, qalaurpuq Lyall piqanniqtummariuni­ Sam Metcalfe, a relative, said Lyall .6.t,>Jc..t>"LlTt'> (L.a.. <:]\J /\,)'r'c..t><;.JJ'." Qiturgarijangillu nulianganut nagligu­ fun. His kids and wife really had a lot sutsiar&utiklu upigusutsialaurmata of love and respect for him," he said. ~L ,'b', .fl.c...'L ,-fl.~.t><, t>'bt>(­ laiulmik," uqar&uni. Uqakkannirip­ He also said that Lyall was working on "'bc..t>'i),", LAt>'- A"b ... cr'ilo:JLLn.t>t.. ".6..D"'b"cr"'bnrrLt>~tLLL.D ft raqpaltialilauraluarmingmat sunniku­ in the North. bnr~'-'.D', fl."bt>L' (~ 'd~ t>AJ;'('LC his sons Billy, Johnny and Bob of LAt>'-r ft ." t>Cib~,.)cr. t>~ftb"CTI'\.<..JCT..J Lyallup nulianga Nipisha: irningit Billy, Cambridge Bay; sons Pat, Charlie c...fl.t>"J" t>'brLL'" nn~~~..JP­ miutait: irninga Pat, Charlie ammalu daughters-Sylvia Lyall of Spence t>'iftc'iftJr"CT~rCT. Dennis talurjuarmiutait: ammalu sita­ Bay, Bella Wilcox of Cambridge Bay, mat paningit-Sylvia Lyall talurjuar­ Kathy Lyall of Yellowknife and Betty LAt>'-t>< .Dr'j'rCfl. c ; miutaq, Kathy Lyall jalunaimiutaq A~CT"L Cfl.'; (CL' <..~,­ taq qimakpangit. ,~. (t>"~L C->'<'C". A"c... ~t>"b fl.%->'j'(C", bn ,-fl.t>L o,.->..fl.,t>c" ?'C C" 'PL ' <~ C,

    64