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Ġstanbul Teknġk Ünġversġtesġ Sosyal ĠSTANBUL TEKNĠK ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ SOSYAL BĠLĠMLER ENSTĠTÜSÜ NEDÎM’ĠN ġĠĠRLERĠNDE MĠMARĠ ESERLERE GÖNDERMELER YÜKSEK LĠSANS TEZĠ ġükran ÖZEL Anabilim Dalı: Sanat Tarihi Programı: Sanat Tarihi KASIM 2010 ĠSTANBUL TEKNĠK ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ SOSYAL BĠLĠMLER ENSTĠTÜSÜ NEDÎM’ĠN ġĠĠRLERĠNDE MĠMARĠ ESERLERE GÖNDERMELER YÜKSEK LĠSANS TEZĠ ġÜKRAN ÖZEL (402021006) Tezin Enstitüye Verildiği Tarih : 11 Eylül 2010 Tezin Savunulduğu Tarih : 1 Kasım 2010 Tez DanıĢmanı: Doç. Dr. Aygül AĞIR (ĠTÜ) Diğer Jüri Üyeleri: Yrd. Doç. Dr. Nezihe SEYHAN (BÜ) Yrd. Doç. Dr. Tarkan OKÇUOĞLU(ĠÜ) KASIM 2010 ÖNSÖZ 18. yüzyılın başında en olgun dönemini yaşayan Nedîm, Divan şiirinin en usta isimlerinden biridir. Bu ustalığı, özellikle onun yaşadığı dönemle bütünleşen bir şair olmasından gelir. Nedîm, Divan‟ında pek çok mimari tasvir yapar, bir beyitinde kendini hünerli bir mimara benzetir. O, mimarinin yaratıcı kudretine hayrandır. Bu sebeple yazdığı pek çok şiirde döneminin yapılarıyla ilgili ayrıntıları görebiliriz. Devrinin diğer şairleri gibi onun da Divanı‟nda pek çok târîh vardır. Nedîm‟in mimari tasvirleriyle daha çok onun târîhlerinde karşılaşırız. Nedîm târîhlerini, Lâle Devri‟nin ünlü kasırlarının yanında devrin çeşme, sebil vb. imar faaliyetleri için yazmıştır. Ayrıca Damat İbrahim Paşa‟nın Nevşehir‟de yaptırdığı cami, medrese, han ve çeşmeler için de târîh yazmıştır. Nedîm târîhlerinde çok defa hakkında târîh düşürdüğü olayı anlatır. İnşasının tamamlanması üzerine târîh yazdığı yapının niçin ve nasıl yapıldığı hakkında bilgi verir. Nedîm‟in târîhleri devrini aydınlatması bakımından önemlidir. Bu tez çalışmasında Nedîm‟in özellikle târîhlerindeki mimari tasvirler tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca Nedîm‟in dört kasidesindeki ve Şevk-âbâd hakkında yazdığı nazmındaki mimari tasvirler üzerinde çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Lâle Devri‟nin ruhunu günümüze taşıyan Nedîm‟in, devrinde inşa edilen mimari eserleri algılama ve bunu şiirlerine yansıtma tarzını irdelemektir. Bu çalışmada Muhsin Macit‟in hazırladığı Nedîm Divanı‟ndan faydalanılmıştır. Çalışmamda karşılaştığım en büyük sorun, Nedîm Divanı‟nın günümüz diline çevirisinin olmamasıydı. Çünkü çeviriyi doğru yapmak, şairin vermek istediği anlamı tespit etmek incelikli bir çalışma gerektirmektedir. Bu nedenle çeviri yaparken sabrı ve özverisiyle bana yardımcı olan değerli hocam Yrd. Doç. Dr. Nezihe Seyhan‟a teşekkürü bir borç bilirim. Ayrıca bu çalışmamda yönlendirici fikirleriyle yolumu aydınlatan danışmanım Doç. Dr. Aygül Ağır‟a şükranlarımı sunarım. Eylül 2010 Şükran ÖZEL ii iii ĠÇĠNDEKĠLER Sayfa ÖNSÖZ................................................................................................................... ii KISALTMALAR.................................................................................................. x ġEKĠL LĠSTESĠ.................................................................................................... xii ÖZET...................................................................................................................... xiv SUMMARY........................................................................................................... xvi 1. GĠRĠġ................................................................................................................ 1 2. 18. YÜZYILDA OSMANLI DEVLETĠ’NDE SOSYAL VE SĠYASĠ DURUM .................................................................... 5 2.1. 18. Yüzyılın Başında Osmanlı Devleti Ve III. Ahmed............................. 5 2.2. Lâle Devri ................................................................................................. 8 2.3. Nevşehirli Damad İbrahim Paşa ............................................................... 12 2.4. Lâle Devri‟nde Osmanlı Mimarisi ............................................................ 18 2.5. Patrona Halil İsyanı ve Lâle Devri‟nin Sonu ............................................ 27 3. 18. YÜZYILDA DĠVAN ġĠĠRĠ...................................................................... 31 3.1. 18. Yüzyılda Divan Şiirinin Özellikleri .................................................... 31 3.2. Nedîm Dışında III. Ahmed Dönemi Şairleri............................................. 35 3.2.1. Dürrî................................................................................................. 35 3.2.2. Osmanzâde Taib ............................................................................. 35 3.2.3. Kâmî ............................................................................................... 36 3.2.4. Sâmi ................................................................................................ 37 3.2.5. Râşid ............................................................................................... 37 3.2.6. İzzet Ali Paşa................................................................................... 38 3.2.7. Seyyid Vehbî .................................................................................. 39 3.2.8. Neylî ............................................................................................... 40 3.2.9. Nahifî............................................................................................... 40 4. 18. YÜZYILIN YENĠLĠKÇĠ ġAĠRĠ NEDÎM............................................... 43 4.1. Nedîm‟in Yaşam Öyküsü .......................................................................... 43 4.2. Nedîm‟in Edebi Kişiliği ve Şiirlerinin Özellikleri .................................... 46 4.3. Nedîm‟in Eserleri ...................................................................................... 53 4.4. Nedîm‟de 18. Yüzyıl Manzum Tarih Özellikleri ..................................... 54 5. NEDÎM’ĠN ġĠĠRLERĠNDE MĠMARĠ ESERLERE GÖNDERMELER . 63 5.1. Çeşmeler ................................................................................................... 63 5.1.1. Emetullah Gülnuş Valide Sultan Çeşmesi....................................... 63 5.1.1.1. Nedîm‟in şiirinde Emetullah Gülnuş Valide Sultan Çeşmesi 64 5.1.1.2. Değerlendirme........................................................................ 65 5.1.2. Şehzâde Bayezid Çeşmesi............................................................... 66 5.1.2.1. Nedîm‟in şiirinde Şehzade Bayezid Çeşmesi........................ 67 5.1.2.2. Değerlendirme........................................................................ 67 5.1.3. III. Ahmed Çeşmesi ve Sebili ......................................................... 68 5.1.3.1. Nedîm‟in şiirinde III. Ahmed Çeşmesi ve Sebili................... 70 iv 5.1.3.2. Değerlendirme........................................................................ 71 5.1.4. Emetullah Kadın Çeşmesi................................................................ 72 5.1.4.1. Nedîm‟in şiirinde Emetullah Kadın Çeşmesi......................... 73 5.1.4.2. Değerlendirme........................................................................ 74 5.1.5. Damad İbrahim Paşa Çeşmesi ........................................................ 75 5.1.5.1. Nedîm‟in şiirinde Damad İbrahim Paşa Çeşmesi.................. 75 5.1.5.2. Değerlendirme........................................................................ 76 5.1.6. Damad İbrahim Paşa Çeşmesi......................................................... 76 5.1.6.1. Nedîm‟in şiirinde Damad İbrahim Paşa Çeşmesi.................. 77 5.1.6.2. Değerlendirme........................................................................ 80 5.1.7. Hatice Sultan Çeşmesi..................................................................... 80 5.1.7.1. Nedîm‟in şiirinde Hatice Sultan Çeşmesi.............................. 81 5.1.7.2. Değerlendirme........................................................................ 82 5.1.8. Hacı Beşir Ağa Çeşmesi................................................................... 82 5.1.8.1. Nedîm‟in şiirinde Hacı Beşir Ağa Çeşmesi............................ 83 5.1.8.2. Değerlendirme........................................................................ 85 5.1.9. Kaptan Mustafa Paşa Çeşmesi......................................................... 85 5.1.9.1. Nedîm‟in şiirinde Kaptan Mustafa Paşa Çeşmesi.................. 86 5.1.9.2. Değerlendirme........................................................................ 88 5.1.10. Damadzâde Ebülhayr Ahmed Efendi Çeşmesi............................... 88 5.1.10.1. Nedîm‟in şiirinde Damadzâde Ebülhayr Ahmed Efendi Çeşmesi.................................................................................. 89 5.1.10.2. Değerlendirme........................................................................ 90 5.1.11. Nevşehir‟deki Çeşme....................................................................... 90 5.1.11.1. Nedîm‟in şiirinde Nevşehir‟deki Çeşme................................ 90 5.1.11.2. Değerlendirme........................................................................ 91 5.1.12. Ürgüp‟teki Çeşme............................................................................ 92 5.1.12.1. Nedîm‟in şiirinde Ürgüp‟teki Çeşme..................................... 92 5.1.12.2. Değerlendirme........................................................................ 93 5.1.13. Nevşehir‟deki Çeşme....................................................................... 93 5.1.13.1. Nedîm‟in şiirinde Nevşehir‟deki Çeşme.................................. 93 5.1.13.2. Değerlendirme.......................................................................... 94 5.1.14. Nevşehir‟deki Tavukçu Çeşmesi....................................................
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