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Micro- Tesauros Una Herramienta MICRO- para la Documentación TESAUROS de Violaciones a los Derechos Humanos Lations s Traducido por Judith Dueck Aída María Noval Manuel Guzman Bert Verstappen 2001, 2006 Publicado y distribuido por Secretariado de HURIDOCS 48 chemin du Grand-Montfleury CH-1290 Versoix Suiza Tel. +41.22.755 5252, fax +41.22.755 5260 Correo electrónico: [email protected] Sitio web: http://www.huridocs.org Copyright 2001, 2006 por HURIDOCS. Reservados todos los derechos. Diseño de interiores y diagramación para esta edición: Taller de sueños • Gabriela Monticelli • [email protected] Créditos fotográficos: Páginas 1, 3 y 7: Archivo institucional del Centro de Derechos Humanos Fray Bartolomé de Las Casas; página 5: Archivo personal Aída María Noval; página 193 y 205: Archivo institucional de HURIDOCS. Se permite la copia limitada de esta obra: Con el fin de facilitar la documentación y la capacitación, las organizaciones de derechos humanos y los centros de documentación están autorizados a fotocopiar partes de este documento, a condición de que mencionen la fuente. Para versiones de este documento en inglés, árabe, francés y otros idiomas, sírvase contactar al editor. HURIDOCS Catalogación en fuente (CIP) TÍTULO: Micro-tesauros: una herramienta para la documentación de violaciones a los derechos humanos AUTOR PERSONAL: Dueck, Judith; Guzman, Manuel; Verstappen, Bert AUTOR CORPORATIVO: HURIDOCS LUGAR DE PUBLICACIÓN: Versoix [Suiza] EDITORIAL: HURIDOCS DISTRIBUIDOR: HURIDOCS DIRECCIÓN: 48 chemin du Grand-Montfleury, CH-1290 Versoix, Suiza CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: [email protected] FECHA DE PUBLICACIÓN: 20071200 PÁGINAS: 210 p. ISBN: 92-95015-16-9 IDIOMA: SPA BIBLIOGRAFÍA: S ÍNDICE: PROCESAMIENTO DE LA INFORMACIÓN TEXTO LIBRE: Colección de documentos desarrollados por HURIDOCS, o adaptados de diversas fuentes. Los Micro-tesauros son para usarse junto con los manuales de los Formatos estándares de HURIDOCS, en particular con los Formatos estándares de Eventos: una herramienta para la documentación de violaciones a los derechos humanos. Índice de contenido Agradecimientos 5 Introducción 7 MICRO-TESAURO 1: Términos de indexación de HURIDOCS 12 MICRO-TESAURO 2: Tipología de violaciones 20 MICRO-TESAURO 3: Tipología de derechos 24 MICRO-TESAURO 4: Tipos de actos 31 MICRO-TESAURO 5: Métodos de violencia 51 MICRO-TESAURO 6: Instrumentos internacionales 56 MICRO-TESAURO 7: Unidades de conteo 75 MICRO-TESAURO 8: Estado civil 76 MICRO-TESAURO 9: Educación 77 MICRO-TESAURO 10: Ocupaciones (Categorías OIT) 78 MICRO-TESAURO 11: Descriptores físicos 87 MICRO-TESAURO 12: Religiones 97 MICRO-TESAURO 13: Grupos étnicos 99 MICRO-TESAURO 14: Idiomas 118 MICRO-TESAURO 15: Términos geográficos 132 MICRO-TESAURO 16: Tipos de material fuente 151 MICRO-TESAURO 17: Tipos de lugares 152 MICRO-TESAURO 18: Grados de involucramiento 157 MICRO-TESAURO 19: Conexión de la fuente con la información 158 MICRO-TESAURO 20: Tipos de intervención 159 MICRO-TESAURO 21: Tipos de relaciones 160 MICRO-TESAURO 22: Tipos de cadena de eventos 162 MICRO-TESAURO 23: Características relevantes 163 MICRO-TESAURO 24: Tipos de perpetradores 166 MICRO-TESAURO 25: Estatus como víctima 168 MICRO-TESAURO 26: Estatus como perpetrador 170 MICRO-TESAURO 27: Tipos de respuestas 171 MICRO-TESAURO 28: Atribución del acto 172 MICRO-TESAURO 29: Tipos de detención 173 ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDO 3 MICRO-TESAURO 30: Localización y contacto con el exterior durante la detención 174 MICRO-TESAURO 31: Asesoría legal 175 MICRO-TESAURO 32: Tipos de tribunales 176 MICRO-TESAURO 33: Tipos de idiomas o lenguas usados en el tribunal 177 MICRO-TESAURO 34: Resultados de la necropsia 178 MICRO-TESAURO 35: Certificado de defunción 179 MICRO-TESAURO 36: Confesiones firmadas 180 MICRO-TESAURO 37: Atención médica 181 MICRO-TESAURO 38: Intencionalidad 182 MICRO-TESAURO 39: Sexo 183 MICRO-TESAURO 40: Tipos de direcciones 184 MICRO-TESAURO 41: Estatus de las violaciones 185 MICRO-TESAURO 42: Confiabilidad 186 MICRO-TESAURO 43: Estatus de monitoreo 187 MICRO-TESAURO 44: Impacto sobre la situación 188 MICRO-TESAURO 45: Estatus de la intervención 189 MICRO-TESAURO 46: Prioridad 190 MICRO-TESAURO 47: Reparación 191 MICRO-TESAURO 48: Tipos de fechas 192 MICRO-TESAUROS Locales 193 MICRO-TESAURO 61: Índice local 195 MICRO-TESAURO 62: Legislación nacional 196 MICRO-TESAURO 63: Área geográfica local 197 MICRO-TESAURO 64: Términos locales para ocupaciones 198 MICRO-TESAURO 65: Orígenes 199 MICRO-TESAURO 66: Lenguas o idiomas locales 200 MICRO-TESAURO 67: Orientación sexual 201 MICRO-TESAURO 68: Otro Tesauro 202 MICRO-TESAURO 69: Distritos judiciales 204 Bibliografía 205 4 Micro-tesauros • Una Herramienta para la Documentación de Violaciones a los Derechos Humanos Agradecimientos HURIDOCS Otras personas que contribuyeron a este desea agradecer trabajo: especialmente al Equipo Stephen Hansen, cuyo trabajo en el Tesauro de derechos económicos, de diseño de Evsys sociales y culturales contribuyó para desarrollar varias listas en este que ha contribuido documento. enormemente a Kathleen Maltzahn y Catherine Clarin-De Jesus, quienes revisaron la revisión de los los Formatos estándares de Eventos y los Documentos de Apoyo en el proceso de adaptarlos para la documentación de la violencia Formatos estándares contra la mujer, y con ello contribuyeron a enriquecer algunas de de Eventos y los Micro- las listas incluidas en este trabajo. tesauros utilizados en combinación con ellos. El Equipo de diseño de Las siguientes personas, miembros actuales Evsys lo integran: o anteriores del Comité de Seguimiento (Consejo Directivo) de HURIDOCS, dieron • Ricardo Cifuentes dirección y prestaron su apoyo: • Judith Dueck • Manuel Guzman Kofi Kumado, Presidente (Facultad de Derecho, Universidad de Gha- • Romilly Gregory na, Ghana) • Bjørn Stormorken Kumar Rupesinghe, Presidente anterior (Sri Lanka / Noruega) Agnethe Olesen, Tesorera (Danish Centre for Human Rights, Dina- ambién queremos agrade- marca) cer especialmente a Aída James Lawson, Tesorero anterior (Centro de Información sobre los T Mará Noval, quien con Ju- Derechos Humanos, Consejo de Europa, Francia) dith Dueck compilaron los Docu- Michael Protz-Schwarz, Tesorero anterior (Evangelischer Ju- mentos de Apoyo, que en buena genddienst, Alemania) medida constituyen la base de este Bjørn Stormorken, Tesorero anterior (Noruega) trabajo. Aída María Noval continuó Hans Thoolen, Tesorero anterior (Alto Comisionado de las Naciones colaborando en este trabajo con co- Unidas para los Refugiados, Suiza) mentarios y sugerencias. Supang Chantavanich (Asian Research Centre on Migration, Tailan- dia) HURIDOCS desea expresar su más Judith Dueck (Canadá) sincero agradecimiento a Aída Ma- Manuel Guzman (Task Force Detainees of the Philippines, Filipinas) ría Noval, miembro del Comité de Aurora Javate De Dios (Coalition Against Trafficking in Women – Asia- Continuación de HURIDOCS, por Pacific, Filipinas) haber realizado la traducción espa- Jonathan Kuttab (Mandela Institute, Palestina) ñola de este documento. Aída María Noval (Red Nacional de Organismos Civiles de Derechos Humanos, México) AGRADECIMIENTOS 5 Agradecimientos muy especiales al Secretariado de HURIDOCS por la realización de varias tareas que hicieron posible la publicación de este documento. Este documento ha sido publicado gracias a la contribución de los siguientes donantes al programa general de HURIDOCS: • Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Dinamarca • Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Finlandia • Oficina del Primer Ministro de Francia • Centro de Derechos Humanos, Obra Diacónica de la Iglesia Evangélica de Alemania • Fundación Joyce Mertz-Gilmore • Agencia para el Desarrollo y la Cooperación de Noruega • Agencia Sueca de Desarrollo Internacional 6 Micro-tesauros • Una Herramienta para la Documentación de Violaciones a los Derechos Humanos Introducción HURIDOCS es una red trolados necesarios para completar los diferentes campos en los formatos de organizaciones y de estándares bibliográficos y en los formatos estándares de Eventos. personas dedicadas a Los formatos estándares de Eventos han sido revisados y publicados con la información sobre el título: Formatos estándares de Eventos de HURIDOCS4 junto con su los derechos humanos, aplicación informática WinEvsys. Si bien algunos de los Micro-tesauros que considera que que aparecen en este libro son una versión revisada de los Documentos es necesario poder de apoyo, otros son totalmente inéditos. Su propósito es proporcionar vocabularios controlados para los formatos estándares de Eventos y para contar con sistemas WinEvsys, así como para otros manuales o sistemas computarizados de de información documentación de violaciones a los derechos humanos. consistentes para proteger los derechos El contenido de varios de los Micro-tesauros ha cambiado debido a los humanos. avances que se han producido en las diferentes áreas. Por otra parte, los Micro-tesauros no pretenden ser exhaustivos. Mientras HURIDOCS pro- mueve el uso de estándares internacionales para el intercambio de infor- os Micro-tesauros son el mación, reconoce que algunos tesauros no responden a las necesidades resultado del esfuerzo que específicas de ciertas organizaciones. Por lo tanto, es posible que los usua- L realiza HURIDOCS con vistas rios intenten mejorarlos. No obstante, se ruega comunicar al Secretariado a brindar herramientas para la docu- de HURIDOCS cualquier modificación realizada a los Micro-tesauros. mentación de derechos humanos. Las organizaciones de derechos humanos que se centran en temas es- En 1993 HURIDOCS publicó
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