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The Languages of the Madang District, Papua New Guinea

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The Languages of the Madang District, Papua New Guinea PACIFIC LINGUISTICS Se�le� B - No. 41 THE LANGUAGES OF THE MADANG DISTRICT, PAPUA NEW GUINEA by John A. l'graggen Department of Linguistics Research School of Pacific Studies THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Z'Graggen, J.A. The languages of the Madang District, Papua New Guinea. B-41, vi + 160 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1975. DOI:10.15144/PL-B41.cover ©1975 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. PACIFIC LINGU ISTICS is published through the Lingui�tie Ci�ele 06 Canbe��a and consists of four series: SERIES A - OCCASIONA L PA PERS SERIES B - MONOGRAPHS SERIES C - BOOKS SERIES V - SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS . EDITOR: S.A. Wurm. ASSOCIATE EDITORS: D.C. Laycock, C.L. Voorhoeve, D.T. Tryon, T.E. Dutton. EDITORIAL ADVISERS: A. Capell, University of Sydney N.D. Liem, University of Hawaii S. Elbert, University of Hawaii H. McKaughan, University of Hawaii K. Franklin, Summer Institute of K. Pike, University of Michigan; Summer Linguistics, New Guinea Institute of Linguistics G. Grace, University of Hawaii E. Uhlenbeck, University of Leiden ALL CORRESPONDENCE concerning PACIFIC LINGUISTICS, including orders and subscriptions, should be addressed to: The Secretary , PACIFIC LINGUISTICS, Department of Linguistics, School of Pacific Studies , The Australian National University , Canberra , A.C.T. 2600, Australia . � Copyright John A. Z'graggen. First published 1975. Reprinted 1979. The editors are indebted to the Australian National University for help in the production of this series. This publication was made possible by an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund. Nationa l Library of Australia Card Number and ISBN ° 85883 134 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLE DGMENTS v INTRODUCTION 1 A. PRELIMINARY CLASSIFICATION 3 A. l. Tran s-New Guinea Phylum 6 A. l.l. Finisterre and East New Guinea Highlands Stock 6 A.l.l.l. Finisterre Stock 6 A. 1.1.2. East New Guinea Highlands Stock 10 A. 1.2. Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum 12 A. 1.2.1. Madang Super-Stock 13 A. 1.2.1.1. Ra i Coast Stock 14 A. 1.2 .1.2. Mabuso Stock 18 A. 1.2.2. Ade lbert Range Super-Stock 23 A. 1.2.2.1. Mugil Stock Isolate 24 A.1.2.2.2. Isumrud Stock 24 A.1.2.2.3. Pihom Stock 25 A. 1.2.2. 4. Josephstaal Stock 30 A. 1.2.2.s. Wanang Stock 30 A.l. 2.2.6. Brahman Languages 31 A.2. Sepik-Rarnu Phylum 32 A.2.1. Rarnu Super-Stock 32 A.2.1.1. Ruboni Stock 32 A. 2 .1.2. Goarn Stock 34 A. 2.1.3. Annaberg Stock 36 A. 2.1.4. Keram Stock 37 A. 2 .1.5. Ara fundi Stock 38 A. 2.1.6. Unclassified Languages 38 A.3. Torricelli Phylum 38 A. 4. Austronesian Languages 39 A. 4.1. Wewak Family 40 A. 4.2. Siasi Family 40 A. 4.3. Azera Family 43 A.s. The Languages and Their Number of Speakers 43 iii iv B. THE DISTRICT AND ITS LAN GUAGES 46 B.l. The Census Divisions and Their Languages 46 B.2. Alphabetical List of the Vi llages and Their Languages 68 C. LANGUAGE NAMES 94 C.l. Identification of Language Names 95 C.l.2. Abbreviations of Authors I Names 123 C.2. List of Language Name s 125 LANGUAGE MAP Following page 2 NOTES 141 BIBLIOGRAPHY 143 ACKNOWLEVGMENTS The present study is the result of linguistic research in the Madang District over a period of ten years from Au gu st 1964 to August 1974 . My sincere thanks go to many people who made this study possible . My first and foremost thanks go to Nora E. Umbricht who worked for this study from January 1971 - Decemb er 1972 . Without her persistent work in collecting and filing the data the linguistic survey of the Madang District could not be as complete and extensive . My thanks go to scholars for their interest and encouragement : Professor S.A. Wurm , of the Au stralian National University and Professors A. Buehler and M. Schuster, both of the University of Bas el . Thanks also to my superiors of the Society of the Divine Word ( S.V.D.) for granting permission to undert ake this research : Father J. Mu sinsky ( Superior General ) , Father G. Bus ( Regional Superior) and Father Dr . W. Saake ( Director of the Anthropos Institute) . Thanks are due also to his Grace , A.A. Noser, Archbishop of Madang , who expressed a cont inued interest in my work . My thanks are extended to the many missionaries of the Society of the Divine Word in the Madang area who willingly shared their ac commo­ dation and table with me ; also to many members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of New Guinea ( E.L.C.O.N.G. ) especially to Rev . Dr . T. Ahrens and his wife and Rev . C. Me isel and his wife , for providing accommodation and as sistance . I am grateful al so to memb ers of the administrat ion at Madang, Saidor and Bogia, who made files availab le and who were at hand when their help was needed. I must thank also Dr . K. Franklin ( Summer Institute of Linguistics, New Guinea Branch) , who commented on an earlier draft , to Dr . D.C. Laycock , Australian National University, for making available a trans­ lation of Loukotka 1953, and for commenting on the first draft of this paper , and Father M. Henry ( S.V.D.) for as sisting me in writing up this v vi present study . The Department of Human Geography , Australian Nat ional University , prepared the language map . An IBM cognate vocabulary count was also made possible through the kind as sistance of the staff at the Australian National Univers ity. The prolonged research period was made possible through a financial grant from the Swiss Nat ional Funds , Berne , Switzerland . Last but not least my sincere thanks to the many indigenous informants who so patiently worked with me and gave their time . Hub erta Bulel of Sek Island typed most of the lists. My sincere thanks to all of you. John A. Z'graggen Anthropos Institute , Alexishafen , August 1974 . Z'Graggen, J.A. The languages of the Madang District, Papua New Guinea. B-41, vi + 160 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1975. DOI:10.15144/PL-B41.cover ©1975 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. INTRODUCTION The Madang Dist rict comprises the coastal area of northern Papua New Guinea from the mouth of the Ramu River to a point ab out twenty mi les east of Saidor, and ext ends south-west to the Bismarck and Schrader Ranges . It also inc ludes the large off-shore islands Manam, Karkar and Long Island. The total Madang District occupies 19 ,489 square mi les and is inhabited by an estimated indigenous populat ion of 171,111 and 2,500 expatriates . The Gogol River east of Madang Town divides the two maj or ranges , the Finist erre Range extending eastwards into the Morobe District, and the Adelbert Range (with Mount Pihom (4,200 ft .) it s highest peak) stretching westwards between the coast and the Ramu River. The district is politically divided into four sUb-districts: Saidor in the east, Madang in the nort hern central part , Ramu in the southern central part and Bogia in the west . The district is also divided into six electorates for electing members of the House of Assembly. The sub-districts are further subdivided int o thirt een Local Government areas , and fifty Census Divisions and 1,077 villages . This book int ends to give a survey of the languages of the Madang District and is designed as follows : 1. For the lingui st: Part A, a preliminary class ification of the languages and their relat ionship to other phylic language group s in New Guinea. 2. For the administrator, educat or, church worker, etc. : Part B, a linguistic orientat ion of the district and the part icular areas of their work . 3. For the historian in linguistic research : Part C, the numerous language names given by various authors . The main contributions of the various authors are also brie fly ment ioned . In more recent time s the Madang District has been included in larger linguistic surveys by Capell (1962, 1969) , Loukotka (1953, 1957, 1958) , Salzner (1960), Greenberg (1971) , Voegelins (1964, 196 5) , and Wurm (1971) . 1 Z'Graggen, J.A. The languages of the Madang District, Papua New Guinea. B-41, vi + 160 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1975. DOI:10.15144/PL-B41.1 ©1975 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. 2 Many gaps remained in those surveys . The grouping and sub-grouping varies to some ext ent from author to author. This present publication is the first survey of the Madang District as such. It is the pre­ liminary result of research work over a period of ten years from August 1964 to July 1974 . No linguistic material will be presented to justify the classification so as not to overload this book . It is meant to be an overall orientation and a handy re ference book . For some linguistic evidence and illustrat ive mat erial the reader is re ferred to Z'graggen (19 71a, 1975), and other volume s containing comparative wordlists and some structural elements are forthcoming.
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