04/12/19 Grapevine Trunk Diseases: wood damage caused by fungi causing disfunctions to vine physiology Laura Mugnai 1999 Italy
[email protected] 2001 Portugal 2003 New Zealand Il complesso del mal dell’esca: nuovi 2004 South Africa 2006 California GRAPEVINE TRUNK DISEASES: Insights into vineyard cultural 2008 Italy sviluppi nelle strategie di difesa 2010 Chile practices, alternative wound protection strategies, and radical 2012 Spain interventions to combat Esca and Grapevine Trunk Diseases 2014 Adelaide 2017 Reims 2019 Canada 2022 Repubblica Ceca ISPP Subject matter committee on GTDs: International Council on Grapevine Trunk 26 different Diseases (ICGTD countries!!! At the end of the ‘80ies …leaf symptoms, wilting, branch and But..wood diseases have vines death… always been there! ì …they became a large problem in the last 30 yrs Mechanical grafting: an initially unavoidable consequence of the phylloxera invasion: “grapevines will ì How they start and how we grow grapevine changed start declining…” ì Many botanists and agronomists immediatly reported that grafting and pruning management were going to give declines Slow or rapid vine decline Sudden vine shut down, canes wilting Loss of production Loss of production quality Eventual death of the plant 1 04/12/19 Eppure ci sono stati degli “avvertimenti”. All’inizio del secolo si GRAPEVINE TRUNK DISEASES …a new problem? Wood diseases have always been there! sono individuati i rischi End 1800 Phylloxera We must now accept this and - A large quantity of propagation material Lucien Daniel: Introduction of grafting on rootstock manage the diseases in the best produced way 1970’s Large new planting boom in Europe … ì « L’innesto ha - Lack of knowledge of its role in fungal Beginning of large scale nursery production momentaneamente salvato i Change in cultural techniques=industrialised viticulture …WITH CONSCIOUSNESS! wood diseases nostri vitigni, pur rischiando di compromettere il futuro.