DOCSLIB.ORG

2019 Mugnai Saragoza SPAIN Short Per Pdf.Pptx

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2019 Mugnai Saragoza SPAIN Short Per Pdf.Pptx 04/12/19 Grapevine Trunk Diseases: wood damage caused by fungi causing disfunctions to vine physiology Laura Mugnai 1999 Italy [email protected] 2001 Portugal 2003 New Zealand Il complesso del mal dell’esca: nuovi 2004 South Africa 2006 California GRAPEVINE TRUNK DISEASES: Insights into vineyard cultural 2008 Italy sviluppi nelle strategie di difesa 2010 Chile practices, alternative wound protection strategies, and radical 2012 Spain interventions to combat Esca and Grapevine Trunk Diseases 2014 Adelaide 2017 Reims 2019 Canada 2022 Repubblica Ceca ISPP Subject matter committee on GTDs: International Council on Grapevine Trunk 26 different Diseases (ICGTD countries!!! At the end of the ‘80ies …leaf symptoms, wilting, branch and But..wood diseases have vines death… always been there! ì …they became a large problem in the last 30 yrs Mechanical grafting: an initially unavoidable consequence of the phylloxera invasion: “grapevines will ì How they start and how we grow grapevine changed start declining…” ì Many botanists and agronomists immediatly reported that grafting and pruning management were going to give declines Slow or rapid vine decline Sudden vine shut down, canes wilting Loss of production Loss of production quality Eventual death of the plant 1 04/12/19 Eppure ci sono stati degli “avvertimenti”. All’inizio del secolo si GRAPEVINE TRUNK DISEASES …a new problem? Wood diseases have always been there! sono individuati i rischi End 1800 Phylloxera We must now accept this and - A large quantity of propagation material Lucien Daniel: Introduction of grafting on rootstock manage the diseases in the best produced way 1970’s Large new planting boom in Europe … ì « L’innesto ha - Lack of knowledge of its role in fungal Beginning of large scale nursery production momentaneamente salvato i Change in cultural techniques=industrialised viticulture …WITH CONSCIOUSNESS! wood diseases nostri vitigni, pur rischiando di compromettere il futuro. 1980-90’s – Sudden and significant increase of Esca complex - LARGE MOVEMENT of propagation in Europe and world wide of young grapevine decline and material = spread of pathogens failure = Higher fungal inoculum ì Alla lunga, molto probabilmente Re-planting and new planting boom = Lower defence capability causerà l’estinzione dei vecchi Nurseries under pressure (A, B & C grade material) =More infection courts (nursery - Susceptible varieties large spread FROST in 1985 = stress factor - Changes in cultural techniques vitigni. » and field) - Changes in trellising and pruning Early 2000’s - Major GTD outbreaks worldwide + management Made worse by the prohibition and/or phase-out of effective Climate change? chemical controls for some wood disease agents Phase-out of benomyl (Benlate) Re-evaluation of Benzimidazole fungicides (carbendazim & thyophanate-methyl) from Sue et Grapevine ….is a vine, a creeping plant! al., 2009 WOUNDS! ….pruning….shoot suckering….propagation process…. WE START Grapevine is a VINE WOUNDING IN THE - No wound repair (no cambium NURSERY!!!!! reactivation, no reactivation of the meristematic activity of the parenchyma) - Dessication cones at wound level - In winter only formation of gels - Tyloses only when growth is reactivated Sue et al., 2009 2 04/12/19 Grapevine ...is a vine! The problem is always present Grapevine has the largest vessels in The infections can remain latent – like herpes simplex infections! – order to bring sap to the leaves. UNTIL… Large mass of leaves with very little ì - the starting conditions are not the best (latent infections, bad quality wood compared to a tree propagation material, bad rooting, bad grafting, wounds on the rootstock, poor Very prone to cavitation = wounds remain open for months plantating practices…) ì - virulent pathogens are present in the area The size and distribution of the vessels = pruning and desuckering we do something is very important for the efficiency of ì - the pathogens reach the most active part of the vine (cambium and phloem) very much far away from what the vine the sap flow ì - our vineyard management produces too many / too large wounds would do ì - we manage vines in ways that they can not defend themselves well =WE MUST SUPPORT THE VINE BY ì - the climate favours the pathogens PROTECTING IT IN A SPECIAL WAY ì …….??? GRAPEVINE TRUNK DISEASES WOOD CANKERS and VASCULAR DISEASES Young vineyards (up to 3-6 year-old) VASCULAR CANKERS: sectorial necrosis DISEASES: black - Petri disease (Esca complex) YOUNG VINE DECLINE Eutypa, streaking - Black foot Botryosphaeriaceae Phaeomoniella Mature vineyards (> 6 year-old) Diaporthe Phaeoacremonium Cadophora - Eutypa dieback Phaeoacremonium - Botryosphaeria dieback Central necrosis: - White decay or Esca (Esca complex) Phaeoacremonium Cadophora - Grapevine Leaf Stripe disease (Esca complex) - Diaporthe/Phomopsis dieback 3 04/12/19 WOOD DECAY: soft spongy mass, lignin degradation The inoculum sources of the fungal agents on grapevine and many other hosts… Fomitiporia sp., Fomitiporella sp. Apoplexy? Inonotus sp. Stereum sp., Secondary metabolites Inocutis sp.... during degradation process? Defence induced substances? Si degrada la lignina, massa spugnosa, soffice…diventa ESCA per il fuoco Ha dato il nome di ESCA alla presenza di carie nel legno (anche agrumi, kiwi, olivo etc) GRAPEVINE TRUNK DISEASES: Many fungi enter the wood but Decline, dieback, death of spurs or cordons: some are pathogenic!!! Cankers and dieback by BOTRYOSPHAERIACEAE Many fruit trees show increasing presence of damages by fungal wood pathogens: Almond, blueberry, olive, pistacio, avocado, apple, plum, etc…not to mention forest trees. DECLINE! • Death of spurs • Degrading enzymes DAMAGES: • Death of cordons Botryosphaeria CANKER • • Phytotoxins Decline Decline with no specific symptoms dieback Leaf necrosis and alteration WHITE • Degrading enzymes DECAY Death of vines or branches • Degrading enzymes Reduction in fruit production VASCULAR • Phytotoxins Reduction in production quality All able to live in ASYMPTOMATIC INFECTIONS in the wood Only the MOST EXTERNAL RINGS ARE ACTIVE in grapevine 4 04/12/19 Botryo dieback Botryo dieback Eutipiosi Botryo dieback Eutipiosi Complesso esca Eutipiosi Complesso esca Some show typical leaf symptoms: Eutypa and Botryosphaeria dieback in the world Cankers and dieback by EUTYPA and DIATRYPACEAE Eutypa dieback Eutypa dieback “witches broom” shoots Some show typical leaf symptoms: Grapevine Leaf Stripe Great care in epidemiological evaluations!! Disease (GLSD-ESCA complex) QUALITY AND QUANTITY Fluctuation of symptoms: LOSSES The number of infected plants is ESCA, - Yield reduction of 30 to 50% Role of vascular pathogens? different from the annual incidence GLSD - Decrease of wine quality Role of phytotoxins? -lower phenolic level Role of vascular -lower anthocians malfunctioning? -lower sugar content The metabolome of a vine changes one month before - Lower quality as for uneven showing foliar symptoms age in the vineyard -Death of vines Necessary at least 3 yrs surveys -Short lived vineyards 5 04/12/19 GRAPEVINE LEAF STRIPE DISEASE: limited wood colonization Climatic/environmental factors influence the diseases inciting FOLIAR symptoms. Role of stress factors? Role of CLIMATE CHANGE? Eutypa = + symptoms if more rain ESCA-Grapevine Leaf stripe Disease = rain/ in the previous winter fluctuation of symptoms + warmer in spring = less symptoms ESCA COMPLEX: sudden apoplexy of the whole vine ESCA COMPLEX: wilting (linked to summer water stress) 6 04/12/19 ESCA COMPLEX: embolism, vascular disfunction ….and the vascular pathogens and canker agents can contribute to decline in young vineyards: PETRI DISEASE Lecomte et al., 2012 Botryo dieback Botryo dieback Eutipiosi Botryo dieback Eutipiosi Complesso esca Eutipiosi Complesso esca YOUNG VINE DECLINE BLACK FOOT (+bad drainage!) Grapevine Leaf Stripe Disease and Petri disease PETRI DISEASE in the world Uneven growth, decline, dieback Black streaking symptoms, black gums vascular occlusion P P P P P P =Petri disease P P P P P P =Grapevine Leaf Stripe disease P P P P P 7 04/12/19 So….the pathogens have a very relevant role but the conditions Alone or together??? that allow their action are just as important MANY of these pathogens can be present in the same vineyard, ì Infections are unavoidable even in the same wound ….BUT THEY NEED TO BE MINIMIZED!!! ì MULTIPLE and ASYMPTOMATIC INFECTIONS are very common. Depending on which prevails or how they interact we can have the different symptoms: ì Slow decline ì The vineyard cultural practices are not likely to change much ì Necrosis of tissues ….BUT WE CAN IMPROVE THEM, KEEPING IN MIND THAT ì Leaf symptoms WOOD DISEASES ARE ALWAYS READY TO ATTACK So….the pathogens have a very relevant role but the conditions that allow their action are just as important Control???? PREVENTION IS THE KEY WORD! …TO CREATE FAVORABLE CONDITIONS FOR THE VINE AND It is a biological reality UNFAVORABLE FOR THE PATHOGENS IS POSSIBLE!! Approccio inevitabile ….BUT THEY NEEDwe TO haven’t BE MINIMIZED!!! yet Direct action to reduce infection: per le malattie da agenti di cancro e di carie embraced! - 1. inoculum reduction (in the nursery and in the vineyard) - 2. wound protection (in the nursery, in mother plants fields, in the vineyard) The approach to the - 3. wound susceptibility - to choose when to prune (risk assesment models?) vineyard management …and indirect action on the host: needs to change - 3. to create conditions that hinder growth in the wood by the pathogens - 4. to create conditions that help
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Determining the Classification of Vine Varieties Has Become Difficult to Understand Because of the Large Whereas Article 31
    31 . 12 . 81 Official Journal of the European Communities No L 381 / 1 I (Acts whose publication is obligatory) COMMISSION REGULATION ( EEC) No 3800/81 of 16 December 1981 determining the classification of vine varieties THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, Whereas Commission Regulation ( EEC) No 2005/ 70 ( 4), as last amended by Regulation ( EEC) No 591 /80 ( 5), sets out the classification of vine varieties ; Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, Whereas the classification of vine varieties should be substantially altered for a large number of administrative units, on the basis of experience and of studies concerning suitability for cultivation; . Having regard to Council Regulation ( EEC) No 337/79 of 5 February 1979 on the common organization of the Whereas the provisions of Regulation ( EEC) market in wine C1), as last amended by Regulation No 2005/70 have been amended several times since its ( EEC) No 3577/81 ( 2), and in particular Article 31 ( 4) thereof, adoption ; whereas the wording of the said Regulation has become difficult to understand because of the large number of amendments ; whereas account must be taken of the consolidation of Regulations ( EEC) No Whereas Article 31 of Regulation ( EEC) No 337/79 816/70 ( 6) and ( EEC) No 1388/70 ( 7) in Regulations provides for the classification of vine varieties approved ( EEC) No 337/79 and ( EEC) No 347/79 ; whereas, in for cultivation in the Community ; whereas those vine view of this situation, Regulation ( EEC) No 2005/70 varieties
    [Show full text]
  • European Commission
    29.9.2020 EN Offi cial Jour nal of the European Union C 321/47 OTHER ACTS EUROPEAN COMMISSION Publication of a communication of approval of a standard amendment to the product specification for a name in the wine sector referred to in Article 17(2) and (3) of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/33 (2020/C 321/09) This notice is published in accordance with Article 17(5) of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/33 (1). COMMUNICATION OF A STANDARD AMENDMENT TO THE SINGLE DOCUMENT ‘VAUCLUSE’ PGI-FR-A1209-AM01 Submitted on: 2.7.2020 DESCRIPTION OF AND REASONS FOR THE APPROVED AMENDMENT 1. Description of the wine(s) Additional information on the colour of wines has been inserted in point 3.3 ‘Evaluation of the products' organoleptic characteristics’ in order to add detail to the description of the various products. The details in question have also been added to the Single Document under the heading ‘Description of the wine(s)’. 2. Geographical area Point 4.1 of Chapter I of the specification has been updated with a formal amendment to the description of the geographical area. It now specifies the year of the Geographic Code (the national reference stating municipalities per department) in listing the municipalities included in each additional geographical designation. The relevant Geographic Code is the one published in 2019. The names of some municipalities have been corrected but there has been no change to the composition of the geographical area. This amendment does not affect the Single Document. 3. Vine varieties In Chapter I(5) of the specification, the following 16 varieties have been added to those listed for the production of wines eligible for the ‘Vaucluse’ PGI: ‘Artaban N, Assyrtiko B, Cabernet Blanc B, Cabernet Cortis N, Floreal B, Monarch N, Muscaris B, Nebbiolo N, Pinotage N, Prior N, Soreli B, Souvignier Gris G, Verdejo B, Vidoc N, Voltis B and Xinomavro N.’ (1) OJ L 9, 11.1.2019, p.
    [Show full text]
  • 377 Final 2003/0140
    COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Brussels, 24.6.2003 COM (2003) 377 final 2003/0140 (ACC) Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION on the conclusion of an agreement between the European Community and Canada on trade in wines and spirit drinks (presented by the Commission) EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM 1. This agreement between Canada and the European Community is the result of bilateral negotiations which took place from 7 November 2001 to 24 April 2003 on the basis of a negotiating mandate adopted by the Council on 1 August 2001 (Doc. 11170/01). The agreement comprises arrangements for the reciprocal trade in wines and spirit drinks with a view to creating favourable conditions for its harmonious development. 2. The agreement specifies oenological practices which may be used by producers of wine exported to the other Party, as well as a procedure for accepting new oenological practices. The Community's simplified system of certification will be applied to imported wines originating in Canada. Canada will not introduce import certification for Community wines and will simplify the extent of such testing requirements as are currently applied by provinces, within a year of entry into force. Production standards are agreed for wine made from grapes frozen on the vine. Concerning production standards for spirit drinks, the agreement provides that Canada will adhere to Community standards for its exports of whisky to the Community. 3. Procedures whereby geographical indications relating to wines and spirit drinks of either Party may be protected in the territory of the other Party are agreed. The current "generic" status in Canada of 21 wine names will be ended by the following dates: 31 December 2013 for Chablis, Champagne, Port and Porto, and Sherry; 31 December 2008 for Bourgogne and Burgundy, Rhin and Rhine, and Sauterne and Sauternes; the date of entry into force of the agreement for Bordeaux, Chianti, Claret, Madeira, Malaga, Marsala, Medoc and Médoc, and Mosel and Moselle.
    [Show full text]
  • August 2020 Newsletter
    AUGUST 2020 Event Report ROSÉ THE DAY AWAY AT PITCH DUNDEE ALSO INSIDE • Rosé Styled Wine: There’s More to it than You Think at First Blush • IWFS Great Weekend in Charleston South Carolina Part 4 Friday 10/18/2019 dinner A publication of the Council Bluffs Branch of the International Wine and Food Society President's Comments Greetings to all; ur July event featuring an Australian food and wine theme was held at Wine, Beer and Spirits. The evening provided an opportunity to sample some unique foods such as emu and kangaroo as well as wonderful wines. ThankO you to Patti and Steve Hipple for a great evening. As summer continues, I find that I am looking for a refreshing summer drink to enjoy on these hot, muggy evenings. A little over a year ago, some of us had the opportunity to be in Portugal on the Douro River cruise. One of the starters each evening was a “White Port” Spritzer. Most are familiar with the red ports but white ports do exist and are reasonably priced. In the Douro, white port is made from Codega, Gouveio, Malvasia Fina, Rabigato and Viosinho grapes. Considered to be the Portuguese equivalent of a gin and tonic, a White Port Spritzer is made with tonic water, orange peel and a sprig of mint added to your favorite white port served over ice. This provides a refreshing and light style summer drink with flavors of apricot, nuts, citrus fruit and peel. “White Port” Spritzer Recipe Mix 2 ounces of white port with 3 ounces of tonic water and add an orange peel.
    [Show full text]
  • Continental Atmospheric Circulation Over Europe During the Little Ice Age Inferred from Harvest Dates
    Continental atmospheric circulation over Europe during the Little Ice Age inferred from harvest dates Supplementary Information P. Yiou (1), I. García de Cortázar-Atauri (2,*), I. Chuine (2), V. Daux (1), E. Garnier (1,3), N. Viovy (1), C. van Leeuwen (4), A. K. Parker (4,**), J.-M. Boursiquot (5,6) 1. Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, UMR CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, CE Saclay l’Orme des Merisiers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France 2. Equipe BIOFLUX, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 05, France 3. Centre de Recherche en Histoire Quantitative, UMR Université de Caen – CNRS, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen cedex 5 4. ENITA, Université de Bordeaux, UMR EGFV, ISVV, 1 Cours du Général de Gaulle, CS 40201, 33175, Gradignan-cedex, France. 5. Montpellier SupAgro – INRA, UMR DIAPC 1097, Equipe Génétique Vigne, 2 place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France. 6. INRA Unité Expérimentale du Domaine de Vassal, route de Sète, F-34340 Marseillan Plage, France (*) present address: European Commission JRC-IPSC-MARS-Agri4cast action, via E. Fermi 2749 - TP483, I-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy. (**) present address: Lincoln University, P.O. Box 84, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand Supplementary Tables Table 1. Main characteristics of the 9 composites series of grapevine harvest dates used in this study. $ mean temperature over March 15th to August 31st. * Important varieties identified in the region which are not used in our study because of insufficient data to calibrate the model. **Mean GHD is in day
    [Show full text]
  • Best Practice Management Guide: Eutypa Dieback Spores
    Wine Australia for Australian Wine Best practice management guide Version 1.1 • Feb 2018 Eutypa dieback Introduction 5 key facts Eutypa dieback, caused by the fungus Eutypa lata, is a major trunk disease of grapevines. The productivity • Caused by a fungus that is spread by airborne spores of infected grapevines gradually declines and vines • Spores are released from infected dead wood eventually die. Eutypa dieback costs the Australian during rainfall wine industry millions of dollars in lost production and • Spores infect exposed pruning wounds and the additional vineyard costs per annum. Vineyard owners fungus progressively kills spurs, cordons and trunks can manage the disease by physically removing • Wounds are most susceptible to infection in the first infected wood and encouraging shoots from lower, 2 weeks after pruning uninfected parts of the vine. Wound treatments should • Disease control can be achieved with preventative be applied post-pruning to reduce likelihood of new wound treatments and curative remedial surgery infections. Spores Rain Wind Spores Fresh pruning wound Old, diseased vine Young, healthy vine Symptomatic vine Figure 1. Eutypa dieback disease cycle. 2 Wine Australia Best practice management guide: Eutypa dieback Spores Spores Large wounds Cane-pruned vine closer to trunk. Spores Small wounds further from trunk. Spores Spur-pruned vine Figure 2. Spur- and cane-pruned vines, showing wound size and proximity to trunk, which impact the progression of eutypa dieback. Disease cycle The E. lata fungus grows, on average, at 2 cm/year Eutypa dieback is spread when fungal spores land on an through the vascular tissue of the cordons towards the open wound (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Tavel the Popes' Rosé, an Article from Jacqueline Friedrich
    feature / genius loci / Tavel: The Popes’ Rosé TAVEL: THE POPes’ ROSÉ Since the 14th century, Tavel has been an island of pink in a sea of red. But the Southern Rhône village’s style has always been about more than mere refreshment, and as Jacqueline Friedrich explains, today’s top producers are making serious, complex, food-friendly wines es, the placement of that apostrophe is intentional. Tavel, population 1,700, is a small village located 15km (10 miles) northwest of Avignon on the right bank of the Rhône in the Gard department. Tavel AOP was the first and is still one of the onlyY appellations in France devoted entirely to rosé wines. Although wine has been made here ever since Roman times (and perhaps earlier) and is said to have been the favorite quaff of Philippe le Bel, as well as François 1, local lore credits the presence of the popes in Avignon, as well as in nearby Châteauneuf-du-Pape, with the style of the appellation’s wine. The story—whether apocryphal or not—is an amiable one. Its source is Guillaume Dumoulin and originates with his great-grandfather Eugène, the founder of one of the Tavel’s most venerable domaines, the Château de Trinquevedel. In the 14th century, according to Dumoulin, Pope Innocent VI (1352–62), a great lover of wine in general and of Châteauneuf- du-Pape (both red and white) in particular, asked Tavel to make wines that were lighter in color and in alcohol than those reds from across the river. And so, the good folk of Tavel complied.
    [Show full text]
  • Seed Morphology Uncovers 1500 Years of Vine Agrobiodiversity
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Seed morphology uncovers 1500 years of vine agrobiodiversity before the advent of the Champagne wine Vincent Bonhomme1,7*, Jean‑Frédéric Terral1,7, Véronique Zech‑Matterne2, Sarah Ivorra1, Thierry Lacombe3, Gilles Deborde4, Philippe Kuchler5, Bertrand Limier1, Thierry Pastor1, Philippe Rollet6 & Laurent Bouby1 A crucial aspect of viticulture is fnally unveiled as the historical dynamics of its agrobiodiversity are described in the Champagne region for the frst time. Outline analyses were carried out to compare the morphology of archaeological grape seeds from Troyes and Reims (frst c. AD to ffteenth c. AD) with that of a reference collection of modern seeds, including wild vines and traditional grape varieties, believed to be ancient and characteristic of the French vine heritage. This allows us to document the chronological dynamics of the use of the wild Vitis type and of the diversity of the varieties used, based on morphological disparity. After showing the existence of morphological types corresponding to geographical groups, we highlight a geochronological dynamic. Our results show that the wild type is used throughout the series, up to the Middle Ages. In addition, domestic forms, morphologically related to southern varietal groups, are very early involved in the Champagne grape agrodiversity. The groups corresponding to the typical grape varieties of today do not appear until the second millennium. These previously unsuspected dynamics are discussed in light of the social, societal and climatic changes documented for the period. According to archaeological and archaeobiological data, six centuries separate the development of viticulture in Mediterranean France from the advent of Champagne vineyards, which are now famous worldwide.
    [Show full text]
  • Official Journal of the European Communities Wines Derived from Vine Varieties Appearing in the Recommended Or Authorised Vine V
    Official Journal of the European Communities 623 10.10.70 Official Journal of the European Communities No L 224/ 1 REGULATION ( EEC) No 2005/70 OF THE COMMISSION of 6 October 1970 on the classification of vine varieties THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COM­ wines derived from vine varieties appearing in the MUNITIES , classification of vine varieties may be considered as table wines ; Having regard to the Treaty setting up the European Economic Community; Whereas strict application of Regulation ( EEC ) No 1388/70 would, in certain cases , lead to considerable Having regard to Council Regulation ( EEC ) No difficulties, since the classification is intended to serve 816/701 of 28 April 1970 laying down additional as guidance for vine-planting ; whereas, therefore, provisions for the common organisation of the exceptions in respect of table grape varieties used by market in wine, as amended by Regulation ( EEC ) No the canning industry which are not subject to the 1253/70,2 and in particular the second subparagraph common quality standards applicable to table grapes of Article 16 ( 1 ) and Article 37 thereof ; should be allowed for a transitional period ; Whereas Article 16 ( 1 ) of Regulation ( EEC ) No Whereas the measures provided in this Regulation are 816/70 provides for a classification of vine varieties in accordance with the Opinion of the Management approved for cultivation in the Community ; whereas Committee for Wines ; those vine varieties should be classified, by administrative units or parts thereof, into HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION : recommended vine varieties, authorised vine varieties and provisionally authorised vine varieties ; Article 1 Whereas this classification of vine varieties should be adopted in the light of the provisions and criteria of The classification of vine varieties shall be as shown Council Regulation (EEC) No 1388/703 of 13 July, in the Annex to this Regulation .
    [Show full text]
  • Nursery Block Handout
    THE CONCONGELLA NURSERY BLOCK Below is a list of grape varieties planted in the 1860’s by Henry Best and his family in the Nursery Block. The vines, sourced from early growers Trouette and Blampied at St Peters Vineyard Great Western, and possibly from the Geelong region, were planted at random throughout the block. Within the collection, believed to be the most extensive pre-phylloxera plantings in Australia and possibly the world, there remain some still unidentified varieties. Excerpts from “Our Vineyards” The Ararat Advertiser, June 7th 1870 “Mr Best is of the opinion and his determination is to produce nothing but wines of the very best description: with this view he has spared no expense in procuring wines of the choicest description. In his grounds may be found almost every known variety, and if by chance he should hear of some particular one which is not already among his collection, he leaves no stone unturned until he has procured it.” By 1870 he had some 48,000 vines. He made separate wine from each variety. By the 1890’s Hermitage (Shiraz), Millers Burgundy (Meunier) and Malbeck (Dolcetto) were considered among the best varieties for this area. Today the vines are hand-picked, first the white varieties, then the red varieties. Wine is not produced every year as it depends entirely on the season. The wines, abundant in fruit character, stand alone as a definitive style expressing the Nursery Block’s individual components. RED VARIETIES WHITE VARIETIES Tinta Amarella Fermint Aubun Palamino Grec Rose Fer Cangnan Chasselas Dolcetto Muscadelle Shiraz Dourado Cabernet Sauvignon Ondenc Cinsaut Troyen Morocan Noir Gueche Mataro Gouais Gamay Calitor Blanc Pinot Noir Chenin Blanc Sauvigonasse Gordo Olvette Noir Piquepouln Meunier Bourbouelenc Sauvignon Blanc Frankenthal Best’s Wines Pty Ltd, 111 Best’s Road Great Western, Victoria, Australia 3374 Phone: (03) 5356 2250 Fax: (03) 5356 2430 Email: [email protected] Website: www.bestswines.com.au .
    [Show full text]
  • Domaine Cezanne Rosé 2017
    DOMAINE CEZANNE ROSÉ 2017 HISTORY WINEMAKING Saint-Tropez is a legendary location on the The wine is made with a studied blend of Mediterranean French Riviera, synonymous grapes from different plots. The fruit is picked with luxury and celebrity. Founded in 1908, only when it reaches just the right degree Vignobles de Saint-Tropez is located in the of ripeness in late August. The grapes are heart of the village and is owned and man- cooled down to a temperature of 5-8°C as aged by winegrowers who are mostly de- soon as they arrive at the cellar. Once the grapes are gently pressed, the must is pro- scendants of the founder families and who tected by low temperatures and a blanket of still bring their grapes to the winery. The nitrogen gas. After the must has been racked, team is led by David Bonnet, President and temperature-controlled alcoholic fermenta- 3rd generation grower of an 18ha estate and tion takes place for 3-4 weeks on the lees Alain Guichet, wine maker with over 25 vin- with regular stirring. tages experience across France. VINTAGE REGION The harvest began on Monday 21st of Au- AOP Côtes de Provence, France gust with the very local and old grape called Tibouren. Refering to the strong maritime in- VARIETAL fluence in St-Tropez with the sea breeze and Grenache 48%, Syrah 17%, Cinsault 11%, cooler nights, it is one week later when com- Carignan 11%, Calitor 9%, Mourvèdre 4% pared to most other Provence areas. With the lower yield, 4.5 t/ha, the grapes were very VINEYARDS ripe and healthy and the must were very con- Family Estate since six generations leaving in centrated.
    [Show full text]
  • Classification of Varieties for Their Timing of Flowering and Veraison
    Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 180 (2013) 249–264 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Agricultural and Forest Meteorology jou rnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/agrformet Classification of varieties for their timing of flowering and veraison using a modelling approach: A case study for the grapevine species Vitis vinifera L. a,b,c,d,∗ e f g Amber Parker , Inaki Garcia de Cortázar-Atauri , Isabelle Chuine , Gérard Barbeau , h i,j k l Benjamin Bois , Jean-Michel Boursiquot , Jean-Yves Cahurel , Marion Claverie , m n o d Thierry Dufourcq , Laurence Gény , Guy Guimberteau , Rainer W. Hofmann , p j,q r s Olivier Jacquet , Thierry Lacombe , Christine Monamy , Hernan Ojeda , t u v Laurent Panigai , Jean-Christophe Payan , Begona˜ Rodriquez Lovelle , w x y z Emmanuel Rouchaud , Christophe Schneider , Jean-Laurent Spring , Paolo Storchi , aa bb a,d b,c,1 Diego Tomasi , William Trambouze , Michael Trought , Cornelis van Leeuwen a Marlborough Wine Research Centre, 85 Budge St, PO Box 845, Blenheim 7240, New Zealand b Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, Ecophysiology and Functional Genomics of Grapevines, UMR 1287, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France c Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISVV, Ecophysiology and Functional Genomics of Grapevines, UMR 1287, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France d Lincoln University, PO Box 84, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand e INRA, US1116 AGROCLIM, F-84014 Avignon, France f Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Equipe Bioflux, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France g
    [Show full text]