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Media Informatika KERATON DEMAK BINTORO MEMBANGUN TRADISI ISLAM MARITIM DI NUSANTARA Heru Arif Pianto, S.Pd., M.Hum. Pendidikan Sejarah STKIP PGRI Pacitan Jln. Cut Nya, Dien 4A Ploso Pacitan e-mail: [email protected]. ABSTRACT Kingdom of Demak is the oldest Islamic kingdom in Java. In addition Bintoro Demak Sultanate is also an area where the pedagn anchored link from various directions. Traders anchored while utilizing Demak as a transit point and peddle copies merchandise. In addition Demak is also supported by geography high potential to develop maritime culture. Even when the days of the kingdom of Demak Duke Unus very advanced, even with the Duke Unus effort that attack invaders to cross the sea, even referred to as Prince maritime. It is sufficient evidence that marine science is already well developed. This research is historical. While the methods used in this research is the method of historical research, consisting of four steps, ie, heuristic, criticism, interpretation and historiography. The results showed that as the maritime kingdom of Demak perform its function as a link and transit between producing spices in eastern Indonesia and the Malacca as a market in western Indonesia. That's why an initiative arising from Demak ruler of Malacca to manggantikan position as a trading center, both nationally and internationally. To realize all this, we intend to occupy Malacca Demak Bintoro advance to expel the Portuguese who has been in power since 1511 AD. The effort was made when in 1511 AD, Demak under the leadership of Duke Unus voyage to Malacca hold together his forces to carry out a massive attack against the Portuguese, although no results. Keywords : Islamic tradition, Maritime, Nusantara PENDAHULUAN realisasinya belum di manfaatkan secara optimal oleh bangsa kita sendiri. Apabila Negara Indonesia merupakan negara kita menengok ke belakang pada zaman kepulauan yang memiliki lautan samudera Belanda serta zaman Majapahit lautan luas. Apabila di tinjau dari letak secara sudah dimanfaaatkan dalam rangka sebagai geografis nusantara merupakan benua sarana untuk meningkatkan taraf kehidupan arkipelogis yang diperhitungkan betapa masyarakat baik dalam bidang ekonomi, tidak, laut yang menjadi wilayah Republik sosial maupun budaya. Indonesia terbentang sepanjang 81.000 km Pelabuhan merupakan alat atau 2 dan luasnya 3,9 juta per km , yang di sarana penghubung dari pulau satu ke pulau dalamnya berjajar pulau-pulau yang yang lain sehingga banyak pelabuhan yang jumlahnya mencapai kurang lebih 17.508 menurut sejarahnya dahulu merupakan buah yang terdiri dari pulau besar maupun pelabuhan besar kini terbengkelahi dan 1 pulau kecil . terkesan tidak di hormati nilai-nilai Setelah proklamasi kemerdekaan sejarahnya. Pelabuhan itu misalnya Republik Indonesia laut nusantara kita pada Demak, Tuban, Palembang, Ternate, Tidore 18 SOSIOHUMANIORA - Vol.3, No.1, April 2017 - Jurnal LP3M - Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa Yogyakarta dan lain-lain (HM. Nasrudin Anshori, 2008: Beberapa konsep yang menjadi 1-2) landasan penulisan makalah ini adalah Artikel ini merupakan hasil semua yang terkait dengan permasalahan penelitian studi perpustakaan yang kemaritiman di Kasultanan Demak Bintoro, diharapkan dapat mengungkapkan serta mulai dari letak geografis, Demak sebagai merangkaikan menjadi sebuah cerita tempat berkumpulnya para pedagang sejarah tentang Kesultanan Demak Bintoro termasuk dalam segi sistem pemerintahan yang berusaha dengan gigih membangun serta penguasaan terhadap ilmu kelautan Tradisi Maritim yang berbasis Islam . Yang yang andal. menjadi persoalan pokok yang di bahas Sedangkan untuk menjadi dalam makalah ini adalah peranan agrobahari sejati maju dan kuat tentunya Kesultanan Demak dalam membangun harus di dasari oleh ketrampilan/potensi tradisi Islam maritim dalam rangka dalam penguasaan serta pemanfaatan laut mempengaruhi kehidupan Kesultanan dan kekayaanya secara cerdas agar tidak Demak pada umumnya. Apabila kita terulang peristiwa matra darat yang nyaris analisis bahwa Kesultanan demak telah dikuasai oleh bangsa lain. sebetulnya sudah mampu menguasai ilmu Sedangkan untuk membangun kelautan yang andal. Hal ini dapat kita bangsa bahari sejati harus pula di dukung buktikan dalam sebuah berita yang dibawa oleh kedaulatan dan sistem penegakkan oleh Tome Pires di kenal seorang yang hukum diwilayah kelautan yang efektif dan bernama Pati Unus yang mengadakan efisien. Hal itu mempunyai maksud agar serangan ke Malaka pada tahun 1513 ada hukum yang melindungi kepentingan dengan melalui pelayaran bersama nasional serta penjaminan terhadap armadanya (Marwati Djoned Poesponegoro penyelenggaraan kepentingan nasional dan Nugroho Notosusanto , 1975: 52). dalam konteks transportasi laut yang semua itu untuk meningkatkan taraf kesejahteraan METODE PENELITIAN masyarakat yang mencakup kehidupan Metode penelitian yang digunakan politik, sosial, ekonomi maupun budaya. dalam penulisan makalah ini adalah metode penelitian sejarah dengan studi perpustakaan yaitu dengan cara PEMBAHASAN merekonstruksikan masa lampau melalui A. Letak Geografis Demak Bintoro proses pengujian serta analisis sumber Demak mempunyai letak yang strategis, secara kritis terhadap rekanan dan yang hal ini membawa dampak yang peninggalan masa lampau (Louis Gottscalk, menguntungkan baik dalam bidang 1983: 18-32). Dengan merekonstruksikan perdagangan maupun bidang agraris. Hal peristiwa-peristiwa masa lampau ini maka ini menjadikan kerajaan Demak Bintoro dapat kita temukan suatu peristiwa sejarah sebagai kerajaan Islam tertua di Pulau Jawa. yang kronologis. Secara umum penelitian Selain itu Kerajaan Demak Bintoro menjadi sejarah memiliki langkah–langkah yaitu Kerajaan Islam yang besar dan maju dalam Heuristik (Pengumpulan Sumber), Kritik bidang perdagangan, karena secara strategis (Verifikasi Sumber), Intepretasi (Analisis daerah Demak Bintoro terletak di tepi dan Sintesis), Serta Penulisan atau sungai selat diantara pegunungan Muria dan eksplanasi (Kuntowijoyo, 1989: 89). Jawa. Tempat inilah akhirnya dijadikan Sedangkan sumber–sumber sejarah yang pusat perdagangan para pedagang muslim. dapat di gunakan meliputi sumber primer Mereka banyak yang melakukan aktifitas dan sekunder yang bisa berupa arsip, peta perdagangan di selat ini dan saling maupun buku-buku, majalah dan karya mentransaksikan barang-barang ilmiah. daganganya. Selain menjual belikan daganganya para pedagang muslim ini juga SOSIOHUMANIORA - Vol.3, No.1, April 2017 - Jurnal LP3M - Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa Yogyakarta 19 sedikit banyak melakukan penyebaran Berdirinya keraton Demak di tandai ajaran agama Islam kepada masyarakat dengan sengkalan “Geni mati siniraman yang pada masa itu masyarakat juga sudah janma” yang berarti tahun 1403 Saka atau memeluk agama Islam. 1478 M setelah mundurnya Prabu Para pedagang silih berganti datang Brawijaya V dari Dhampar Majapahit ke Demak Bintoro, selain perdagangan (Wawan Susetya, 2010: 239-240). Dengan ramai, tempat ini di dukung oleh tempatnya adanya peristiwa itulah yang menjadi titik yang strategis dan teori para pedagang yang awal berdirinya kerajaan Islam Demak bagus, sehingga menarik minat para Bintoro yang merupakan kerajaan Islam pedagang untuk berbondong-bondong pertama di Pulau Jawa. Keraton Demak datang. bisa di katakana sebagai penerus kerajaan Perdagangan di Demak ini di pimpin majapahit akan tetapi ada perbedaan oleh Raden Patah yang kehadiranya di keyakinan agama,kalau majapahit bercorak tempat tersebut atas petunjuk dari seorang hindu-budha, kalau Demak becorak Islam. wali yang terkenal yaitu Sunan Rahmad Kalau dikaitkan dalam struktur garis atau Sunan Ampel (Tim Nasional Penulisan keturunan maka raja atau penguasa Keraton Sejarah Indonesia , 1975: 52). Apabila Demak pertama ini masih keturunan dilihat dari sejarahnya terbentuknya Demak penguasa kerajaan Majapahit yaitu Prabu Bintoro memang mempunyai cerita yang Brawijaya V. panjang. Demak Bintoro awalnya merupakan kawasan hutan yang luas dan B. Keraton Demak Bintoro sebagai hendak di buka oleh Pangeran Jimbon dan Tempat Berkumpulnya Para para santrinya yang merupakan wilayah Pedagang sebagai hadiah dari ramandanya yaitu Prabu Kesultanan Demak Bintoro menjadi Brawijaya V yang merupakan raja Kerajaan kerajaan besar dan terkenal baik di wilayah Majapahit. nusantara maupun di luar negeri dan pada Pembangunan kawasan Glagah waktu itu pula ajaran Islam di pulau Jawa Wangi dilakukan secara gegap gempita berkembang dengan pesat. Hal itu tentunya oleh Pangeran Jimbun beserta Prajurit yang tidak hanya di lakukan oleh para pejabat di bawanya dari Kerajaan Majapahit. kesultanan saja, akan tetapi yang berperan Dengan segudang pengalaman dari penting dalam penyebaran agama Islam ini Pangeran Jimbun maka Demak Bintoro adalah para wali/sunan. Mereka para sunan berhasil di buka menjadi daerah yang subur di angkat menjadi penasehat Kesultanan alias “Gemah ripah loh jinawi“. yang selalu melakukan dakwah dan Berdasarkan mandate dari ramandanya memberikan pemikiran–pemikiran terhadap Prabu Brawijaya V maka Raden Jimbun para pejabat kesultanan termasuk Raden yang disebut juga Raden Patah di angkat Patah. Para wali yang tergabung dalam menjadi penguasa atau Adipati di Demak majelis ini berjumlah Sembilan orang dan Bintoro. oleh sebab itu di sebut Wali Songo. Secara geografis antara Demak Diantara para wali atau sunan yang Bintoro dan tlatah pelosok di Jawa Tengah aktif dalam kesultanan Demak Bintoro ini di hubungkan oleh sebuah sungai yang adalah Sunan Kalijaga. Beliau banyak bernama sungai serang yang kini bermuara memberikan saran dan
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