THE ONE HUNDRED AND SECOND

ANNUAL REPORT

O F TH E

American Poarb of Commisisüoncrsi for Jforetgn jHtsstons

TOGETHER WITH THE MIXI TES OF THE MEETING HELD AT PORTLAND, MAINE OCTOBER 8- 11, 1912 :::::::::

PUBLISHED BY THE BOARD CONGREGATIONAL HOUSE BOSTON

Contents

PACK Organization of th e A m erican B o ard ...... x M in u tes of th e A n n u al M e e t in g ...... 3 Corporate Members present...... 2 Missionaries Present...... 4 Male Honorary Members Reported as Present...... 5 Organization...... ^ Committees Appointed. . 5,6,7 Letters of Excuse...... 8 Committee on Nominating New Members...... 9 New Members...... 10 Place and Preacher for Next Meeting...... 10 Election of Officers...... u Case of Rev. James Sm ith...... 12 Final Report of Business Committee...... 12

H ome D epartm en t N ew Laborers for the Harvest. 18 The Year’s Finances...... 20 The Rising Generation...... 22 The Help of the Women. . . 23 As to Publications...... 23 District Offices...... 25 Changes in the New York Office...... 26 Committee Meetings...... 27 Necrology...... 29 Possible Changes in the Constitution of the Board...... 29 The Next Meeting...... 32 The Middle District (Mr. Beard’s Report)...... 32 The Interior District (Dr. Hitchcock’s Report)...... 34 The Pacific Coast District (Dr. Tenney's Report).... 37

T h e F ield s Africa Missions...... 41 Turkey Missions...... 70 China Missions...... 106 Missions in India and Ceylon...... 135 Japan Mission...... 162 Missions in the Islands and Papal Lands...... 179 Tabular View of the Missions of the A. B. C. F. M. for the Year 1 9 1 1 - 1 2 ...... 195

T h e T r ea su r y The Treasurer’s Report for the Year ending August 31, 1 9 1 2 ...... 196 Pecuniary Accounts...... 203 Summary Donations...... 227 iv Contents

PAGE S t a t i s t i c s Receipts of the Board...... 235 Places of Meeting and Preachers...... 236 Missionaries of the Board...... 238 Corporate Members of the Board...... 244 Corporate Members whose Service has Ceased...... 249 Officers of the Board...... 250 -Honorary Members...... 252 American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions

President.—S a m u e l B. C a p e n , LL.D. Vice-President,—E d w a r d D. E a t o n , D.D. Prudential Committee.— The President and Vice-President, ex officis. H e r b e r t A . W i l d e r , R e v . E d w a r d M. N o y e s , E d w a r d C . M o o r e , D .D ., R e v . G e o r g e A. H a l l . Terms expire 1913. H o n . A r t h u r H . W e l l m a n , H e n r y H a r r is o n P r o c t o r , L u c i u s H . T h a y e r , D.D., Rev. W illard L. Sperry. Terms expire 1914. Arthur Perry, John C. Berry, M.D., Raymond Calkins, D.D., Hon. James Logan. • Terms expire 1915. Corresponding Secretaries.—J a m e s L . B a r t o n , D.D., C o r n e l iu s H. P a t t o n , D .D ., E d w a r d L in c o l n S m it h , D.D. Treasurer.—F r a n k H . W i g g i n . Recording Secretary.—H e n r y A . S t im s o n , D .D . Assistant Recording Secretary.—E d w a r d X. P a c k a r d , D.D. Editorial Secretaries.— E . E . S t r o n g , D.D., Emeritus; W il l i a m E . S t r o n g , D.D. Associate Secretaries.— Rev. E n o c h F. B e l l , Rev. D. B r e w e r E d d y . Auditors.—E d w in H . B a k e r , W i l l i a m B . P l u n k e t t , H e r b e r t J . W e l l s . Publishing and Purchasing Agent.—J o h n G. H o s m e r . S e c r e t a r y S m it h in charge, United Charities Building, 4th Ave. and 22d St., New York. District A . N. H it c h c o c k , D.D., 19 So. La Salle St., Chicago, 111. Secretaries.— H. M e l v i l l e T e n n e y , D.D., Mechanics Bank Building, San Francisco, Cal.

W oman’s Board of Missions

W. B. M ., Boston.— Mrs. C h a r l e s H. D a n i e l s , President; Miss K a t e G. L a m - s o n , Foreign Secretary; Miss H e l e n B. C a l d e r , Home Secretary; Miss A l i c e M . K y l e , Editorial Secretary; Miss M a r y P r e s t o n , Secretary of Young People's Work; M is s S a r a h L o u is e D a y , Treasurer; Miss S. E m m a K e i t h , Assistant Treasurer.

W. B. M . of the Interior.— Mrs. G eo r g e M . C l a r k , President; Miss M. D. W in ­ g a t e , Secretary; Mrs. S. E. H u r l b u t , Treasurer, 1454 Asbury Ave., Evans­ ton, 111.

W. B. M. for the Pacific.— Mrs. R. B. C h e r in g t o n , President, Portersville, Cal.; Mrs. H. M. T e n n e y , Home Secretary, 37 Mesa Ave., Piedmont, Cal.; Mrs. W . W . F e r r i e r , Acting Treasurer, 2716 Hillegass Ave., Berkeley, Cal. 1 Resigned.

Minutes of the Annual Meeting

The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions commenced its One Hundred and Third Annual Meeting in the Williston Church of Portland, Me., Tuesday, October 8 , 1912, at 2.30 p.m .

CORPORATE MEMBERS Thomas Weston, Newton. PRESENT Rev. William W. Jordan, Clinton. Rev. Charles H. Daniels, Wellesley. Rev. James L. Barton, Newton Center. Maine Rev. DeWitt S. Clark, Salem. Rev. William P. Fisher, Brunswick. Frank H. Wiggin, Boston. Galen C. Moses, Bath. Rev. Arcturus Z. Conrad, Boston. George H. Eaton, Calais. I Samuel Usher, Cambridge. Rev. Leavitt H. Hallock, Lewiston. Charles N. Prouty, Spencer. John M . Gould, Portland. Charles E. Swett, Winchester. Rev. Omar W. Folsom, Bath. John C. Berry, M .D., Worcester. Arthur H. Wellman, Malden. | Henry H. Proctor, Boston. New Hampshire ! Rev. Edward C. Moore, Cambridge. Rev. Lucius H. Thayer, Portsmouth. | Rev. Cornelius H. Patton, Newton, Charles C. Morgan, Nashua. i Rev. Edward M. Noyes, Newton Cen­ Rev. Charles H. Percival, Rochester. ter. Rev. Samuel H. Dana, Exeter. i Herbert A. Wilder, Newton. Rev. George H. Reed, Concord. Francis O. Winslow, Norwood. ! Rev. William E. Strong, Newtonville. Vermont ! Rev. Ambrose W. Vernon, Brookline. ! Rev. George A. Hall, Brookline. Rev. Henry Fairbanks, St. Johnsbury. ! Rev. Clarence A. Vincent, Roxbury. Charles W . Osgood, Bellows Falls. ■ Alfred S. Hall, Winchester. Carl V . W?oodbury, Northfield. Arthur Perry, Boston. Rev. I. Chipman Smart, Burlington. | Rev. Brewer Eddy, Newtonville. Rev. Benjamin Swift, Woodstock. Rev. Raymond Calkins, Cambridge. Frank A. Morse, West Rutland. : Rev. Edward E. Bradley, Lincoln. Rev. Henry L . Ballou, Chester. I Walter K. Bigelow, Salem. | Rev. Harris G. Hale, Brookline. Massachusetts ; Rev. H. Grant Person, Newton. Rev. Elnathan E. Strong, Auburn- I Rev. John L. Kilbon, Springfield. dale. ! Rev. Enoch F. Bell, Newtonville. Samuel B. Capen, Boston. E. H. Bigelow, M .D., Framingham. Rev. Arthur Little, Dorchester. Rev. John Reid, Franklin. Rev. George A. Tewksbury, Concord. ; Rev. Stephen A. Norton, Woburn. Rev. Payson W. Lyman, Fall River. | Rev. Everett S. Stackpole, Bradford. Rev. Albert E . Dunning, Brookline. | Rev. George W. Andrews, Dalton. Rev. John R. Thurston, Worcester. ! William Shaw, Ballardvale. 3 4 Minutes of the Annual Meeting

Connecticut Wisconsin Rev. Edward N. Packard, Stratford. Pres. Edward D. Eaton, Beloit. Rev. Azel W . Hazen, Middletown. John M . Whitehead, Janesville. Edwin H. Baker, Greenwich. John H. Perry, Southport. Minnesota Rev. William W. McLane, New Haven. Rev. Harry P. Dewey, Minneapolis. Rev. Watson L . Phillips, New Haven. David Percy Jones, Minneapolis. Rev. Joseph H. Seldon, Greenwich. Rev. Fred B. Hill, Northfield. Rev. William H. Woodwell, East Hampton. Iowa Rev. Charles R. Brown, New Haven. Elliot S. Miller, Des Moines. Rev. Arthur L. Gillett, Hartford. Rev. Harlan P. Beach, New Haven. Kansas Rev. Frank D. Sargent, Putnam. Pres. Frank K . Sanders, Topeka. Rev. Henry C. Woodruff, Bridgeport. Rev. Williston Walker, New Haven. Oregon Pres. Wm. Douglas Mackenzie, Hart­ ford. Pres. William N. Ferrin, Forest Grove. William H. Catlin, Meriden. H. G. Talcott, Talcottville. California. Rev. William Horace Day, Los New York j Angeles. Rev. Henry A. Stimson, New York I City. i Hawaiian Islands Rev. Albert J. Lyman, Brooklyn. ; Peter C. Jones, Honolulu. Rev. Nehemiah Boynton, Brooklyn. Guilford Dudley, Poughkeepsie. MISSIONARY CORPORATE Edward L. Smith, New York City. MEMBERS PRESENT Rev. William A. Trow, Sherburne. B y provision of the By-Laws, men New Jersey holding the Board’s commission as mis­ sionaries are, after seven years of ser­ Rev. Charles H. Richards, Montclair. vice, Corporate Members. Harry Wade Hicks, Summit.

Rev. J. L. Fowle, Western Turkey. Ohio Rev. John K. Browne, Eastern Turkey. William W. Mills, Marietta. Rev. H. S. Barnum, Western Turkey. Pres. Alfred T. Perry, Marietta. R§v. W. Nesbitt Chambers, Central Rev. Howard S. MacAyeal, Akron. Turkey. Theodore M. Bates, Cleveland. Rev. Paul L. Corbin, Shansi. Dr. John J. Thomas, Youngstown. Rev. William L. Curtis, Japan. Rev. Theodore A. Elmer, Western Tur- Illinois key. Rev. A. N. Hitchcock, Chicago. Rev. John H. House, European Turkey. David Fales, Lake Forest. Rev. Charles N. Ransom, South Frank Kimball, Oak Park. Africa. Rev. E. A. Yarrow, Eastern Turkey. Michigan Charles W. Young, M.D., North Paul C. Warren, Three Oaks. China. Minutes of the Annual Meeting

HONORARY MEMBERS | Rev. Chauncey J. Hawkins, Jamaica | Plain. Maine | Rev. Charles S. Holton, Newbury port. Williard Scott, D.D., Brookline. Rev. Edgar M. Cousins, Old Town. | Ex-Pres. George Washburn, D.D., Bos- Rev. W. C. Curtis, Bethel. ! ton. Rev. Charles H. Davis, Portland. Arthur W. Kelley, Auburndale. Rev. Henry H. Noyes, Island Falls. Rev. William E. Locke, Wellesley. E. C. Stanchfield, Old Orchard. Connecticut New Hampshire , Isabella M. Blake, New London, Alonzo Alford, Antrim. j David N. Camp, New Britian. Rev. F. E. Delzell, Brentwood. Rev, Edwin C. Gillette, Canaan. Rev. R. Albert Goodwin, Atkinson. Rev. Thomas M. Hodgdon, W ot Hart­ ford. Vermont Rev. William J. Tate, Iligganuin. Rev. John W. Ballantine, Stafford Rev. Samuel H. Barnum, Jericho Cen­ Springs. ter. Rev. James H. Roberts, Hockanum. Rev. R. M. Houghton, Brattleboro. D. 0 . Rogers, W w Britain. Mrs. W. H. Catlin, Meriden. Massachusetts Rev. William P. Alcott, Boxford. Texas Rev. R. W. Haskins, Reading. Hon. Ira H. Evans, Austin.

President Capen took the chair. A hymn was sung. Devotional services were conducted by Rev. Allen E. Cross. An address of welcome was made by Rev. Jesse Hill, pastor of the Williston Church, and a response was made by President Capen. The Minutes of the last annual meeting were read in their important parts. The President appointed as the Committee on Nominations: Rev. Pay son W. Lyman of Massachusetts; Rev. Gerald H. Beard, of Connecticut; Mr. George WT. Baily, of New York; Rev. Henry A. Atkinson, of Illinois; Rev. Fred B. Hill, of Minnesota. The President nominated the following committees, and they were appointed: Business Committee: John J. Thomas, M.D., of Ohio; Rev. Stephen A. Norton, of Massachusetts; David Percy Jones, of Minnesota; Henry M. Beardslee, of Missouri; Rev. Benjamin Swift, of Vermont. Committee of Arrangements: Rev. Jesse Hill, Rev. C. H. Davis, Mr. E. T. Garland, Mr. W . K. Sanderson, Rev. Clifford Snowden, .Mr. Henry F. Merrill. The Treasurer, F. H. Wiggin, presented his report, and it was accepted. The report of the Auditors, with that of the Expert Accountant, was presented by Mr. Edwin H. Baker, and accepted. A hymn was sung. The report of the Home Department was presented by Sec. Cornelius H. Patton. The Annual Survey of the Missions was presented by Sec. James L. Barton. The American Board Quartet sang a hymn. Prayer was offered and the benediction was pronounced by Rev. \\ . W . Mc- Lane, of Connecticut, and the Board took a recess until 7.45. 6 Minutes of the Annual Meeting

TUESDAY EVENING

The Board met in the State Street Church. The President took the chair at 7.45. Devotional services were led by Rev. Lucius H. Thayer, of New Hampshire. A collection was taken to provide for the medical expenses of invalid and dis­ abled missionaries when on furlough. The sermon was preached by Rev. Watson L. Phillips, of New Haven, from the texts: John 13: 13, “ Ye call me Teacher and Lord: and ye say well; for so I am;” Luke 6: 46, “ Why call ye me Lord, Lord, and do not the things which I say? ” The Communion Service which followed was conducted by Rev. Raymond Calkins, of Massachusetts, and Rev. Lucius H. Thayer, of New Hampshire. Recess was taken until 9.30 a .m . o n Wednesday. Note.— A Christian Endeavor Rally was held on Tuesday evening in the Willis- ton Church, and addresses were made by Rev. J. K. Browne, of Turkey; Rev. James K. Lyman, under appointment as missionary to Turkey; Rev. Charles L. Storrs, of China; Associate Secretary Brewer Eddy and William Shaw.

WEDNESDAY MORNING

President Capen took the chair at 9.30 o’clock. A hymn was sung. Devotional services were conducted by Mr. Harry Wade Hicks. Mr. Thomas Todd offered the following amendment to the By-Law s for action tomorrow:— That Section 3 shall be amended by inserting after the word “ tw o ” and before the words ‘ ‘ corresponding secretaries ’ ’ the words, ‘ ‘ or more, ’ ’ so that it shall read, “ two or more corresponding secretaries.” Addresses were made by Rev. Paul L. Corbin, of Shansi; Dr. Charles W. Young, of Peking; Rev. Charles L. Storrs, Jr., of Shaowu; Rev. Charles A. Stanley, of the North China Mission. A service was held in memory of the Paotingfu martyrs, Miss Annie A. Gould and Miss M ary S. Morrill, who went from Portland to China in the service of the Board. An address was made by Mrs. Charles H. Daniels, President of the Woman’s Board. Prayer was offered by Rev. L . H. Hallock. The quartet sang, and the hymn, “ For All the Saints,” was sung. The President presented to the Board Deacon David N. Camp, of Connecticut, as one who had attended the meetings of the Board for seventy years, and the Board arose as a tribute of respect as Mr. Camp was led to the platform. Addresses were made by Rev. William L. Curtis, of Niigata, Japan, and Rev. Edward S. Cobb, of Kyoto, Japan, and Professor Hino, of the theological depa rt- ment of the Doshisha University. Rev. Payson W . Lyman, chairman of the Committee on Nominations, reported the following committees, and they were appointed:— Committee on the Treasurer's Report: Frank Kimball, Illinois; Rev. W. L. Phillips, Connecticut; Charles N. Prouty, Massachusetts; W . W . Mills, Ohio; Galen C. Moses, Maine. Minutes of the Annual Meeting 7

Committee on the Report of the Home Department: Rev. L. T. Reed, New York; David P. Jones, Minnesota; Rev. Joseph H. Selden, Connecticut; Rev. A. Z. Conrad, Massachusetts; Charles C. Morgan, New Hampshire. Committee on Place and Preacher: Rev. William H. Day, California; Theodore Bates, Ohio; Pres. E . D. Eaton, Wisconsin; Rev. L. H. Hallock, Maine; Rev. DeWitt S. Clark, Massachusetts. Committee on the Officers of the Board: Rev. A. J. Lyman, New York; Thomas Weston, Massachusetts; J. M. Whitehead, Wisconsin; Pres. W. X. Ferrin, Oregon, John M. Gould, Maine. After a hymn by the quartet, the benediction was pronounced by Pres. E. D. Eaton, of Wisconsin, and the Board took a recess until 2 o’clock.

WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON' The Board met at 2 o’clock. President Capen took the chair. Devotional services were led by Rev. Frederick B. Richards, of Massachusetts. The Business Committee reported upon the memorial from Rev. James Smith, a former missionary of the Board in India, recommending that the President of the Board nominate a special committee to consider the matter and to report to the Board, and it was so voted. An address was made by Rev. J. Henry House, of Salonica, upon the “ Mace­ donian Call in 19 12 .” Addresses were made by the following missionaries from the missions in Turkey; Rev. Theodore A. Elmer, of Anatolia College, Marsovan; Rev. Charles K. Tracy, of Smyrna; Rev. Henry S. Barnum, of Constantinople; Rev. George F. Herrick, of Constantinople. The President introduced Rev. Elnathan E. Strong as the veteran Editorial Secretary, long in the service of the Board. Mr. Harry Wrade Hicks made a brief address describing the varied services of Dr. Strong. The Board rose as a tribute of respect. Dr. Strong spoke briefly in response. Prayer was offered by Rev. John H. Quint, of Maine. A hymn was sung. An address was made by Rev. Albert E. Dunning, of Boston, on “ Home Mis­ sions in Other Lands.” The President nominated as the committee to consider the request of Rev. James Smith the following: David Fales, Rev. DeWitt S. Clark, William W . Mills, Rev. A. W. Hazen, John M. Whitehead, Rev. Joseph H. Seldon, Frank Kimball, and they were appointed. The benediction was pronounced by Rev. E. E. Strong, and the Board took a recess until 7.45 o’clock.

WEDNESDAY EVENING

The Board met in the City Hall. President Capen took the chair at 7.45. Devotional services were led by Rev. William H. Day, of California. An invitation was extended by Secretary Atkinson, of the Congregational Brotherhood, to the members of the Board to be present at the coming convention of the Brotherhood at Oberlin this week. 8 Minutes of the Annual Meeting

An Address was made by Rev. George A. Wilder, of Chikore, Rhodesia, on “ Thirty Years in the Heart of Africa.” Prof. Harlan P. Beach, of Yale Divinity School, gave an address on “ Africa, a Continent of Opportunity.” Secretary Cornelius H. Patton gave an address on “ The American Board’? Part in the Redemption of Africa.” The bendiction was pronounced by Rev. W. H. Day, and the Board took a recess until Thursday morning at 9.30 o’clock.

THURSDAY MORNING

The President took the chair at 9.30. A hymn was sung and devotional exercises were conducted by Rev. I. C. Smart, of Burlington, Vt. The Minutes were read. Dr. John J. Thomas, of the Business Committee, reported the resolution offered by Mr. Todd, recommending its adoption, and it was so voted, adding the words “ or more” to Section 3 of the By-Laws, after the word “ tw o,” before the words “ Corresponding Secretary.” Also a recommendation of the Committee that the invitation of the churches of Los Angeles and of the Southern California Association, to hold the annual meeting of the Board in 19 15 in the city of Los Angeles, and that Rev. W. H. Day, of that city, be invited to present the invita­ tion to the Board, and the recommendation was adopted. Addresses were made by Rev. Ernest A. Yarrow, of Van, Turkey; Robbins W. Barstow, of Mardin; Rev. John K. Browne, of Harpoot; and Rev. W. N. Chambers of Adana. A service of intercession was led by Rev. James A. Richards, of Boston. It was introduced by singing by the quartet. Mr. W . W. Mills, offered a resolution that an offering be made for the rebuild­ ing of the ruined church in Tarsus. Remarks were made by Rev. W . H. D ay and the offering was made, resulting in gifts and pledges to the amount of $5,322. An address was made by Rev. W. H. Gulick, of Spain. Rev. John Gardner, of Hull, England, was introduced as representative of the London Missionary7 Society. Rev. W. W. Jordan offered the following resolution:— That Mr. W. W . Mills be given an opportunity to present the subject of the needs of Tarsus church at the evening meeting. And it was voted. Prayer was offered by Rev. W. N. Chambers, and recess taken to 2 P.M.

THURSDAY AFTERNOON The President took the chair at 2 o’clock. Prayer was offered by Rev. H. G. Hale. Excuses were presented by the following Corporate Members: Franklin Carter, Frank A. Day, C. H. Lyman, George Harris (resigns), J. G. Merrill, D. King, H. A. Bridgman, W. L. Beard, G. W. Phillips, J. M. W. Hall, J. H. Moore, S. E. Baldwin, Cyrus Northrop, B. E. Beach, E. M. Williams, R. Paton, H. K . W7arren, J. E. Bradley, R. G. Hazard, J. H. Twichell, F. T. Bayley, L. Pratt, O. S. Davis, Minutes of the Annual Meeting 9

Wilson Denney, J. W . Strong, F. W. Lyman, A. L. Williston, C. A. Beckwith, A. J. Newton, H. C. King, W . F. Hewins, S. B, L. Penrose, C. H. Rogers H. R. Miles, H. Kingman, M ary E. Woolley, C. H. Hull, C. H. Kelsey, J. 11. Heald, ]. K. Unsworth, C. S. Mills, H. A. Garfield, A. L. Frisbie, Caroline Hazard, E. Hall, H. M. Tenney, E . R. Brown, L. A. Hyde, E. H. Rhodes, W. D. Mreet, J. C. Hanna, C. F. Thwing, D. M. Pratt, C. M. Rhodes, Asher Anderson, Frank Wood, C. B. Moody, J. E . Snowden, C. H. Hulburd, Frederick Fosdick, A. J. Newton, E. W. Blatchford, Ralph Emerson, D. F Bradley, II. L. C hapman, G. E . Love- joy, G. H. Whitcomb, John dePeu, J. W. Bixler, Lucius F. .Mellon, C. C. C'reegan, T. C. MacMillan, Thomas McClelland, M. A. Myers, Oliver Huckel, F. J. Van Horn, E. L . Gulick, C. A. Hopkins, F. G: Smith, H. J. Wells, R. H. Potter, J. H. George, A. W. Benedict, N. Osborne, E. B. Dean, C. M. Way, L. E. Jepson, C. A. Gower, J. S. Ainslie, G. C. Meisel, Graham Taylor, J. C. Hanna, O. H. Ingram, H. W. Darling, F. J. Harwood, W. R. Guild, F. A. McCornack, C. L. Morgan, R. R. Hays, W. E. Cadmus, Judson Titsworth, P. F. Marston, E. H. Pitkin, A. S. Baker, James W. Cooper, Edwin H. Byington, F S. Child, A. R. Thain, T. C. Edwards, Edward Whitin, G. W. Bailey, E. F. Cragin, F. S. Fitch, G. H. Beard, G. W. Marston, W. R. Castle, F. B. Makepeace, J. E. .McConnell, A. F. Poole, J. F. Loba, A. P. Williams, W. E. Barton, D. N. Beach, M. A. Bullock, Margaret J. Evans, H. A, Flint, F. H. Fuller, C. A. Hull, W. H. Holman, I. W. Metcalf, Doremus Scudder, Sydney Strong, W. A. Waterman, E. G. Updike, Wr. W. Gist, N. M. Hall, G. R. Merrill, E. F. Williams. The Chairman nominated the following on Committee on Nominations, and they were elected: Rev. W. D. Street, E. H. Pitkin, Charles H. Baker. Report on the Home Department was presented by Rev. Lewis T. Reed, Rev. W. H. Trow and Rev. C. H. Davis having been added to the committee. The Committee offered the resolution:— That the Prudential Committee shall be enabled to elect three Corresponding Secretaries, one to be located in New York, and it was adopted. Rev. Raymond Calkins presented the report of the Committee on New Mem­ bers as follows:— The following Corporate Members have died since the last meeting of the Board: Rev. William S. Smart, Vermont; David M. Camp, Vermont: George B. Burrall, Connecticut; Chester Holcombe, New York; Frank L. Fairchild, Ohio; Dr. D. K. Pearsons, Illinois; E. F. Grabill, Michigan; George Parsons, Michigan; Pres. D. Brainerd Perry, Nebraska, Barton S. Hays, California; Henry P Bald­ win, of Hawaii, died before the close of last year, but knowledge of his death did not reach the Board till this year; Mr. John E. Bradley, Massachusetts. The following members have lost their membership through removal: Rev. Edwin J. Lewis, representing the Windham Association of \ ermont; Rev. \\ illiam W. Dornan, representing the Pilgrim Association of Massachusetts: Rev. Arthur W. Ackerman, representing the Litchfield Northeast Association of Connecticut; Rev. Frank N. White, representing the State Conference of Illinois, Rev. Peter M. Snyder, representing the Rockford Association of Illinois; Rev. Herbert J. Hin- man, representing the Northeastern Association of Iowa; Rev. W illiam I. Patchell, representing the State Conference of Northern California. The resignation of Rev. Edward L. Gulick and Rev. George Harris were per- sented and accepted. IO Minutes of the Annual Meeting

Rev. W. L. Beard was transferred from the membership at large to that of missionaries. The following list of candidates for Corporate Membership was elected:— Maine.— Union Association, Rev. Stephen T. Livingston. New Hampshire.— Cheshire Association, Henry W. Lane. Vermont.— Addison Association, Rev. George H. Bailey; Orleans Association, Rev. Leland A. Edwards; Rutland Asso­ ciation, Rev. Robert H. Ball; Windham Conference, Rev. R. M. Houghton. Massachusetts.— Barnstable Association, Rev. Newton Irving Jones; Hampshire East Association, Alvin L. Wright; Old Colony Association, Lemuel L. Dexter; Pilgrim Association, Rev. Frederick B. Noyes. Connecticut.— State Conference, William G. Green, Prof. Henry W. Farnam; Central Association, Daniel 0 . Rogers; New Haven West Association, Rev. Oscar E. Maurer; Litchfield North­ east Association, Elijah J. Steele. New York.— State Conference, Rev. William F. Kettle, Hudson River Association, Harlan P. French; Suffolk Association, Rev. William Hayes Longsworth. New Jersey.— State Conference, Rev. Samuel Lane Loomis; Washington Association, J. Henry Baker. Ohio.— Central North Asso­ ciation, Rev. Bernard G. Mattson; Cleveland Association, Rev. A. R. Brown; Central Ohio Association, Rev. William H. Woodring; Miami Association, Rev. D. M. Pratt; Plymouth Rock Association, Rev. John G. Fraser. Florida.— State Conference, Pres. E . Lym an Hood. Illinois.—Aurora Association, Rev. William S. Dando; Central East Association, Rev. John Andrew Holmes; Elgin Association, Elthom Rogers; Fox River Association, Henry Edmund Hackman. Michigan.— State Conference, Dr. Albert Brown Lyons, Rev. Harlow S. Mills; Jackson Association, Rev. Bastian Smits. Wisconsin.— State Conference, Pres. Silas Evans, Rev. John Faville, J. 0 . Myers; Superior Convention, Byron Ripley. Iowa.— Northeastern Association, Roger Leavitt: Grinnell Association, Rev. Percival F. Marston. Missouri.— Springfield Association, Prof. Arthur P. Hall; Kidder Association, Rev. William Newton Jones. North Dakota.— Jamestown Association, Rev. J. Charles Evans. Kansas.— Eastern Association, Charles J. Pettyjohn. Wyoming.—State Conference, Rev. W. B. D. Gray. Colorado.—• Denver Association, Rev. S. T. McKinney. At large: Rev. George A. Hall, Rev. Willard L. Sperry, of Massachusetts; Pres. W . D. Mackenzie, of Connecticut; Prés. Alfred T . Perry, of Ohio; Pres. Graham Taylor, M. A . Dean, of Illinois; Pres. William N. Ferrin, of Oregon. Rev. W . H. D ay, of the Committee on Place and Preacher, recommended Kansas City as the place of the next meeting, with Rev. Dan F. Bradley as preacher and Pres. Albert P. Fitch as alternate. 'Also that the invitation from Detroit for 19 14 be referred to the Committee on Place and Preacher, to report in 1913; and both recommendations were adopted, it being understood that the Prudential Committee shall have the power to make other arrangements if thought best, in order that the Board may unite upon the preacher who may be chosen by the Provisional Committee of the National Council; and Mr. Thomas Weston, of the Committee on Nominations, presented the following list as their recom­ mendations, and all were elected. The resignation of Pres. A . P. Fitch from the Prudential Committee was previously presented and accepted. Minutes of the Annual Meeting il

President Recording Secretary

S a m u e l B. C a p e n , LL.D. H e n r y A . S t im s o n , D.D.

Vice-President Assistant Recording Secretary E d w a r d D . E a t o n , D .D . E d w a r d N. P a c k a r d , D.D. Prudential Committee for Three Years

R e v . R a y m o n d C a l k i n s , D.D. Editorial Secretaries

H o n . J a m e s L o g a n E l n a t h a n E . S t r o n g , D.D., Emeritus J o h n C. B e r r y , M.D. R e v . W i l l i a m E . S t r o n g , D.D. A r t h u r P e r r y

Associate Secretaries Prudential Committee for Two Years R e v . E n o c h F. B e l l W i l l a r d L . S p e r r y R e v . D. B r e w e r E d d y

Corresponding Secretaries A udiiors J a m e s L . B a r t o n , D .D . C o r n e l i u s H. P a t t o n , D.D. E d w in H . B a k e r E d w a r d L in c o l n S m i t h , D.D. W i l l i a m B . P l u n k e t t H e r b e r t J . W e l l s . Treasurer

F r a n k H . W i g g i n

A Missionary Laboratory was conducted by Rev. Brewer Eddy. An open Parliament for missionaries was held, at which missionaries present were asked to volunteer in addressing the meeting, Rev. William H . Gulick, of Spain; Rev. J. H. House, of Turkey; Rev. George F. Herrick, of Western Turkey Rev. W . N. Chambers, of Adana, Rev. J. K . Browne, of Harpoot, responded. The benediction was pronounced by Rev. George F. Herrick and the Board took a recess until 7.45 this evening.

THURSDAY EVENING The Board met in the City Hall, Vice-President Edward D. Eaton in the chair. A hymn was sung. Devotional services were conducted by Rev. Chauncey J. Hawkins, of Boston. Rev. Edward Lincoln Smith, the newly elected Corresponding Secretary of the Board, was introduced and made brief remarks. A collection was taken up for the Tarsus church, after remarks by Rev. W. N. Chambers and Rev. William H. Day. The collection amounted to $900. An address was made by Rev. Charles R. Brown, of Yale Divinity School, upon “ The Greater Things Ahead.” President S. B. Capen made an address upon “ Foreign Missions and the World’s Peace.” Prayer was offered and the benediction pronounced by Rev. Raymond Calkins, and the Board took a recess until 9 o’clock tomorrow morning. 12 Minutes of the Annual Meeting

FRIDAY MORNING

The Board met at 9 o’clock, President Capen in the chair. A hymn was sung. Devotional services were conducted by Rev. Clarence A. Vincent, of Boston. The Minutes were read. The Special Committee upon the memorial of Rev. James Smith reported by its chairman, Mr. David Fales. On the acceptance of the report, the Board by vote gave Mr. Smith an opportunity to present his case. Remarks were made by mem­ bers of the Special Committee and by members of the Prudential Committee. The report was adopted as follows:— The special committee to which was referred the appeal of Rev. James Smith have considered the matter thoroughly, devoting a full day to the investigation. We have received all the evidence and documents which Mr. Smith wished to present and the evidence upon which the Prudential Committee acted in recalling Mr. and Mrs. Smith. After hearing all the evidence, Mr. Smith acquiesces in the finding and report of this committee, viz., that the Prudential Committee’s action in recalling Mr. and Mrs. James Smith be and the same is approved. Mr. Smith also asked that we consider whether the provision made for his financial support by the Prudential Committee is just. We are advised that a retiring grant has been tendered to Mr. and Mrs. Smith, but we regard this as a question of administrative detail, which should be left to the. sympathetic "consideration and w'ise discretion of the Prudential Committee. Addresses were made by Rev. W . O. Ballantine, M .D . of Rahuri, India, and by Rev. H. C. Hazen, of’Manamadura, India. Rev. E . C. Moore, chairman of the Prudential Gommittee, spoke of the valued services of Mr. Francis O. Winslow and Prof. Arthur L. Gillett, retiring members of the Prudential Committee after three full terms of service. Rev. Richard S. Rose was commissioned as missionary to India by Professor Moore. The quartet sang a chant. Secretary Patton presented as newly appointed missionaries Rev. Richard S. Rose and Rev. Jerome C. Holmes, who made brief remarks. Dr. Thomas, chairman of the Business Committee, presented the following resolutions, which were adopted:— For the fourth time in its history the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, in company with its friends and supporters from far and near, together with a goodly number of its representatives in foreign lands, has held its annual meeting in Portland, Me., a city for a long time and intimately related to its larger operations abroad and more recently called to painful attention through its having been the early home of two noble young women missionaries of the Board, whose devotion stopped not short of martyrdom for the faith. These local associations could not other than prove helpful and inspiring, and we feel that they have been both. For the large-hearted hospitality of its people of our faith and order, so generously extended and bountifully bestowed, we are placed under especial obligation. We have been peculiarly privileged in being permitted to hold our one hundred and third annual meeting within the walls of an edifice marked by its having been the birthplace of the Young People’s Society of Christian Endeavor. To the Minutes of the Annual Meeting 13 worthy pastor and good people of Williston Church, to the various committees of preparation and of direction, to the choir and organist, we extend assurance of appreciation of their efforts to make our meeting the notable success it has proved itself to be. W e are under kindred obligation to the pastor and membership of State Street and High Street Churches. Our acknowledgments are due to the good ladies of Pine Street Methodist Episcopal Church for special courtesies. The American Board Quartet has again done much to give both inspiration and interest to the meetings. To the press of the city we are indebted for accurate and sympathetic report of our proceedings. Unusual facilities for the holding of our evening sessions have been afforded us by the use of the new City Hall. The magnificent organ is itself an inspiration, and the performance of the organists especially to be commended for both skill and appropriateness to the occasion. Without attempting to make special reference to all of the notable addresses heard at this meeting, we do take the liberty of voicing the feeling of many who were present on Tuesday evening upon the occasion of the delivering of the annual sermon, a feeling which calls for its being given wide publicity. It sounds the keynote to a more fitting relation between income and expenditure, and calls attention to the too frequent relegation of Christian benevolence to a less than subordinate place. In this sermon searchingTquestions were propounded and with startling directness and insistence, questions quickening to the conscience and awakening to higher endeavor in the broad field we are attempting to cultivate. Again we suggest that the sermon of Dr. Phillips be given general circulation. Indifference to missionary obligation is not normal to the Christian life. It is a mark of defective development therein. It has interesting relations to other faults of character, and to our view a more thorough search into the causes and occasion of its very general prevalence is something promising to accrue largely to the advantage of the kindgom that is not of this world. The closing address from the churches was made by Rev. Carl M. Gates, to which President Capen made a response. On motion of Rev. Arthur Little, a message of respect and affection was sent to Rev. G. S. F. Savage, of Chicago, now in advanced age. The Minutes were read and approved. The quartet sang a chant. The closing prayer was offered by Rev. Arthur Little, who pronounced the benediction, and the Board adjourned to meet in Kansas City, in October, 1913« E d w ar d N . P a c k a r d , Assistant Recording Secretary.

ANNUAL REPORT

1911-1912

Report of the Prudential Committee for the Home Department, 1911-1912

The leading event of the year was the celebration at Salem, Mass., of the centenary of the ordination of the first five missionaries of the Board. Impressive services were held in the old Tabernacle Church, whence the original band went forth, and on the very day one hundred years after. Most appropriately, the commemorative exercises centered around the ordination, by an ecclesiastical coun­ cil, of five young men, who, in the glow of their enthusiasm and the thoroughness of their preparation, typified both the spirit and method of the foreign missionary move­ ment of America as it faces the second century of its life. On the identical settee oc­ cupied one hundred years ago by Messrs. Judson, Newell, Hall, Nott, and Rice, when ordaining hands were laid upon the heads, sat these five young men of today, who were set apart for work under the Board in as many different missions. Their names are James K. Lyman, William R. Leete, S. Ralph Harlow, Charles H. T abernacle of 1812 Maas, Jerome C. Holmes. The exercises, occupying an entire day, were of an impressive character. Essentially an exclesiastical procedure, at the request of the Board it was conducted under the auspices of the Tabernacle Church, whose pastor, Rev. DeWitt S. Clark, D.D., spared no pains to make the occasion a noteworthy one. The Salem ordina­ tion invites comment upon the significance of the event as emphasiz­ ing certain contrasts between one hundred years ago and today. But this ground has been sufficiently covered in connection with 2 17 i 8 Home Department other recent anniversaries. Thus ends the notable series of cen­ tenaries, beginning with the Haystack Prayer Meeting Anniversary at Williamstown in 1906, and rising to its full glory in the centenary of the Board’s organization celebrated in Boston, Andover, and Bradford in ujio. These occasions have been of incalculable benefit to the Board, deepening our historic sense, emphasizing our obligations to the past, and enlarging our constituency. When it was proposed to celebrate the Haystack centennial, a pro­ minent clergyman remarked. “ Haystack Prayer Meeting! Who knows anything about that? \ ou will not find enough interest in the thing to make a celebration worth while.” We venture to say that today the student meet­ ing under the shelter of the haystack is one of the best- known events n American church history. We now pass over to the missions the centennial function; and prompt to seize the oppor­ tunity the Marathi Mission will celebrate the completion of one hundred years by a series of great meetings in Bombay and Ahmednagar in November, 1913. It is the expectation of the Prudential Committee to send a strong delegation to represent the Board on this occasion, which will mean so much to mission work throughout India. New Laborers for the Harvest We have been greatly troubled in recent years by the shortage of. workers. Great as has been the need of funds, the need for missionaries has been even greater. In fact, if we could secure the men and the women in sufficient number, it would be the best possible incentive for the giving of means. There are from sixty Home Department 19 to seventy vacancies all the time, positions authorized to be filled by the American Board or the Woman’s Boards, for which the Home Department is looking for volunteers. We never overtake this need, for new vacancies arise as soon as the old ones arc filled. We rejoice, however, that in 19 10 -11 we came nearer to filling the ranks than for several years, seventy-three new workers having been approved. This year, while unable to give as good a report, we yet find ourselves considerably above the average. .Fifty-four appointments have been made since the last annual meeting. These workers have been distributed among the twenty missions except South China, the Philippine Islands, and Austria. Classifying the appointees, we find nineteen are men and thirty-five are women. Of the women, twelve are wives, leaving twenty-three unmarried women workers. This proportion would be not far from normal were it not for the fact that five of the men under life appointment are going out, according to present appearances, unmarried. Clas­ sifying the men, we find that ten are ministers, three physicians, six teachers, and one is a business agent. The unmarried women may be classified as follows: sixteen general teachers, two kinder- gartners, one evangelistic worker, one physician, and three nurses. It should be said that of our total of fifty-five appointed, e’even are sent out for term service, the period being three or five years. This custom of making term appointments is of recent growth, and arises from the fact that candidates can frequently be found who will consider a few years on the field but not life appointment. The tendency is not entirely to be deprecated, since it enables young people to try out their powers, to become interested in missions as a life work, and to return home for further study. Not a few of our life appointees went out originally for a short period. The opening for such volunteers has increased greatly in recent years through the widespread use of the English language in our higher schools. To make our classification complete, it should further be said that five of our new workers were already on the field when appoint­ ment W'as given, and that five are detained in this country for further study or for special reasons. It will be of interest to the Board to know that the modern devel­ opment of missionary work calls for a more thorough and a more highly, specialized preparation on the part of candidates for appoint­ ment. Ordained men intending to work among Oriental peoples, with their ancient and complex civilizations and their subtle religious ideas, need at least a year of special study following the regular 20 Home Department

seminary course. Teaching missionaries and those administering educational institutions should have a special course in pedagogy in some high-grade American institution. Physicians should have not only a full collegiate and medical course, but should practice in this country as internes before attempting work on the field. The Board now requires all physicians who are to locate in the tropics to take a course in one of the English Schools of Tropical Diseases. For all missionaries the mastering of the native languages is urged as never before, and this may lead eventually to their taking courses in phonetics before sailing. We rejoice that several of our theologi­ cal seminaries are offering special training for missionaries and are planning to add greatly to their facilities for such work. Without doubt, the foreign missionaries being sent out by boards like our own are the most carefully selected class of workers in the world. We append to this report the list of missionary appointees for the year, arranged by missions.

The Year’s Finances With deep gratitude to God and hearty appreciation of the devo­ tion and generosity of the Board’s constituency, we record the fact of financial success. For the fourth consecutive time we come to the annual meeting with the announcement of no debt. In 1910, when the Treasurer’s books closed early in September, there was a small deficit, but friends came to the rescue as soon as the need was made known, so that the joy of our centennial gathering was not marred by any suggestion of failure. We do not recall any like series of years. It is true that along in the eighties and nineties the Treasurer was able to report a credit balance year after year, but this was because the great fund created by the Otis and Swett leg­ acies was available for the canceling of any deficit caused by the falling off of the regular receipts. In one year as much as $166,000 was applied in this way. It is no wonder that when this reservoir was drained there followed a series of years when large deficits were the rule rather than the exception. That we have been able to overcome that tendency and at the same time to lift our total receipts by more than $300,000 is cause indeed for rejoicing. The record of the past five years is full of encouragement. Lest, however, we rejoice more than is mete and base our hope upon false premises, certain unfavorable signs should be pointed out. It is true, as the Treasurer has pointed out, our total income Home Department 21 of $1,062,442.98 is the largest in our history by $30,417.23; but this gain over the former year has been achieved in the face of a loss of $49,720.79 in the gifts of living donors for the regular work of the Board. This loss is divided as follows: from churches, $17,959.24; from individuals, $29,026.49; from Sunday schools and Young People’s Societies, $2,735.06. The successful issue of the •year is due to the quite unusual income from matured conditional gifts, $40,766, a gain of $32,074.78, and from the fine showing made by legacies under the Twentieth Century Fund process, the gain here being $12,299.22. The weakest spot in all our finances is the direct giving of the churches. While allowing for the fact that the individuals who send gifts direct to our treasury do so as members of the church, and considering too that the women’s auxiliaries are branches of the church, as are also the organizations representing the young people, it must yet appear unsatisfactory that our congregations as such, through the regular offerings of the people, have sent the Board no more than $260,226.24. Clearly there is a call for a more careful consideration of their missionary obligations on the part of the vast majority of our churches, together with more pains­ taking and systematic methods for securing the gifts of the people. It is an encouraging fact that when churches do take hold of this problem from a deep, spiritual motive and in a business-like manner, using the method of the personal canvass, they are able, without exception so far as we can learn, to register notable gains in giving. This suggests how easily the problem would be solved should this attitude become general. We bespeak for the Apportionment Committees, national, state, and local, and for the leaders of the Laymen’s Missionary Movement, all of whom are advocating the personal canvass for the securing of pledges and the weekly envelope system for the collection of the same, the hearty cooperation of the members of this Board. We hope every Corporate Member will use his influence in securing the most effective methods in his own church and in the region which he represents. When appropriations were made in the fall of 1911, after careful consideration of the needs of the work and the prospects at home, it was decided to increase the amount for the general work of the missionaries by $10,000, making $140,000 in all. It was also neces­ sary to increase somewhat the amount for the salaries and other personal expenses of the missionaries on account of the gradual enlargement of our force, the increased cost of living, and the short­ 22 Home Department ening of the period between furloughs. The year thus became a challenge to our energy and faith. The figures of our total expendi­ tures, $1,062,088.50, may seem large, but the Foreign Department will reveal how even this considerable sum involved cutting the estimates of the missions in a cruel way, as also the holding back of work on many a promising field. Let this fact also temper our joy. It has been customary to report the giving of the denomination for the year upon the per capita basis. The record is $1.05, as compared with $1.09 for the year before. For a series of years the record is as follows:— 1903 $0.91 1908 S0.92 1904 .91 1909 I.03 1905 .90 1910 1.10 1906 1.12 1911 1.09 1907 .94 19 12 1.05 It is understood, of course, that the above record does not include legacies or interest on invested funds, but only the gifts of the living. The Rising Generation Our Board was early in the field in the modern movement looking to educating the young people in missions. The department organized for this purpose in 1902 is proving increasingly effective. In recent years emphasis has been placed upon popularizing mission study, both for special classes and in the Sunday school. Our young people and those who direct their religious education cer­ tainly do not lack in these days attractive and effective literature and other helps in the way of mission study. The problem is how to get them to use the materials furnished by the Board. In the matter of giving on the part of young people, the year, as has been indicated, shows a loss. This is probably because we have not placed before the Sunday schools some definite object of the foreign field, like the building of a ship or the construction of a church. To remedy this defect, we now offer the children the privilege of building two hospitals in China. We ask members of the Board to bring this appeal before such schools as they are able to reach. Lnusually attractive literature has been issued for this purpose. Under the Apportionment Plan we hope the Sunday schools can be lined up for our denominational work, home and foreign, as the main charge upon their donations. At present our Congregational Home Department

Sunday schools are probably the worst example in the world of indiscriminate giving. Comparatively few of them adopt a policy of benevolence or follow any well-laid plan. In consequence, they are influenced by the catchy appeals of institutions which often are of minor importance, or no importance at all, while they pass by our great denominational needs. Here, again, is a good field for the activity of the members of this Board.

The Help of the Women It perhaps is not necessary each year to call attention specifically to the splendid work of the three Woman’s Boards, without which much that has been accomplished would be impossible. But we cannot let such an occasion pass without paying some tribute to the loyalty and efficiency of these auxiliary societies. They are exceedingly well administered, both in the guidance of their workers abroad and in their efforts to build up a supporting constituency. The relations between the Woman’s Boards and the American Board are established on an efficient and mutually advantageous basis, and our cooperation is increasingly intimate and satisfactory. The more we examine the methods used by other denominations in adjusting the parent boards to the special organizations of the women, the more we are inclined to rejoice in the Congregational way. It needs only to be noted that the three Woman’s Boards are supporting 205 missionaries, and that they sent the sum of $284,- 801.69 through our treasury last year, for all to realize what a large factor the women are in this work.

As to Publications In the department of Publications, the year’s emphasis has been upon improving the periodical literature already established rather than devising new issues. Illustrations and other embellishments have been more largely' used in the Envelope Series, the Almanac, and the Annual Report. Continuing the policy of recent years, the last named pamphlet has been broadened in its scope from a mere summary of events in the several missions and stations to a general survey of progress in the mission lands, with fuller treatment of some selected lines or features of the work, thus giving to each issue of the report a particular and more permanent value. The 24 Home Department

Quarterly News Bulletin has proved its value again as a news carrier to a host of individuals whose attention is secured for its crisp statements of figures and facts concerning the foreign mis­ sionary enterprise. The Missionary Herald holds its place as the chief organ of the Board. The figures show that it is slowly gaining more readers at the same time that it is gradually falling off somewhat in receipts from subscriptions. This paradox seems due to the fact that the number of clubs is increasing and that many who formerly paid the full subscription price are now getting the magazine at the reduced club rate. The worth of the magazine in maintaining the interest and support of the Board’s constituency is so manifest that it is greatly to be desired that its circulation should be increased. The doubling of the subscription list would mean a large access of power to the Board. The suggestion that the subscription price should be still further reduced in order to increase the number of subscribers has been rejected by the Committee, on the ground that the deficit charged to the Missionary Herald account is already larger than it ought to be, that the cost of printing and publishing is steadily rising, that the magazine is certainly worth all that is charged for it, and that most of those who might be interested to read it must be able to afford at least half a dollar a year for the privilege. In pamphlets and leaflets, little new has been produced during the year. We have issued two special pamphlets not designed for general circulation, one the Report of the Deputation to West Africa, intended for the Corporate Members and those connected directly with the administration; the other, a statement of the Higher Educational Work of the Board, printed but not published, for a limited circulation among those who may become interested in the Higher Educational Endowment Fund. Concerning this pamphlet literature, it is a significant fact that the call for it has been declining of late. The reason for this decline is apparently due in part to the development of the Apportionment Plan. As the churches are now making their contributions generally by yearly pledge and a weekly offering, there is less desire for leaflets for distribution in the pews than under the old system of a collection on some particular foreign missionary Sunday. Another reason for the slackened demand for such leaflets may be that mission study classes, church auxiliaries, etc., are more and more using text-books, so that their auxiliary reading in preparation for meet­ Home Department ings depends less upon leaflets and special pamphlets. It is to be feared, however, that there has been less effort on the part of church leaders to circulate leaflets among their constituency, and the cooperation of pastors and missionary leaders in the churches in this regard is greatly desired. Closely allied to the literary activity of the Board is the use of our illustrated lectures. There are thirty-six of these lectures, many of them having colored slides of a really artistic quality. Several lectures have been revised recently and five new ones have been added. That these lectures are popular and effective is indicated by the fact that during the year they were used 1,540 times, the distribution being as follows: from the Boston office, 605 lectures; from the New York office, 320 lectures; from the Chicago office, 475 lectures; from the San Francisco office, 140 lectures.

District Offices The Secretaries in charge of our Middle, Interior, and Pacific Coast Districts will render separate reports, which will be printed herewith. We urge the careful reading of each of these reports, especially on the part of the constituents in the district concerned. The work of these offices is steadily increasing. It requires a larger correspondence, wider and more frequent traveling, more addresses, and more activity generally to conduct the Home Depart­ ment of the Board on the present budget of over a million dollars than it did when the work was more circumscribed. In the Interior District the territory to be covered is immense, and it includes a number of states which have seen a remarkable denominational development since the Chicago office was first opened. For several years it has been the purpose of the Prudential Committee to strengthen this office by the appointment of an Assist­ ant Secretary, and it is hoped that such an additional worker, thoroughly capable for his task, may be secured at no distant date. The Pacific District also covers a very wide extent of territory. The churches here are more widely scattered than in other sections of the country. This makes visitation by the Secretary both difficult and expensive. In no section of the country, however, have we made in recent years larger proportionate gains than on the Pacific coast. The rapid development of our denomination in that section should encourage us to put forth the best possible efforts from the San Francisco office. 26 Home Department

Changes in the New York Office The Committee sent to the members of the Board, on June 12, a communication proposing certain changes in the scope of our New York office, by way of preparing your minds for definite action at this meeting. New York is not only the commercial metropolis, but is coming to be regarded also as the religious center of the country. The great religious movements of our times are more and more being directed from that city, where so many of our leading denominations have their central offices and where business men from all over the country frequently congregate. This is particu­ larly true of interdenominational movements, and still more so of the foreign missionary propaganda in which interdenominationalism has become so prominent a factor. In New York are the offices of six interdenominational societies through which the American Board cooperates with the other religious bodies. It is also a significant fact that the largest recent gifts to the Board, notably those to our Higher Educational Endowment Fund, have come from New York constituents. The increasing accumulation of wealth in the metropolis offers a great opportunity and at the same time places a special responsibility upon the Board. Such conditions as these have led the Prudential Committee to consider locating at New York one of the executive officers of the Board, who can represent us in many of the interdenominational conferences and who can give special attention to the financial opportunities in that field while talking over the existing agencies of the Middle District. In order that the new lines of work may be effective, it seems desirable that our New York representative should be a Corresponding Secretary of the Board, a member of its execu­ tive staff, able to attend meetings of the Prudential Committee, and so fully to understand the problems and methods of adminis­ tration. By such an arrangement the New York Secretary would also bring to the Board’s administration the benefit of his special experience gained in the metropolis, and thus broaden the scope of all our plans in the Home Department. We consider it of great importance that Boston should be in touch with all sections of our country, and this particularly applies to New York City. The New York office has been in charge of Rev. Willard L. Beard, whom the Prudential Committee called from Young Men’s Christian Association work in China. For nearly three years the constituents of the Middle District have greatly enjoyed Mr. Beard’s Home Department

ministrations, coming, as he has, with such intimate* knowledge of conditions and needs abroad. It was agreed, when Mr. Beard undertook this work, that he should be free to return to China after a few years should he desire so to do. Having recently been called to the presidency of our own college at Foochow, he naturally feels that his duty lies there, and the Prudential Committee has released him from service, the date of his retirement being October i. The necessity of a new Secretary for this district led the Commit te to consider instituting the changes outlined above, and in order that there might be no delay in securing the new officer, it was thought best to advise the Corporate Members of the proposed change in advance of the Annual Meeting. For the same reason the Committee has felt warranted in nominating to the Board one whom it considers rarely fitted to fill this important position. In the communication referred to above we presented the name of Rev. Edward Lincoln Smith, D.D., of Seattle, for the position of Corresponding Secretary of the Board, with the expectation that his headquarters will be in New York City. Dr. Smith needs no introduction or commendation from us, as he is well known as a Corporate Member of the Board and as one of the ablest of our pastors, particularly earnest and effective in missionary planning and administration. The replies received from many Corporate Members in different parts of the country have without exception heartily indorsed the proposed changes and Dr. Smith as the one best calculated to make the new plans effective. We ask the Board at this meeting to give formal indorsement to the proposed plan, and through the Nominating Committee to present the name of Dr. Smith as a Corresponding Secretary of the Board. Committee Meetings It has not been customary for the Committee to refer in detail to the manner of its conducting the business of the Board or to a number of questions coming before it for consideration. I he Board, however, may be interested to know that twenty-eight meetings of the Committee were held during the year. This is a ■slightly smaller number than the average, the tendency being to increase the length but reduce the number of meetings, for the sake of the brethren who must come from a distance. The docket has fre­ quently contained from fifty to sixty items of business. The total number of items considered during the year is 873, and of these 121 TTlP on* (lonfvrcnci* of 1912 Home Department 29

items were referred to sub-committees for special consideration and report. Ordinarily, about one-half of the time in each meeting is occupied in hearing and discussing the reports of sub-committees. We have been fortunate in securing a quorum of the Committee at every meeting, even through the summer months, so that the business of the Board has been handled with unusual dispatch. . The terms of four members of the Committee expire at this time. Francis O. Winslow and Arthur L. Gillett, originally elected in 1903 and reelected in 1906 and 1909, under the rules of the Board are ineligible for reelection, having served for three consecutive terms. Mr. Charles A. Hopkins, having served three full terms, part of the time as Chairman of the Committee, after an interval of one year was elected for the fourth time in 1909. We regret to report that owing to continued ill health Mr. Hopkins feels constrained to announce that it will be impossible for him to serve the Board as a member of the Committee for another term. Mr. Arthur Perry completes his first term of service at this time.

Necrology It is our sad duty to report that ten Corporate Members have died since October 1911. Their names are as follows: Rev. Wil­ liam* S. Smart, Vermont, elected in 1880; David M. Camp, Vermont, elected 1905; George B. Burrall, Connecticut, elected 1899; Chester Holcombe, New York, elected 1888; Frank L. Fairchild, Ohio, elected 1907; Dr. D. K . Pearsons, Illinois, elected 1907; E. F. Grabill, Michigan, elected 1895; George Parsons, Michigan, elected 1892; Pres. D. Brainerd Perry, Nebraska, elected 1905, reelected 1910; Barton S. Hayes, San Franciso, elected 1910. Henry D. Baldwin, Hawaii, elected 1907, and George B. Burrall, Connecticut, elected in 1899, died in 1911, but no notice was made of their deaths in last year’s report.

Possible Changes in the Constitution of the Board Your Committee is not unmindful of the various proposals being made looking to changes in the structure of the Board. While this is a matter of such vital importance that the Board will prob­ ably wish to debate the subject on its own account at some appro­ priate time, it may help to clear the air if we describe here certain changes which have already been brought^about. 30 Home Department

The American Board was the child of the Congregational churches of Massachusetts as represented by their General Association. It received its organization from this body in 1810 as a Board of Commissioners appointed for life and self-perpetuating. As such, two years later, it received a charter from the General Court of Massachusetts. This plan of control was chosen as the one most likely to prove efficient and as best meeting the situation created by churches of various denominations desiring to use the Board as their agent in the carrying on of foreign missionary work. The polities of the three supporting denominations were so diverse that a self-perpetuating organization seemed the best way in which to combine for a mutual end. The record of the Board in all its earlier history would seem to confirm the wisdom of the founders. When, however, the other denominations, first the Presbyterians and then the Reformed Church, withdrew and organized their own boards, the original organization became in the main a Congrega­ tional institution. In the meantime, the churches of this faith and order had developed a nation-wide denominational consciousness and a system of cooperation far beyond what existed in 1810. It seemed appropriate, therefore, for the Board to institute certain changes in its structure which would bring it more nearly in accord with existing Congregational usage and make it more directly representative of the churches. At the meeting of the Board held at Worcester in 1893, upon the presentation of resolutions drawn up by a committee of which Rev. A. H. Quint, D.D., was chairman, the membership of the Board was increased to 350, and state, territorial, or independent organizations of Congregational churches were invited to make nominations sufficient to fill three-fourths of such vacancies as existed or should occur. More radical changes were made at the meeting in Grinnell in 1904. After careful study on the part of a representative com­ mission appointed the year before, of wThich Pres. Frank K. Sanders was chairman, the Board adopted the system which now prevails, by which election is for five years instead of for life, allowing each local association of churches to have one Corporate Member a!nd the State Conferences to be represented in proportion to their enrollment of church members. The Board was also allowed 150 members at large. Under this arrangement, the limit of member­ ship was increased from 350 to about 500. The charter of the Board made it illegal to relegate to ecclesiastical organizations the Home Department

actual election of its members. These bodies were accordingly asked to make nominations to the Board, the Board, on its part, binding itself to receive such nominations and to act favorably upon them so far as they conformed to the By-Laws governing the matter. In this way, without changing the charter, the churches were given control. This plan is now working smoothly, and so far as efficiency of administration and the carrying out of the great purposes of the Board are concerned is giving good satisfaction. What we desire to bring out in this recital is that in the past the Board has not hesitated to effect such changes in its method of electing members as the churches have desired. In these steps looking to making the Board more representative of its constituency, the Board has acted on its own initiative, not waiting for suggestions from the churches. At the meetings of the National Council held in Boston in 1910, proposals were made for aligning all the Congregational missionary societies with the Council as the single administrative body for the denomination in its national functions, and a Commission of nineteen men was appointed to consider this, along with other matters, and to present a plan for adoption at the next Council. The publishing of their proposals in advancc. of the meeting has given rise to sundry counter propositions, these varying somewhat in their proposals for the American Board. Your committee rejoices in this attention which is being given to the administration of our denominational missionary work, feeling that the more the churches can concern themselves in what all must regard as their leading interest, the better will they be able to perform their part in establishing Christ’s Kingdom in the earth. As in the past, the Board on its own account has from time to time sought to bring itself into closer relations to the churches, so now that the matter has, in a measure, been taken out of our hands and thrown into the arena of general denominational debate, the mem­ bers of the Prudential Committee and the officers of the Board, speaking for themselves, stand ready to favor such further changes as the churches may desire, in so far as these changes are found to be legal and practicable. We trust this attitude may meet with the approval of the Board. 32 Home Department

The Next Meeting The Board has already committed itself to holding its annual meeting in 1913 at Kansas City, Mo., in conjunction with the National Council and the Homeland Societies. This should be an occasion of great interest and inspiration. All our denominational work will be reviewed and every line of aggressive effort should be advanced. It should be the largest and most representative gather­ ing in our history. We trust the members of this Board will plan early to be present at Kansas City, not only that the Board’s busi­ ness may be attended to and that we may enjoy all the good things which such an occasion affords, but that by our presence and coop­ eration we may aid in making the occasion a noteworthy one in the annals of Congregationalism and in the advance movement of Christ’s Church.

REPORT FROM THE MIDDLE DISTRICT

Rev. W. L. Beard, Secretary for the Middle District, reports as follows:— To inform and thus to interest the churches in the work of the Board in foreign lands has been the chief aim of the Secretary during the past year. In this the missionaries home on furlough have assisted to the extent of their ability. The Secretary himself has spoken nearly one hundred and fifty times in Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Washington, D. C. Along this line, special effort has been made this year to cooperate with the pastors in their plans to raise the apportionment of their churches. For example, the church in N— had fallen far short of its apportion­ ment. The pastor arranged for a week of special effort to give information, arouse enthusiasm, and to make an “every member canvass” for missions. We cooperated with this man by arranging for three addresses and attending a committee meeting at which cards bearing the name and address of each member of the parish were distributed to different members of a large committee of men, each of whom promised to see within a specified time the people allotted to him. The result is that that church exceeds its appor­ tionment to the Board this year. By request of the pastors in Central New York and in the Puritan Association, Ohio, ten days were spent in deputation work in these Home Department 33 associations by your Secretary. Mrs. Alice Williams visited many of the churches in Central and Western New York during June, and Dr. Joseph K. Greene has done valiant work during the year. In November your Secretary joined the Laymen’s Missionary Movement of Western New York in three conferences. Here the aim was to help the churches commit themselves to a definite mis­ sionary policy of education and of giving. It is too early to know of all the results, but definite knowledge has come of one church which has for several years given nothing. This year a check has gone each quarter for the full amount of its apportionment for the American Board. The usual number of missionaries, about seventy-five, have passed through New York on their way to and from their fields of labor. They have been assisted in various ways. The stereopticon lectures and slides were never in so great demand as during the past year, and never were more compliments received from the pastors who have used them. In former years the slides have been used in this district 250 times. During the past year they have been used 320 times. The Cooperating Committee has given invaluable assistance in directing and in carrying out the work of the year. Rev. W illiam Douglas Mackenzie, D.D., has resigned and Rev. Rockwell H. Potter has been elected to membership. The other members are as follows: Lucien C. Warner, LL.D., Charles A. Hull, Rev. Harlan P. Beach, D.D., Charles H. Baker, Hon. John H. Perry, Frank L. Fairchild, James G. Cannon, W. W. Mills, H. Clark Ford, John G. Jennings, Rev. Henry C. Woodruff, and William H. Spencer. The meetings this year have been exceptionally well attended. This means much for men who must come from Connecticut and Ohio, as well as for those living in New York and New Jersey. As I leave this position to take another in the work of the Board in my old field of Foochow, China, I want personally to thank the Cooperating Committee for their helpful interest and counsel. I want also to acknowledge the hearty cooperation of the pastors of the district in the work of the Secretary. Many most pleasant memories go with me to China of men whose vision of their own local church is that it should be increasingly an instrument which God uses to bring the world to himself. It is a great satisfaction to know that it is proposed to have Rev. Edward Lincoln^, Smith, D.D., of Seattle, Wash., represent the 34 Home Department

Board in this district immediately, and I know that he will find the same hearty cooperation from the Cooperating Committee and the pasto.rs of this district that has been accorded to me.

REPORT FROM THE INTERIOR DISTRICT

Rev. A. N. Hitchcock, D.D., Secretary for the Interior District, reports for the year as follows:—

Income The Interior District shows just about its proportion of the falling off in donations from churches and individuals, but the legacies and matured conditional gifts have not been sufficient to offset this decline, as has been the case in the Eastern states. However, the total receipts have exceeded $200,000, while the average for the past five years has been $194,307.85.

Agencies Employed Apparently every method which seemed at all practicable has been used to promote interest and increased income. Visits to churches, conferences, and other gatherings have been numerous. Early in the year an extended and successful tour was arranged for Secretary Patton, which enabled him to reach important church and educational centers in Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minne­ sota, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, and Missouri. In each place his visit was warmly appreciated and productive of deepened interest. The District Secretary has had more invitations to churches and all sorts of missionary gatherings than he could accept. Quite a number of Commissioning Services for outgoing missionaries have been held in various places, and every one of them has been an occasion of special interest. Service as Chairman of a Committee of Secretaries in connection with the Laymen’s Missionary Move­ ment has also taken considerable time for conference. The demand for such interdenominational cooperation seems to be steadily increasing. A number of returned missionaries have given valuable aid. Rev. Joseph K. Greene, D.D., has almost surpassed all records in the number of places and the extent of territory covered by his Home Department 35 visits; and aside from the effectiveness of his addresses, lie has traveled at least ten thousand miles during the year without expense to the Board. Dr. W. A. Hemingway, of North China, and Rev. H. K. Wingate, of Turkey, have made numerous visits to churches; similar service has been performed by Rev. Arthur H. Smith, D.D., and Rev. Chauncey Goodrich, D.D., of China, Rev. W. H. Sanders, D.D., of West Africa, Rev. John X. Miller, of India, and Rev. A. C. Wright, of Mexico. Rev. Edward W. Felt, who sailed for India early in the year, and Rev. Richard S. Rose, who will be commis­ sioned at this meeting for service in India, have both met with good success in creating a supporting constituency before their departure. The Secretary desires to record again his appreciation of the services of the Cooperating Committee in Chicago. They have given valuable time and counsel in the consideration of financial and other interests and in conference with missionary candidates. For the past year the members of the committee have been M. A. Myers, Esq., Chairman; Rev. W. E. Barton, D.D., M. A. Dean, Esq., Pres. Edward D. Eaton, LL.D., David Fales, Esq., Frank Kimball, Esq., Rev. W- T. McElveen, Ph.D., J. H. Moore, Esq., Rev. H. E. Peabody, D.D., and E. H. Pitkin, Esq. There has been a constant demand for our literature, and con­ siderable quantities of it have been sent out from the Chicago office into all parts of the district. The correspondence from the office has been large, and has related to a great variety of missionary matters. Almost every remittance is acknowledged by a brief personal letter. The effort has been to make even the more general communications as personal as possible by entering individual names and signing all letters separately. The demand for our stereopticon slides steadily increases. Dur­ ing the year the different sets have been used 475 times—the largest number on record at this office. But even this number does not include the different times when pastors or missionaries have used a set of slides in various places before returning it to the office. This department of work is useful in the way of diffusing information and strengthening interest and confidence in the work of the Board.

The Middle West Extent of the District.—The Interior District covers twenty-two states. It extends from the western boundary of Ohio to the 36 Home Department

Rocky Mountains and from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico. Within this territory are about 2,800 churches, as their names appear in the Year-Book, and these churches contain about one-third of our total membership in the United States. Conditions of Work.—A closer view shows that about 1,300 of these churches, or nearly one-half of the total, have an average membership not exceeding thirty-five, and about 600 have an average membership of not more than twenty. It is estimated that about 600 of the churches in this district are at all times without a pastor, while very nearly the same number are so small that they report no contribution to any benevolent cause whatever. Many of these churches are remote and widely scattered, and most of these smaller ones, unless wholly overlooked, are the recipients of home missionary aid. It is not to be wondered at that in some of the states the Apportionment Plan has been so adjusted and applied as to call for the apportionments for the state work first of all in full, leaving what remains to be divided among the other societies according to the percentages. On theoretical grounds at least it has been declared that this situation is fatal to the Apportionment Plan, both on account of recognizing the state work as a preferred claimant and also by releasing a part of the working force from sustained interest and cooperation before the goal of all the appor­ tionments has been reached. Practically, however, the situation at present cannot be met by forcing this argument. A little more time will be required for the best adjustment. Requirements.—It is possible that some portions of this great Middle West are lingering too long under home missionary condi­ tions. But if, through any justifiable necessity, the Apportionment Plan is modified in the interests of the home work, there should be some concession somewhere which shall not impose hardship and loss upon our immense and growing work abroad. Perhaps this concession lies in the direction of permitting personal or special appeals, at least until the apportionment is fully raised. Last j^ear the Secretary sent out, in addition to a much larger number of more general communications, a special personal letter to about six hundred carefully selected persons, mostly laymen. The effort was not repeated this year and a very natural result followed. For the present, at least, it would seem that this form of cultivation should not be too much restrained. Chicago as a Center.—From the foregoing and other considerations, the Secretary of this district is of the opinion that it would be a Home Department 37 wise policy to strengthen the Chicago center of work. A more careful study of the field does not seem at present to justify a divi­ sion of the district. All parts are most accessible from Chicago. Adjustments of the Board, as a national society, to the newer phases of state work can probably best be made here. Plans are on foot, already approved by the Prudential Committee and by the Chicago constituency, for more adequate quarters for the Chicago office, in close connection with the other societies. After consid­ erable delay it now seems probable that an assistant to the Secre­ tary will be secured in the near future. Through a happy division of labor and with the more thorough organization made possible by such reënforcement, we are planning for the vigorous and suc­ cessful prosecution of our work in this broad field.

REPORT FROM THE PACIFIC COAST DISTRICT

Rev. H. Melville Tenney, D.D., Secretary of the Pacific Coast District, presents the following report: Cooperating Committees The removal of a corporate member from Northern California» the death of another, and the expiration of the term of a third necessitated changes in the personnel of the committees in this part of the district. Rev. Harry R. Miles of Berkeley takes the place of Rev. W. P. Patchell of San José, and the other vacancies remain unfilled. These committees were composed of Corporate Members except the last three in Oregon, and were as follows:— Southern California: Henry Kingman, D.D., Claremont, Chair­ man; William Horace Day, D.D., Los Angeles; Mr. Charles E. Harwood, Upland; Jean F. Loba, D.D., Ontario; Mr. George W. Marston, San Diego; John H. Williams, D.D., Redlands. Northern California: Rev. Harry R. Miles, Berkeley, Chairman; Mr. Silas W. Mack, Pacific Grove; Rev. Francis M. Washburn, Lodi. Oregon: Luther R. Dyott, Portland, Chairman; Pres. William N. Ferrin, Forest Grove; Mr. C. H. Dye, Oregon City, Mr. A. H. Harding, Portland; Rev. John J. Staub, Portland. Washington: A. J. Van Horn, D.D., Chairman; Prof. Louis F. Anderson, Walla W'alla; Mr. William H. Lewis, Seattle; Mr. James Moore, Seattle; Pres. Stephen B. L. Penrose, Walla Walla; Edward L. Smith, D.D., Seattle; Sydney Strong, D.D., Seattle. 38 Home Department

The secretary cooperated with each of these committees in cir­ cularizing the churches, and the committees also in each section of the district attempted to reach all of the non-contributing churches by personal appeal from its members.

The Men and Religion Movement The Missionary Department of this movement was well manned and the addresses and conferences were excellent. The emphasis in Northern California, at least, was laid more strongly on other phases of church activity, and the follow-up work again illustrated the difficulty of interdenominational efficiency along these lines.

The Finances of the Year The regular annual increase in receipts which has marked the record of the last decade has been changed to a decline this year in the Pacific Coast District. There are three principal reasons for this change. First, a falling off in legacies, second, special financial depression in certain sections of the coast, this has been partic­ ularly acute in the State of Washington, third, a change of method among the churches by which the calendar year marks the com­ pletion of their benevolent as well as the home expense budgets, instead of the varying fiscal year of the different societies. This change is more pronounced this season than in any year since the apportionment plan was introduced. Deducting the legacies of last year, which were not repeated, there was a decline in the receipts from all sources of about $5,000. The total of $56,371.76 (returns to the woman’s board for the last two months in all parts of the district except Northern California, not included) is an advance upon the receipts of 1909 and 36 per cent, more than the average of the last decade. We may hope, also, for a better showing when the returns for the Woman’s Board and the calendar year have been received. The Apportionment Plan In its adaptation to home missionary states, the apportionment plan is raising some question, even among the most ardent friends of home missions. When the amount suggested for foreign missions is only 15 per cent., as in Idaho last year, compared with 85 per cent, for the Home Land Society, it actually occasions decrease in offer­ ings for the Board, and tends to arrest the interest in this great cause which was growing healthily from year to year before the Home Department 39 adoption of the plan. This certainly is not the result desired, and the National Apportionment Commission is to be commended for its willingness to modify its percentages as in the case of Idaho this year, upon presentation of the facts. There is a grave question in the mind of the secretary whether the percentage in other Pacific Coast States might not be changed with a distinct advantage to the development of interest in the whole work of kingdom extension.

Missionary Visitors Among the many missionaries that have visited the coast en route to their homes or fields, only a few have tarried for service in the district. The veteran Dr. J. K. Greene of Turkey made a remark­ able tour touching all the principal churches of the coast and ren­ dering very valuable service to the Board by his addresses to the churches upon our work in the Turkish Empire. In his itinerary he traveled more than 8,000 miles, gave 70 addresses in 41 churches in 27 different cities and towns, mostly on the Pacific Coast. He was everywhere received with eager interest and appreciation, and the entire expense of his trip was defrayed by the churches.

Cooperation in Missionary Education The Together Campaign of a few years ago for financial returns is to be duplicated in some of its features in the interests of mission­ ary education. The coming of Associate Secretary Eddy early in 1913, and his team of workers, representing the foreign field and the Sunday school society, will be heartily welcomed on the Pacific Coast. We believe the plan is in the line of true progressiveness in cooperation for the extension of the Kingdom of God.

APPENDIX

Record of Missionary Appointments, 1911-1912

LIFE APPOINTMENTS South Africa-. Miss Evelyn F. Clarke, Miss Edithe A. Conn. West Central Africa: Dr. Fred. E. Stokey, Miss Mabel Woodside. European Turkey: Miss Eugenia Frohlich. Western Turkey. Miss Edith F- Parsons, Dr. and Mrs. William A. Kennedy. 40 Home Department

Central Turkey. Mr. Luther R. Fowle, Rev. James K. Lyman, Miss Grace Towner, Rev. and Mrs. Edward C. Woodley, Miss Alice C. Brewer. Eastern Turkey: Miss Vina M. Sherman, Miss Mary D. Uline. M arathi: Dr. M. Clara Proctor, Rev. Richard S. Rose, Miss A. Eleanor Franzen. Madura'. Mr. Edgar M. Flint, Miss Susanna Quale. Ceylon: Miss Minnie K. Hastings. Foochow. Miss Mary F. Ledyard, Miss Elaine Strang, Miss Daisy D. M. Brown, Dr. Carles Gillette, Miss Margaret Weed. North China: Rev. and Mrs. Dean R. Wickes, Miss Louise E. Miske. Shansi: Mr. and Mrs. Jesse B. Wolfe, Miss Anna Kauffman, Miss Susan Helen Connelly. Ja pa n : Rev. Jerome C. Holmes, Miss Nettie L. Rupert. Micronesia: Rev. and Mrs. Philip A. Delaporte, Rev. and Mrs. Charles H. Maas. Mexico: Mr. Watson Wordsworth, Mr. and Mrs. Louis B. Fritts.

SHORT TERM APPOINTMENTS South Africa: Rev. and Mrs. Walter Foss, Miss Edith C. Lund- quist. Western Turkey: Miss Emily Moore, Miss Margaret White, Miss Olive Greene, Miss Jessie Holeman. Marathi: Mr. Wilbur S. Deming. North China: Mr. Ernest T. Shaw. Micronesia: Rev. Carl Heine. Spain: Miss Margarita Wright. The Africa Missions

Stations: Location and Special Work of Missionaries

ZULU BRANCH

A d a m s (1835), (Amanzimtoti). Albert E. LeRoy, ordained: Principal of Amanzimtoti Seminary and Normal School; mission treasurer. Mrs. Rhoda A. LeRoy: Work for women. Henry A. Stick, ordained: Language study. Mrs. Bertha H. Stick: Language study. Miss Caroline E. Frost: Teacher in Normal School. Miss Evelyn F. Clarke: Teacher in Normal School.

I f a f a (1848). W. M. Onslow Carleton, ordained: Supervision of South Coast churchcs. Mrs. Carleton: Work for women.

E s i d u m b i n i ( 18 4 9 ) . Charles H. Maxwell, ordained: Supervision of North Coast churches. Airs. Katherine S. Maxwell: Superintendent of Sunday School and work for women.

U m z u m b e (1861). Miss Laura C. Smith: Principal of Umzumbe Home School. Miss Edithe A. Conn: Language study; teacher in Umzumbe Home School.

D u r b a n (1892). James B. McCord, M .D .; Medical work. Mrs. Margaret M. McCord: Work among patients. Herbert D . Goodenough, ordained: Evan­ gelistic work.

J ohannesburg (1893).— Frederick B. Bridgman, ordained: Charge of work in station; chairman of Natal Missionary Conference; secretary of the Mission. Mrs. Clara Davis Bridgman: Sunday School and work for women. Mrs. Laura B. Bridgman: Literary work.

I n a n d a .—Stephen C. Pixley, ordained: Preaching. Mrs. Mary K. Edwards: Teacher in Inanda Seminary. Miss Fidelia Phelps: Principal Inanda Seminary. Miss Martha E. Price: Teacher in Inanda Seminary.

I m p o l w e n i .— James D. Taylor, ordained: Charge of Incwadi and Newtonville stations and churches in Polcla District; secretary of Natal Missionary Con­ ference; teacher in Theological College; Bible revision. Mrs. Katherine G. Taylor: Work for women and girls.

B e i r a ( 19 0 5 ) .— Note.— Old stations on mission reserves now supervised from other centers; I m f u m e , A m a h l o n g w a , U m z u n d u z e , I t a f a m a s i , G r o u t v i l l e (U m v o t i), M a p - UMULO. On furlough.— Charles N. Ransom, ordained: Mrs. Susan H. C. Ransom; George B. Cowles, ordained; Mrs. Amy B. Cowles. Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— (Durban), Fred R. Bunker, ordained: Supervision of primary school work Adams district, and Adams and Imfume churches; Walter Foss, ordained: General missionary work; Mrs. Anna 4i 42 Missions in Africa

B. Foss; Miss Mattie AlacNeil, nurse. (Adams) Mr. K. Robert Brueckner, Industrial work in Amanzimtoti Seminary; Mr. Frank Taylor, teacher in Aman- zimtoti Seminary and Normal School; Mr. H. Nilsen, Agricultural teacher; Air. Albert Alorck, carpentry teacher; Airs. Morck; Mr. O. E . Witt, assists Air. Bunker; M iss Hojem, teaches missionary children. (Johannesburg) M r. S. B. Norton, general work. (Umzumbe) Miss M. E. Tebbatt, Acting principal of Umzumbe Home School; Ali^s A. R. Hutchinson, sewing teacher in Home School. (Inanda) Aliss Alartha J. Lindley, Aliss Alary C. Pixley, Miss S. A'l. Cook, and Miss Van Heerden, teachers-in Inanda Seminary. During the year Air. Goodenough has returned to the mission and will be located at Durban. Airs. Goodenough has found it necessary to withdraw from the regular work of the Board. Air. and Mrs. Foss have returned to the mission, though not under regular appointment, for a term of five years and will be located at Durban. Other new arrivals are Mr. and Mrs. Stick located at Adams, and Miss Conn who will assist Miss Smith in the Umzumbe Girls’ School. We have also to report the formal appointment of Miss Evelyn Clarke who has assisted in teaching in Inanda Seminar}- for several years and who will now have a part in teaching in the Normal School at Amanzimtoti; and Air. and Airs. Carleton who have for two years supervised the work of the South Coast churches. The mis­ sion sustained a great loss in the death of Miss Alartha Pixley on June first.

RHODESIA BRANCH

A'It. S i l i n d a (1893).— William L . Thompson, AI.D .; In charge of medical department. Airs. Alary E. Thompson: Work for women and assists in medical work. William T . Lawrence, AI.D.; Medical work; principal of Alt. Silinda School; mission treasurer; postmaster and telephone agent for South Melsetter. Mrs. Florence E. Lawrence: Assists in medical work. Columbus C. Fuller: Evangelistic work. Airs. Julia B. Fuller: Work for women. Arthur J. Orner: Superintendent of industrial work including farm and forest. Sidney F. Dart: Language study; industrial work. Airs. Clara I. Dart: Language study. Miss H. Juliette Gilson: Secretary of the mission; teaching in Mt. Silinda School; superintendent of spinning and weaving and sewing classes in outstations. Aliss Minnie Clarke: Associate principal of M t. Silinda School; superintendent of girls’ boarding department; assists in evangelistic work. C h i k o r e (1895).— John P. Dysart, ordained: Language study; general charge of the station work. Airs. Bertha H. Dysart: Language study.; work for women, needlework and laundry for school girls.

M e l s e t t e r ( 19 0 2 ) .— On furlough.— Thomas King, ordained; Airs. Estelle R. King; George A. Wilder» D .D., ordained; Airs. Alice C. Wilder. Associated with the missions, not under appointment.— Miss Edith C. Lundquist; nurse. Aliss Helen J. Robbins. Dr. and Airs. Wilder are still held in this country. Mr. and Mrs. King have recently arrived for their furlough, and Mr. and Mrs. Fuller have returned to the mission. Aliss Lundquist, a trained nurse, has joined the mission for a term of five years to assist in the medical work at M t. Silinda. Miss Dorothy E . Hack (fiancée of Mr. Orner) has received appointment. Miss Hack has recently been employed by the government in the school for white children at M t. Silinda. Missions in A frica 43

WEST CENTRAL AFRICA MISSION

n.uLUXDO (1881).— Wesley M. Stover, D.D., ordained: General missionary work; translation work. Mrs. Bertha D. Stover: Woman's work. William C. Bell, ordained: Mission treasurer; general work. Mrs. Lena H. Bell: Work for girls. Fred E. Stokey, M .D .: Language study; medical work. Mrs. Mabel W. Stokey: Work for women. Airs. Marion M . Webster: In charge of schools. Miss Elizabeth B. Campbell: Teaching and work for women. Miss Helen H. Stover: Nurse, in charge of medical work, and general work for women.

K a m u n d o n g o ( 18 8 6 ) .— William H. Sanders, D.D., ordained: General mission­ ary work. Airs. Sarah B. Sanders: Work for women. Henry S. Hollenbeck, Al.D.: Medical and general mission work. Aliss Sarah L. Stimpson: In charge of Boys’ School.

C h i s a m b a ( 18 8 8 ) .— John T . Tucker, ordained: Language study; general work. Airs. Mabel L. Tucker: Language study. L. Gordon Cattcll: Language study; industrial work. Aliss Helen J. Alelville: Teaching and work for women. Aliss Alargaret W. Melville: Teaching and work for women. Aliss Diadem Bell: School work.

O c h i l e s o ( 1 9 0 3 ) .— Thomas W. W'oodside, ordained: Secretary of th e mission; general work. Airs. Emma I). Woodside: Work for women. Henry' A. Neipp, ordained: General work. Airs. Frederica L. Neipp: Work for women. Aliss Emma C. Redick: Educational work for both sexes. Aliss Janette E. Aliller: Language study and educational work.

C h i y a k a ( 19 0 5 ) , Sachikela.— Alerlin W. Ennis, ordained: In charge of th e general work of the station. Airs. Elisabeth R. Ennis: Work for women and girls. Robert G. Aloffatt, Al.D., ordained: Aledical, building and general mis­ sionary work. Mrs. M ary H. Aloii’att: Language study and work for women. On furlough.— William Cammack, M .D .; Airs. Libbie S. Cammack, Al.D.; Aliss Nellie J. Arnott. Dr. and Airs. Cammack and Aliss Arnott have come home for their furlough and Dr. and Mrs. Sanders, Airs. Woodside, Alisses Helen and Alargaret Alelville and Miss Campbell have returned to the mission after furlough. There have been several additions to the mission force, namely, Dr. Stokey, who married Aliss Alabel Woodside on his arrival, to be located at Bailundo; Air. Cattcll, an indus­ trial worker to be'temporarily located at Chisamba; and Air. and Airs. Tucker who, after a few months of study of the language at Lisbon will join the mission in the spring, being temporarily located at Chisamba. Dr. and Airs. Currie for health reasons will not return to the mission. Plans are maturing for the open­ ing of an Educational and Industrial Institute at Dondi. It is expected that Air. and Airs. Neipp and Air. and Airs. Ennis will each spend a few months there during the next year. Air. and Airs. Bell arc to be located at this station per­ manently on returning from their furlough which is due next year. The Canadian Congregational Foreign Alissionary Society is cooperating with the American Board in the work of the W’est Africa Alission, treating the mission as a unit. The Canadian Society cares particularly for the Chisamba station, and will have the larger share of the responsibility for the new Institute at Dondi. 44 Missions in Africa GENERAL

The First Meeting of the Natal Advisory Council on Comity and Cooperation This meeting was held at Maritzburg, February 15-16, 1912. It was unique in the history of South African missions. Fourteen Societies and Churches were formally represented, twenty-seven out of a possible thirty-seven being present. Perhaps the most important result of the meeting was to indicate clearly the lines in which cooperation may not be looked for in Natal at present, though some positive ground was gained. There is no need of becoming pessimistic or of abandoning an earnest effort toward closer cooperation, even though the goal seems somewhat removed. This committeee on Comity and Cooperation has now been brought into existence and the mere effort to find scope for its activities may reveal some larger possibilities of cooperation than the meagre ones now undertaken.

General Missionary Conference The fourth South African General Missionary Conference was held at Cape Town, July 2-9, 1912, with representatives from all parts of Africa south of the Zambesi and Cunene rivers. Through­ out the conference there was manifest a marked growth in the spirit of fellowship and cooperation in the work of evangelizing Africa. It was an honest attempt to correlate forces into an effi­ cient power. Different commissions previously appointed pre­ sented for discussion complete and instructive reports on such subjects as survey and occupation of the field, the reason for the existence of so large a number of heathen within the evangelized areas, social problems connected with the young men and women now going in large numbers to the city for work and the compound system at mining centers. Several important recommendations were prepared for presentation to the government. In connection with the conference an interesting and attractive missionary exhibition was held in Drill Hall, in which most parts of South Africa were represented by exhibits of native life and of missionary enterprise in its various departments. The large daily attendance proved the exhibition to be of popular educational and inspirational value. It spoke plainly of the occasion, the nature and the success of Christian missions. Missions in Africa 45 Another popular feature was the series of evening meetings held in the city hall, where two large native choirs gave a concert every evening in the vernacular and in English, followed by an address from some distinguished speaker. Prof. Harlan P. Beach, of Yale, was present at the conference and spoke of it as being a ‘‘history-making” conference. When we consider the care and preparation, the range of interests brought forward, the breadth of view given of South African missions, the consequential nature of all the discussions, the strength of appeal made in behalf of the work, the vital importance of the plans made for future activity, this conference marks indeed a great forward stride in the work of Christian missions in Africa. The immense influence which these general missionary confer­ ences have exercised in consolidating, missionary opinion, promot­ ing the spirit of missionary comity and demonstrating to out­ siders the essential unity of aim which underlies all the diversity of missionary cooperation, can scarcely be exaggerated. A general review of the missionary situation in South Africa as it now unfolds itself is calculated to reinforce faith and to inspire new courage and devotion. That heathenism is receding is the testimony of missionaries of all societies. Before the onset of two such powerful forces as Christianity and civilization, the religious and social fabric of ancient heathenism must speedily crumble away. Societies are closing up their ranks; already various mis­ sionary agencies are displaying more of a united front to the com­ mon foes. The government and the public also are generally evincing greater interest in the progress of missions.

Slavery and Rum Trade By the proclamation of the new Portuguese Republic there is no more slavery in Angola, West Africa, particularly export slavery. This law is not absolutely enforced to be sure, but it is now an easier matter to deal with the question. So far as the native churches are concerned, buying, selling or owning slaves is voted incompatible with church membership. Within a few years there has also been a great change as to the traffic in rum. With slavery and rum done away with the oppor­ tunity for missionary work in West Africa has increased immensely. The most sanguine of the missionaries had scarcely dared hope to see this day. The two greatest hindrances to mission work seem 46 Missions in Africa now to be removed, or on the way to complete removal, and this fact in itself constitutes a loud and imperative call which the mission would fain heed. The Portuguese Republic appears to be making an honest effort to reform the administration of the province by sending out rep­ utable governors. In their policy to the natives they show greater liberality than formerly. The government has not yet developed a system of land ownership for settlers, nor taken steps to encourage colonists. Fire at Chisamba Chisamba reported in August a disastrous fire, destroying the carpenter shop, the house and store of the Misses Melville, and the Girls’ Compound. Steps are being taken for rebuilding, the Canadian Society that supports this station’s work especially making an appeal among its constituency.

Famine Reports have just come of a very severe famine in the Rhodesian field, due, probably, to a severe and prolonged drought. An earnest appeal is made by the missionaries for relief funds for the starving thousands about them.

Evangelistic Work Natal.—One of the problems connected with the Board’s work in Africa is to meet the vast evangelistic needs of the different fields. The workers are all too few and each evangelistic missionary is called upon to cover so much ground that he finds it impossible to do the intensive work necessary. Take, for example, the mis­ sionary in charge of the North Coast churches of the Zulu Mission. Mr. Maxwell has resided at Esidumbini and has been in charge of a field that stretched from his own residence even as far as Pre­ toria in the north, a distance of about 300 miles. Last year he made fifty-two visits to the churches, traveling over 2,000 miles on horseback, besides visiting Johannesburg and Pretoria. Yet he was able to do hardly more than touch each church. Mr. Onslow-Carleton has had the same difficulties with the southern field. Though he traveled over 2,500 miles on horseback during the ten months of his work in that section of the field he was obliged Missions in Africa 47

to confess to his inability to cover the ground. The work of the missionaries would be much simplified if there could be more ordained Zulu ministers. This is, therefore, the crying need of the evangelistic work of the Zulu Mission, though more mis­ sionaries are demanded as well. It is wonderful, however, how much good has been done in spite of the paucity of laborers. Eleven ordained pastors, 692 Zulu workers all told, together with the missionaries, are few in comparison with the large num­ bers of Zulus lapsing into greater heathenism because of contact with the worst phases of our civilization. At the same time, reports of progress come from practically all the fields. Take the Groutville church at I'm- voti for example. Through the energy and tact of their ordained pastor the church building has been repaired and reroofed by the people themselves, the attendance at the regular services and prayer meetings has increased one hundred per cent., new life has been put into the Sunday school, the offerings in­ creased, and a gratifying number have been added to the catechumen class and even to the church itself. Changes wrought in this discouraging field by a good pastor emphasize anew the importance of the native pastorate. It is no wonder that the church has assumed the entire support of such a leader. A noteworthy work is being carried on at Dweshula where the congregation:- are overflowing the church building, the majoritv of attendance Miss Martha PMey " i r being raw heathen. A large number oi converts from heathenism is reported and the kraal services seem to ndi- cate great interest on the part of the non-Christians. In the south 48 Missions in Africa field there has been definitely planned an improvement in church organization; a better system of keeping church records, and an advance on the heathen population looking toward their conversion. As in America, however, so among the Natal Zulu churches, there is more of an indifference toward giving than there ought to be. Plans are needed for the arousing of those church members who now are merely lookers-on at the work. In the old station at Table Mountain a revival has been in progress without evangelist or special meetings. Not only have church members and others been moved, but in many kraals also there have been signs of spiritual quickening. The Doornfontein chapel in Johannesburg, even with the new extension, is still over­ crowded on Sunday afternoons, the average attendance being 625. There are 18 preaching places, by the way, in connection with this church ministered to by 58 lay workers. There seem to be large possibilities in this work of the laymen. The missionaries call attention to the great need of the Trans­ vaal field for a resident missionary to direct the force available in the churches in the face of unlimited opportunities. As Mr. Max­ well expresses it, "Our obligation is clear. If the men who go from our stations in Natal to Pretoria in great numbers are lost through the mischievous influence of the city it will mean the undermining of the Zulu churches at home which are being drained of the men by the call of the cities. Without pessimism, this is the statement of a condition of facts which calls for a readjustment of emphasis and forces.” Work has been begun in the new barracks opened by the Durban municipality. During the year also a new church building has been erected at Congella in a strategic center with great promise for the future development of its usefulness owing to the proposed large shipping enterprise on one side and the prospect of a large residential population on the other. Rhodesia.—In the Rhodesian Branch of the South Africa Mission the evangelistic work is to receive a new impetus through the setting aside of Mr. Fuller for that particular work. It is to be hoped that work along the Sabi may be pushed with vigor. The two tours made there by the missionaries this last year occupied 35 days and services were held at 60 places. During the first tour they were refused a hearing at only one place and at two places on the second. The second tour was more successful, however, as there was much less beer drinking going on among the people and Missions in Africa 4C> the people were sobered by famine. They said they had never heard the name of Jesus, but had heard of God who lived in the hills. A growing Christian community in the vicinity of the Mt. Silinda station has increased the attendance upon the Sabbath sendees. Forty heathen men working at the brick fields have availed themselves of the opportunity given of attending service. The Chikore church has much to report that is encouraging. The need of this field for more workers is evident. The long-sought-for ordained man for Beira and the work along the Busi, together with the need of developing a strong work in the Sabi valley, should continue to weigh heavily as burdens upon the minds of the mis­ sionaries and the Board. The mission will celebrate in October, 1913, the twentieth anniversary of its history. West Africa.— In West Africa the method of the mission from the beginning has been to establish at each station a Christian village apart from the surrounding pagan villages; to make this a gather­ ing spot for such as are willing to place themselves under the influ­ ence and control of the missionaries; to regulate the life of the community so as to constitute it in a sense a model village; and to send out from this center individuals and families who shall settle in other parts and act as leaven upon the outlying pagan popula­ tion. Five such centers have been estab­ lished in the thirty-two years of the mission’s history. The churches are confined to these five station villages, the Christians from the outlying districts being considered members of the central church. The ordained missionaries have served practically as pastors though, perhaps, they should more properly be called bishops. The common sense and earnestness of the native leaders are im- A Cirl of West Africa pressive. From their number should come many a noble Christian worker. The missionaries have jealously guarded church membership. While they report scarcely 800 communicants, the number might easily have been greatly increased but for the rigid system of catechumen classes with their character tests and courses of Biblical instruction. 4 50 Missions in Africa

The success of the work in West Africa on its evangelistic side is evidenced by the large size of the catechumen classes. Inquirers are multiplying on every side especially in the outstations. The burning of great piles of charms, witch doctor outfits, etc., at several stations has been a striking feature. Three needs, however, appear. First, that of better trained natives who shall give their whole time to spiritual work, for, with the exception of Chisamba, the mission has thus far avoided employing native agents, depend­ ing, with the exception of Chisamba, solely upon voluntary labor. Now the time has come to seize the present favorable movement with a band of trained men devoting their whole time to the work under the supervision of the missionaries. The second great need is an association of churches, and the mission has taken action looking to the formation of such and to the doing more in formulating and carrying out definite plans for the evangelization of the villages within the districts, looking to the utilization of voluntary preachers, the selection of strategic posts for resident workers, and the more regular visitation and super­ vision by the responsible missionary. The new Institute determined upon at Dondi will go far towards supplying in time the necessary qualified workers to lead the native forces through the open doors that every station reports, and to help meet the promising and important opportunities found in the outstations. So evangelism will not be left, as too often in the past, to the spontaneous action of native friends, for there will be a native evangelistic agency, well trained and properly paid.

Educational Work Natal, Inanda Seminary.—In the report of this year special attention is called to the change which has taken place in recent years in the class standing of the students who seek admission to the Seminary. The age of the pupils who come is very much lower than in former years. The average at present is about 16 years, with but two or three over twenty. These figures show that a great change has taken place since the old days when Inanda Seminary was a city of refuge for the kraal girls, who had to flee from their homes in order to escape polygamous marriage and to secure the privilege of believing in Christ. The right to study and believe has now come to their Missions in Africa 51 homes in the arrival of the day schools and outstation chapels near to their kraals, and there is much larger liberty of action and choice granted them in the marriage relation by their guardians. These day schools scattered over the field are now training their girl pupils up through Standard IV and then the pupils seek the higher training at Inanda or elsewhere. The Government grant to the Seminary for the year has been £219 and the fees from the pupils £317. The laundry has furnished industrial training for about 65 girls during the year. They are led to regard it not merely as some work to do but as a part of the education given them. While the upper classes have the advantage of the laundry training the lower department finds employment in the field work. Women among the Zulu people have been and are the cultivators of the soil. An attempt has been made during the year to give a more sys­ tematic instruction in housewifery. It is recognized that the time is ripe for a large development along this line of industry, both to fit the girls with simple and practical ideals for the improvement of their own homes and in view of the prospect of many of them being called to take up domestic service in order to maintain the civilized life which they are rapidly adopting. The need of more instructors is a critical one, not only in order to enlarge and improve the present system, but even to keep the work up to the past standard. It is now twenty-eight years since the Seminary received its last missionary teacher from America. The strongly evangelistic, systematic and personal work which has always characterized this school has been maintained through­ out the year. Umzumbe Home.—The same efficient and harmonious staff of teachers, European and native, has remained unbroken for the past eighteen months, and has received special commendation from the Government Inspector for the excellent team work done in the school. The immediate result of this harmonious effort placed the school well at the top of the schools of like grade in Natal in the percentages gained in the December examinations. A large number of the girls in the higher standards left at the end of the first term for various reasons. At the beginning of the second term 65 new girls came to take the place of the 30 who had dropped out. For a time it seemed like beginning an entirely new school, but very soon good order and loyalty permeated the unor­ 52 Missions in Africa ganized mass, under the transforming power of love and trust and high ideals. In this transforming work of organization the “Boards” of girls, upon whom are placed the inspection and responsibility of keeping in order the grounds and buildings and the various de­ partments of school work, have proved themselves invaluable. This unique system of “ Boards” has proved its great utility during the years that it has been employed in the school. It is a form of self-government adapted to the needs of the school and to the ability of the pupils. The higher class usually furnishes the members of the Boards. A new departure in the school has been the formation of an Industrial Class of thirteen girls, who have spent their time in sewing, including dressmaking with drafting, cutting and fitting, knitting, crochet, laundry work, cooking, practical housework and basketry. They have also had a year of lessons in physiology and hygiene and in domestic economy. Upon all these subjects they are to be examined by the Education Department at the close of this term. Special evangelistic services have been held twice during the year. Such services are fruitful of good in leading the girls to decision for and personal consecration to Christ. The departure of Miss Smith from the school is a very serious loss. She has been a most devoted, indefatigable and efficient worker in it for a long period. Amanzimtoti Seminary and Normal School.— There have been twelve teachers on the staff of this institution the past term, seven of whom are European. This is a great change from ten years ago, when there were but two European teachers. There was then one department in the school with no admittance requirements and no final examinations; there are now four Departments: Academic, Normal, Industrial and Agricultural and the requirements for admission and examination for certificates of completion of the courses are definite and strict. The attendance in the Normal Department has been b6, of whom 27 were young men and 39 young women. In the other depart­ ments there have been 112, a total attendance of 178. The fees from the students have been £725. The Government grants were £698-9-0 from the Educational department and £288 from the Native Trust, making a total of £986-9-0. The school in general has been most satisfactory throughout the year. A third year has Missions in Africa 53 been added tgfc the Normal course and there are three fully quali­ fied European teachers in charge of the work of the department. Fifty-seven students in the school secured teachers’ certificates in the Government examination of December, 1911. The Normal School now holds first place in Natal, with a large margin to spare between it and all other schools, and has fully justified the hopes which were entertained for it at its establishment three years ago. A new building has been completed for the Industrial Department of the seminary at a cost of £400, towards which the Government has' given £100. The educative value of the industrial work, rather than its mere utilitarian value, is, under the new management, kept uppermost. The Government is showing great interest in the agri­ cultural work done by the school and there seems to be good pros­ pect that it will be prepared to finance the department. The religious interest in the school has been keen, though the interest in spiritual things has not kept pace with the desire for mate­ rial blessings. At the same time there are many evidences of the Spirit’s working among the stud­ ents ; shown in the band of earnest workers who usually go out on Sundays to hold services in the The Uneducated Zulu kraals and outstations; in the well attended prayer meetings; in the eagerness displayed in the study of the Bible in the regular classes; and in the interest taken by all the students in one of the graduates of 1910 who has gone to take up Mission work in the Rhodesia branch. There are a number of the students who have expressed their determination to t^ke up work in Rhodesia. Union Theological College (Impolweni).—Two years have now passed since the experiment of union with the United Free Church of Scotland in higher educational work was begun. The agreement between the two Missions was to cover a period of three years, which would come to an end next year. The preparation of a new 54 Missions in Africa

prospectus for the college for the years 1913 to 1916 by the Joint Committee is strong evidence that the experiment has been satis­ factory on the whole and that it is to be continued. The action of the two societies in uniting in missionary work is a historical fact of wide publicity and much quoted in favor of the wisdom of interdenominational federation. As a new class is received but once in three years the attendance remains the same as last year, six in the higher department and twelve in the lower. The students of the school have shown fine evangelistic zeal in supplying places on the plan of the local church and organizing revival services, resulting in many conversions. The work of the term just closed has been seriously interrupted by the illness of Mr. Luke for three weeks, then by the illness of Mr. Taylor during the last six weeks of the term. The new pros­ pectus which will be printed in attractive form will be circulated throughout. South Africa and it is hoped that a good entering class may be secured for 1913. Primary Schools.—There have been 53 schools in operation under this department during this year. This is an increase of four schools over last year. In these schools there have been 104 teachers employed regularly and 3,665 pupils in attendance. Ten schools have secured government grants since the last report. The grants which will be received for these ten schools alone will amount to about £90 a quarter, £360 a year. The total grants received from the Government for the year have amounted to £2602-13-1. The grants for the preceding year were £2159-4-2. The increase during the year in grants received has been £543-8-11. The fees from the non-reserve schools have amounted to £111-3-0 . Two new school buildings have been completed during the year at Itafamasi and Mapumulo. Each of these buildings cost £830 and with the furnishing with American desks, etc., have cost about £1,000 each. In response to an appeal to the Government the mission was able to secure a grant for £1330 from the Government’s share of the reserve funds to assist in erecting buildings at Imfume and Umtwalume. A complete new system of bookkeeping has been introduced during the year. Complete inventories of all the material interests of the schools, individually, have been taken. Very much has been done in getting the payment of the salaries of the teachers on a satisfactory basis. A system of promotions is being gradually Missions in Africa 55 introduced, which still further adds to the systematizing of the work. Much time and thought and expense as well has been given to getting all the schools properly furnished. These primary schools develop in the Zulu children character and a spirit of usefulness. Rhodesia, ML Silinda School.—The character of the school has changed very materially during the year; many of the older boys have gone to work in the larger towns or at the mines and the proportion of small day scholars is larger than usual. The Chindau language is displacing the Zulu in the instruction. The government inspector commended the singing, sewing, and method of teaching English. Graduates of the schools are highly spoken of by their employers as “ clean, respectable, faithful and efficient.” Chikore.— A t Chikore with 275 pupils enrolled and only two teachers who have any idea of school methods to assist Mr. and Mrs. King, the situation can be little short of desperate, as Mr. King reports it. The increasing number of girls coming from the kraals and imploring to be allowed to stay makes the need of the teacher promised from America imperative. The work of the schools both at Mt. Silinda and Chikore has been seriously hindered by the scarcity of food. West Africa, Day Schools.-—The mission faces a new era in secondary education. Prejudices and suspicion have melted away. Widespread favor has been won. On every side villages are calling for schools. The truth is that the mission has attempted the heroic policy of putting its entire constituency into the school. The very success of the effort is now the work’s embarrassment. So rapid has expansion become that this task of universal educa­ tion is hardly possible of accomplishment—certainly not along old lines. Under the changed conditions the largest results will now be attained by concentrated attention upon those commonly designated as of “school age.” Intention will now be the pre­ requisite of extension. More and better equipped teacher-evan- gelists is the key to future success. The day schools are the special province of the missionaries of the Woman’s Boards. Native boys and young men are extensively used as assistant teachers in the station schools and as heads and assistants in the outstations. The school course is very elementary for the most part comprising reading and writing in the vernacular, arithmetic, some English and the Bible. It is the purpose of 56 Missions in Africa the mission now to have the Portuguese language used in the schools. Training Institute.—The institute for educational and industrial training of native workers, of which we have spoken so long, seems near being realized. Upon the recommendation of a special com­ mittee of the mission that made an exploration tour of the country looking for the proper site, the mission met in August at Dondi and decided that that location was, all things considered, the best possible for the institute. Dondi is near the very heart of the mission, only twelve or thirteen hours from Bailundo. It is within three miles of the proposed railroad. It contains a forest bordering upon and surrounding the head waters of several streams that find their sources in the region. It has excellent bottom land for wheat. There are good falls and rapids five miles up the river where the stream would give a body of water twelve feet wide, with a depth of fully two feet, and a total fall of fifty feet for mill pur­ poses as well as for irrigation. Good timber is quite plentiful, not only in the woods, but also in gorges along the banks of several nearby streams. The soil appeared to be equal to the average found anywhere and even surpassing that of some districts. The health conditions are first-class, the elevation being in the neigh­ borhood of 6,000 feet. The view is good. The missionaries all believe that they have a fine place, with most, if not all, the requirements. Some kind of graphite, said to be coal, has been found near the site; also tin. There are also three falls of the Kutatu River, three and one-half miles above the site, which could be brought to the station, should the fall nearby prove to be too small; thus a 150-foot fall could be secured for power and irrigation. Primarily, the new institute will aim to equip preachers and teachers. Specialization will come in due season. The industrial department will provide training, at least in carpentry, agriculture and printing. Preachers and teachers will require some knowledge of tools and farming as part of their equipment for leadership, but provision must also be made for specialization in trades by those destined to take their place in the community as Christian laymen. Besides meeting such aims, it is believed that the institute will indirectly assist in supplying both incentive and necessity for the unification and improvement in the lower school system. If the Institute is primarily to serve the Ovimbundu it is well that it is located near the center of population. The fundamental need of the Missions in Africa 57 mission is a trained native agency. This need can now be met by the establishment of the institute, the scope of which will be broad enough to include the training of pastors and Bible workers, school­ teachers, artisans and farmers. Mr. Bell has been chosen by the mission as the first principal. Mr. Cattell will take up work at the Institute after a year’s study of the language at Chisamba. The Canada Congregational Society will carry the chief financial responsibility for the institute. It is to be hoped that the Government may concede the land to the mission. Central Girls' Boarding School.—The Mission, at its last meeting, decided that 'there should be established a central girls’ boarding school, to which girls may come from any part of the field. The deputation decided upon Kamundongo as the most suitable loca­ tion for such a school, but that was before the site of the present Institute was determined. There is now the thought of locating it at Dondi. The course of study would of necessity be elementary, with considerable emphasis placed on the practical side,—sewing, housekeeping, homemaking and agriculture. The preparation of school-teachers would come later. Naturally there would be many difficulties in the way of starting such a school. But if the expan­ sion of the South African Mission has proved anything it is the inestimable value of just this type of institution, begun and built up in the face of fierce antagonism born of such customs as trammel the girls of the West African district. Educational Board.—The Mission has appointed a Board of Education, which is composed of those who know the language and people and schools and conditions. It is hoped that this will produce an educational system which shall be practical, thorough, spiritual, in a word, effective in advancing the Kingdom.

Literary and Press Work Bible Revision.■—-In the Zulu Mission Mr. Taylor is at work upon the revision of the Zulu Bible. The Old Testament, except for the final proof-reading of the portion from II Samuel to Malachi, has been finished; the portion from Genesis to Ruth is on the press. The New Testament revision is completed to Acts. Dr. Stover, of West Africa, has revised the gospels of Matthew and Mark, which were printed on the old Mission toy press, as it was called by the Deputation. The gospel of John is now in the 58 Missions in Africa hands of the Revision Committee. The Epistle to the Romans has also been revised. Dr. Stover works in connection with a special committee of the Mission upon scripture translation. New Hymn Book.—The revised Zulu hymn book is selling in large quantities. Four million, one hundred and fifty-one thousand, four hundred and fifty pages were printed for the mission. A New Press.—For a long time there has been need in the West Africa Mission of a larger press, more type and a stereotype outfit. The old press, worn out long since and now utterly disabled, has continued on duty in a grinding way, causing aching hearts as well as aching backs. The Umbundu English and English Umbundu vocabulary, as well as Bible revisions and a reprinting of the primer, have been printed on this old press. The press at Bailundu also is in such an invalid condition that it has been impossible to do as large a work as is necessary for the churches and schools of the field. It is now possible to report, by special gift from a friend of the work, the securing of a new press with necessary outfit. In all likelihood this new printing plant will be eventually placed at Dondi, in connection with the new institute, though it may be set up for awhile in some other location.

Medical Zulu Branch.—Dr. and Mrs. James B. McCord with Miss MacNeil, head nurse, have resided in Durban where Dr. McCord has a very large and growing practice among the native people and the missionaries of various societies who seek his skill. His dispensary down in the city is thronged with native patients and his hospital is overflowing with in-patients. He needs an assistant doctor. During the year 4,300 dispensary patients were treated. They came from all parts of Natal and Zululand, and from the regions beyond. The receipts in the dispensary for the year amounted to £ 1754, leaving a balance of £ 117. Hospital patients numbered 163, of which 59 were major operations. There has been a class of five nurses in training in the hospital and their progress has been satisfactory. Rhodesia.—In the year 1911-1912, of the 2,518 treatments, 326 were mission workers, 201 Europeans, 744 pupils and 1,247 other natives. To these figures should be added 1,805 vaccinations, undertaken at the request and expense of the government. Two facts should be noted in connection with the medical work M issions in Africa 59 of the year: one that the missionaries, natives at the stations and the Europeans in the vicinity of Mt. Silinda have enjoyed better health than the previous year; the other that the multiplicity of duties which fell upon Dr. Lawrence prevented his going out among the people as it was expected he would when he was located at Mt. Silinda. Furthermore he had little time for the careful diagnosis of cases which the training of both of our doctors at the School of Tropical Medicine has made them feel is necessary to the successful treatment of cases in a tropical country.

Dr. Lawrence Practising in Camp

Xo medical fees are paid by the mission workers or the pupils; an effort is made to secure something from other natives, but it amounts to very little, consequently the financial return in this department nearly all comes from the European patients outside the mission. During the year ten Europeans have been received as in-patients into the doctor’s home and they have been nursed by missionary ladies who had neither time nor strength for the work. We are rejoiced that funds have been secured for the sending of a trained nurse. The fund for the completion and equipment of the Harriet May Raine Hospital Ward lacks about $650 of the $2,000 6o Missions in Africa which Dr. Thompson was given permission to raise. Work has commenced on the hospital. One of the Christian schoolboys has been assisting in the dispensary work for nearly two years and has been taught something of the work of a “dresser.” The medical missionaries are brought into close contact with the darker side of heathenism. West Africa.—Our work of medical relief is more extensive than would seem to be indicated by the presence of our three medical missionaries. Miss Stover at Bailundo and Miss Woodside at Ochileso are trained nurses and are accomplishing much good through their dispensaries. Moreover, all the missionaries are called upon to treat medical cases, and most of them have equipped themselves for the service by special attention to the subject. Probably in none of our fields can medical relief be more inter­ woven with the spiritual work of the mission than in Angola. This makes it exceedingly important that the medical missionary should be an all-round man. We regret that the pressure upon the physicians is such at the stations that they are seldom able to do touring or even to settle for a few days at outstations. Dr. Hollenbeck, while escorting the deputation to Ochileso, was besought by the sick at every village where they stopped. The fact of the presence of a doctor would spread like wildfire and in a few minutes patients would be gather­ ing about our tent. In carrying the Gospel to the larger part of the Ovimbundu, not yet reached, evidently the work of the medical missionary will have a prominent place. The Portuguese officials and traders, together with other white settlers, look to our physicians for medical treatment; and we are glad to find that not a few of them are being won over to a" friendly attitude by such attentions. Owing to their special train­ ing in the London School for Tropical Diseases, the doctors are able to render expert aid in the critical cases which arise from time to time. Chisamba station is now seriously handicapped by the departure of its physicians on furlough. Chiyaka has been strengthened by the arrival of Dr. Moffatt, who is building up a good practice among both whites and natives. Missions in Africa 6 i

Industrial Zulu Mission.—The industrial work in connection with the Jubilee School at Amanzimtoti and the other schools of the Zulu Branch, has been spoken of under the head of education. Rhodesia.—At Mt. Silinda there has been some activity in the line of building. The stable for the medical department has been built; also a tile roof has been put on an out-building connected with Mission House No. 2; extensive repairs have been made to the house occupied by Dr. Thompson. The house occupied by Dr. Lawrence is by no means finished, but has been made habitable. An extension 22 x 40 is being built to the shop. This will increase the shop room 75 per cent., will furnish better work room for the carpentry class and make possible the separation of the wood working machinery from the metal. From special donations one of the school-boys built a blacksmith shop and an oil house. The sawmill has been in operation 52 days and 48,000 feet of timber sawn, 5,000 square feet planed and matched, 40 tons of grain ground. Toward the end of the year the bolting mill was used for the first time, making it possible to provide better food for the boys and girls in the boarding schools and for the men in our -employ. A clay bed has been found in the forest much nearer the Mt. Silinda station which will make it possible to give more careful oversight and materially lessen the expense of hauling the bricks and tiles. In the carpentry class there have been ten boys. At Chikore the boys in the boarding department have a new house 54 x 15 built of logs with thatched roof, a great improvement over the quarters occupied by most of them before in the cattle kraal. A new roof has been put on the school building and a shop is being built for the new carpenter’s tools. Much work has been done on the new mission -house by the school-boys. One hundred and twenty-two acres have been under cultivation at the two stations and in spite of the drought and the failure of crops through­ out Rhodesia, the corn crop will be fully three times what it was last year and the ten acres of beans will furnish a relish for their “sadza,” which will rejoice the hearts of the boys. The girls have not been idle; in the school they have made a large number of dresses, shirts, coats and trousers; the girls in the boarding home have cultivated twelve acres with the hoe alone and in this year of famine they are reaping a most abundant crop of mungoza. Gov­ ernment is now giving $295 per annum to the Chikore school for 62 Missions in Africa the instruction given in laundry work. This is the second grant for industrial training which the mission has secured from govern­ ment. West A frica.—A change is coming over the industrial situation among the natives of Angola which has an important bearing upon our work. More attention is being given to agriculture and the industries. Agricultural development and enterprise among the pagans are rendered practically impossible by reason of a strange superstition. The natives have the idea that any man who is particularly prosperous must be bewitched. Under this heading we may also call attention to the building of roads by the Portu­ guese. As a result of the native uprising in 1902, the government

A Wagon Team in South Africa began the construction of roads for the moving of troops. These roads are crude affairs. At the same time these highways are a great advance upon the native paths. Such roads connect all of our stations. As the government system of roads becomes im­ proved and extended it is bound to have an important influence upon the habits of the people and the development of the country. On the industrial side this mission has another advantage. In Angola the teaching of trades involves no clashing with Portuguese artisans. Native tradesmen instead of facing the antagonism of white trade-unions, as in South Africa, are here accorded free scope. These, then, are factors that will encourage the Mission in moulding its educational policy. But in order to grasp its oppor­ tunity the Mission will require liberal support from the Board. Africa is par excellence the field for industrial missions, since here we are called upon to build a civilization from the very bottom. Under such a condition the practical side of mission work is bound Missions in Africa 63 to come to the front and to receive an emphasis which we would not expect or desire in such lands as Turkey and India. Moreover, the sphere of the African would seem to be clearly marked out as that of agriculture and the arts. Into whatever higher realms individual Africans may rise from time to time, it is evident that the great mass of the people must be occupied with hand work. Add the considerations that the African is naturally averse to hard labor, that he shows a special aptitude for hand craft when he applies himself, and that the rapid settlement of the continent by whites creates for him an industrial crisis, and we have a combi­ nation of factors pointing clearly to a large place for industrialism in our educational scheme. Our missionaries have been fully alive to these facts. From the first, industrial training has been given a more prominent place than book-learning in our schools. This mission certainly is not open to the criticism which has been launched against some African work, that it is top-heavy—too much head work and not enough hand work! In estimating the character and quality of our work in this de­ partment, we need to keep in mind three aims which industrial workers seem to have before them in mission lands. There is first the purpose to employ the native in construction work in connec­ tion with mission property and equipment, thereby teaching the natives the use of tools, and helping them to obtain support while securing an education, as well as aiding the mission. A second object is to turn out trained mechanics and farmers who shall accredit themselves and the mission by following these occupations throughout life. And finally there is the manual training theory pure and simple, by which handcraft is taught as educationally important, aside from its practical bearings. To these three general aims the West Central Africa missionaries seem to have added a fourth, which may be regarded as their special contribution to the working out of the industrial missionary problem. Paying little attention, if any, to the third aim, that of manual training, and not carrying very far the purpose to turn out skilled mechanics, they have taught the station boys so much of practical work, carpentry blacksmithing, brick making and laying, as they could, for the purpose of equipping them as teachers and^ preachers. In this way they have solved in a measure the problem of self-support for the workers, and at the same time have sent into the villages men who could show the practical benefits of Christianity, as^well 64 Missions in Africa as teach its saving doctrines. It has been found that a teacher and preacher who can make window and door frames and fashion simple furniture is in greater demand than one who can teach only reading, writing and arithmetic, and exhort on the Sabbath. Naturally the amount of industrial training under this system is very little. The missionaries, ordained and medical, have simply given the odds and ends of their time to the shops and have taught what they themselves had picked up. Fortunately nearly all our missionaries in this field were brought up on farms and have been equipped for practical w~ork far beyond what one would expect. Within such limitations they have accomplished surprising results. All we can urge is that this department be developed as much as possible by the furnishing of the mission with qualified workers, as is already done at Chisamba. The institute will naturally provide the higher grade of industrial training, leaving the simpler processes to be carried on much as at present at the station schools.

♦ THE MISSION INSTITUTIONS

ZULU BRANCH

U n io n T h e o l o g ic a l C o l l e g e , I m p o l w e n i .—T his is the end of the second year of union theological work with the United Free Church Mission. A n ew class is received only once in three years, so the attendance is about the same as last year, six in the higher department and 12 in the lower. Better class room and dormitory accommodations must be provided.

A m a n z im t o t i S e m i n a r y a n d U n io n N o r m a l S c h o o l .— The teaching staff includes 12, seven of whom are European. Four departments: academic, nor­ mal, industrial and agricultural. Strict examinations in all departments. A t­ tendance in the normal school was 66, of whom 27 were young men and 39 young women; in all other departments 112 ; total enrollment, 178. A third year has been added to the normal course, which is under three qualified European teachers, and holds first rank among the normal schools of Natal. Fifty-seven students received the government teacher’s certificate. Fees from students were £725 and grant from the government of £986. Normal department only school of its kind in N a t a l.

I n a n d a S e m i n a r y f o r G i r l s .— There are two standards, the higher with 202 pupils, the lower with 54; average attendance, 130. As the grade of the school advances, the lower standard becomes smaller. Staff consists of 5 white and 5 native teachers. Thirty-six were church members. There is a call for more teachers and an adequate water supply. Laundry, sewing, dressmaking, housewifery, agriculture taught.

U m z u m b e H o m e S c h o o l f o r G i r l s .— The faculty of three Europeans and six Missions in Africa 65 native teachers have brought the school up to a high grade of efficiency. Highest enrollment for the year, 97. Dressmaking, sewing, housework, laundry and other industrial phases. A domestic science teacher is called for.

Industrial and Agricultural Work

A t A m a n z im t o t i.— Educational rather than utilitarian value of industrial work is kept uppermost. A new building has been completed for the industrial department of Amanzimtoti Seminary at a cost of £400. The agricultural work is claiming the attention of the government, and they may be ready to finance the department, if an agricultural graduate is placed at the head. Every student is responsible for the cultivation of a garden.

A t I n a n d a .— About 65 girls in the seminary have had valuable industrial training in the laundry. Class-room talks have dealt with the laundry work and the practice has included all phases of this branch of domestic science. The government gives a grant in aid. Sewing and dressmaking are taught four to six hours a week. More systematic instruction in housewifery was attempted. In agriculture, field work was carried on as heretofore by students of the lower grade. Crops were not so good as usual, not over 175 bushels. Agriculture should be taught more scientifically to fit the girls for farming.

A t U m z u m b e .— An industrial class of 1 3 girls has been formed in the Home School, taking up sewing, dressmaking, including cutting and fitting, knitting, laundry work, cooking and practical housework. Also had lessons in physiology, hygiene and domestic science. The work was highly successful; but a trained domestic science teacher is needed. The laundry and apparatus has been en­ larged. The crops were a total failure owing to drought.

Medical Work Hospital and dispensary at Durban. One doctor, one American nurse. Pa­ tients from all parts of Natal, Zululand and the regions beyond; 4,300 dispen­ sary cases; of the 163 patients in the hospital, 44 were maternity cases, 59 major and 39 minor operations, and 55 not requiring operation. A class of five in training for nurses. The influence and effectiveness of the work could be doubled, if a second physician were on the ground. The receipts amounted to £1754.

RHODESIA BRANCH

M t. S i l i n d a S c h o o l s .— The total enrollment was 214 for the boarding schools. The boys’ school had 78 in the boarding department and 43 day pupils, while the girls’ school had 53 and 40 in the corresponding departments. Indus­ trial instruction: Sawmill, carpentry, brickmaking, farming, rud.ments of forestry. Also spinning, weaving, sewing and housework. Government grants. The day pupils are increasing. A man for principal and normal work is an imperative demand.

C h i k o r e S c h o o l s .— Pupils, 275. For these there were only two native teachers besides the missionaries. The number of girls from the kraals wishing to enter the boarding department is on the increase. Improvement in industrial work. Government grants. 5 66 Missions in Africa

Industrial Work

The sawmill at Mt. Silinda in 52 days sawred 48,000 feet of timber, and 5,000 square feet were planed and matched. The carpentry class of ten boys made 17 window sashes and 8 doors for a school building, besides all the doors, win­ dows and flooring for the new mission house. The boys have helped extensively in building operations at both stations. Brick and tile making are enhanced by the discovery of a clay bed near Mt. Silinda. In spite of the drought and failure of crops, 122 acres have been under culti­ vation at the two stations. The corn crop will be three times that of last year. Ten acres were sown in beans. Forty tons of grain w'ere ground, and fine flour is now obtainable on the premises, giving more wrholesome and cheaper food. The girls have done their part of the work, making a quantity of clothing, cultivating 12 acres, besides the spinning and weaving. Instruction in housework was given 22 girls, working in the homes of the missionaries. A class of 12 is doing excellent work in the laundry, for which the government grants annually $295. Medical Work Figures furnished showT x,737 new cases treated. Attendances on mission workers were 326; on Europeans, 20 1; on pupils, 744; on other natives, 1,247; in all, 2,518. A t the request and expense of the government, 1,805 vaccinations were undertaken. Four hundred and eighty-seven dollars were collected in fees, largely from European patients outside the mission. Ten Europeans were received into the doctor's home as in-patients. Funds for the hospital building are increasing and construction work has begun. A trained nurse is on the way to the field. A young man is being trained to assist as a dresser. The health of missionaries and natives was markedly better than a year ago.

WEST CENTRAL AFRICA

O c h i l e s o B o ys’ a n d G i r l s ’ S c h o o l s .—T h e studies in these two schools cover about the same ground. The chart, blackboard and primer are the principal means of instruction. The simplest course in wanting and arithmetic is given and some of them learn to read and sing. The Bible and “ Pilgrim’s Progress" furnish valuable lessons. No statistics available.

O c h i l e s o C h i l d r e n ’ s S c h o o l .— Two departments, the primary school and kindergarten. The work is adapted to the climate and the ability of the pupils. A few are taught in methods in order to carry the work into the outstations.

K a m u n d o n g o B o y s ’ S c h o o l .— The enrollment was 57 with an average attendance of 38. The most advanced class had lessons in Portuguese. Bible lessons in the Old and N e w Testament, drawing and oral lessons in physiology and geography were in the course.

K a m u n d o n g o G i r l s ’ S c h o o l .— Total enrollment, 53; average attendance, 46. The influence of the school over those girls who are at the station for only a limited period is helpful. About the same studies were given as in the boys’ school. Progress was evinced principally in reading and writing. Text-books #re urgently needed. The boarding department, which was started in 1910, has Missions in Africa 67 fully justified its ideals. Fifteen girls are in the school home; many others would come if accommodations were available.

K a m u n d o n g o C h i l d r e n ’s S c h o o l — Included all boys and girls on the station up to 12 years of age. Highest enrollment was 53; average attendance, 41. The grade of work is that of the first and second primary in America. Three young men were used as assistants, as a training for teaching. An arithmetic for this school is being printed in America, but other text-books are needed.

C h i y a k a S c h o o l s .— A new schoolhouse has been built, which is used also for religious services. Pupils registered were 102, with an average attendance of 58; in the men’s school, 86; in the woman’s school, 16. The instruction is divided between Mr. and Mrs. Ennis. The former has the more advanced classes in reading, writing, composition, arithmetic, geography and Portuguese. Mrs. Ennis, assisted by six of the older pupils, has had charge of the elementary work. A school for women and girls was maintained part of the year. Two sewing classes were conducted.

B a il u n d o S c h o o l s .— The boys’ and girls’ schools enrolled 250 and the kindergarten 100.

C h i s a m b a S c h o o l s .— Twelve schools with 1,638 pupils.

I n d u s t r i a l a n d T r a i n i n g I n s t i t u t e , D o n d i.—T he site for the proposed institute has been selected and some tem porary structures erected.

Medical Work

A t C h i s a m b a .— The mission hospital is located at this station, where all major operations are performed. A dispensary is connected with the hospital. Total treatments were 16,000. Two physicians on staff; the hospital was ham­ pered by their absence on furlough.

A t K a m u n d o n g o .-—Maintains a dispensary, where 2 ,9 2 0 treatments were given. Patients were fewer because of better health conditions. Cases were principally for sores, broken bones, fevers, and a few for leprosy and tuberculosis, One physician in charge of all the work.

A t C h i y a k a .— One dispensary and no physician. Considerable time was given by the resident missionary to minor treatments for malaria, tropical sores and diseases. Instruction in better hygienic methods of living. Total treat­ ments about 1,000. A fine opening for a hospital and physician.

A t B a il u n d o .— Dispensary gave 6,000 treatments.

A t Oc h il e s o .— Dispensary; about 6,000 treatments.

Industrial Work More or less of this work is carried on in all the stations, both with a view to help in building and as a part of the training in the schools. Chisamba leads in this class of work and a new industrial man is on the field to develop operations. Carpentry is the leading industry and graduates of the department frequently 68 Missions in Africa

become self-supporting. Students make doors, windows, chairs, tables. A little attention has been given to agriculture; seeds were given out for trial and better methods of cultivation suggested.

T h e P r e s s .— During the year 584,000 pages were struck off the mission press at Kamundongo and 25,000 from the small press at Bailundo. The new vocabu­ lary and the revision of Matthew occupied the principal attention of the mis­ sionaries. -Missions in Africa 69

TABLE OF STATISTICS FOR 1911

i Zulu Rhodesia W. Africa ! Total

Population of field...... 296,000 22,000 83,000 401,000

Stations...... 9: 2 5i 16 Outstations...... 29 5 33| 67

Missionaries, total...... 28 1 7 32 7 7 Ordained...... 10 3 8; 21 Physicians and others...... I 5 ; A1 10 W ives...... 9 8 9 26 Single women...... 8 2 11 21 Special service...... 18 2 20

Native laborers, total...... 692 I61 221 ‘ 929 Ordained preachers...... 11 11 Unordained preachers...... 18 6 4 9 1 7 3 Teachers...... 121 8 I 3 9 i 268 Bible women...... i ! 3 : 1 4 Other helpers...... 5 4 2 I 20 563

Congregations...... 273 10 52 3 3 5 Organized churches...... 26 2 5 3 3 Communicants...... 6,088 2 4 9 : 888 7,225 Added, 19 11 ...... 570 26 205 801 Adherents...... 16,950 400 11,500 28,850 Sunday schools...... 65 2 8 7 5 S. S. membership...... 3,122 250 3,000 6 , 3 7 2

Schools, total...... 74 5' 47 126 Students in theol...... 18 18 Boarding and High Schools...... 3 3 : I 7 Students...... 4 5 5 1 5 1 15 621 Other schools...... 70 2 46 118 Students...... 4 » ! 3 2 466 4 , 4 5 0 9,048 Total students...... 4,605 5871 4 , 4 6 5 9,657

Hospitals...... I 1! I 3 Dispensaries...... i 1; 5 7 Patients...... 163 i ,737 10,000 11,900 Treatments...... 4,300 2,518! 31,920 38,798

Native contributions...... $14,292 $ 351 $ 417 $14,724 The Turkey Missions

Stations: Location and Special Work of Missionaries

EUROPEAN TURKEY MISSION

P hilippopolis (1858).— George D. Marsh, D .D ., ordained: General work. Mrs. Ursula C. Marsh: Woman’s work. Lyle D. Woodruff, ordained: Language study. Mrs. Alma S. Woodruff: Language study.

S a m o k o v (1867).— John W. Baird, ordained: Literary and educational work. Mrs. Ellen R. Baird: Work for women. Robert Thomson, ordained: Literary and educational work. Mrs. Agnes C. Thomson: Work for women. Leroy F. Ostrander, ordained: Principal of Collegiate and Theological Institute. Mrs. Mary L. Ostrander: Work for women. Reuben H. Markham, ordained; Lan­ guage study; secretary of the mission. Mrs. Mary G. Markham: Language study. Miss Mary M. Haskell: General evangelistic work for women. Miss Agnes M. Baird: Educational work. Miss Inez L. Abbott: Principal of Girls’ Boarding School. Miss Edith L. Douglass: Language study; teacher in Girls’ Boarding School.

R e s i d i n g a t S o f i a .—James F. Clarke, D.D., ordained: Temperance work. Theodore T. Holway, ordained: Educational and evangelistic work. Mrs. Eliza­ beth H. Holway: Work for women. Miss Elizabeth C. Clarke: Kindergarten and work for women and girls.

M o n a s t ir (1873).—William P. Clarke, ordained: Evangelistic and educa­ tional work. Mrs. Martha G. Clarke: Miss Mary L. Matthews: Principal of Girls' Boarding school. Miss Delpha Davis: Language study; educational work.

S a l o n i c a (1894).— Edward B. Haskell, D.D., ordained: Evangelistic and edu­ cational work. Mrs. Elizabeth F. Haskell: Work for women. William C. Cooper, ordained: Evangelistic work. Mrs. Eugenia F. Cooper: Work for women.

K o r t c h a , A l b a n i a (1908).— Phineas B. Kennedy, ordained: Evangelistic and educational work. Mrs. Violet B. Kennedy: Educational and work for women.

E l b a s a n , A l b a n i a (1910).— Charles T. Erickson, ordained: Evangelistic and educational work. Mrs. Carrie E. Erickson.

On furlough.— J. Henry House, D.D., ordained; Mrs. Addie B. House. Dr. and Mrs. House have come to this country for their furlough, and Dr. and Mrs. Edward B. Haskell have returned to the mission after a period of rest. Miss Abbott has also returned after more than a year spent in this country in behalf of the Girls' School. Dr. and Mrs. H. C. Haskell after nearly fifty years of devoted service have resigned from the work of the mission. Miss Maltbie also, after many years of loving and constructive service in the Girls’ School at 70 Missions in Turkey 71

Samokov and over forty years in the mission, owing to a shock of apoplexy has been compelled to come to the home land. Few missionaries have more deeply won the confidence and affection of their associates in the work than these. On April 1 8th Mr. Cooper was married to Miss Eugenia Frohlich, sister of Mrs. E. B. Haskell. Mr. and Mrs. Thomson, after a few months’ absence, will return to the mission. WESTERN TURKEY MISSION

S m y r n a (1820).— Alexander MacLachlan. ordained: President of International College. Mrs. Rose H. MacLachlan. Samuel L. Caldwell: Professor in Inter­ national College. Mrs. Carrie B. Caldwell. Edward Riggs, D.D., ordained: Evangelistic work. Mrs. Sarah H. Riggs. Cass A. Reed, ordained: Language study; teaching in International College. J. Riggs Brewster, ordained: Language study; educational work. S. Ralph Harlowr, ordained: Language study; evan­ gelistic work. Mrs. Marion S. Harlow: Language study. Miss Emily McCal- lum: Principal of Collegiate Institute for Girls. Miss Ilse C. Pohl: Teacher in Collegiate Institute for Girls.

C onstantinople (18 31).— William W . Peet: Business agent and treasurer of the four Turkey missions; in charge of governmental interests of American mis­ sionaries in Turkey. Mrs. Martha H. Peet. Charles T. Riggs, ordained: Secretary of the mission; Greek evangelical wrork and editor of The Orient. Mrs. Mary R. S. Riggs. Frederick W . Macallum, D.D., ordained: Publication work. Mrs. Henrietta W . Macallum. Arthur C. Ryan, ordained: Language study: evangelistic work. Mrs. Sarah H. Ryan: Language study. Mrs. Etta D. Mar- den: In charge of evangelistic, industrial and Sunday School wrork at Gedik Pasha. Miss Annie M . Barker: Teacher in Gedik Pasha School. Miss Mary M. Patrick, Ph.D.: President of American College for Girls. Miss Isabel F. Dodd: Professor in American College for Girls. Miss Ida W. Prime: Professor in American College for Girls.

R e s i d i n g AT A d a b a z a r .— Miss M ary E. Kinney: Principal of A d a b a z a r High School.

R e s i d i n g a t B a r d i z a g .— James P. McNaughton, ordained: Acting Principal of Bithynia High School. Mrs. Rebecca G. McNaughton.

R e s i d i n g a t B r o u s a .— Miss Jennie L. Jillson: Principal of Girls’ High School. Miss Annie T. Allen: Teaching in Girls’ High School. Miss Edith F. Parsons: Language study; teaching in Girls’ High School.

T r e b iz o n d (1835).— Lyndon S. Crawford, ordained: General work of the station. Mrs. Olive T . Crawford: Work for women. Miss Nellie A. Cole, Kindergartner: Language study.

S i v a s (18 51).— Henry T . Perry, D .D., ordained: Evangelistic work. Mrs. M ary E . H. Perry: Work for women. C. Ernest Clark, M .D .: Charge of hospital and general medical work. Mrs. Ina V. Clark: Work for women. Ernest C. Partridge, ordained: Principal of Silvas Teachers’ College; evangelistic work. Mrs. Winona G. Partridge: Work for women. C. Henry Holbrook, ordained: Language study; station treasurer; teaching. Miss M ary L. Graffam: Principal of Girls’ High School; general work for women. Miss Nina E. Rice: Teacher in Girls' High School. Miss Mary C. Fowle: Educational work. 72 Missions in Turkey

M a r s o v a n (1852).— Charles C. Tracy, D.D., ordained: President of Anatolia College. Mrs. Myra P. Tracy. George E. White, D.D., ordained: Dean of Anatolia College; president of Mission Theological Seminary. Mrs. Esther R, White. Jesse K . Marden, M .D .: In charge of hospital and general medical work. Mrs. Lucy H. Marden: Work for women. Dana K. Getchell: Educational work. Mrs. Susan R. Getchell: Work for women. Ernest C. Pye, ordained: Language study; educational work. Mrs. DeEtta D. Pye: Language study. Mrs. Sarah S. Smith: Charge of Boys’ Home. Miss Charlotte R. Willard: Principal of Girls’ Boarding School. Miss Mary I. Ward: Teacher in Girls’ Boarding School.

C e s a r e a ( T a l a s ), (1854).— Henry K. Wingate, ordained: Evangelistic work; principal of Boys’ High School. Mrs. Jane C. Wingate: Work for women. Herbert M. Irwin, ordained: Evangelistic and educational work. Mrs. Genevieve D. Irwin: Work for women. Aldcn R. Hoover, M.D.: In charge of hospital and general medical work. Mrs. Esther F. Hoover. Miss Fannie E . Burrage: Kin­ dergarten and work for women. Miss Stella N. Loughridge: Principal of Girls’ High School. Miss Susan W. Orvis: Teacher in Girls’ High School. Miss Ade­ laide S. Dwight: Teacher in Girls’ High School. Miss Clara C. Richmond: Kin­ dergarten work. Miss Theda B. Phelps: Language study;,,nursing and hospital work.

On furlough.—Henry S. Barnum, D.D., ordained; Mrs. Helen R. Barnum; Robert Chambers, D.D., ordained; Mrs. Elizabeth L. Chambers; James L. Fowle, ordained; Mrs. Caroline P. Fowle; Charles K. Tracy, ordained; Mrs. May S. Tracy: Theodore A. Elmer, ordained; Mrs. Henrietta M. Elmer; Miss Minnie B. Mills; Miss Anna B. Jones. Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— (Constantinople), Mr. Carl Scheibel; (Gedik Pasha), Miss Bertha Morley, Miss Jessie Holeman; (Brousa), Miss Janet McNaughton; (Marsovan), Miss Caldwell, Miss Isabelle C. Darrow, Miss Anna H. McCoy, Miss Moore, Miss Fanny G. Noyes, Miss Emma Pressett, Miss Mary E. Tracy, Miss Margaret White, Mr. Walter James; (Smyrna), Mr. Walter Everett, Mr. and Mrs. C. W. Lawrence, Miss Clara D. Lawrence, Miss Annie E. Pinneo, Miss Emily V. Moore, Miss Olive Greene; (Adabazar), Miss Sophie S. Holt; (Bardezag), Mr. and Mrs. John H. Kingsbury, Miss Sophia Newnham; (Sivas); Miss Ida M. L. Ash, Miss Katherine Stuckey, Miss Marie Zenger. Dr. and Mrs. Barnum, Dr. and Mrs. Robert Chambers, Mr. and Mrs. C. K. Tracy. Mr. and M rs. Elmer and Miss Mills have come home for their furlough. Mr. and Mrs. Fowle are still held in this country for health reasons. Dr. and Mrs. Herrick, after rounding out 50 years of service have retired from the mission. Dr. Herrick’s language was Turkish and his work has brought him into the closest relations with the Mohammedans, with whom he has always maintained relations and friendship. Miss Powers, after nearly 45 years of service in western Turkey has been released from the regular work. Miss Platt, for family reasons, is detained in this country indefinitely. Miss Laura Farnham is also remaining in this country. Mr. and Mrs. Wingate, Dr. and Mrs. Perry, Mr. and Mrs. Getchell, Dr. and Mrs. Macallum, Miss Allen and Miss Prime have returned to their stations. Mr. and Mrs. McNaughton will reside at Bardezag during the absence of Dr. and Mrs. Chambers. Miss Helen Curtis was married to Luther R. Fowle of the Central Turkey Mission on September 10th. The mission has Missions in Turkey 73 been reinforced by the appointment of several new recruits: Mr. and -Mrs. Harlow, Mr. Reed and Mr. Brewster to be located at Smyrna, and Miss Parsons at Brousa, under regular appointment; and Miss Holeman for a term of three years at Gedik Pasha, Miss McNaughton for one year at Brousa, Miss Moore for three years and Miss Greene for one year at Smyrna, and Miss White for one year at Marso- van. Miss Ash has been employed for one year to fill the vacancy at Sivas made by the marriage of Miss Lillian F. Cole to Dr. Levon Sewny on July 25th.

CENTRAL TURKEY MISSION

A in t a b (1847).— John E. Merrill, Ph.D., ordained: President of Central Turkey College. Mrs. Isabel Trowbridge Merrill: Woman’s work and teaching. Fred­ erick D. Shepard, M .D .- Physician in charge of Azariah Smith Memorial Hospital. Mrs. Fanny P. Shepard- Work for women. John C. Martin, ordained: General work. Mrs. M ary I. Martin: Work for women. Luther R. Fowle: Language study; business agent. Mrs. Helen Curtis Fowle. Language study; work for women. Mrs. Margaret R. Trowbridge: Work for women. Miss Lucile Fore­ man: Principal of Girls’ Seminary and work for women. Miss Harriet C. Norton: Teacher in Girls’ Seminary. Miss Caroline F. Hamilton, M .D .: Physician in charge of Woman’s Department of Azariah Smith Memorial Hospital. Miss Alice C. Bewrer: Head nurse and superintendent of hospital.

A d a n a ( 1 8 5 2 ) .— Harold I . Gardner, ordained: Educational and evangelistic work. Mrs. Em ily F . Gardner: Genera) work for women. Cyril H. Haas, M.D.: Language study; medical wrork. Mrs. Ruth D. Haas: Language study; work for women. Miss Elizabeth S. Webb and Miss Mary G. Webb: Educational work and work for women. Miss S. Louise Peck: Educational work. Miss C. Grace Towner: Language study: educational work.

K e s s a b (1853).—

M a r a s h (1854).— Fred Field Goodsell, ordained: Teacher in Theological Seminary; general work. Mrs. Lulu S. Goodsell: Work for women. Edward C. Woodley, ordained: Language study: teacher in Theological Seminary. M r s. Edythe A. Woodley: Language study. Miss Ellen M. Blakely: President of Girls' College. Miss Annie E. Gordon and Miss Kate E. Ainslie: Teachers in Girls’ College; general educational and evangelistic work for women.

O o r f a (1854).— Francis H. Leslie, ordained: Language study: educational and industrial work.

T a r s u s (1859).— Thomas D - Christie, D .D., ordained: President of St. Paul’s Institute. Mrs. Carmelite B. Christie: Associate in Institute and general work for women. Mrs. M ary P. Rogers: Educational and evangelistic work.

H a d j i n (1872).— Miss Olive M. Vaughan and Miss Edith Cold: Educational work in connection with Girls’ High and Boarding School. On furlough.— William N. Chambers, D.D., ordained; Mrs. Cornelia P. W. Chambers; Miss Effie M. Chambers; Miss Isabella M. Blake. Associated with the mission, not under appointment (Aintab), Miss Martha Frear- son, Miss Elizabeth M . Trowbridge; (Adana), Miss Lucie Borel, Miss H. E . Wallis; (Oorfa), Mr. George F. Gracey. Misses Ida A. and Ina B. Verrill, (Marash), 74 Missions in Turkey

Miss Ella Buell, Miss Christina Hartman, Miss Agnes C. Salmond, Miss Alice Smith; (Tarsus), Miss Elizabeth Brewer, Mr. Paul E. Nilson. Dr. Chambers has returned to this country again to finish his furlough. Miss Effie Chambers and Miss Blake have also come home for their furlough. Mrs. Shepard returned to the mission during the year. M r. and Mrs. Gardner are to reside at Adana for a while on account of Mr. Gardner’s health. The mission has suffered a great loss in the death of Miss C. M . Welpton on October 1st from cholera. Mr. Mounts and Mr. Candy who joined the mission last year for a term of three years were obliged to return to the United States this year. There have been several new recruits appointed to the mission. Rev. and Mrs. Woodley are stationed at Marash for work in the Theological Seminary. Mr. Fowle is stationed at Aintab for educational work and also to act as business agent for the Mission. On September ioth Mr. Fowle was married to Miss Helen Curtis who had been for one year at Marsovan. Miss Grace Towner was appointed to work in the Girls’ Seminary at Adana. Mr. James K. Lyman has also been appointed for work in Marash and will join the mission some time next year.

EASTERN TURKEY MISSION

E r z r o o m (1839).— Robert S. Stapleton, ordained: In charge of all the general work of the station; treasurer of the station; general supervision of Boys' School. Mrs. Ida S. Stapleton, M.D.: Medical work for women and children and woman’s work. Edward P. Case, M.D., ordained: Language study; medical work. Mrs. Florence F. Case: Language study. Miss Eunice M. Atkins: In charge of Girls’ Boarding School. Miss Vina M. Sherman: Language study; teaching.

H a r p o o t (1855).— Henry II. Riggs, ordained: Evangelistic and educational work. Mrs. Emma B. Riggs: Work for women. Henry H . Atkinson, M.D.: In charge of Annie Tracy Riggs Memorial Hospital; general medical work for station. Mrs. Tacy A. Atkinson: Associate in medical work. Ernest W. Riggs, ordained: President of Euphrates College. Mrs. Alice S. Riggs: Lace industry and woman’s work. Mrs. Mary E. Barnum. Miss Mary W. Riggs and Miss Ellen W . Catlin: Associate teachers in Female Department of Euphrates College. Miss Isabelle Harley: Language study; kindergartner. Miss Dora J. Mattoon: Language study; general evangelistic work for women.

B i t l i s (1858).— George P. Knapp, ordained: Preaching and field work; teach­ ing in Boys’ and Girls' schools: secretary of the mission. Harrison A . Maynard, ordained: Principal of George C. Knapp Academy. Mrs. Mary W. Maynard: Work for women: teaching in Boys’ School. Miss Charlotte E. Ely and Miss Mary A. C. Ely: Charge of Mt. Holyoke Girls’ School and woman’s work for the entire field. Miss M ary D. Uline: Language study; teaching.

M a r d i n (1861).—Alpheus N. Andrus, ordained: Principal of Theological Seminary; literary and general work of the field. Mrs. Olive L. Andrus: Teach­ ing in Girls’ Boarding and High School; General work for women. Daniel M . B. Thom, M.D.: Medical work; treasurer of the station. Mrs. Helen D. Thom: Work for women. Richard S. M. Emrich, ordained: Principal of Boys’ Training School. Mrs. Jeannette W. Emrich: Lace industry. Mrs. Seraphina S. Dewey: General evangelistic work for women. Miss Diantha L. Dewey: Instructor in music and calisthenics; superintendent of city and village schools. Miss Johanna Missions in Turkey 75

L. Graf: Teacher in Girls’ Boarding and High School. Miss Agnes Fenenga: Principal of Girls’ Boarding and High School; general work for women. Miss Rachel B. North: Nurse; teacher of English Bible in High Schools; literary work on Bible lines.

V an* (1872).— George C. Raynolds, M .D., ordained: General work. Mrs- Martha W. Raynolds: Woman’s work; industrial work (rug making). Clarence D. Ussher, M .D ., ordained: In charge of hospital and general medical work of the station. Mrs. Elizabeth B. Ussher: Industrial work— (lace making). Miss Grisell M. M cLaren: Touring and general work. Miss E. Gertrude Rogers: In charge of High and Intermediate departments of Girls’ School. Miss Caroline Silliman: In charge of Primary and Kindergarten departments of Girls’ School. On furlough.— John K . Browne, ordained; Mrs. Leila K. Browne; Ernest A. Yarrow, ordained; Mrs. Martha T. Yarrow; Miss Mary L. Daniels; Mrs. Anna J. Knapp. Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— (Harpoot), Fay E. Livin- good, ordained: Tutor; Mr. W. Earl D. Ward, Treasurer of Euphrates College and of the station; Miss Marie Jacobson, Nurse; (Bitlis), Miss Grace H. Knapp, Teacher in Mt. Holyoke Girls’ School; (Van), Sister Clara; Miss S. M. L. Bond, Nurse and superintendent of hospital; Miss Mabel H. Whittlesey and Miss Sarah A. Clark, Educational work. Mr. and Mrs. Yarrow' and Miss Daniels have come home for their regular furlough. Mr. and Mrs. Browne have returned to America not to return to the missions. Mrs. Knapp is remaining in this country. Mr. and Mrs. H. H. Riggs, Mrs. Barnum, Miss Graf and Miss Rogers have returned to their former stations. Mr. and Mrs. Emrich will return to the mission in the late winter. Mr. and Mrs. Carey have retired from the work. The Harpoot station and Euphrates College in particular has suffered a real loss in the withdrawal of Professor and Mrs. Margot. Miss McDowell has withdrawn from the work. Miss Vina M. Sher­ man has received appointment and joined the Erzroom station. Miss M ary D. Uline who went out in 1910 for a term of five years has recently received regular appointment. Dr. and Mrs. Floyd O. Smith have been found for Diarbekir and after staying over in France for necessary language study to fulfil Turkish medical requirements and in hospital practice will reach their destination some time next year. Miss Mabel H. Whittlesey and Miss Sarah A. Clark have recently joined the Van station for a short term having volunteered their services. 76 Missions in Turkey

TURKEY

All Turkey Conference One year ago a general tour of all the missions in Turkey was contemplated and a commission was chosen for the purpose. The plan involved a general conference following the visitation, at which plans, measures and policies for the work carried on in the Empire were to be discussed and, as far as possible, decided upon. The plan to hold such a conference had been postponed from the adoption of the Constitution upon the part of Turkey, in order to permit the new government to organize and settle down into a system or policy upon which we could rely and in accordance with which we could shape our own plans. As the time for the departure of the commission approached it became increasingly *iianifest that the New Turk Party was losing its hold and that there was danger of a political overturning that might, and probably would, render useless any plans that might be made by the contemplated confer­ ence, so far as those plans had reference to government and national conditions. At the same time cholera had become quite general in Macedonia and large areas of Asia Minor, which threatened to be even more violent in the spring, thus, owing, to the quarantine that would be established, rendering travel for the commission as well as for the delegates to the conference practically impossible. Advices from the missions led to the postponement of all plans until national questions assumed a more settled appearance and promised a continuity upon which we may confidently rely.

War in Macedonia As this report goes to the printer war is raging in Macedonia, the Balkan States, Montenegro, Bulgaria and Servia, together with Greece, having precipitated an attack upon Turkey. This is causing a suspension of all ordinary forms of missionary work in Bulgaria and the withdrawal of the missionaries in Macedonia until the fury of the conflict has passed. The leading cities of Bulgaria, Macedonia, and even Constantinople are under martial law. No one would dare predict whereunto this war may or may not lead. Missions in Turkey 77

General Conditions The four missions of the American Board in Turkey confront a variety of conditions, owing to diversity of location and contact with different races. The European Turkey Mission has in itself widely different problems since one half of the mission is in Bulgaria, an independent kindgom, and the other half in Macedonia, the most disturbed section of all Turkey and probably the worst gov­ erned. Macedonia with its Albanian, Greek and Turkish elements openly and religiously hostile to each other, and the entire area the object of envy and jealousy by Bulgaria, Russia, Austria, Greece and Turkey, presents all the elements for discord and disorder of every character. Add to this the intense desire of the Albanians for a certain measure of autonomy in local government and we have conditions which are becoming more acute daily and which may not settle without the intervention of Europe. The Eastern Turkey Mission, bordering as it does upon Persia and Russia and including that only partially subject Koordish race, all remote from the centre of government and subject to out­ side intrigue, presents conditions of uncertainty whose future outcome no one dares predict. This part of the country has not been so much affected by the Italian war upon Turkey as has the rest of the Empire, since many have probably not even yet heard that there is a war. In this part of the country the three races, the Koords, the Armenians and the Turks, present conflicting elements that are never at rest. In the Central Turkey Mission, while order was quickly restored after the Adana massacres two years ago, the relation between the Moslems and the Christians has not been one of confidence but rather of suspicion and fear. On several occasions there have been rumors of another massacre, throwing the Christians into a state of agitation and straining still further relations that were already tense. The Western Turkey Mission with its center at Constantinople is always in close touch with the political situation and is the better able to feel the pulse of the national life. The uncertainty that surrounds the most of this mission is that which confronts the government itself. Although the effects of the Italian war have appeared here, and especially in Smyrna, more acutely than in the remoter and more interior sections, the work here is not subjecf in the same degree to the strain of discontent and disorderly elements 78 Missions in Turkey

that have the larger freedom in the remoter parts of the country, owing to their distance from the central government. The government of Turkey under the Young Turk Party is not fulfilling the promise of its early organization. The party is not harmonious or united and its policy has been wavering and its administration such as to lose the confidence of many able Moslems, not to mention the European nations. The last election was such only in name, the party in power, in many if not in all instances, indicating in advance the delegate whose election was to be accomplished. Frequent changes in the cabinet, the attempt of the army to control legislation, the advent of a new opposition party, the impotence of the Sultan, and the general unrest throughout the country,—these and many other things that might be named indicate the uncertainties that hang over the entire country. The unrighteous war with Italy has had its effect in destroying confidence in the controlling party. Abdul Hamid was deposed upon the ground that Turkey was losing territory under his reign and that if the process was con­ tinued it would be disastrous to the country. Since his deposition, less than four years ago, far larger sections of the Turkish empire have passed from its control than during his entire reign. There are indications that the dismem­ berment of the empire has well begun and that too with a secret understanding upon the part of the European powers. Many of the Turks look upon the attack upon Tripoli as the first act of a twentieth century crusade which is to result in wresting from the Moslems their last and greatest power. There are indications that confirm this position. All this political uncertainty and turmoil have a direct bearing upon missionary operations, adding severely to the burden and cost of the work. The Mohammedans have not been slow to note that America has taken no part in the oppression of the government Missions in Turkey 79 and they are convinced that in the partition of the country, if it is to take place, the United States will claim no share. Owing to the fact that our missionaries are Americans they have not been compromised by the political situation. Repeatedly official* and leading Turks have said to our missionaries that they look upon them and their country as the friends of Turkey. At the same time, while their presence has tended to maintain order and restore confidence even of the officials themselves, the year has been most trying and the burdens borne have been exceedingly heavy. Let no one assume that all the advantages of the overthrow four years ago and the inauguration of constitutional government have been lost. There is a large body of leading and influential Moslems who believe in the principles of the Constitution and who are doing all in their power to make it a success. These are assiduously striv­ ing to improve the educational and industrial conditions of the country and to make Turkey worthy a place among the nations. At the same time the measure of free speech, freedom of travel and the freedom of the press from censorship, which has been enjoyed so long, is making it practically impossible for any government to withdraw these privileges and return to former conditions. More­ over there is a measure of religious freedom not known before in the country for over fifty years. This is indicated by a large increase of Moslem students in mission schools, increased attendance upon religious services, freedom of approach for Christian leaders and greater sales of Christian Osmanli books including the New Tes­ tament in whole and in part. The missionaries are a unit in their statements that since mis­ sionary work began in Turkey never have such opportunities con­ fronted them. The call from each one of the four missions for reinforcements and for larger appropriations of money in order to enter the many doors newly opened, has never been so persistent and compelling. Fields hitherto unoccupied are now "ready for the harvest” and classes that could not be approached a few years ago seem now to be waiting for the simple Gospel message. The time has come when- our missions should be permitted to make the advance for which we have labored, sacrificed and waited for nearly one hundred years. We have no assurance that the oppor­ tunity will be indefinitely continued, while there is reason to believe that, unless we enter the door while it is open and when the invita­ tion is given, we may soon find it closed in our faces. 8o Missions in Turkey

Unoccupied Areas If we reckon the number of missionaries and Christian workers in Turkey and take account of their general distribution over the entire country we might say with not a little complacence, that the territory is occupied from a missionary point of view. Compared with many other missionary countries it is very well occupied with Christian workers and with the institutions of the Gospel. But to those familiar with the details of the work, there appear great populous areas and classes and races living wholly without a practi­ cal knowledge of Jesus Christ. To be more specific, Macedonia, stretching from the Adriatic on the West and extending to the Black Sea on the East, bordered by Bulgaria and other independent or partially independent states upon the North and the Aegean Sea and Sea of Mannora upon the South, and all thickly populated, has been occupied as a mission field for nearly three quarters of a century. And yet at the present time we have in all that country only five ordained missionaries, five missionary wives and two single women, with no missionary physician. There are only a few native workers with great stretches of country unentered and millions of people unreached. Within this dwell that powerful and historic race, the Albanians, for whom almost nothing was done until five years ago, and for whose, 2,000,000 souls we have now upon the ground only two ordained missionaries with their wives. All the eastern section of Macedonia, including the great and ancient city, Adrianople, is the field of but little Christian work. All through Asia Minor there are wide areas and large cities in which little or nothing is done in the line of evangelical Christian work, and for the vast Koordish populations, including both the Koomranjis and the Zazars, there is no missionary who can speak their language freely and no worker of any kind giving himself to them. Probably the Koords and the Albanians, here mentioned together, number not less than 4,000,000 souls and they include some of the most virile of the populations of Turkey. From Mardin east and south, following the course of the Tigris river, almost nothing is being done. Nowhere are we doing anything hardly worthy of the name for the evangelization of the powerful Greek race. President John E. Merrill in reporting for the Ain tab station writes: “ The population of the field is estimated at about 1,000,000, Missions in Turkey 81

Turks, Koords and Arabs holding the Moslem faith largely predom­ inating. There are said to be on the Soorooj plain 300 Ivoordish villages; on the Haran plain 250 Arab villages, and within the bounds of the station probably no less than 2,000 villages and towns in which no Christian work is being carried on and in the great majority of which no real Christian witness or message has ever been given.” All through the Empire of Turkey are scattered the ruling race, the Turks, for whom little direct work has yet been undertaken. They speak the Turkish language, which is not spoken or understood by one-third of the missionaries in the country. There are many reasons why there has not been hitherto more direct work for this large and important class, many of which reasons now are disap­ pearing. These constitute at the present time a large unoccupied field and the time seems to be ripe for a more effective occupancy. While in Turkey there is a large and able force of workers trained from among the people, far more numerous than the missionaries themselves, nevertheless the fact remains that Turkey as a country is not efficiently occupied. It would require more than double the present working force to hold the country effectively for Christ and to be in a position to push the work with reasonable efficiency. Many new missionaries should be sent in at once for work through the medium of the Turkish language, as well as the Koordish and Albanian languages, none of which tongues have as yet taken an adequately important place in our Christian propaganda. In our work as now constituted we are not keeping the numbers of our missionary forces good, to say nothing of the call for advance.

Albanian Work Some four or five years ago, two missionary families, financed by a special fund given for that exclusive purpose, were appointed to open Christian work in Albania. It was anticipated that the task would be a severe one costing a prolonged struggle and in this we have not been disappointed. Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy and Mr. and Mrs. Erickson have faced this opposition with self-forgetful heroism. Two places have been occupied, each an important centre in the country, Kortcha and Elbasan. In the former place a girls’ school has been maintained for many years under Christian Albanian supervision. The Turkish Government brought to bear upon this opening 82 Missions in Turkey work all the forces of opposition at its disposal. Mr. and Mrs. Erickson were forcibly driven out of Tirana, their first place of residence, and during the year under review they were ejected from Elbasan and taken under guard to Monastir, where they were detained for several months. A site had been previously purchased at Elbasan for the missionary work, to which the Government declined to give title and later expropriated it for military purposes, returning the purchase money. A second piece was then purchased, the title to which is now a subject of negotiation. Mr. Kennedy held the situation at Elbasan while Mr. Erickson was away, although at the same time the Government was attempting to close out the work at Kortcha. In spite of this opposition an encouraging beginning has been made. The experiment has shown that the Albanians are friendly, and in spite of their oppression by the Turks are ready to give the preacher of the Gospel a cordial welcome. While freedom for public services is yet withheld, the people have assembled in a private way in the hired house of the missionary in Elbasan, to the number of fifty persons at a service, with an average attendance of some thirty. At Kortcha the attendance has been larger, with a Sunday School on occasions numbering 200. The missionaries and Mr. Tsilka and Mr. Dako, American trained Albanian Christian workers, have found a warm welcome in other towns and cities visited, while the school at Kortcha is crowded beyond endurance, and a perpetual call comes up from Elbasan for the opening of a boys’ school and a medical work there. This new work demands immediate enlargement in the way of houses for the missionaries, proper accommodations for the schools at Kortcha and Elbasan, and provision for a medical work at the latter place. In all Albania there is no trained doctor, and all evidence goes to show that a Christian missionary physician would be universally welcomed by the Albanians and his influence prac­ tically unlimited. In his report Mr. Erickson says: “The sooner the Christian Church realizes that the Christianity of Jesus Christ is a conquest and take to heart the task of saving society at least as seriously as they do their own comfort and enjoyment, the sooner will be wiped out the reproach of starving, dying nations like this one, and the sooner will be realized the city of tearless eyes where God himself is King.” Missions. in Turkey 83

Evangelistic Work Towards the beginning of the work of missionaries in Turkey “ evangelistic work” was used primarily to denote the work of preach­ ing alone, which included extensive and repeated tours by mission­ aries and native evangelists into regions remote from the mission stations. Upon these tours little was done except to hold meetings and discuss with the people the difference between the modern and the ancient Bible, and the Gregorian, the Greek and the Protestant churches. Wherever the missionary or native preacher went he was an expounder of the truths of the Gospel which, at that time, were regarded as revolutionary as related to the customs and tradi­ tions of the Ancient Churches. No longer is the Gospel thus looked upon. It would be difficult to find a member of these Ancient Churches who would combat even in his mind, much less in open discussion, the fundamental principles upon which all Protestant work in Turkey was established. Intellectually, Protestantism in its broad and true sense has been accepted and no longer do the people need that kind of preaching. The non-Moslem peoples of Turkey stand in need of help to put into practice and make regnant in their lives the truths they intel­ lectually accept. The people and communities are desperately in need of leaders who can organize them into working bodies and set them to their task of evangelizing the entire community and establishing in their midst Gospel institutions that shall remain permanent. This must be done primarily by native leaders. The task of training these leaders and of so organizing the work that perpetually new leaders shall be forthcoming, and, when they appear, shall quickly find the place when they can render the widest service, devolves upon the missionaries and the missionary organ­ izations. Necessarily the missionary must give much time and attention to this work of discovering and training leaders, finding the places where they can be most effectively located, and discover­ ing ways and means. While the missionary is always a preacher, he is at the same time an organizer, a trainer and an explorer. Since the number of missionaries has not increased during the last missionary generation, while the volume of work has grown enor­ mously, it has compelled the putting of larger responsibilities upon the able forces raised up from among the people, and the giving of increased attention to organization and administration. In view of the changes that have taken place among the masses 84 Missions in Turkey of the membership of the Oriental churches with reference to evan­ gelical ideas, there are some that feel that the time has passed for building up a separate Protestant body, but that endeavor should be directed to carrying aggressive Christian organization into the ancient churches. Others as firmly believe that should the Protes­ tant churches and forces become absorbed into the Old churches, aggressive evangelism would cease to exist and religious and moral lethargy would follow. There is a medium ground which probably represents the large number of the working forces, namely, to keep

Mission Premises at Oorfa the Protestant churches spiritually alert and actively engaged in propagating practical Christianity, while at the same time doing everything possible to aid the Old churches to a deeper and more real spiritual experience and to a more active service for the spirit­ ual upbuilding of all their membership and the extension of Chris­ tian truth to those outside. Whatever may be said, the Protestant churches in Turkey have been and are a mighty force for pure Christianity and for a high degree of intellectual equipment for the clergy and a good general education for the sons and daughters of the church. During the year under consideration, these churches, under an able but alto- Missions in Turkey 85 gether inadequate native leadership, have been constructively and successfully aggressive. Their numbers have not largely increased because of the constant stream of emigration of men to Europe and the United States. But the lamp of pure Gospel truth has been kept burning in hundreds of centers of religious darkness. The Central Turkey Mission suffered a great loss in the death of two leading pastors, the Rev. Hagop Bulbulian, and Rev. Bedros Topalian, who were acting as general evangelists for the field and pastors of all the churches that were unsupplied with shepherds of their own. These men took the place and did the work of mis­ sionaries and in many ways were more effective than any mission­ aries could be Rev. Kavme Ablahadian has given himself to general evangelistic work for all Turkey, resigning the pastorate of the large church at Marsovan for this purpose. It is an inter­ esting fact that his salary and all his traveling expenses are paid by a group of earnest Armenians in New York led by Mr. D. B. Donchian. Under Pastor Kavme’s lead, extended special services have been held in Van, Bitlis, Trebizond, Aintab, Marash and other places. The well known spiritual power and balanced judgment of this evangelist make him most acceptable everywhere. As he speaks fluently three languages, Koordish, Armenian and Turkish, and is well versed in Arabic and English, he is admirably equipped for this special and much needed service. In the reports of the year it is noticeable that in many places the average attendance upon the regular services of the church is from two to three times the church membership. This demon­ strates the fact that evangelical thought and sympathy have ex­ tended far beyond the borders of the Protestant church membership and are permeating the populations of the country. The church at Tarsus has been troubled almost beyond endurance by the fact that its dilapidated place of worship is inadequate to accommodate the congregation and is also unsafe, when filled to its limited capacity. The people themselves at great sacrifice, follow­ ing upon the massacres of three years ago, have raised funds and purchased a new and commodious site, and now they are making a supreme effort to enclose the same with a necessary and substantial wall. It is little less than a crime against Christendom that the church of Christ in the city of the Apostle Paul, with an audience often exceeding 1,000 souls, should not have a place of worship adequate for much more than one-half that number. The church in Marsovan is planning to erect a commodious house 86 Missions in Turkey of worship as soon as some preliminary conditions are fulfilled. Funds in hand are sufficient to put up a very satisfactory structure. Ground has been broken for a new edifice for the Vlanga church in Constantinople after nearly thirty years of waiting for official per­ mission. The people are making strenuous effort to secure the balance of the amount needed for the plant. Other buildings in less conspicuous centres have either been completed, are under construction or under contemplation. The great and crying lack beyond the outpouring of the Holy Spirit is that of more pastors, preachers and teachers for the smaller places, although some large churches are pastorless. There are today fully 200 places within the bounds of the Turkish empire ready and eager to receive a preacher or teacher, or both, and in some cases quite prepared to meet all the expenses connected there­ with, but proper men cannot be found. No longer can it be said that opportunity for preaching the Gospel in Turkey is lacking. Every facility is offered, congregations and towns are waiting for the one whom the Lord shall send. The large number of native pastors, preachers and teachers have done, in many cases, more than double service in their endeavor to make up for the lack in numbers. The organization of the churches, the Evangelical Unions, in all of the missions have planned wisely and labored through their various committees with an inspiring enthusiam to press forward all departments of the work of the churches. Probably there is no phase of this department of work that has received such an impulse since the inauguration of the new order as has the work for women. Not only has a new desire been born in them for a wider liberty and better instruction, but the men also seem desirous that their wives and daughters make greater advance. Everywhere the women seem alert, eager and accessible, and ready to attend any meetings the missionary ladies and the Bible women may appoint. An audience and a hearing can be had anywhere with an assurance of an enthusiastic response to any plan proposed for organization for aggressive work. There is a manifest call for some special training school for Bible women or women evangelists, that the forces at work may be better equipped for this developing and most promising phase of evangelism. Another method of approach to classes not hitherto reached to any extent is made through extension movements and club work. In Harpoot and Marsovan a summer school has been conducted, Missions in Turkey 37 attended by preachers and teachers as well as those who are looking forward to that line of work. These have been most successful both in the numbers attending and in the enthusiasm aroused. Through these schools a new impulse has been given to the Christian leaders. This method of arousing the intellectual and the spiritual life of the leaders will undoubtedly be extended. The club idea is proving to be an effectual method of reaching classes that have such deep-seated prejudices against the chapel and the church that they will attend no services connected with buildings that bear that name. The club has headquarters in a building secured for that purpose, which becomes the centre for lectures of various kinds as well as a reading room in which Christian literature is kept. These have everywhere been successful in that the attendance has been large and interest assured from the first. Both Christians and Moslems become members and the missionaries have as much freedom as they desire. As an illustration, the club at Cesarea has had a daily average attendance upon the four days of the week upon which it was open, of 100, reaching as many as 300 on some days. About 200 upon the average have attended the Sunday evening “lec- mi«« Harriet Seymour ture,” often all available space being taken. The subjects of the “lectures” are almost invariably religious and often the lecture could be called a “sermon” if delivered in a church. At the same time the speaker has considerable liberty upon these occasions to deal with the subjects having a special bearing upon society and the life of the people. Temperance, physiology, hygiene, purity, the customs and religions of other countries, the life of Christ, etc., have large place. The stereopticon and the radiop- ticon are much used. In some places, as at Cesarea, the large majority of attendants are Moslems, while an increasing number of hodjas and theological students are seen in the reading room and in the evening gatherings. The Moslems often refer to the club as “our club.” The influence of these clubs can be traced in an increasing number of instances where young men have been led to change the whole course of their lives. Many places are urging the formation of similar clubs and so far as we can see the opportunities thus opened in all parts of Turkey for direct approach to peoples 88 Missions in Turkey whom we have not hitherto been able directly to influence is limited only by our working force and the means at our disposal. This club work combines the direct evangelism and university extension and social uplift in an effective way that seems to meet the present requirements in Turkey to a remarkable degree.

Educational Work The new life that has come to Turkey through the adoption of the Constitution has given an impulse to education beyond the expectation of the best informed. The most intelligent Moslems cherish the idea that some time they will have schools of their own sufficiently advanced to train adequately their youth so they will not have to patronize the Christian schools. At the same time they recognize the lack of moral training in their schools, and so prefer to have their children in the Christian institution where character is developed to having them in Moslem schools subject to the baneful influences that there exist. A Mohammedan father presenting his son for enrollment in a Christian college said he did so because of the high moral tone of the school, in contrast with the Moslem schools. At the same time he protested against his son’s learning anything about Christianity. The president in­ formed him that the high moral tone of the school of which he had borne testimony was due wholly to religious teaching and that if Christianity should be expunged from the College, the moral tone would soon be no better than that of their own schools. This argument was regarded as entirely satisfactory and the boy was left in the school. The educationa' work in Turkey is exerting an influence that is fundamental in its character and universal in its extent. There are few remote sections of that great country into which this form of missionary endeavor has not already cast its influence. The Christian education imparted in the schools of all grades, reaching the colleges and theological seminaries, is changing not only the outward lives of all classes, but is changing their point of view, their method of thought, as well as their religious beliefs. A few illus­ trations in addition to the one already given will demonstrate the point. A branch of the World’s Student Christian Federation was estab­ lished in the Bulgarian National University at Sofia and under the auspices of that organization last year Dr. Mott, and this year Missions in Turkey 89

Sherwood Eddy, held a series of meetings in the university that have made a profound impression. Three years ago such meetings would have been impossible. A little over three years ago some graduates of our Collegiate and Theological Institute at Samokov, Bulgaria, went to the University to complete their studies. They found the University honeycombed with rank infidelity and reli­ gious indifference. They set about to change this by effecting the organization of a tentative Christian Association in the University. Two of these men were sent by the Association to Constantinople as delegates to the great Christian Student gathering there two years ago. Aroused by their reports, Dr. Mott, and later Mr. Eddy were invited by the University and a new religious life was begun in this national school. One of these former students in our school is President of the Christian Association and another is its secretary. It is exercising a dominant influence in the university. The village of Azanta is located in the mountains of Russia upon the North side of the Black Sea above the port of Sochoum. From here came a student to Anatolia College some time ago. As he returned home for his vacations he became a herald of Christian education to his community, and today there are three young men studying in the college from this one Russian village, two of whom have the avowed purpose to prepare for the Christian ministry. In the meantime a self-supporting church has been formed in that village and a new centre of Christian light and power has been opened in old Russia. The Moslems in Turkey are beginning to call upon our schools for teachers, especially for kindergartens and primary schools. This is a most significant movement and one that we may expect to go on with accelerated force. Those heretofore assigned have given excellent satisfaction, thus preparing the way for more. In spite of the fact that the schools are all crowded and many desirable applicants are turned away, we are not able to supply all the needs of the Christian schools, to say nothing of the others. Many of those calling for teachers from our schools are ready to pay full salaries and meet all the- expenses of the school. They desire us to train for them the teachers to whom they are ready to give large liberty in matters of moral and religious teaching. This situation is well illustrated by the Normal School of the Western Turkey Mission, located at Sivas. It is now waiting for government permission to begin the construction of its new building, for which funds are in hand. It has refused to receive this year over 50 Missions in Turkey

applicants who came in spite of the fact that it had widely announced that no more could be accepted. At the same time several of our out- station schools are closed for lack of teachers and 37 applications for teachers from towns ready to pay all the salaries have been declined. These illustrations but show the opportunity now open­ ing before every one of our higher educational institutions for both men and women. The colleges and higher educational institu­ tions have had an unusually prosperous and progressive year with capacity overtaxed. The Collegiate and Theological Institute at Samokov, Bulgaria, has not yet received recognition from the government, which, when obtained, will put its diplomas upon a par with national schools. The International College at Smyrna, with a munificent gift made by Mr. John S. Kennedy of New York, has purchased a beautiful site of over 20 acres, a short distance beyond the southern limits of the city and near the railway station. Upon this site, as soon as permission to transfer the college and erect the buildings can be obtained, will be put up a main College Hall, a Preparatory Hall, a Gymnasium and an Assembly Hall. The place bears the name Paradise. The entire plant will be moved and the old site sold. The American Collegiate Institute for Girls has also purchased a new site of six and one half acres, at Geuz Tepe, a prosperous suburb in the direction in which the city is growing. Funds have yet to be secured for com­ pleting the purchase of the land and for the erection of the necessary buildings. Both of these institutions had so far outgrown their cramped quarters that re- Mooque at Sivas moval was imperative. Missions in Turkey 91

Anatolia College at Marsovan with a dozen nationalities has had one of the most prosperous years in its history. Plans are maturing for a more complete development of its literary and scientific departments as well as along more practical and functional lines. One fine new, commodious building called North College has been occupied during the year. The Alumni Library is in process of construction. Three other college buildings, Union Hall, a home for preparatory students, and a chapel, have been projected, only waiting for necessary funds. Dr. Tracy has given himself with unflagging zeal to this task of construction. Euphrates College at Harpoot is passing over to the Protestant community the intermediate department, that hitherto has been under the administration of the college. It is planning, as is Central Turkey College at Aintab, and St. Paul’s Institute at Tarsus, and the Central Turkey College for Girls at Marash, for the enlarge­ ment of its plans and the development of its curriculum as rapidly as resources will permit. No one who has never come into personal contact with these institutions and the work they are doing and what they might accomplish were their immediate needs supplied, can have any con­ ception of the almost unendurable pressure under which those in charge continue the work. The schools at Van in the extreme Eastern part of the Eastern Turkey Mission have rapidly developed during the past few years until the conditions call for the erection of the High Schpol into a college. Already Dr. Raynolds has secured with personal funds an adequate site for a college. This important and influential centre is some two weeks’ journey away from Harpoot, the nearest existing college. The training and high school at Mardin, in Northern Mesopotamia is making rapid advance towards a collegiate and theological course. It has a field among the Arabic speaking peoples to the south and east adequate for a fully equipped school of this nature. The work done in various High Schools for both young men and young women is not second to that done in the colleges, since here the pupils are of a more impressionable age and character is more readily formed. The list of these schools with the numbers of their pupils, etc., appears in the "Institutions” at the end of this report. Theological Schools.—There has been much discussion in all the Turkish Missions for nearly a missionary generation, with reference to theological training. Until four years ago the government put 92 Missions in Turkey such restrictions upon travel that it was necessary to train the preachers locally. Many of these restrictions have now been removed and the subject of one central Theological Seminary for all four of the Missions to Turkey is up for consideration. This was one of the topics calling for the attention of the commission proposed last year and for the “All Turkey Conference.” Mission­ aries in the interior seem confident that a seminary at Constanti­ nople would not meet the needs of the interior stations, while the Constantinople missionaries are equally confident that students from Constantinople, Smyrna and the western coast of Asia Minor will never go into the interior for their theological training. It is also estimated that it would ' cost more to educate preachers for Turkey in Constantinople than it would to train them in the semi­ naries in the United States or in England. In the meantime theological training is going or. as before in Marash, Marsovan and Samokov. Harpoot has not been able to assemble a class this year, owing to the short-handed condition of the station. The suggestion has been made, and preliminary correspondence shows that it is not impracticable, to send graduates of our mission seminaries who have shown by two or three years actual service in the field their mental and spiritual capacity, over to our American seminaries for one, or may be two, years of special graduate study and work. These could then return as balanced, experienced and trained leaders. Whatever is done there must be, and can be, no relaxation of effort in the training of worthy young men for the Gospel ministry in Turkey. There ought to be ten times as many in preparation as there are now in all of the classes. The Western Turkey Mission has asked the authorities of Robert College to consider the opening of a Theological Department. The report of the Marsovan Theological Seminary reveals a situation and possibilités that are unusual in the Turkish Missions if not in any mission. They have 15 students engaged in the semi­ nary courses. Three of these are regular students taking the entire course in preparation for the Protestant ministry. Nine are Juniors and Seniors in the college who are electing courses in the seminary. Of these, five are members of the Greek Orthodox Church, three are Protestants and one is a Gregorian. These nine have not yet expressed a decided purpose to enter the Christian ministry but into whatever walk of life they enter they will be admirably equipped for a position of intelligent Christian leadership. The one Moslem of the sophomore class has expressed his purpose next year to elect Missions in Turkey 93 work in the Seminary. Then there is an Armenian Vernacular group in which three men are studying. Were the seminar)- not connected with a college, probably these special theological students would not be possible. In most of the educational work in Turkey, expecially in the colleges, there is an increasing consciousness of making the educa­ tion given of a practical character. There is a tremendous appeal for practical instruction in modern methods of agriculture and in some departments of engineering. Were the resources at hand these departments would speedily be opened in several of the col­ leges. With the agricultural resources of the country and the absence of scientific methods of tilling the soil, the field that is presented is almost limitless. With a radical change in this respect the resources of the country might be largely increased.

Medical Work Never has this line of work been more influential than at the present time. Prejudices of centuries are so giving way that now no races exist in the country that cannot be reached through the Chris­ tian hospital and dispensary. Dr. Haas reports from Adana a constant increase in the number of Moslem patients. Drs. Dodd and Post have opened up a new and encouraging work in Konia under the direction of theii committee in New York. Dr. Hoover has taken charge of the work they left at Cesarea and the hospital is now in operation to its fullest capacity. Dr. Marden has now under construction what, when completed, will be the finest mis­ sionary hospital building in Turkey, and possibly not excelled by any. It will cost over $45,000 and the resources Jiave so far come largely from Dr. Marden’s personal effort. The reputation of this work at Marsovan, the extent and hopefulness of the field, and the great number of those wholly dependent upon this medical plant, all call loudly for the necessary assistance to finish and equip this hospital. The hospital at Adana, opened this year as a mission hospital, has the favor of the governor and the Turks as well as of all classes. One needs but to glance at the list of patients reached through this medical work and the number of operations performed to get a real sense of the meaning of the Christian medical missionary and the hospital and dispensary which make this work possible. There is probably no phase of missionary work anywhere in the world that 94 Missions in Turkey accomplishes so much at so little actual cost from outside as does this medical work that is carried on in Turkey. It ought to be extended. The Western Turkey Mission has voted to favor locat­ ing a medical missionary in that old capital of the empire, Brousa, and the European Mission is urgent that a medical work should be opened at once in Elbasan, Albania. There are also urgent calls for a similar work in Bitlis in the Eastern Turkey Mission, and in Hadjin in the Central Turkey Mission.

Publication Work For the Asiatic Turkish Missions this centres at Constantinople. Dr. Herrick who has given seventeen years of effective service to the literary side of missionary work has withdrawn from service and Dr. Macallum from Marash is taking up the task. Undoubt­ edly new adjustments will be made, especially in the line of periodical publication and in the disposal of books on hand. The removal of the censorship of the press led to the sudden appearance of a great variety of periodicals, many of which have survived. This cut into the subscription lists of our Turkish and Armenian Avedaper. Last year the Turkish Avedaper was given over to a competent Christian editor, who has successfully continued the publication under the name “ Rahnuma.” The question of disposing of the Armenian edition in a similar manner is now before the missions for decision. The Orient, a weekly paper in English for the dissemina­ tion of news bearing upon the country and the work carried on there, has proven to be a success from the start. It covers both national and religious news and is now edited by Mr. Riggs, the secretary of the Western Turkey Mission. The colleges in Turkey, with possibly one exception, have print­ ing presses and issue periodicals. These are of special interest to the college students and the alumni as well as to the local com­ munities. Many of these are managed by the students them­ selves and so constitute a part of the training received, quite in addition to the value of the publication itself. In these days when intellects are so alert in Turkey it is significant that from the two mission presses alone, not including the various station and college presses, nearly 14,000,000 pages have been struck off during the year. No report of a capacity less than a volume of considerable size can do justice to a work so extensive, far-reaching and varied as Missions in Turkey 95 that carried on by the missionaries of this Board in the Turkish empire and in Bulgaria. Nothing short of the publication in full of the various station and departmental reports can begin to give an idea of the sweep and volume of this work. As an illustration of a single phase seldom mentioned consider the amount of money passing though the hands of Mr. Peet, the treasurer of these four missions. When these figures are read one must bear in mind that the Treasurer is also the missionary adviser of the U. S. Em­ bassy at the Porte, and the go-between for the transaction of any and all diplomatic missionary business; he is also the chairman of the Albanian Committee, a member of the Committee ad interim, etc. There passed though the office of the treasurer during the year 1911 the sum of $614,701.21. He drew drafts upon the treas­ ury in Boston amounting to $34,558.85, upon London amounting to £68,742. 10 shillings; upon Paris amounting to Francs 14,481.30, and he sent into the interior of the country drafts amounting to iJ.T.93,407.85. These sums include £^.29,287.09 forwarded for German work, orphan support, Friends of Armenia, and other special purposes, not connected with the treasury of the American Board but in support of Christian work. Treasurer Peet has also continued his work of securing the transfer of titles of property to the name of the American Board which has hitherto been pro­ miscuously held. A conspicuous figure in the European Turkey Mission, and an example that carries with it an inspiration to all followers of Jesus Christ, is that of Rev. James F. Clarke at Sofia. He celebrated his eightieth birthday on the 31st of January. He reports twelve strokes of apoplexy, nine of which have occurred since that date. And yet from his room he, with his own personal funds, has prepared and sent out over 30,000 tracts dealing with spiritual, temperance and moral subjects, and has written hundreds of letters to Bulgarian workers who were formerly his pupils, besides preparing an extended statement of the relief work in which he took prominent part during five periods of massacre. The influence of this work in a country where the partiarch as head of the family is held in such high esteem can hardly be estimated. Perhaps Dr. Clarke from the room of his invalidism is carrying on the crowning and most fundamental work of his long and active missionary career. Four times the queen has visited him, besides sending him flowers repeatedly. 96 Missions in Turkey

Bible Lands Missions Aid Society It is our duty as well as our great privilege to acknowledge the great help the Bible Lands Missions Aid Society has been in all of the work carried on within the bounds of the Turkish Empire. Its methods of work, its economical use of funds, and the intelligence with which the work is followed, all commend this society to the friends of work in Bible Lands. The visit of its secretary, Rev. S. W. Gentle-Cackett, to some of the stations during last year was greatly appreciated by the missionaries and the native Christian workers. The gratitude of the missionaries and the officers and Committee of the American Board is here expressed for this helpful and encour­ aging cooperation.

Bible and Tract Societies The privilege of cooperating with the American Bible Society, the British and Foreign Bible Society and the American Tract Society in the publication and distribution of a Christian literature for the large and mixed populations of Turkey has been enjoyed and appreciated for another year. There is a consensus of judgment that no emphasis must be removed but that rather it must be increased, upon the value and importance of religious instruction through the printed page and in this the Bible in the vernaculars of the people must always hold first place. We again express our gratitude for the substantial help given to our missionaries in nearly all parts of Asiatic Turkey through the National Armenia and India Relief Association. Through the generous aid of this organization the missionaries have been able to provide a home and give a Christian education to hundreds of children who otherwise would wander homeless in the streets or become members of the criminal classes.

Christian Endeavor and Y. M. C. A. As in all of the missions of the Board the Christian Endeavor Society has held in all the Turkish missions a large and important place. This is especially true of the schools of all grades and char­ acter. Conditions are such in Turkey that there are few young people in the churches who are not connected in some way with the schools. As co-education does not exist, it necessitates the forma­ Missions in Turkey 97 tion of Endeavor Societies for boys and young men quite apart from those for girls. These societies are, in multitudes of cases, the centre of the active Christian life of the young people of the schools and of the church. It is of priceless value in training the young people for Christian leadership both within and without the church. These societies raise money for missionary work often in remote parts of the earth, and in this service they broaden their own vision, sympathies and faith as well as render much needed help to some worthy case in other countries. The visit of Dr. and Mrs. F. E. Clark to some of the stations during the year has given a new impulse to this work. The American Board and the missionaries welcome the advent of the Y. M. C. A. into Turkey and the location of a secretary at Constantinople and another at Beirut. Under the new régime it is possible, as it has never been before, for this organization to begin its operations in that country. There is every reason to believe that the Moslems will appreciate some of the lines of work carried on by the Association and will cooperate with it. There is no country that appeals to us in the same way and with the same emphasis that Turkey presents its claims. The land of the Prophets and the Apostles, of Paul and even of Christ Himself is pleading that again the Master may become incarnated in the life of today. Islam presents its manifold forms of hindrance and opposition, but we now know that these will yield before the univer­ sal, onward tread of those who persistently and loyally exalt the Christ in word, act and life and who build Him and His Gospel into the foundation and capstone of every institution in the land. No word of discouragement comes from the missionaries or Christian workers there that does not find its source and cause in the paucity of the working body and the inadequacy of the home support. In spite of the political upheavals and the hourly uncertainty of what may transpire, we of this Christian land and the members of the churches of free America constitute the sole cause of dis- heartenment. God has prepared the way before our feet; we may enter and possess the land if we will.

7 98 Missions in Turkey

Institutions of the Turkey Missions

EUROPEAN TURKEY

C o l l e g i a t e a n d T h e o l o g ic a l I n s t i t u t e , S a m o k o v .— T he only evangelical school for boys and young men in Bulgaria. There is a scientific or academic c o u rse o f 7 years and the theological of I year, making 8 years of study. Total students enrolled were 96, of whom 4 were in the theological course; 84 have been boarders and 12 day pupils. By religious affiliation, 52 were Protestants, 36 from the Orthodox Church and 8 Jews. Scientific diplomas were given to 5 of th e 7 in the graduating class. The faculty consists of 12, including 4 missionaries. The industrial self-help department reports 33 employed in the printing office and 3 3 in the carpentry shop.

G i r l s ’ B o a r d in g S ch o o l, S a m o k o v .— A school drawing its pupils from a population of over 2,000,000. During the absence of Miss Abbott in America, Miss Baird has been the acting principal. The number of pupils was 100; 50 boarders, 28 day pupils and 23 kindergartners. Those from e .angelical homes, 34; from orthodox homes, 40; and 4 Jews. Six native teachers were added to the staff. Four missionaries on the faculty.

G i r l s ’ B o a r d in g a n d H ig h S ch o o l, M o n a s t ir .— The only evangelical board­ ing school for Bulgarian girls in Macedonia. Enrollment, the largest in its his­ tory, was 68, of whom 25 were boarders, 33 day pupils, 23 preparatory, 4 primary and 6 special. The faculty includes 2 missionaries and 5 native teachers. Owing to changes in the courses, no class graduated this year.

G i r l s ’ B o a r d in g S chool a t K o r t c h a , A l b a n i a .— The only evangelical school for Albanian girls. The roll at end of the year included 76 names, 15 being boarders and 7 Moslems. Graduates were two. The Ladies’ Literary Society reaches out of school bounds to give the elements of education to the women of Albania. K indergarten a t S o f ia .— Reaches the children from homes of the best classes in the Bulgarian capital.

T h e s s a l o n ia A gricultural a n d I n d u s t r ia l In s t i t u t e , S a l o n ic a .— A n inde­ pendent institution under the direction of Dr. J . H. House. Several lines of industrial and farm work are taught. Last June, the first class of 4 young men was graduated. Total attendance, 47.

P u b l ic a t io n D e p a r t m e n t , S a m o k o v .— Books and pamphlets printed, 155,- 2 9 9 , with total of 5,024,279 pages. Sales of books and tracts were 48,351. It is again a record year. Tracts are sent to England, Canada and the United States.

T h e " Z o r n it z a .” —A weekly Bulgarian evangelical paper, published by the mission at Philippopolis and circulated among all classes.

WESTERN TURKEY

I nternational C o l l e g e (for boys), S m y r n a — The transferring of the Arme­ nian and Greek Primary Departments to the American Collegiate Institute low­ ered the student roll. Total enrollment, 310 , 66 being full boarders.. The Missions in Turkey 99 preparatory department has 128 students, the college 182. Forty in the new Turkish Department were Moslems. Twenty-six graduated, 24 receiving com­ mercial diplomas and 2 completing the full B.A. course. A new site for the college outside the city has been secured and buildings are in process of erection.

A m e r i c a n C o l l e g i a t e I n s t i t u t e (for girls), S m y r n a .— Student roll of 301 divided into 84 kindergarten, 63 primary, 67 preparatory and 87 collegiate; 50 are boarders. B y nationality: 160 Armenians, 122 Greeks, 7 Jewesses, 2 Turks, 1 Swiss, 1 Italian, 4 English and 4 Americans. Normal work in the kindergarten leads to teachers diploma.

A n a t o l i a C o l l e g e (fo r boys), M a r s o v a n .— Total pupils, 2 8 0 , greatest of any year excepting one. A dozen nationalities are represented, the Greeks lead­ ing, the Armenians next; the Russians are increasing. Teachers aside from missionaries, 16. Flourishing self-help department. About one-quarter of students are evangelical Christians. Building operations are being pushed.

A n a t o l i a G i r l s ’ S c h o o l , M a r s o v a n .— Enrollment was 250; high school, 48* preparatory department, 142; primary department, 35; Tracy Kindergarten, 15; deaf school, 10; boarders, 96; day pupils, 154. Nationalities; Armenians, 157; Greeks, 85; Turks, 4; Swiss, 2; Americans, 2. Teachers, 20; 4 being Americans, 5 Greeks and I I Armenians. Music, domestic science and sewing are taught, besides the common branches. Martha A. King School for the Deaf is a department of the Girls’ School. Opportunities are limited only by its financial resources. There are fully 15,000 deaf and dumb people in Turkey. An Armenian department has been added. Pupils, 10. Two girls are training for teachers of the deaf.

M is s i o n T h e o l o g ic a l S e m i n a r y , M a r s o v a n .— Regular pupils, 3 ; others in courses, 12. Nine are Protestant, 5 Orthodox Greek and 1 Gregorian.

S i v a s T e a c h e r s ’ C o l l e g e (for boys).— Total enrollment is 376, of whom there are 136 in the high school and normal department, 240 preparatory, 52 boarders; 12 teahers. Industrial self-help department, including carpenter shop, tailor shop, book bindery and laundry. A new building is under construction. Sev­ enty-five per cent of the graduates become teachers.

Sivas G ir ls ’ High School.— Total enrollment, 7 2 6 ; in high school, 1 1 6 ; inter­ mediate, 1 9 5 ; primary, 3 0 5 ; kindergarten, 8 0 ; Bible readers pupils, 3 0 . Boarders, 3 9 ; Armenians, 7 0 2 ; Greeks, 2 4 . Supply of teachers from this school does not equal the demand.

Bithynia High S c h o o l (for boys), B a r d e z a g .— Total registration was 350; boarders, 29 1; day pupils, 59; all Armenians. The boarders come from every part of Turkey, from Bulgaria, Roumania, Servia, Belgium, Russia, Egypt, the Soudan and Abyssinia. The Favre Boys’ Home is a part of this school. Forty to 50 orphans are supported in the Home by outside friends. Annual expenditure, $13,200. Seven years’ course with government recognition as a “ secondary” school.

A d a b a z a r G i r l s ’ H ig h S c h o o l .— Pupils in high school, 115 ; in primary depart­ ment, 108; in kindergarten, 70; total, 293. The two lowest departments are entirely under care of the native teachers. 100 Missions in Turkey

B r o u s s a G i r l s ’ H i g h S c h o o l .— Enrollment in all departments, 169; board­ ers, 61. The departments are High School, Preparatory, Primary and Kinder­ garten. Armenians, Greeks and Turks are among the students.

G e d i k P a s h a S c h o o l , C onstantinople .— Total enrollment, 268; Moslems, 9 1; Armenians, 98; Greeks, 78. Nine departments. Eleven teachers besides 5 Americans. Armenian, Greek, Turkish, French and English nationalities are represented in the faculty. Moslem girls in large numbers have applied for admittance.

T h e A m e r i c a n S c h o o l f o r B o y s , T a l a s , (Cesarea).— Total enrollment, 126, an increase of 17 over last year. Course of study covers 9 years, 4 in the prepara­ tory school and 5 in the high school. B y nationalities there are 3 Circassians, 15 Greeks, 108 Armenians. Divided by religions— 3 Moslems, 9 Orthodox, 55 Protestants, 59 Gregorians. Pupils from 30 towns and villages. Eight native teachers and 2 Americans. All of the 6 graduates expect to become teachers.

G i r l s ’ B o a r d in g S c h o o l , T a l a s (Cesarea).—Of the 147 pupils at Talas, 70 are in the high school, 25 are intermediate and 43 primary. Boarders, 64; day pupils, 83. A t Cesarea there is a kindergarten with 82 and a primary school with 67, in all 149. Total in all departments, 296. A fine three-story stone building has been erected at an expense of $7,000. The kindergarten at Cesarea reports 82 pupils, of whom 23 are Gregorians and 59 Protestants. Eight are in the train­ ing class. Two teachers.

A m e r i c a n C o l l e g e f o r G i r l s , C onstantinople .— Under separate board of trustees. The highest institution of learning for women in the Empire.

Medical Work

A n a t o l i a H o s p i t a l , M a r s o v a n .—Affiliated with Anatolia College. Hos­ pital staff as follows: 1 American physician, 1 native physician, 2 foreign nurses, 6 native nurses, 1 dispenser, 1 assistant, 20 orderlies and helpers. There is a nurses’ training class. Beds in hospital, 60; inpatients, 904; new patients, 3,578; operations, 829. B y nationalities; 387 Armenians, 280 Turks, 2 12 Greeks, 25 miscellaneous. Professional visits were made in adjoining cities. Work on the new hospital is being pushed, and the first story is completed. The total cost will be over 10,000 liras, or $44,000.

A m e r i c a n H o s p i t a l , T a l a s (Cesarea).— After being closed for six months, the hospital was opened on September 1, 19 11, in charge of Dr. Hoover. In spite of its depleted condition, a strong work has been developed. Staff consists of 1 American physician, I assistant Armenian physician, I American nurse, 1 graduate pharmacist, 5 native nurses, 3 orderlies and 10 servants and helpers. Beds, 55; outpatients, 1,665; inpatients, 323; operations, 350. $3000 in needed yearly for current expenses.

W e s t M e m o r i a l , S i v a s .—The hospital staff: 1 American physician, 1 Arme­ nian physician, I American nurse, 1 pharmacist and an assistant pharmacist, 5 native nurses, 1 orderly and 2 helpers. Beds, 25 and 2 cribs; clinical cases, 1,340; hospital cases, 188; total patients, 1,528; operations, n o ; dispensary dressings Missions in Turkey IOI and treatments, 3,089; prescriptions filled in drug room, 1,980; visits made in the city, 600. Typhus fever, cholera and pulmonary tuberculosis have been the severest diseases. The assistant doctor conducted a class in physiology in the Normal School. A second hospital building is in view.

Publications

T h e “ A v e d a p e r .” — A n Armenian paper published in weekly and monthly editions. Subscription list numbers 640.

T h e “ R a h n u m a .” — A reissue of the Armeno-Turkish Avedaper, only under native management-. The paper prospers with 2,460 subscribers.

T h e “ O r i e n t .” — A weekly English paper, edited by Air. Riggs, dealing with affairs in Turkey and the Near East. Circulation, 600 copies.

P ublications a t C onstantinople : Copies Pocket Hymn Book, .8,000; books in Turkish, 7,000; Armeno-Turkish Reader, 7,000; English-Turkish lexicon, l,ooo; Sunday school aids, etc., 4,000. Total pages from the mission press were 8,562,600.

CENTRAL TURKEY

C e n t r a l T u r k e y C o l l e g e f o r B o y s , A i n t a b .—Founded in 1876. Funds held in America by “ Trustees of Donations for Education in Turkey.” Board of Managers composed of both missionaries and natives. Faculty consists of 2 American and 18 native teachers; student body, in the college, 87; preparatory, 160. Total enrollment exceeds last year by 68. Moslem students are increasing. More dormitory space and other buildings are greatly needed.

C e n t r a l T u r k e y C o l l e g e f o r G i r l s , M a r a s h .—Total attendance 118; 68 in the college and 50 in the preparatory department; 25 boarders; 98 were Protestants, 36 church members, and 22 Gregorians. The graduating class of 12 raises the alumnae to 185. A school for Moslem girls is doing excellent work. The music department is a strong attraction. T h e college is unable adequately to supply the demand for teachers.

C e n t r a l T u r k e y T h e o l o g ic a l S e m i n a r y , M a r a s h .— A class of 10 have completed the first of the three years’ course. One American and two Armenian instructors. Library of 3 ,2 11 volumes. Prescribed work covered 550 hours of instruction. Living graduates number 142, besides 72 specials.

S t . P a u l ’ s I n s t i t u t e , T a r s u s .— Total students, 170; in college, 74; in acad­ emy, 96; boarders, 139; day-pupils, 31. They came from 41 towns and villages. Moslems were 2, Greeks 11 and Armenians 155. Fifty-four were orphans. Graduates from the college, 9; from the academy, 23. Faculty of 13, of whom 6 are foreign.

G i r l s ’ S e m i n a r y , A i n t a b .— Total enrollment, 156; graduates 23; boarders, 42. Four Moslems were in attendance. The preparatory department is increas­ ing. Eleven teachers, 8 of whom are native. Special progress made in the teaching, sewing and English departments. 102 Missions in Turkey

A d a n a S e m i n a r y f o r G i r l s .— Total pupils 180, of whom 40 were high school grade. From Protestant homes, 35; Jews, 5; Greeks, 16; Turks, 1; boarders, 73; orphans, 42. The teachers, 8 Armenians, 5 Greeks and 5 foreigners; total, 18. The graduates numbered 5. The outstanding need is a normal and kindergarten training department to supply the demand for teachers.

H a d jin H o m e S c h o o l .— Founded 1880. The high school for girls, with 39 in the high school grade, 127 intermediate, 47 in model school, and 54 kinder­ garteners; total, 267. Eleven graduates, 9 Armenians and 2 Greeks. The primary department has been discontinued, because the village school has raised its standard. Aside from 3 Americans and assistants, there are n native teachers and 1 matron. Thorough instruction in housework and sewing. The alumnae number 204, and are supporting the model school.

B o y s ’ H ig h S c h o o l , H a d j i n .— Founded 1 8 9 3 . Ninety pupils and 4 teachers. Thirteen boys received diplomas. The boarding department enrolled 27. The native community has a large share in the support and management of the school.

S h a t t u c k S c h o o l f o r t h e B l i n d , O o r f a .— A school maintained by voluntary support. Four years’ course, including instruction in chair caning, tent weaving, knitting and other manual arts. Twenty-one pupils; 4 graduates.

I n d u s t r i a l W o r k , O o r f a .— The handkerchief industry has employed 2,700 women and girls. All goods are shipped to a firm in Ireland. Fully 10,000 people supported by this department. Among the workers were 50 Moslems, 350 Protestants and the rest Gregorians. Eight thousand were taught to read the Bible. The American Industrial Institute for boys includes carpenter, machine, ironsmith, tailor and shoe shops. Graduates become efficient work­ men, and some take higher studies. Of the 40 boys, 26 were from the orphanage.

Medical Work

T h e A z a r i a h S m it h M e m o r i a l H o s p i t a l , A i n t a b .— The medical department if Central Turkey College. Staff: 2 American and 3 native physicians, 2 Ameri­ can and 6 native nurses, 1 dispenser; total, 14, not including servants. Ward patients, 394; outpatients, 5,492; operations, 656; visits at clinic by patients, 2 7 ,6 11; surgical dressings, 20,160. The doctors made 2,220 visits in the homes of the people. Outpatients came from 300 cities and villages, all the way from Jerusalem to Constantinople. Among the inpatients were 167 Moslems, 140 Gregorians, 46 Protestants, 13 Jews, 14 Roman Catholics and 14 Orthodox Greeks. There is urgent need for a larger equipment and a larger staff.

T h e I nternational H o s p i t a l , A d a n a .— This hospital, completing its third year, was brought into existence by the massacres of 1909. On the staff are I American and 1 native physician, 4 foreign and 4 native nurses and 4 helpers; in all, 14, embracing 6 nationalities. Inpatients, 309; of whom 241 were Armenians, 46 Turks, 7 Greeks, 4 Syrians, and 6 others. Surgical operations, 73; 3,823 pa­ tients in the clinics received 10,352 treatments.

P ublications : On the college press at Aintab 110,000 pages were printed, and 64,800 on other presses, making a total of 174,800. Missions in Turkey 103

EASTERN TURKEY

E u p h r a t e s C o l l e g e , H a r p o o t .— Including the boys’ and the girls’ depart­ ments, the total students were 802, of whom 119 boys and 80 girls were in the four college classes. The boys’ primary department has been closed. The girls’ preparatory school numbers 116 , the primary school 144, and the kindergarten 55. The faculty has 8 full professors and 35 other teachers, 6 of whom are mis­ sionaries. Since the founding of the institution in 1878, 317 men and 191 women have received the college diploma. There is a flourishing self-help department.

T h e o l o g ic a l S e m i n a r y , H a r p o o t .— Closed for the present; to be opened when a missionary is appointed to this work.

B o y s ’ H i g h a n d B o a r d in g S c h o o l , V a n .— Fifteen Armenian and 2 missionary teachers. Total enrollment, 446: of whom 40 are in the high school and 406 in the preparatory department. The branch preparatory school in the Walled City has 4 teachers and 94 pupils. Grand total of pupils, 540.

G i r l s ’ H i g h a n d B o a r d in g S c h o o l , V a n .— S ixteen Armenian and 2 m is­ sionary teachers. Enrolled, 410 p u p ils ; 30 in high school and 380 in preparatory departments. Branch school in the Walled City has 4 teachers and 74 p u p ils. Grand total, 484. The Kindergarten at the station has 48 boys and 30 girls, and the branch in the Walled City, 16 boys and 18 girls; total attendance, 112.

B o y s ’ H ig h a n d B o a r d in g S c h o o l , E r z r o o m .— Eighty-five pupils, of whom 20 are high school grade, 2 5 intermediate and 40 primary. Boarders, 15. Four teachers. Trains for teaching and business life.

G i r l s ’ H i g h a n d B o a r d in g S c h o o l , E r z r o o m .— T otal pupils enrolled were 200.

G e o r g e C. K n a p p A c a d e m y , B i t l i s (Boys’ High and Boarding School).— Teaching force includes 6 natives besides the partial services of 4 missionaries. Twelve grades for its 15 1 pupils. Of these, 21 in the high school department, 35 in the grammar, 45 in the primary, and 50 in the sub-primary. Boarders, 3 1; day-pupils, 120. Ten orphans among the boarders.

G i r l s ’ B o a r d in g S c h o o l , B i t l i s (Mt. Holyoke School).— Forty-one pupils, 6 of high school grade and 39 in lower grades.

B o y s ’ H i g h S c h o o l , M a r d i n .— Enrollment of 5 5 pupils for the year. Four graduated. Pupils received at any time. Individual method in the advanced classes.

G i r l s ’ H i g h S c h o o l , M a r d i n .— Thirty-nine pupils were enrolled. Work begun on the foundation for new building. The kindergarten has been suspended during Miss Graff’s furlough.

M a r d i n T h e o l o g ic a l S e m i n a r y .— The training class of 10 young men com­ pleted the three years’ course, all receiving diplomas. According to the custom of the station of calling a class every five years, the next class will be formed in 1916. 104 Missions in Turkey

Medical Work

A n n i e T r a c y R i g g s M e m o r i a l H o s p i t a l , H a r p o o t .— The second year of the hospital has more than doubled the first in the amount of medical work. The two buildings are completed and all improvements made. The staff has i Ameri­ can physician and an American matron, i European nurse and 6 native nurses in training, and 3 pharmacists. Clinic patients, 5,234; bedside visits, 1,492; out­ patients, 6,726; surgical operations, 424; total dressings and applications, 19,923. Places represented by patients, 227. Pharmacy prescription sales, 9,103.

H o s p i t a l a t V a n .— Staff: 1 American physician, 1 English nurse, 9 native nurses and 2 druggists. Fifty beds in hospital. Besides a large number of major operations, there were 284 patients in the hospital and 3,000 treatments in the dispensary.

H o s p i t a l a n d D i s p e n s a r y , M a r d i n .— The staff: 1 missionary physician and 1 American nurse. Patients in the hospital were 5,025 and the treatments in the dispensary, 6,000. The ward for the women patients has been enlarged. An assistant surgeon is an immediate need.

H o s p i t a l a n d D i s p e n s a r y , D i a r b e k i r .— Closed until a physician is appointed to the work. Funds from native sources are in hand for its maintenance.

Industrial Work

H a r p o o t I n d u s t r i e s .— The industrial work for the orphans is gradually being closed up. Rug making is limited to the stock of wool in hand. The lace indus­ try employs 125 women, principally in needle work and Irish crochet.

V a n I n d u s t r i e s .— Rug and lace making. An aid to orphans and needy people. M a r d i n I n d u s t r i e s .— The lace industry for the wromen and girls has employed 400 hands. The product is marketed mostly in New England. The department connected with the Boys’ High School has educational as well as self-help value. Carpentry, stone-dressing, printing, book-binding and the culinary art are taught.

P ublications : The Euphrates College press does all the work for the college, including tracts, books, a weekly religious paper and a bi-weekly magazine, called the Yeprad. The hand press at Mardin has printed 28,150 pages in English and 1,300 in Arabic characters. One thousand copies of abridged lessons in the Old Testa­ ment were issued from the press. Manuscript for the Gospel of Matthew in the Arabo-Koordish has been delivered to the press at Beirut. Missions in Turkey 105

TABLE OF STATISTICS FOR 1911

European Western Central Eastern Turkey Turkey Turkey Turkey Total

Population of field...... 9 ,8 8 6 ,0 0 0 10,997,650 1,5 8 6 ,0 0 0 1,939,300 2 2 ,4 0 8 ,9 5 0

Number of Stations...... 6 6 6 5 23 Outstations...... 52 97 6 1 95 305

Missionaries, total...... 34: 81 38 47 20 0 Ordained...... 14 ! 2 3 8 12 57 Physicians and others. 6 3 2 1 1 W ives...... 1 3 2 6 10 14 ' 6 3 Single women...... 7 2 6 17 19 69 Special service...... 27 13 8 48

Native laborers, total.... 106 450 347 288 1 , 1 9 1 Ordained preachers. .. 16 41 19 25 IOX Unordained preachers 16 32 2 “ 36 h i Teachers...... 57 336 242 190 8 2 5 Bible-women...... 8 18 33 3i 90 Other helpers...... 9 2 3 26 6 6 4

Congregations...... 6 1 124 62 82 3 2 9 Organized churches. . . 21 44 37 46 148 Communicants...... 1,6 4 0 4,384 6,838 2,7 ï9 i 5,58i Added, 1 9 1 1 ...... 1 2 6 175 26] 155 717 Adherents...... 4,340 1 6 , 1 3 1 2 1,3 12 x 1,990 53,773 Sunday schools...... 6 1 126 72 78 337 S. S. membership. . . . 2 ,8 3 9 10,224 13 ,8 4 2 6,394 33,299

Schools, total...... 2 4 153 133 68 378 Theological Sch...... 1 1 1 2 5 Students in Theol.. . . 4 5 1 0 12 31 Colleges...... 1 2 3 1 7 Students...... 89 600 433 995 2 , 1 1 7 Boarding and High Schs...... 4 12 15 8 39 Students...... 256 i ,737 1,372 i , 3H 4 ,6 7 6 Other sehools...... 18 138 114 57 327 Students...... 439 6,592 5,651 1,562 14 ,2 4 4 00 Total students...... 78 8 9,056 rC 7,589 2 4 ,9 1 1

Hospitals...... 3 2 4 9 Dispensaries...... 3 i 5 9 Patients...... 8,186: 1 0 ,0 18 1 1 , 2 1 7 2 9 ,4 2 1 Treatments...... 1 8 ,8 1 8 6 4 ,6 5 0 28,943 1 1 2 , 4 1 1

Native contributions .... $6,418 $ 85,738 $ 47;156 $16 ,335 $ 155,647 The China Missions

Stations: Locations and Special Work of Missionaries

FOOCHOW MISSION

P o n a s a n g (1847), (Foochow suburbs).— Miss Elsie M. Garretson: Principal of Foochow Girls’ College. Miss Irene Law Dornblaser: Language study; Teach­ ing in Foochow Girls’ College. Miss Gertrude H. Blanchard; Language study; educational work.

FOOCHOW C i t y (1848).— Lym an P. Peet, ordained: Charge of Foochow Press and Tai Bing Ga church; secretary oí the mission. Mrs. Caroline K. Peet: Teacher in Foochow College. Hardman N. Kinnear, M.D.: Ir charge of Foochow Hospital and dispensary; mission treasurer. Mrs. Ellen J. Kinnear: Associate in medical work. Willard L . Beard, ordained: President of Foochow College. Lewis Hodous, ordained: Professor in Union Theological Seminary; evanglistic work of Foochow, Ponasang and Diongloh; vice-president of Foochow College. Mrs. Anna J. Hodous: Work for women. Leonard I. Christian, ordained: Lan­ guage study; physical director in Foochow College; also commissary department of Foochow College. Mrs. Agnes M. Christian: Teaching. Charles L. Gillette, M. D.: Language study; associate in medical work. Miss Martha S. Wiley: Teacher in Foochow College: woman’s work. Miss Edna M. Deahl: Language study; educational work. Miss Mary T. Ledyard: Language study: teaching in Union Kindergarten Training School. Miss Daisy D. M. Brown: Language study; evangelistic work.

P a g o d a A n c h o r a g e .— George H. Hubbard, ordained: Evangelistic work. Mrs. Nellie L. Hubbard: Work for women.

D io n g L o h .—Frederick P- Beach, ordained: Language study; evangelistic work. Mrs. Ruth W. Beach: In charge of Abbie Child Memorial School. Miss Elizabeth S. Perkins: Woman’s evangelistic work; in charge of Day Schools and Boys’ Primary School.

I n g h o k (1863).—Henry T. Whitney, M.D.: Medical work. Mrs. Lurie Ann Whitney: Teacher in Boys’ School. Edward H. Smith, ordained: In charge of Boys’ Boarding School; evangelistic and general work of the station; editor of Foochow Messenger. Mrs. Grace W. Smith: Work for women. Miss Caroline E . Chittenden: Charge of Girls’ Boarding School and other educational work. Miss Elaine Strang: Language study; kindergartner.

S h a o w u (1876).— Joseph E . Walker, D .D ., ordained: In charge of general evangelistic work of the station. Edward L. Bliss, M.D.: Medical work. Mrs. Minnie M. Bliss: Woman’s work. Edwin D. Kellogg, ordained: Teacher in Boys' School; evangelistic work; station treasurer. Mrs. Alice R. Kellogg: Station secretary. Miss Josephine C. Walker: General work for women; teacher in Boys’ and Girls’ Schools. 106 The China Missions 107

On furlough.—George M. Newell; Mrs. Mary R. Newell; Charles L. Storrs, ordained; Mrs. Ellen L. Beard; Miss Frances K. Bement; Miss Lucy P. Bement M.D.; Miss Hannah C. Woodhull; Miss Kate C. Woodhull; Miss Emily S. Hart­ well; Miss Grace A. Funk.

Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— (Foochow), Mr. William H. Topping, tutor in Foochow College; (Ponasang), Miss Clara H. Dornblaser, teacher of English in Foochow Girls' College. Mr. and Mrs. Newell, Mr. Storrs, the Misses Bement, the Misses Woodhull, Miss Hartwell and Miss Funk have come home during the year for their fur­ lough. Mr. and Mrs. Hubbard have returned to their station. Mr. and Mrs. Gardner are unable to return to the mission on account of ill health. Mr. Christian and Miss Meebold were married on the 22d of February. Mr. Peet, upon his own initiative resigned from the presidency of Foochow College and Mr. Beard was asked by the mission to take his place. Mrs. Beard is remaining in this country for a while. Several new appointments have been made this year: Dr. Charles L. Gillette for medical work; Miss Elaine Strang a kindergartner to be associated writh Miss Chittenden at Inghok; Miss Mary T. Ledyard for the Union Kindergarten Training School at Foochow\ and Miss Daisy D. M. Brown for the Bible Woman’s Training School at Foochow.

THE SOUTH CHINA MISSION

CANTON.— Charles A. Nelson, ordained: In charge of general work of the station; secretary of the mission. Mrs. Jennie M. Nelson: Woman’s work and teaching in B oy’s Primary School. Obed S. Johnson, ordained: Language study; general work. Mrs. Vida L . Johnson; Teaching and woman’s work. Miss Edna Lowrey: Principal of Girls’ School. Miss Ruth Mulliken: Language study; teach­ ing. Miss S. Josephine Davis: Language study; teaching.

H o n g K o n g .— The personnel of the mission has remained the same throughout the year. THE NORTH CHINA MISSION

T i e n t s i n ( i8 6 0 ) .— Charles E. Ewing, ordained: General work of the station. Robert E . Chandler, ordained: Language study; general missionary work. Mrs. Helen D. Chandler: Language study. Miss Edith Davis: Language study; principal of Girls' School; work for women and children.

P e k i n g ( 18 6 4 ) .— Chauncey Goodrich, D.D., ordained: Revision of Mandarin Bible; literary work. Mrs. Sarah B. Goodrich: Teaching; W. C. T. U. work and general work for women. George D. Wilder, ordained: Professor in Union Theological Seminary. Mrs. Gertrude W. Wilder: Work for women. William B. Stelle, ordained: General evangelistic work. Mrs. M. Elizabeth Stelle: Kinder­ garten and woman’s work. Harry S. Martin, ordained: Language study; edu­ cational work. Mrs. Rose L. Martin: Language study; work for women. O. Haughton Love, M .D .: Language study; medical work. Mrs. Caroline E . Love: Language study. Miss Luella Miner: Principal of North China Union College for Women. Mrs. Mary P. Ament: Woman’s work. Miss Bertha P . Reed: Educational work. Miss May N. Corbett and Miss Lucy I. Mead: Teachers in io8 The China Missions

North China Union College for Women. Miss Mary E. Vanderslice: Language study; kindergartner. Miss Louis E. Miske: Language study.

K a l g a n (1867).— Charles S. Heininger, ordained: Mrs. Lulu M. Heininger; Mr. and Mrs. P. W. Dierberger: Under the Methodist Protestant Missionary Society.

T u n g c h o w (1867).— Devello Z. Sheffield, D .D., ordained: Chairman of com­ mittee for the revision of the Bible in classical Chinese; president-emeritus of the North China Union College; professor of Political Science. Mrs. Eleanore W . Sheffield: Teacher in the North China Union College; and superintendent of Boys’ School. Arthur H. Smith, D.D., ordained: Missionary at large. Mrs. Emma D. Smith: Woman’s work. James H. Ingram, M.D.: Medical work and teaching in North China Union Medical College. Mrs. Myrtle B. Ingram: Work for women. Howard S. Galt, ordained: Principal of North China Union College; secretary of the mission. Mrs. Louise A. Galt: Woman’s work. Lucius C. Porter, ordained: Professor in the North China Union College. Mrs. Lillian D. Porter: Woman’s work. Murray S. Frame, ordained: Language study; evangelistic work. Dean R. Wickes, ordained: Language study; educational work. Mrs. Fanny R. Wickes: Language study. Miss Mary E. Andrews: Woman’s work. Miss Delia D. Leavens: Educational work. Miss Jessie E. Payne: Educational work.

P a o t in g f u (1873).—Elmer W. Galt, ordained: Language study; general work of the station. Mrs. Altie C. Galt: Language study; woman’s work. Miss Abbie G. Chapin: Woman’s work. Miss Isabelle Phelps, ordained: Language study; evangelistic work.

P a n g c h w a n g (1880).—Francis F. Tucker, M.D.: Medical work; in charge of Williams Hospital. Mrs. Emma Boose Tucker, M.D.: Medical work. Arie B. DeHaan, ordained: General work of the station; acting-superintendent of Boj^s’ High School. Mrs. Sarah S. DeHaan: Woman’s work. Misses E. Gertrude and H. Grace Wyckoff: Woman’s work. Miss Myra L. Sawyer: Language study; nurse in Williams Hospital.

L intsingchow (1886).—Vinton P. Eastman, ordained: Superintendent of Boys’ School. Mrs. Florence C. Eastman: Woman's work. Miss Susan B. Tallmon, M.D.: Medical work. Miss Edith C. Tallmon: Language study; edu­ cational work. On furlough.—Mrs. Bessie G. Ewing; Charles W. Young, M.D.; Mrs. Olivia D. Young; James H. McCann; Mrs. Netta K. McCann; Emery W. Ellis, ordained: Mrs. Minnie C. Ellis; Miss Mabel A. Ellis; Charles A. Stanley, ordained; Mrs. Louise H. Stanley; Miss Laura N. Jones; Miss Lucia E. Lyons; Miss Alice S. Browne. Associate with the mission, not under appointment.— (Peking), Mrs. Frances D. Wilder, Treasurer of the mission; (Tungchow), Mr. Ernest T. Shaw, Tutor in North China Union College. Mr! and Mrs. Stanley, Mr. and Mrs. Ellis, Miss Mabel Ellis, Dr. and Mrs. Young, Miss Lyons and Miss Browne have come home during the year for their furlough. Mr. and Mrs. M cCann have also entered upon their furlough, re­ maining in England for a while. Dr. and Mrs. Goodrich have returned to the The China Missions 109

mission and will make their home in Peking, or wherever most convenient for the work of Bible Revision. Dr. and Mrs. Ingram and Miss Payne have returned to Tungchow. Miss Leavens, who was obliged to come home during the year on account of her health, has also returned to Tungchow. AI iss MacGown was mar­ ried on Ju ly 31st to Prof. R . T . Evans of Pei-Yang University. Mr. and Mrs. Aiken have resigned from the work of the Board but are expecting to return to work for the joint Bible Societies on Bible Revision. Miss Grace Wyckoff has helped for the past year at Tientsin between the time of Miss MacGown's de­ parture and until Miss Davis was ready to take charge of the Girls’ School. There have been four new recruits appointed this past year: Mr. and Mrs. Dean R. Wickes and M iss Louise E . Miske under regular appointment, and Mr. Ernest T. Shaw for a term of three years.

THE SHANSI MISSION

T a i k u h s i e n ( 1 8 8 2 ) .— Willoughby A. Hemingway, M .D .: Medical work. Airs. M ary E. Hemingway: Work for women. Wynn C. Fairfield, ordained: Lan­ guage study; evangelistic work. Mrs. Daisie G. Fairfield: Educational work. Jesse B. Wolfe: Educational work. Airs. Clara A. Wolfe: Work for women. Mark Williams, ordained: Missionary emeritus. Aliss Flora K. Heebner: Gen­ eral work for women. Miss Susan H. Connelly: Language study; nursing and assistant in medical work.

F e n c h o w (1883).— W atts O. Pye, ordained: General evangelistic work. Percy T. Watson, M .D .: Language study; medical work. Mrs. Clara F . Watson: Language study; work for women. Miss Gertrude Chaney: Educational work for women. Miss Grace E. McConnaughey: Language study; educational work for women. On furlough.— Paul L. Corbin, ordained; Mrs. Miriam L. Corbin. Mr. and Mrs. Corbin have come home for their furlough, Airs. Corbin coming in January and Air. Corbin following later in the year. Dr. and Mrs. Heming­ way and Mr. Williams have returned to the mission after furlough. Mrs. Williams has returned to the United States after rendering valuable service in getting the mission started again. Air. and Airs. Fairfield came home on account of Mrs. Fairfield’s health, Mr. Fairfield returning at once and Airs. Fairfield expecting to return before many months. Mr. and Mrs. Wolfe, formerly connected,with Peking University, have recently been appointed for educational work in the Taiku station. Air. Wolfe is on the ground and Airs. Wolfe has come to the United States for a brief rest, expecting to return soon. Air. Leete who had planned to go out in the fall was prevented by illness but expects to go some time in the winter or spring. Two other new recruits have been appointed re­ cently: Miss Connelly, a nurse going to Taiku to assist Dr. Henangway, and Miss Anna W. Kauffmann to be associated with Aliss Heebner at Taiku but not to go out until some time next year. n o The China Missions

CHINA MISSIONS

The Revolution Possibilities. The year 1911-12 will stand out as epoch making, as it marks the beginning of a new era. Never in the history of China has there been a more radical political change. In the Chinese revolution, which has led to the abdication of the Manchus after 260 years’ rule and the establishment of a republican form of government, the missionaries of China have been witnesses of one of the most remarkable events ever recorded in history,—an event which they feel will make previous conditions in China impossible again. For China the change from a monarchy, with its intrenchment behind the shelter of tradition and experience, to a twentieth century republic has been so tremendous that description must be inadequate, and any forecast as to all that may be involved quite presumptuous. If the transformation proves to be as per­ manent and radical as the ideals of the new leaders, the results will soon be manifest to the whole world. A new factor has entered into the life of the world, whose influ­ ence and power time only will reveal. Never before has any single event affected such a large proportion of the world’s population, and missionaries are led to ask whether any existent race holds any such possibilities for influencing their fellowmen and bringing changes into as many phases of life as do the Chinese republicans. First Effect. The revolution has naturally a disquieting influence upon all Christian workers, foreign and native, and much if not all of the regular work had to be set aside for more or less time. Mis­ sionaries in Shansi, together with those in the interior districts of North China, were ordered to Peking, and those in Shao-wu and the interior stations of the Foochow Mission were called to Foochow. Canton missionaries were safe in that city. Some one missionary, however, was left in practically all of the stations, in charge of property and work and as encouragement to the Chinese Christians. Those in the congested centres, however, were not idle but had much to do in connection with medical, educational and evangelistic work. They faced a rare opportunity and met it with earnestness and efficiency. The educational work showed a varied effect of the revolution, when, for example, the panic prevailed in Peking about the first of November, 1911, Tungchow College was so much agitated that The China Misssions h i the students were filled with fear and some returned to their homes for a brief period. The students throughout the country, both Christian and non-Christain, created the new spirit of the day. This new class was partly made up of men who had started in Japan where the schools were hotbeds of revolutionary ideas. One of the college students paid the penalty of his revolutionary activities with his life. The college was closed for a while. The boys’ school at Pao-ting-fu had to be dismissed, as parents were anxious for the safety of their children. The school work in Peking, however, steadily progressed without much interruption. At Foochow College the students were imbued with revolutionary feelings, and so many of them took part in the war. Some of the girls also joined, even though the missionary institutions were like the nations they represented,—wholly neutral. The schools in Peking and Pang- chwang went on as usual, as the revolution did not molest that part of the country. In Taiku the all-powerful student class began catch the spirit of the revolution. Mr. Kung, in charge of the Oberlin Memorial School at Taiku, was called upon by the officials of the city to act as chief of police. The Academy was obliged to stop work, though the primary schools in the country kept on. At Fenchow there was a good deal of distraction at first among the students. The boarding school at one of the outstations, Liu Lin, Chen, suffered severely during the troubles, but this was largely due to the depredations of a secret society that covered a large part of the adjoining province of Shensi, and crossed the border at times into the Shansi field. The evangelistic work of all the fields suffered more or less, but generally speaking it was remarkable how much work was kept up as usual, in spite of conditions. In many parts much of the touring had to be given up, yet the missionaries were kept busy in dealing with emergency cases and in meeting the opportunities for successful preaching of the gospel. Paotingfu was perhaps more seriously affected by the revolution than any other station. From the very beginning the regular work was entirely upset. Perhaps this was due to the fact that Paotingfu is an important military centre. The schedule of work was broken into, regular touring found impos­ sible. Even one of the station native workers was arrested on sus­ picion. Station classes planned for had to be given up and street chapels closed on March 1st. The city was a seething mass of men, filled with the lust of plunder. It was anarchy, pure and simple. From a Friday evening to the following Tuesday there was no attempt 112 The China Missions to restrain the forces of lawlessness, and pandemonium reigned. The result was fearful destruction. Over 250 strangers came into the gates of the Mission compound on one evening, chiefly women and children. The suffering in the city was most acute and most difficult to relieve. Yet these developments brought the missionaries of Paotingfu many new opportunities, giving them free access to and placing them on most intimate terms with a class of people hitherto untouched. The Chinese Church. It has been a sifting time for the Chinese Christians and the months of danger and uncertainty have tested the faith of all, and brought out into a clear and brighter light the well grounded character and earnestness of the Chinese Church. This bearing of the Christians and native Christians in a time of national stress inspires deep gratitude. One example of meeting the test successfully is that of the Peking church, where half of the membership has been Chinese and half Manchus. When the class feeling which highly exalted the Chinese throughout the Empire and later the counter ascendancy of the Manchus rose to the extreme, the church held to its steady, unchanging vision of brotherhood and came out triumphantly. The common anxiety and danger gave splendid opportunity for neighborliness. Church­ men formed with the neighbors a protective association and the division between those in the church and those without was for­ gotten in the eagerness of common service. The North church caught the spirit of neighborhood cooperation and the opportunity was also seized by some of the country churches. This means that the churches in the various localities around Peking are better under­ stood than a year ago, and on the other hand the Christians regard their own neighbors with more hope. This increased friendliness is a spiritual asset and bound to do incalculable good. What has been true of Peking has in greater or less degree been true of all other districts harassed by the revolution. At Foochow, for exam­ ple, the East Gate church, after the battle on the hill, together with the Water Gate church, opened its doors to the Manchus, quite a large number of whom have been regularly attending since then. Exaltation of Missionaries. The struggle too has shown what a real part of the people the foreign missionaries have come to be. This is true not only with respect to the Christians, but likewise the great mass of Chinese lying far beyond the personal acquaint­ ance of the missionary. In former days, as one missionary put it the people looked to the missionary as some people look to the The China Missions 113 weather bureau, that is, they kept quiet so long as the church showed a calm and unfrightened front and were confident that all would be well so long as they saw the missionaries going about their duties as usual. Religious Liberty. Church history will mark this year as the year the Chinese received religious liberty. Nothing could bet­ ter show the suddenness of the transition than the fact that in November when the revolution was bursting in the south, the Christian leaders at Peking were send­ ing throughout China peti­ tions to be presented to the parliament, whose time for assembling had in three years approached from ten years to one. Before the time ap­ pointed, however, that is in February, President Yuan of the new republic, without solicitation, announced to the Peking pastors full reli­ gious liberty. The single flaw of withholding the suffrage from religious leaders seems rather an inadvertence than a purposeful restriction, and will probably soon be re­ moved. The granting thus of religious liberty is so great President Yuan Shih Kai a boon that all interested re­ quire time in order adequately to appreciate the full meaning. President Yuan Shih Kai asserts that the principles of Christianity are what he is striving for in the republic. Opportunity. Magnificent new opportunities are presented to the Christian world. We are given a free access to and are placed on most intimate terms with a class of people hitherto untouched. Gratifying reports have been coming in from every part of the field since the overthrow of the Manchu dynasty, telling of the changed 8 114 The China Missions attitude on the part of the people. There is a new interest in the Gospel of Christ. Questions are asked. People on all sides are speaking of the goodness of the Jesus Church. It is not enough, however, to congratulate ourselves upon the manifestation of this friendly spirit. It devolves upon us to show that Christianity holds something higher than China has or can obtain elsewhere. The Chinese are not going to seek connection with the Church in the hope of obtaining employment, which has been the motive of so many in times past. But there are among them those who have an acute sense of their own need of stronger and better characteristics, and of a more altruistic spirit. Such realize their own helplessness in the many problems which come with the new era. Whether they realize it or not there is the primary need of a new heart. We must emphasize, therefore, again the importance of the present hour. It is hard to conceive of the future’s ever presenting a vaster opportunity than that which we are now face to face with in the great, wide open fields of China. The Chinese extremity is our opportunity. A new educational era in China, for example, is already begun. It may win its victories slowly and only after many reactions; but it is destined to triumph in the end. The revolution is born of modern education; has drawn its forces from it, and the leaders will continue to work out a good modern system of schools and government. These first years of the new régime will be the time when China may be evangelized through a wise development of Christian education. Let the churches of America awake and flood China with men and money, and literally millions of children will be reached through the Mission schools, and in another genera­ tion China may be called a Christian republic. It is well known even among the common people that certain leaders of new China are earnest, evangelical Christians. Why cannot the rank and file be given the same ideals and spirit. The opportunity which we face is no less a one than the opportunity for an effective Christianization of China through Christian education. It is an hour of deep significance in China’s history. The greatest results can be accomplished by the entire Church taking up this task unselfishly, undividedly, non-competitively. The burden is too heavy for any single communion and too difficult for them all together, acting independently. The new conditions demand more than cooperation. They compel a masterly mass­ ing and organizing of the resources of the Church into a body that The China Missions US can act as a unit without waste of power. “Never since Calvary” has such an opportunity and challenge confronted the Church. The new Chinese flag is emblematic of the new union. Red, yellow, blue, white and black stand for the five so-called races form­ ing the new republic—Chinese, Manchus, Mongols, Tibetans and Mohammedans. Educational No trait of the Chinese is more apparent and persistent than respect and craving for an education. The benefits of education appeal as deeply to the Chinese as does his intuitive understanding that peace is the best policy. In spite of over prolific propagation and consequent poverty —in spite of all these obstacles, the Chinese for ages have made education the bulwark of their government and persisted in seeking its benefits. With the new freedom and power they will make conspicuous advance. Schools are almost the first rallying cry of the new government. The revolution is the birth pang of a new education. Men and women of all classes are matriculating. Free­ ing the feet, sloughing the queue and adopting foreign custom is only the outward indication of the earnest spirit of going to school. China’s great need is for able Christian teachers. But the Chinese do not generally appre­ ciate that all education leads to God the Father. Throughout the nation which is being born anew makers of public opinion are strug­ gling mightily for education, simply for its apparent relief. Because we know that education is even better than they think, we must push forward missionary education. The Chinese are seeking after truth and we must give them the best we know. This is an im­ portant transition stage in man’s development and it is ours to help this great nation to its destiny, to live as God’s children. There is no space for full reports from the schools and colleges of the Board in China. As shown above, the work, to some extent, was broken up during the year because of the revolution. For statistics and other details pertaining to the institutions, see the dose of this report. i i 6 The China Missions

Beginning in the midst of the plague and closing in the midst of the revolution, the year’s work at the North China Union College in Tungchow was not marked by extraordinary features. In the report last year mention was made of a demerit system. This has been in operation throughout the year and has unquestionably been of great value in dealing with minor offences. The regulation of the boarding department of a school always presents difficulties. It was a great relief when the faculty, soon after the beginning of the spring term, persuaded the students to undertake the management of their own boarding department. After a month of experiment the plan proved satisfactory to both students and faculty, and has been in successful operation throughout the year. No change was made in the teaching staff until the end of the spring term, when Mr. Ebeling retired from the English department. Miss Andrews was obliged to withdraw from her place as teacher of ¿he Bible in the college. Her work, however, created for her a place of abiding influence in the hearts of the students. The senior class graduated is the largest in the history of the college. The student' religious activities during the year have been about as usual. The Y . M. C. A. was in excellent condition until near the close of the college year, and took a larger share than heretofore in organizing and directing the Bible study of the students. Affiliated with it is the Student Volunteer Band. The students’ literary societies have carried on their work as usual, the revolutionary movement furnishing weighty themes of vital interest, and stimulating the students to fiery eloquence. Steps have been taken to establish a special one-year course, primarily for college graduates, in the principles and methods of education. A new card catalog of the library has made the books more accessible to teachers and students, and a satisfactory librarian has at last been secured. The year’s work was brought to an abrupt close without final reviews, examinations or graduating exercises. North China Woman's College. The resignation of Miss Porter calls for reference to her noble work as pioneer in the Bridgman school, and again for reconstruction following 1900. The college has added to its number of teachers both Chinese and foreign. The total enrollment for the year was 125, all but seven of whom were boarders. The college started last September with the high­ est enrollment in the history of the school. Opportunities for the students to do Christian work outside the school are increasing with the changing times. On the whole the spirit of the school has been excellent. The events of the past months increase the urgency The China Missions 117 of the call for such women as can be trained only in Christian institutions. The Union College for women will keep its present growing constituency and with the new life coming to the nation will find its God-given opportunity. Foochow College. Foochow College has experienced a year of peculiar conditions. Never before has the institution been called upon to face so many difficulties. The students interpreted the liberty as license to control the college, as students generally con­ trol the government schools in China, and attempted to secure control under the new spirit of the age. They wished to follow the general trend of public sentiment and so wished to have their guns brought into the compound for military drill. It was decided, however, that according to the rules of neutrality the guns could not be brought to the compound, but that drill would be allowed at any of the government drill grounds. While this question was pending, most of the students left the school. The senior class and about forty others-remained. It is a worthy testimony to the loyalty of the Chinese constituency of the college that the parents w ere prac­ tically unanimous in upholding the action of the college throughout this trying period. The days before the reopening were dark for all who loved the school and had given years of work to build it up. The entering class numbered 55 as against 85 of last year. During these days of adjustment, when both students and teachers were feeling their way back to the old friendship and cooperation, Pastor Ting, of Shantung, warmed the hearts of all with his evangelistic message. After the week he spent in work with the students the atmosphere of the school was changed and the former good feeling restored. Forty-eight students joined the Volunteer Band. Stu­ dents who had been hesitating about returning came happily back. A gift from a New York friend made it possible to enlarge the college plant. Union Theological School. Theological training has begun to be influenced by the new forces toward union which are pervading the churches in China. The three Missions working in northern Fukien Province—the American Board, the Methodist Episcopal and the Church Missionary Society—have united in the establish­ ment of a union theological seminary at Foochow. The school was opened on March 20th, 1912. Its constitution is quite simple. The school is controlled by a board of managers, consisting of two missionaries and one each of the cooperating Missions. It has two courses; one for men who are not graduates of missionary colleges, i i 8 The China Missions and the other for such graduates. The seminary has at present 50 students. It is the hope that it may be affiliated some day with the proposed Christian Union University. Throughout the negotiation looking toward the development of this union semin­ ary, there was manifested a spirit of frankness and liberality and a willingness to lay aside small differences. This promises a hope­ ful future for a larger Christian unity. One notable feature of the Union Theological school is that the three Missions multiply their theological efficiency by three, without increasing the expenses. Ten thousand dollars ($10,000) is needed at once for a new seminary building. Pangchwang Academy. The Grinnell educational movement for Pangchwang Academy is said to have progressed far enough now to warrant its success. We understand that the movement has met the full approval of the Grinnell College faculty and the men’s club of the Grinnell church, who have pledged themselves to its support. It is to be a work similar to that conducted by the Oberlin Shansi Memorial Association. A committee has been appointed to have charge of the home end among the under­ graduates and alumni of Grinnell. We trust that before another year passes we may report that the educational budget of the school will be cared for by Grinnell. It is the hope too that out of this movement may come a director of educational work in the Pangchwang station that seeks to cover a vast region containing many millions of people, with no other school of equal rank and influence. Memorial Academy, Taikuhsien. One of the most encouraging things that has come to our attention in connection with the Me­ morial academy at Taikuhsien is the gift of $150 by the class of 1912, Oberlin College, as their parting gift to the College in the interests of the New Oberlin in China. This money will be used in preserving one of the pavilions that make the Flower Garden a beautiful specimen of Chinese architecture. The increasingly friendly attitude of the Mission’s fellow-workers in the two other Missions that work in Shansi, is a cause of rejoicing and leads our mission­ aries to hope that in company with these brethren of other denomi­ nations they may so plan the future of higher education in Shansi that there shall be a minimum waste in readjustment. The China Missions 119 Evangelistic The evangelistic work of the Board in China comprises all the general work of the missionaries apart from the institutions, bear­ ing upon the establishment and up-building of the native church in city and country. It includes preaching and touring, pastoral

American Board Chapel in Tientsin

work, superintendence of churches, Bible and tract distribution, conferences on methods—all with the aim of bringing about the real evangelization of the millions comprising our field of labor. The missionaries were not able to carry out their plans for touring therfield because of the revolution, but peculiar opportunities were given them in the cities where they resided or remained during the war. For details regarding evangelistic methods it would be well 120 The China Missions to consult last year’s Annual Report, where special space was given to this subject. There is not much of special importance to record here. There has been a general tendency toward self-support on the part of the Chinese, and under the new conditions this advance should be even greater than during the past few years. The Chinese Independent Church of Tientsin, whose organization was reported last year, to which our city chapel was loaned, has had an exceptional experience during the troublous times. At first it was under suspicion of being too sympathetic with the revolution, and for a time the chapel was not considered a safe place for inquirers to appear. In spite of this when the time came for the first anniversary meeting, the church was able to report remarkable growth and favor among the leading families of Tientsin. With the establishment of the republic the church came into increased favor. Possibly this k an indication of the support that a purely Chinese church will find from the people' henceforth. In the Mission church at Hsiku they have had a most encouraging year, thanks to the work of the Home Missionary Society. The church has assumed the salary of a preacher; and in fact money has been raised to relieve the Board of nearly all expense for the support of the church at this centre. The entire management of the affairs of the congregation has been turned over to the Chinese, who have organized by combining the Home Missionary Society and the church into a church board of twelve members, including three women. During the year there was at last consummated the exchange of country field with the London Mission. This has been hanging in the balance for several years. In 1907 the Mission pro­ posed that the churches in the several stations prepare to assume self-support and self-management by the semicentennial year, 1910. Before the end of 1910 the city chapel was in the hands of an independent Chinese church, and now in 1912 the Hsiku church takes a definite step forward in self-support. The women’s work in Tientsin has progressed in spite of the revolution. A growing interest is noticed everywhere. Pang- chwang loaned Miss Wyckoff to Tientsin, and so the work for the women has been pushed with vigor. Five Missions united in evangelistic work during the series of characteristic Chinese fairs held in the temples in Peking and vicinity. Each fair continues about a fortnight. A tent is erected for men and one for women, and relays of Christians The China Missions 121 maintain continuous preaching and scripture selling. At one of these fairs, about five miles northwest of Peking, in a district of Manchu soldier encampments, there was a conspicuous hostility to foreigners and to Christianity. Here seventy people enrolled themselves as de­ sirous of being Christians. Separate tents were erected this spring for boys and girls, where scholars from the Mission schools have been able to preach to throngs of young hearers with striking success. New China is preaching New China with enthusiasm and song. The Church in China must be self-supporting and in the Peking district there are encouraging indications of marked progress towards this goal. The North Church is developing snug or­ ganizations which will bear great responsibilities providentially thrust upon them. The growth and expansion of the Chinese Church, however, is more rapid than the advance in self-support. Possibly for decades the expan­ sive growth will be increasingly greater than the intensive devel­ opment. While we strongly and continuously emphasize self- support, we must also contri­ bute and help the nurture of Needinu the uaht those who are already Christ­ ians, and reach in far greater proportion those who know not yet the love of God. Mr. Goforth held meetings in the Lintsing station during the early part of November, 1911. During the eight days of his stay he gave a series of helpful sermons and much quiet work was done. Owing to the departure to Tientsin of all the foreign missionaries except Mr. Ellis, which occurred almost immediately after the close of the Goforth meetings, plans for spreading the influence of the meetings throughout the field by means of station classes and tours were so interfered with that the results of the meetings were more transient than would otherwise have been the case. Prac­ tically no touring was possible during the year. The number of preachers has decreased temporarily. It is the hope of the station that each outstation may have a preacher with a family, but so far only one outstation has been fortunate to have such. 122 The China Missions

Counting the central station of Pangchwang the missionaries there superintend at present 24 chapels and churches. The matter of perhaps the largest significance in the evangelistic department at Pangchwang has been the demand of the workers for an increase in salary, which has put a heavy financial strain upon the station. One new chapel was built during the year. It is a small mud build­ ing, but the spirit with which the Christians have built it is note­ worthy. A visit by Mr. Tewksbury has stirred all the men of the station to a sense of the need of Sunday school work, and it is possi­ ble that during the coming year this work may be extended through­ out the outstations. The matter of self-support has gotten to the point where the central station is asserting that all local expenses must be paid by the native Christians, excepting the salary of the preacher. At present the Board can afford but one colporter for this vast field. The policy of the station would still call for all church interests to be cared for in the city and not in the station com­ pound premises. Thus it is hoped that the self-supporting church will grow more rapidly. Three station classes were held through the year, the spirit of the helpers being most commendable. Some of the men are in dead earnest and are working large fields adjacent to their outstations with full vigor. The impression occurs that there should be organized a summer conference for all helpers. When the station moves to Techow, it seems as if the opportunities for evangelistic work will be increased many fold, especially in view of the changed attitude on the part of the leaders of the country toward Christianity. A t Fenchow, along the regular lines of work, it has been largely a year of marking time. The cornerstone of the new church was laid May 29th, with a simple, appropriate service. The second event of importance was the summer Bible training school, the evolution of which is indicative of the change of attitude toward the Church on the part of outsiders. The original purpose was to give training instruction to colporters and preachers; but now the attendance is general. The enrollment was over 90, 47 of whom were non- Christians. And of these 47, 19 were teachers in government and private schools and seven were men holding public office. Two were Chinese physicians and five merchants of good standing. Many came with no thought of ever allying themselves with the Church in any way. The faculty consisted of six men beside the missionary. Thirty-four of the 37 non-Christians expressed their conviction as to the truth of Christianity and their desire to be The China Missions 123 allied with the Church. During the past three years the work at Fenchow has increased 300 to 400 per cent in all departments. For the woman’s work at that station much has been done in the way of planning and building the Lydia Lord Davis school, the ladies’ residence, as well as the Harwood Memorial Church. ' Each of these buildings will, in a particular manner, serve as a cornerstone in the advancing of the work among the women and girls of the city. The Fenchow missionaries have large visions and expectations for the work. With the new church building ready for use, and with the promise of the coming of another missionary, they feel that they must make more definite plans for reaching the people of Fenchow and its suburbs. The Church has been at work for over a quarter of a century, and yet there are thousands of people who know nothing of it. Until the missionaries can get to work within the thronging centres themselves, where men are living and working and suffer­ ing, they feel that they cannot hope to reach the masses. For many years the Mission has pleaded for the opening of the East suburb, where the people know practically nothing of the existence of the Church of Christ. Special attention should be given to the need of assistance at Liu Lin Chen, the church of which is central for an area of vast territory on the other side of the mountains from Fenchow. A most excellent site has been discovered for the new centre of work. The river valley, upon which Liu Lin Chen is situated, is one of the richest and most densely populated centres of the Shansi field. It contains many large towns. The work at Taikuhsien has gone on as usual, the missionaries seeking to develop closer supervision of the work and workers, and the strengthening of the staff of helpers through systematic training. As the hope of the evangelization of the field depends upon the num-, ber and quality of the Chinese associates, there is need of opening centres of work in districts hitherto unoccupied, and the mission­ aries look with longing eyes upon the two great commercial and official centres of Ku Chiao and Lou Fan, in neither of which is there a Christian worker, though the people seem friendly and willing to receive the message. Another very important centre that should be occupied without delay is the large town of Fan Ts’un. There are many other strategic centres in the field. It is the prayer of the station that within the next three years a great forward stride may be taken in the direction of adequate occupation of these centres and the field in general. The Foochow Mission has taken up its work with renewed vigor 124 The China Missions since the revolution ceased. Special attention has been given to the development of the Diong-loh field, which has a population of nearly a million. The aim is to concentrate the work at Diong-loh city, where the Board has now a girls’ school, Christian congregation, the beginning of a boys’ school and a woman’s school. A church building is greatly needed. In Foochow station the year was marked by various activities. The Hartwell Memorial Church was built, commemorating the life and activity of Rev. Charles Hartwell, for 52 years a missionary of

A Part of Foochow View from Mission Buildings the Board at Fenchow. The church building is a brick structure, two stories high. Next door to it is a large Chinese house owned by the Mission in which are located the Bible women, the girls’ day school and the preachers’ residence. The funds for the Memorial were contributed by the Chinese, the foreign residents of Foochow and the relatives of Mr. Hartwell. It is a very fitting memorial to a man who gave his long and fruitful life to the Chinese. The South China Mission calls attention to the salient features of the work of the past, such as the large number of churches built by the Chinese themselves and the freedom to a large extent in that part of the country from persecutions and annoyances. The aim The China Missions 125 of the missionaries is to develop the outstations and from them work into the neighboring villages. The impression that the Hong Kong station, formerly occupied by Dr. Hager, and the out­ stations as well, are to be given up seems to be growing in the United States. It is true that the American Board has decided to give up Hong Kong as a residence place for missionaries and to concentrate on Canton; but this does not mean that Hong Kong is not to be occupied by a Congregational body. Though Dr. Hager made his home at Hong Kong, most of his work was in districts from 100 to 200 miles away, and almost as near to Canton as to Hong Kong. The native Congregational church in Hong Kong, which is entirely independent of the Mission, will remain in that city, and with its pastor will be quite able to care for the transient Chinese Christians from the United States on their way home to their own homes on the mainland. Of the 31 outstations formerly superintended by Dr. Hager, 28 remain under the care of the Mission; also six of the seven schools and five of the seven Bible women. The Canton station, therefore, has the work formerly superintended from Hong Kong, as well as the work of the Canton station proper. It is the aim to make the churches and the work self-supporting as rapidly as possible, and in so doing the missionaries need the same practical sympathy expressed for them in the days when Dr. Hager was at Hong Kong. The revolution did not disturb Mr. Nelson’s plans for touring up to December 1st. The people seem more interested in the Gospel than ever before. Especially is this true of the women, who are entering the Church now as they did not before. The in-gathering of the year has not been large; but the preachers are of the opinion those who do come are better taught and prepared.

Medical Medical missionary work is carried on in almost every station of the Board in China, and many of the stations are supplied with good hospitals. Inasmuch as one of the greatest needs of China at the present day is that of modern medicine and surgery, the medical missionary is in great demand. The Foochow Hospital is rejoicing in a brand new building, and thus its opportunities of usefulness are greatly increased. During the battle of Foochow the hospital was in great demand. Both Chinese and Manchus were brought in from the field more rapidly than their names could be taken, and' the character of their injury 126 The China Missions recorded. The missionaries of our Board were assisted by physi­ cians of other Missions, and much good was accomplished. Gen­ eral Hsu, second in command of the revolutionary forces, came to express his gratitude and that of the military governor for the hospital’s care of the men. The General called three times, and each time expressed his appreciation of the surgical work of the hospital. The Chinese in general seemed to be more appreciative of what western medicine has for them than they were ever before, and to the Tartars it seemed to be a new revelation of the meaning of the presence of the foreigner in China. The battle was only a skir­ mish compared with great modern battles, and the number of wounded did not reach over 200. But it was enough to demon­ strate to the Chinese what fighting the guns means, and what a barbarous way it is of settling difficulties. One hundred fifty-nine cases were the result of the fight; 71 of these were Manchus. Of the 12 deaths in the hospital, seven were Manchus. The splendid stock of supplies that the hospital had on hand enabled Dr. Kinnear and his associates to do the work without serious shortage of any­ thing important. The presence of foreign mission doctors who could help in the work was fortunate. One of the college buildings was used as an annex to the old hospital. Work on the new building was delayed several weeks by the fight. In the old building over 24,000 treatments were given last year. Dr. Bliss of Shaowu was fortunately at Foochow in time to be of great service. The class of five students has done faithful work in the dispensary. The evangelist, too, continued in his quiet but tactful ministrations. The year passed without any devastating epidemics. During the prolonged stay of the Shaowu missionaries at Foo­ chow, the hospital and dispensary were kept open, in charge of the hospital students. As they had been in training for only a short time, they were qualified to care for only the smaller cases. During the past year two of the great scourges of that part of China— malaria and dysentery—were of considerably less severity than in former years. The missionaries have attempted to do more than in former years to relieve, during the summer and fall, the terrible infant mortality that is largely due to improper feeding. *At the time when Paotingfu greatly needed Red Cross nurses, the Pangchwang Hospital was able to spare one of its men for that service. One of the hospital’s native physicians also rendered medi­ cal aid in Shansi for a time. The entire hospital force applied for admission to the Red Cross Corps, so as to be ready in the event of The China Missions 127

emergency in the region of Pangchwang, though happily their services were not required. At the hospital there is a willingness to listen to advice and a thronging of the hospital courts, such as the Drs. Tucker have not known before. The hospital has three students in training in Peking and elsewhere for the important service at Pangchwang. Dr. He last year completed his course and had considerable experience in the successful fight against the pneumonic plague. During the year he has given several lectures to patients and before the schools. In view of the proposition to rebuild the Mission station at Techow, and there to add the' Porter Hospital for women, it was decided to open a branch hospital there­ in September, without waiting for the construction of the whole plant. Bi-monthly visits have been made to Techow for some years. A resident native physician under Dr. Tucker’s supervision will likely aid in preparing the ground for the relocated station. Money is in hand for the hospital for women, and now the mission­ aries are waiting for the means for constructing one for men at the same time. As China advances by leaps and bounds, the mission­ aries feel that they cannot afford to have the medical arm of the service much longer looked down upon. Most of the work is among non-Christians. From the standpoint of the number of in-patients, this is the sixth largest hospital of the American Board, and suitable housing not only will spell efficienc}^, but will conserve the invest­ ment of a third of a century. The largest number of patients the hospital has ever had were present at latest reports. This is nearly twice as many as the hospital has room for. Some sleep in carts, others on the floor of an old building, and many on the hospital porches. Every day is a busy operating day. On one afternoon there were 19 operations. Surgery is especially wonderful to the Chinese. To have a trained nurse of experience in charge of the future training school for nurses is destined to wield a wide influ­ ence and is another argument for the speedy construction of the new hospital buildings. The proportion of women patients is the largest in the history of the institution. Never was such friendli­ ness shown by those who daily throng the dispensary room. The need of a woman physician is more marked than ever before. No less important than the medical is the evangelistic aspect of the work among the women patients. After the return of the missionary physician to America on fur­ lough in the spring of 1911, the Taiku Hospital was for several months without a regular physician in charge. Dr. Hemingway is 128 The China Missions now returned and an American missionary nurse is on the way to join the forces. A substantial start has also been made through the kindness of a friend of the late Secretary Smith toward creating the fund necessary for the Judson Smith Memorial Hospital. Since the close of hostilities the number of opium patients has again arisen. At one time there were thirty enrolled for the cure. In four of the outstations opium refuges are conducted, and in one place alone 116 patients were cured during the year under review. In such outstation refuges the conditions are almost ideal for imparting an elementary knowledge of the Gospel, as the patients have so much time upon their hands. It would be difficult to state the proportion of opium victims who stay permanently cured. With the restoration of a measure of peace in the country at large, the confidence of the people in the Taiku Hospital is returning, and the last two months under review have seen patients coming to the hospital in good numbers. There is still need of a woman physi­ cian, as 6,000,000 women and girls are living in this province with­ out a lady physician. Fenchow had over seven thousand treatments last year but had to give them in a temporary makeshift of a room, 12 x 10 feet. The great cry is for more room and better equipment. Hopes are high that before long the funds necessary for a new building may be in hand. For three years now the work has been waiting for its equip­ ment. Sixteen hundred dollars ($1600) will buy the land needed for a dispensary, a men’s and women’s hospital, in addition to the funds already in hand. The development of the Fenchow medical work is at a standstill until land and equipment are provided. The work at Peking, Tungchow, Lintsing and other places has gone on as usual. Tientsin has persistently appealed for medical work. The station does not ask for an American conductor, but hopes to have its work done by a Chinese graduate of the Union Medical College. There is still a lack of medical missionaries for the Foochow Mission, though a new man has been found this year. The China Missions 129

Institutions of the China Missions

FOOCHOW

F o o c h o w C o l l e g e , F o o c h o w .— The faculty numbers 17 Chinese and 8 loreigners. Students enrolled: first semester, 325; second semester, 284; after the revolution, 125. Graduating class oi 85, 20 entering the ministry. 48 became teachers, leaving 17 for business, etc. There is a Chinese V. M. C. A. Four have united with the church and 47 volunteered for Christian service.

F o o c h o w G i r l s ’ C o l l e g e , P o n a s a n g .— Total enrollment 99, including the college, preparatory and sub-preparatory. Graduates from college department, 2. Teachers, 3 foreigners and 13 Chinese. Two Chinese teachers were away part of the year for special study in Mandarin and English.

T h e o l o g ic a l S e m i n a r y , F o o c h o w .— Since March 30 , 19 11, a union school for the American Board, Methodist Episcopal and Church Missionary Society missions. Faculty of nine, a missionary, native pastor and classical teacher from each mission. Students, 50; with 9 from the Congregationalists. Two courses. Two graduates at the last commencement.

A b b i e B . C h i l d M e m o r i a l S c h o o l , D io n g l o h .— Five teachers and 4 5 pupils; 2S in the first and second years of primary work. Entrance examinations were introduced for the first time. In November 15 girls were transferred to Foochow Girls’ College.

B o y s ’ B o a r d in g S c h o o l , I n g h o k .— Pupils, 40, the largest recorded enrollment. Teachers, 5 Chinese and 3 foreigners assisting. Five graduates; 4 entered Foo­ chow College. Four boys united with the church. Huntington Memorial Hall was completed and occupied. It was planned to introduce English into the course.

G i r l ’ s B o a r d in g S c h o o l , I n g h o k .— Total attendance, 53. Six teachers. Ninth grade work added this year. The pioneer and only school for girls in the district. Graduation prevented by the revolution. One received into church membership.

L o m b a r d S c h o o l f o r G i r l s , S h a o w u .— Pupils, 90. No full report because of closing of school by revolution.

B o y s ’ A c a d e m y , S h a o w u .— Enrollment, 66. Instruction in singing, ancient history and M ark’s Gospel in English was part of the course. Work interrupted grgatty by the revolution.

T h e o l o g ic a l C l a s s , S h a o w u .— Teachers, 2 foreigners and 1 Chinese. In­ struction in Old and New Testament. Seven pupils, of whom several were colporters.

W o m a n ’ s B i b l e T r a i n i n g S c h o o l , S h a o w u .— No report because of revo­ lution.

B o a r d in g S t a t i o n C l a s s , F o o c h o w .— Records burned during revolution. Fifteen women and eighty girls as day pupils. 9 13° The China Missions

B o a r d in g S t a t i o n C l a s s , D io n g l o h .—A two-years course leading to the Bible Woman's Training School at Ponasang. A third year for the more prom­ ising students. Sixteen women from village station schools were under 4 teachers.

B o a r d in g S t a t i o n C l a s s , I n g h o k .— A Bible school fo r women in the Roman­ ized character; second year in the classical and third year for training as Bible- women.

B i b l e W o m a n ’s T r a i n i n g S c h o o l , P o n a s a n g .—Await arrival of new mis­ sionary head.

D a v i s M e m o r i a l K indergarten , F o o c h o w .— Enrollment, 2 0 ; teachers, 1. U n io n K indergarten T r a i n i n g S c h o o l , F o o c h o w .— A union movement with the Methodist and Anglican Missions. A principal is on the ground to institute the work. Medical Work

F o o c h o w M i s s i o n a r y H o s p i t a l .— One missionary and surgeon in charge, 1 American nurse, 8 Chinese assistants. New cases, 4,422; operations, 905; treatments, 24,196. At time of the Battle of Foochow, in the E. Y. Swift Memo­ rial Operating Pavilion, recently completed, 159 cases were treated for gunshot wounds. Records of in-patients lost during the battle. The main hospital building was nearly finished.

M e d i c a l W o r k f o r W o m e n a n d C h i l d r e n , P o n a s a n g .— Dispensary patients were 2,600; out-patients, 132. One missionary physician and 2 assistants. Tw o graduates from the nurses’ training course.

W o m e n ’ s H o s p i t a l a n d D i s p e n s a r y , I n g h o k .— Dr. Whitney held hours at the dispensary.

M e n ’ s H o s p i t a l a n d D i s p e n s a r y , S h a o w u .— New patients, 5,478: total dis­ pensary patients 16,426; inpatients, 104; house visits, 190. Special attempts were made to relieve infant mortality by pure supplies of milk.

M e d i c a l W o r k f o r W o m e n , S h a o w u .— Dispensary gave 16,183 treatments to 5,394 patients.

P ublications .— Foochow College Press issued during the year 8,407 b o o k s, 48,322 sheets, tracts, etc., and printed 906,555 pages. The Anglicans help in the support of the work.

South China

B o y s ’ P r i m a r y a n d B o a r d in g S c h o o l , C a n t o n .— Twice closed and reopened during the year because of the revolution. No full report obtainable. The school is to be reorganized.

S o u t h C h i n a G i r l s ’ S c h o o l , C a n t o n .— Teachers: 7 Chinese, assisted by 4 missionaries. Highest enrollment was 49; boarders, 32; day-pupils, 17. Two departments, Chinese and English; 8 grades. Conducts a class in methods of teaching. The China Missions 131

NORTH CHINA

North China Educational Union

N o r t h C h i n a U n io n C o l l e g e , T u n g c h o w .— In spite of interruptions occa­ sioned by the revolution, the college had an attendance of 14 1; the college proper enrolled 91 and the academy 50. Fifty-nine were from the stations of the North China Mission and 6 from the Shansi Mission. The senior and graduating class numbered 22; juniors, 23; sophomores, 22; freshmen, 24. Teaching staff of 14, of whom 7 were Chinese.

N o r t h C h i n a U n io n W o m a n ’ s C o l l e g e , P e k i n g .— Student roll of 125, with 25 in the college and 100 in Bridgman Academy. All but 7 were boarders. Two missionaries have given full time to teaching and 10 others have taken certain classes. Ten Chinese teachers. Kindergarten training class of I I , 7 being academy graduates. Forty pupils in the department of music. Three graduates from the college and 16 from the academy. Ten provinces of China and Korea were represented in the student body. A specialist in normal work and a physician are desired.

N o r t h C h i n a U n io n T h e o l o g ic a l C o l l e g e , P e k i n g .— Regular three-years’ course for college graduates and a special course for others. English takes the place in a measure of Greek and Hebrew. Twenty-nine students from American Board Stations, besides a few others from other missions. One American Board missionary in the faculty.

N o r t h C h i n a U n io n M e d i c a l C o l l e g e (for men), P e k i n g .— A thorough course covering 5 years; but a few students take a year of preparatory work before the regular course. Faculty of 14 includes representatives from 6 British and American societies; 6 lecturers aid in the instruction. Enrollment about 100, and about one-tenth from American Board schools.

N o r t h C h i n a U n io n W o m a n ’ s M e d ic a l C o l l e g e , P e k i n g .— Enrollment 15; teaching staff, 10; The course covers 6 years. New classes enter every two years.

A n g e l l M e m o r i a l B i b l e T r a i n i n g S c h o o l , P e k i n g .— T r a in s for work o f Bible women and evangelism. All missions in Peking and surrounding districts send pupils. T w o sessions are held in different places.

Boarding and High Schools

A t T u n g c h o w .— Three schools with 85 boys and 74 girls. Girls' school building enlarged.

At Tientsin. — The boys’ school has 37 and the girls’ school 28 pupils. T w o Chinese teachers in girls’ school. English is emphasized in boys’ school, where there are 30 boarders.

A t P a n g c h w a n g .— The academy has had 58 boys, almost exclusively under Chinese management. The girls’ school, with 5 1 pupils, aims to receive none below the third primary grade. Three Chinese teachers and 7 graduates. 132 The China Missions

A t P a o t i n g f u .— The boys’ school has 33 enrolled; the girls’ school, 38; 2 Chinese teachers. The Union School has 21 girls. Work greatly interrupted by the revolution.

A t L intsingchow .— A boys’ school with 2 6 pupils. Athletics encouraged. Thirty-two in the girls’ school, and 5 graduates. More applicants for admission than available room. Medical Work

H o s p i t a l a t T u n g c h o w .— Sixty-eight patients in hospital and 10,948 treat­ ments in the two dispensaries. One missionary physician.

W i l l i a m s H o s p i t a l , P a n g c h w a n g .— Staff of 2 missionary physicians and 1 American nurse, besides native helpers. Hospital inpatients, 401; dispensary patients, 3,622; treatments, 5 ,17 5 ; surgical operations, 3 15 ; villages represented, 2 ,0 11. Enlarged hospital facilities are greatly needed.

H o s p i t a l a t L intsingchow .— Medical work for women and children. Reports 42 hospital patients and 2,727 dispensary treatments; operations, 61. The staff: 1 missionary physician, 4 native nurses and 2 servants. Funds are in hand for a new hospital building.

D ispensaries a t P e k i n g .—F our dispensaries gave 1,977 treatments.

P ublications : The mission press at Tungchow has printed about 3,000,000 pages, and issued one new book, Dr. Sheffield’s Psychology. Reprint copies of other books were 3,000. SHANSI

T h e O b e r l i n -S h a n s i M e m o r i a l A c a d e m y , T a i k u h s i e n .— The student body numbers 76, the academy grade having 43 and the grammar 33. Nine teachers. Thirty-eight students from American Board stations, 13 from the China Inland Mission and 9 from the English Baptist Mission. The primary and sub-primary schools are closely affiliated with the academy and have 70 pupils. Thirty-four were church members and 12 from non-Christian homes. The religious life has continued good with increased interest in Bible study.

G i r l s ’ B o a r d in g S c h o o l , T a i k u h s i e n (The Bird-Partridge Memorial School)- -—Twenty-five pupils enrolled at the beginning of the year, but owing to the revolution attendance was fluctuating. Five graduates at the last commence­ ment, and five have been in the Bridgman Academy in Peking. Three teachers. The school building is only half completed.

A t w a t e r M e m o r i a l S c h o o l , F e n c h o w (for boys).— Total enrollment was 123. There was a decrease in the primary department due to an advance in tuition. A strong class graduated. More than two-thirds of the students are from non-Christian homes. Land is secured for the future dormitory building^

L y d i a L o r d D a v i s S c h o o l , F e n c h o w (for girls).— Twenty-five pupils in grammar and primary grades; 1 teacher. The new school building is completed, but needs more furnishings. The China Missions 133

Medical Work

J u d s o n S m it h M e m o r i a l H o s p i t a l a n d D i s p e n s a r y , T a i k u h s i e n .— Hospital has 65 beds. Inpatients, 342, of whom 266 were for opium curc. Four opium refuges are maintained in the outstations. Absence of D r. Hemingway on furlough has reduced the amount of medical w o rk for the year. Funds are urgently needed to complete the plant.

H o s p i t a l a n d D i s p e n s a r y , F e n c h o w .— In spite of the disturbances occa­ sioned by the revolution and building operations, the physician treated 67 patients in the hospital and gave 6,568 treatments in the dispensary. Fully 4,000 other calls and treatments were made on the outside. There is a crying need for a properly equipped hospital building and a lady physician.

P ublications : 60,000 pages printed on outside presses. 134 77îe China Missions

TABLE OF STATISTICS FOR 1911

Foochow Foochow South China North China Shansi Totals.

Population of F ield ...... 3,900,000 2,500,000 1 3,500,000 770,000 22,670,000 Number of stations...... 5 2 7 2 16 Outstations...... 98 41 88 IS 242

Missionaries, total...... 44 7 65 17 I33 Ordained...... 10 2 17 4 33 Physicians and Others. 5 - 5 3 13 W ives...... 12 2 21 5 40 Single women...... 1 7 3 22 5 47 Special service...... 2 — 2 4

Native laborers, total...... 335 X19 24O 88 781 Ordained preachers . . . 12 2 6 — 20 Unordained preachers . 69 45 56 15 183 Teachers...... 177 40 84 42 345 Bible women...... 53 7 41 5 xo6 Other helpers...... 24 24 53 26 1 27

Congregations...... 98 48 100 25 271 Organized churches ... 73 3 12 2 90 Communicants...... 2,036 5000 4,193 262 11,491 Added, 19 11 ...... 264 124 209 5 602 Adherents...... 2 ,7 0 5 5,000 4,316 2,950 I4,97i Sunday Schools...... 55 4 I8 1 3 90 S. S. Membership...... 2,528 300 959 693 4,480

Schools, total 40 20 70 16 146 Theological Schs...... 2 — I — 3 Students...... 9 — 26 — 35 Colleges...... 2 — 2 — 4 Students...... 70 — 107 — 177 Boarding and High Schs. 7 2 18 6 33 Students ...... 354 78 648 319 1,399 Other schools...... 29 18 49 10 106 Students...... 1,017 5 8 1 848 290 2,736 Total students...... 2,705 659 1,625 631 5,620

Hospitals...... 3 — 3 2 8 Dispensaries...... 2 — 5 2 9 Patients...... 15,748 — 9,492 2,730 27,970 Treatm ents...... 56,805 — 21,254 6,966 85,025

Native contributions .... $13,0 84 $1,500 $2,824 $1,297 $18,705 Missions in India and Ceylon

Stations: Location and Special Work of Missionaries

MARATHI MISSION

B o m b a y .— William Hazen, ordained: Principal of the Bombay High School; secretary of the Mission. Mrs. Florence H. Hazen: Associated in work of High School; in charge of Vernacular Department. Robert Ernest Hume, Ph.D., ordained: Editor and Manager of the Dnyanodaya; general evangelistic work; associated in care of Little Boys’ Home. Mrs. Laura C. Hume; Associated in care of Little Boys’ Home. Miss Anna L. Millard: In charge of Blind School: day schools for Hindus and Bible-women. Miss A. Eleanor Franzen: In charge of Little Boys’ Home.

A h m e d n a g a r .— Robert A . Hume, D.D., ordained: Principal and Dean of the Theological Seminary; charge of district work. Mrs. Kate F. Hume: work for women. Henry G. Bissell, ordained: Professor in Theological Seminary; in charge of Parner and Kalgaon districts; general evangelistic work. Mrs. Theo. K . Bissell: In charge of Bible-women. Henry Fairbank, ordained; Prin­ cipal of Boys’ High School and the Sir D. M. Petit Industrial School. Mrs Mary E. Fairbank: Associate in educational work in High School. Alden H. Clark, ordained: Principal of Union Training School for male Christian workers. Airs. M ary W . Clark: Associated ir. work of Union Training School. Charles H. Burr: Literary department of Boys’ High School; joint charge of Harris Hall dormitory for boys. Mrs. Annie H. Burr: Joint charge of Harris Hall dormitory for boys. David C. Churchill: Charge of Industrial work and weaving. Miss Ruth P. Hume, M .D .: Physician in Woman’s Hospital and medical work for women and children. Aliss Clara H. Bruce: Principal Vernacular Department Girls’ Board­ ing School; joint charge of D ay Schools. Miss Elizabeth Johnson: Superintendent of nurses, Woman’s Hospital. Aliss Gertrude Harris: Language study; evangelis­ tic work. Miss M . Clara Proctor, M .D .: Language study; associate physician in Woman’s Hosp'ital.

R a h u r i.— (Edward Fairbank temporarily in charge.) S iru r.— Mrs. M ary C. Winsor: Educational, evangelistic and industrial work of the station and district.

S a t a r a .— Mrs. Hannah Hume Lee: In charge of the Girls’ Station School and woman’s work of the station and district. Miss Belle Nugent: Educational and other work of the station.

P a n c h g a n i.— Mrs. Hepsibeth P . Bruce: General work for women.

S h o l a p u r .— Lorin S. Gates, ordained: In charge of Sholapur and Mogali districts. Mrs. Frances H. Gates: Woman's work. Arthur A. McBride, ordained: Principal of Boys’ Boarding and Industrial School; in charge of Day Schools; 135 136 Missions in India and Ceylon

treasurer of the mission. Mrs Elizabeth V. McBride: Associate in work of Boys’ School and Day Schools. Richard S. Rose, ordained: Language study. Miss Esther B. Fowler: Principal of Woronoco Girls’ Boarding School. Miss Mary B. Harding: Kindergartner; in charge of Kindergarten Training School. Miss Louise M. Wheeler: Language study; kindergartner.

Y a d a l a .— Edward Fairbank, ordained: Educational, evangelistic and indus­ trial work of station and district; oversight of Rahuri field during Dr. Ballantine’s absence. Mrs. M an ' A. Fairbank: Oversight of Girls’ School and work for women. Edward W. Felt, ordained: Language study; evangelistic work.

W a i.— L ester H. Beals, M .D .: Medical work; charge of hospital. Mrs. Rose F. Beals, M .D .: Associate in hospital and medical work for women. Mrs. Minnie L. Sibley: In charge of the Abbott Widow’s Home, orphanage and general work for women. Miss Jean P. Gordon: Boarding and Day Schools in Wai, and village schools in the district. On furlough.—William O. Ballantine, M.D., ordained; Mrs. Josephine L, Ballantine; Miss Emily Bissell; Miss Edith Gates; Miss M. Eleanor Stephenson, M.D. Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— (Bombay), Miss E. A. Reeve, educational work in connection with Bowker Hall; Miss Rachel E. Coan; (Ahmednagar), Mr. WTilbur S. Deming, tutor; (Sirur), Mr. David Winsor; (Shola- pur), Miss Bertha Fulcher, missionary of Zenana Bible and Medical Mission, engaged in work for Mohammedan women in cooperation with the station. Dr. and Mrs. Ballantine, Miss Em ily Bissell, Dr. Stephenson, and Miss Gates are at home on furlough. Mrs. R. A . Hume, Dr. Ruth Hume and Mrs. Lee have returned to the mission after furlough in this country. Miss Fowler has also returned after a short absence from the mission. Mr. and Mrs. Hunsberger having retired from the mission, have taken up work in this country. The death of Mrs. Churchill on April 27th caused an irreparable loss to the mission circle. The mission has been reinforced by the appointment of four new missionaries; Dr. M. Clara Proctor to be associated with Dr. Ruth Hume at Ahmednagar; Miss A. Eleanor Franzen to have charge of the Little Boys’ Home in Bombay; Mr. Richard S. Rose to be located at Sholapur; and Mr. Wilbur S. Deming, a tutor to be located at Ahmednagar for a term of three years.

MADURA MISSION

Central Circle.— (Madura, Pasumalai and Tirumangalam West.) Residing in Madura.— John S. Chandler, ordained: Mission secretary; chairman of Central Circle Committee. Mrs. Henrietta S. Chandler: Hindu Girls’ Schools and manager of Girls’ High School. Frank Van Allen, M.D., ordained: Charge of Albert Victor Hospital. William M. Zumbro, ordained: Principal of American College, Madura. Mrs. Harriet S. Zumbro. William W. Wallace, ordained: Mission and District Conference treasurer; professor in American College, Madura Mrs. Genevieve T. Wallace: Manager of Hindu Girls’ Schools. L. Curtis Guise: Language study; professor in American College, Madura. Mrs. Nettie B. Guise: Language study. Miss Eva M. Swift: Principal of Lucy Perry Noble Bible School. Miss Mary M. Root: Village Bible women. Miss Mary T. Noyes: Prin­ A fissions in India and Ceylon 137 cipal of Girls’ High School and Training Institution. Miss Gertrude E. Chandler: Teacher in Girls’ High School; in charge of kindergarten work. Miss Gwen M. Jones: Language study; teaching.

Residing in Kamuthi.— Lawrence C. Powers, ordained: Language study; gen­ eral evangelistic work.

Residing in Pasumalai.— John P. Jones, D.D., ordained: Principal of Theologi­ cal Seminary; editor of United Church Herald. Mrs. Sarah A. Jones: Work for students and women. John X . Miller, ordained: Principal and manager of Pasumalai High and Normal Schools; manager of Mission Press. Mrs. Margaret Y . Miller. James H. Lawson: Language study; industrial work. Mrs. Frances E. Lawson: Language study. Residing in Tirumangalam.— John J. Banniga, ordained: Touring and general oversight of the field. Mrs. M ary D. Banniga. Residing in Bangalore.— David S. Herrick, ordained: Professor in United Theo­ logical College. Mrs. Dency T. M. Herrick.

N orth C i r c l e .— (Dindigul and Palani.) Residing in Dindigul— James C. Perkins, ordained: Chairman of North Circle Committee. Mrs. Lucy C. Perkins (residing at Ivodaikanal).

S outh C i r c l e .— (Aruppukottai and Tirumangalam East.)

Residing in Aruppukaotti.— Franklin E. Jeffery, ordained: Chairman of South Circle Committee. Mrs. Capitola M. Jeffery: Work for women.

W e s t C i r c l e .— (Perikulam and Battalagundu.) Residing at Kodaikanal.— James E. Tracy, D.D., ordained: Chairman of West Circle Committee; superintendent of Mission Sanitarium at Ivodaikanal. Mrs. Fanny S. Tracy. Residing at Battalagundu.— Burleigh V. Mathews, ordained: General mission work. Mrs. Pearl C. Mathews.

E a s t C i r c l e .— (Manamadura and Melur.) Residing at Manamadura.— Willis P. Elwood, ordained: General mission work. Mrs. Agnes A. Elwood: Work for women.

Residing at Melur.— Edward P. Holton, ordained: Chariman of East Circle Committee Mrs. Gertrude M. Holton: Work for women.

On furlough.— Hervey C. Hazen, ordained; Charles S. Vaughan, ordained; Mrs. M. Ella Vaughan; Miss Harriet E. Parker, M .D .; Miss Catherine S. Ouicken- den. On the way out.-—Edgar M. Flint; Mrs. Susanna Q. Flint. Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— (Madura), Miss Zada A. Curtiss; Mr. John W. Stanley. (Kodaikanal), Miss Alice J. Powers. During this year Mr. Hazen, Mr. and Mrs. Vaughan, Dr. Parker and Miss Quickenden have entered on their furlough, Miss Quickenden visiting her home in England. Mr. and Mrs. Miller returned to their work at Pasumalai during the year. Mr. and Mrs. Elwood are returning and will probably be stationed at 13» Missions in India and Ceylon

Mananadura. Mrs. Herrick is returning and will join M r. Herrick at Bangalore, where he is representing the Madura Mission in the United Theological College. Miss Noyes has also returned to the mission. Two new recruits, Mr. and Mrs. Flint, to be associated with the Science Department of Madura College, will join the mission early in the year.

CEYLON MISSION V addukkoddai (1817).— Giles G. Brown, ordained: Missionary in charge; president of Jaffna College. Mrs. Clara P. Brown: Teacher in Jaffna College; superintendent of Bible women for the station.

M a n e p a y (1831).—Thomas B. Scott, M.D., ordained: Missionary in charge; secretary of the mission; in charge of Green Memorial Hospital. Mrs. Mary E. Scott, M.D.: Associate physician; superintendent of Bible women for the sta­ tion.

U d u v il (1831).— Miss Susan R. Howland: Principal of Uduvil Girls’ Boarding School; in charge of district Bible women. Miss Lulu K. Bookwalter: Language study; teaching. Miss Minnie K. Hastings: Language study; teaching. Located, at Inuvil.— Miss Isabella H. Curr, M .D .: Physician in charge of McLeod Hospital for Women and Children; superintendent of Bible women.

T ellippallai (1831).—James H. Dickson, ordained: Mission treasurer; in charge of station; principal of Training School for Men; superintendent of Mis­ sion Press; editor of The Morning Star. Mrs. Frances H. Dickson; In charge of Bible women. Uduppiddi. (1847)—Arthur A. Ward: Language study; temporarily in charge of station. Mrs. Alice B. Ward: Educational work. On furlough.— William E. Hitchcock; Mrs. Hattie H. Hitchcock. Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— Harry C. York, Ph.D., and Mrs. Olive H. York; teachers in Jaffna College. Miss Hoffman, teacher in Uduvil School. Dr. Nallamma Murugasan; Associate physician in McLeod Hospital. Mr. and Mrs. Hitchcock came home for their furlough this year. Dr. and Mrs. Scott and Miss Howland will be leaving the mission early next year for their furlough. During the absence of Mr. and Mrs. Hitchcock, Mr. and Mrs. Ward have had charge of the work at Uduppiddi. The medical work at Inuvil has been greatly strengthened by the addition to the staff of Dr.Nallamma Murugasan, the first Tamil lady in Jaffna to receive a medical degree. The Girls’ Boarding School at Uduvil has also recieved much encouragement by the employment of Miss Hoffman and the appointment of Miss Hastings. Missions in India and Ceylon 139

MISSIONS IN INDIA AND CEYLON The Marathi Mission has its principal educational and institu­ tional center at Ahmednagar in the Bombay Presidency, and all of its work is carried on within the limits of the Presidency, except that some of the outstations of the Sholapur station in this mission come within the province of the territory of Nizam, an independent kingdom. Within the limits of the mission there is a population of 4,670,000 souls, gathered in four districts, in addition to the city of Bombay. The Madura Mission is all within the limits of the Madura District of the Madras Presidency, and includes a population of 2 ,5 7 3 ,0 0 0 . The Ceylon work is included in the peninsula of Jaffna, at the northern extremity of the Island, which has a population of only about 300,000, there being two other societies working for the same population. National Preeminent among Indian events stands the dazzling pageant of December 12th at Delhi with its royal announcements opening a fresh chapter in Indian history. There is every indication that, as the partition of Bengal stimulated discontent and sedition, so the royal visit and announcements will open, in the relations of Eng­ lish and Indians, an epoch of mutual understanding and esteem and of more harmonious mutual efforts for the good of these vast peoples— one fifth of the human race. The people of India have rapidly advanced toward self-con­ sciousness and towards an ambition for the better if not for the best things of life. Politically they are making definite progress. The enjoyment of increased privileges and power in the provincial councils of the government is a marked witness to this. It is also evidenced in the increased number of places given to Indians in the Imperial Council. In many ways the people are crying for political rights and opportunities and are determined to possess more and more as the years go on. The government of India is stronger in the confidence if not in the affection of this people than ever before. Its revenues if not ample are swelling; sedition is checked and disloyalty brought under control. 140 Missions in India and Ceylon

Perhaps India has never before seen such definite manifestations of general prosperity as during the last year and this is thought to be the child of the new awakening among the people. Because of them, old Indian crafts are being revived and improved, while new ones are being learned and established. Manufacturing com­ panies are being organized, foundries built, mines exploited by modern methods, and one hears of Indian savings and agricultural banks, loan associations, and Indian companies of all sorts. Treas­ ures which formerly were kept buried under ground are being unearthed to satisfy the new commercial spirit. So far as the Christians are owners or cultivators in their own right they are prospering. The Indian Christians are truly and eminently loyal to the government. This fact is appreciated fully and the state employs Christian people in preference to many others. There never was a more favorable time for pushing the Christian enterprises through school, church, public address, good literature and personal friendship than there is today.

Social Progress A really remarkable phenomenon is the spreading idea of social service in this land of caste, exclusiveness and aloofness. A Social Service League has been organized in the Marathi field for example, with about eighty non-Christians including Hindus, Parsees and Mohammedans. The new marriage bill is a striking manifestation of the new social consciousness and popular determination to with­ stand, if not to overthrow the tyranny of the caste system as revealed in the marriage laws of India. Recent decisions of the Indian courts against the tyranny of caste and the defending of the rights of individuals against caste penalties is only one of the many manifestations of the religious era which has dawned. The Conference of Religions held recently at Allahabad was a significant manifestation of the broadening of the religious interest of the people. During the visit of the King and Queen of England 28,000 school children were seated along the route of the procession and all were presented with a bag of sweetmeats and a drink of lemonade. Twenty years ago there would have been a great hue and cry raised against an endeavor thus to break caste by giving the children anything to eat and drink. The social or caste complexion of a Christian community is an Missions in India and Ceylon 141 interesting study. It is said that all over India fully nine tenths of the Protestant Christian community come from the outcaste sort ion of Hinduism. In the Madura Mission, how­ ever, about one half of all the Indian Chris­ tians have come from the respectable Sudra castes and represent the substantial element of those communities. The relaxing of caste in­ fluence upon the Christian communities is in some instances manifest, while in others there is much to discourage a Christian worker. Still, of one thing a missionary becomes increasingly convinced, and that is that the Hindu caste system is incomparably the greatest enemy of the Christian cause in India, not simply as a force outside of the church and community, but more as a demon with his grip still upon the Christians, a grip that is stronger at points farthest away from centers of civilization and among those who have more recently come from Hinduism. Among the Christian agents and most intelligent Christian laymen the bon­ dage of caste is becoming more and more a thing of the past. Convivial habits are spreading and A Holy Man of India becoming common. Even intercaste marriages are multiplying, so in spite of everything the outlook is encour­ aging. Interdenominational Advance Two achievements of the year were of marked interdenominational significance. A Western India Missionary Association has been organized in the Marathi field to promote cooperative effort and to give authoritative expression to common missionary opinion on vital public matters. This conference has made arrangements for the tentative starting of a school for the study of Marathi by missionaries; it has approved plans for summer schools of religious teaching for Indian workers, and it has taken steps toward a more effective union in the training of Christian teachers. At Jubbulpore, near the geographic center of India, a federation of Indian churches has been initiated to promote comity among all Christian bodies in India. Not all denominations have yet seen their way to join this federation, but enough have joined to make 142 Missions in India and Ceylon the movement national in scope and to give promise of wide useful­ ness in the great cause of Christian solidarity.

Evangelistic Work Considering the work of the churches, the most encouraging factor of the year has been the development toward self-support and Indian leadership. This is true in the three fields and there is every reason to believe that it is but a beginning of an aggressive work on the part of the native churches. The Madura Mission has had the opportunity, during the year, of obtaining four men for the Christian ministry in the pastorates of the mission. Three of them are men who have been found and trained by the mission, and all are sure to render a good account of themselves as leaders of their people. The churches of the Madura field are developing in the spirit and work of benevolence. This is one of the surest indications that our faith has gripped them with power. The offerings of last year amounted to over 20,000 rupees, a gain of 3,000 rupees over the preceding year. This is at the rate of at least three rupees per capita for church members. It represents no little self-denial, for the average per capita income is hardly more than three rupees per month. This giving is far in advance of the offerings of the American church members when the incomes of both communities are compared. One has no hesitation in saying that the Indian Christians far excel in self-denial offerings for the cause of Christ the Christians of the West, even though the privileges here are larger and the income much greater. The Home Missionary Society of the Madura District devotes its efforts almost exclusively to the Konganadu Mission, a work of comparatively few years’ standing, but promising in results, and a work of which the Madura Christian community may well be proud. The church in India is becoming more and more seriously engaged in this work of bringing the people to Christ. The swelling cry of “ India for Christ” by the Indians is the voice of a new era of broadening love and a deeper spirit of service. The Indian laborers are advancing not only in numbers but in efficiency. Nothing is more encouraging to the missionary workers in India than the knowledge that these men and women are developing in power, in self-dependence and outgoing activity. Many of the Indian agents have grown into the full manhood of efficiency and dependability. Missions in India and Ceylon 143 As Mr. Vaughan of Madura writes: “While the Indian agents have not yet reached the stage where any important movements or plans for work have actually been initiated by them, at the same time the leaders of the Indian church are beyond all doubt, feeling as never before both the privileges and the responsibilities of their position and are fast moving toward a time when the policy and movement of the church will no longer be shaped by outside influ­ ence or suggestion. A readiness on the part of the Indian brethren to offer suggestions and to discuss seriously the proposals of the missionary points unmistakably to a new confidence in them which all rejoice to see, and foreshadows the day when the Indian church shall come into its own.” Until very recently the Madura Mission was itself the sole director and executive of all work conducted within its boundaries. Over two years ago an important change took place in this par­ ticular, the Mission creating and organizing the District Confer­ ences and handing to them many of its own administrative func­ tions. In spite of dangers and defects all recognize that the Dis­ trict Conference scheme is in itself a definite advance upon the past and is achieving not a little to stir up the Indians themselves to a sense of their opportunities and obligation to support and push forward their own work, and even to take the reins into their own hands. It would be unjust to account all the growth in the Madura Mission of the past two years as a result of the Conference, yet to those who have watched the rising tide of ability which their Indian fellow-workers have shown in things pertaining to the conference, the plan has been a most important agent in the growth recorded. That the whole body of the pastorate was able to step into the position which the conference opened to it and to fill it for two years of transition with ability and without a single failure worthy of note, is certainly a cause for thankfulness and at the same time a justification of the course adopted. Prior to the year 1896 there was not an ordained Indian worker in the whole area included in what is now called the East Circle, and every baptism, marriage and communion season within the 2,500 square miles demanded the presence of the missionary. Now each one of the four organized churches in that circle is ministered to by a qualified Indian worker, three of whom are ordained, while the missionary performs the preaching and pastoral functions only at the invitation of the pastor or committee. The laymen of the churches are also alive to the situation and 144 Missions in India and Ceylon will be soon asking for a more definite position in the scheme than is at present given. This indicates that the interest is reaching the church itself. To the surprise of many the Central Circle was found at the beginning of the year to have earned the privilege of having its chairman elected not by the mission but by the District Confer­ ence, as considerably more than one half of its total income was secured from Indian sources. A still further fact to be mentioned in proof of the stimulus which the District Conference movement has given the church at large is the increase which has been made in the matter of evan­ gelistic effort by unpaid workers. Hardly a Circle but has a story of distinct advance in this direction and the whole outlook is such as to inspire hope that the time is coming when the burden of evangelization of her non-Chris­ tian neighbors will rest heavily upon the heart and conscience of the Indian church. The Marathi field has also its tale of success in Indian leadership. The Association of Churches of the Rahuri and Vadala districts has voted to become independent. The plan adopted is to raise the money by tithes from the agents, by village collections, and by a grant from the mis­ sion. The step is momentous. It has already proved of real value in calling forth indigenous gifts where formerly little or nothing was received. Mr. Bissell writes of the so-called Station Conference in the Ahmednagar field, a body composed of alj the Ahmednagar mis­ sionaries, about an equal number of representatives of the two Indian churches of Ahmednagar, and the entire Christian com­ munity. “ Hitherto it has considered only matters of general inter­ est to the progress of the country and its resolutions, few in number, have not been binding. It is felt now, however, that the body should have more authority and it looks as if this would be brought about and therefore the efficiency of the organization increased.” Ceylon has long been noted for its progressive Christian body.

Educational Work Most encouraging is the progress of the Indian Christians in education and general intelligence. In the Madura District alone Missions in India and Ceylon 145 one third of the Christian community are literate and two thirds of the church membership, while of the non-Christian sections not more than three per cent are able to read and write. From our mission schools there goes forth a stream of men and women to many parts of India and even to foreign lands as clerks, overseers, and other useful servants of the human race. It means much to have them familiar with the ideals of Christ and to be established in a Christian character that is based upon intelligence. An intel­ ligent and efficient mission agent also would be an impossibility without our institutions of learning. By means of our schools many have not only learned to read and write, but also through an im­ proved intelligence have developed in self-respect and self-assertion. Through their diligence financial independence has come to many of them, so that the cringing attitude has given way to real manli­ ness. A higher moral tone has also possessed the people and there­ fore a greater spiritual efficiency is to be marked. In the boarding schools the work of forming true Christian character is seriously undertaken, and herein the missionary finds one of his choicest opportunities for the most efficient form of Christian activity in his field. Work done for the children in the boarding-school is well done because it is a work of permanent and of unique value. All educational work in missionary institutions is evangelistic in motive. American College, Madura.—Madura College continues to de­ velop to that position where it can rightly claim to be a first grade college. It has already been recognized by government as worthy of governmental support. Last March it passed over 66 per cent of its students who took part in the intermediate examination of Madras University as compared with an average of only 42 per cent for all the colleges affiliated with the University. One of the stu­ dents secured in this examination the highest total number of marks of any student appearing from the Madura District. Special events of the year have been the securing of a new Sci­ ence Hall and equipment; the erection of one new bungalow and a promise of another for the college campus; the largest entering class in the history of the institution; the largest income from fees; the largest grants from government as well; the organization of a college branch of the college Y. M. C. A. with sixty members, and .a growing seriousness and open-heartedness in the study of religious questions. In its relation to the Christian church the college helps to prepare the future leaders. The teaching staff has 10 146 Missions in India and Ceylon numbered 32, including four Americans and 28 Indians; 614 have been enrolled in the institution. Pasumalai High School.—That the past year has been a successful one at Pasumalai can be seen from the report of the government inspector who says that the teaching in practically every subject is good; that the boys are taught not merely to pass examinations, but to qualify themselves for life. "The organization of the class is good and the whole institution is a credit to the mission.” Everywhere there is a call for education, and consequently for an increase in the number of teachers. Pasumalai is constantly beset with requests for teachers from the Normal School that cannot be supplied. It is a great opportunity. Pasumalai Theological Seminary.—The ne^V Hall is on its way to completion and the students are on the whole a stronger and better trained class of men and women than the Seminary has had in years past. One new and important duty has been added to the functions of the Seminary, namely, the conduct of the advanced study classes of the agents of the mission which has hitherto been in the hands of the mission and Conference. The Seminary has given more than two months of the time of both students and teachers to evangelistic work and has thus reached nearly three hundred towns and villages and proclaimed Christ to more than 25,000 souls. Much could be said of the work of the other institutions of the Madura field, including the very important work of training the women for Christian service. No more far-reaching work is done than that through the women, and it is earnestly to be hoped that the extension of Bible-school work for the women may be made possible. The educational work of the Marathi field has taken genuine steps forward during the year. Other details may be found in the list of institutions at the end of the report. Ahmednagar Theological Seminary.—The regular work of the Seminary received new impetus upon the return of Dr. Hume from his furlough a year ago. His absence had brought unusual pressure of work on some of the other instructors so that it was not possible to arrange for extension work that did so much for the teachers and other Christian workers in the district. The seminary has resumed its work of assembling classes for instruction. One class will receive most of its instruction in English, while the other will be in the vernacular. Members of this class will be those who Missions in India and Ceylon M7 have proved themselves as worthy by some years of faithful Christian service. Strong Christian character is the primary aim, though the students acquire the knowledge and skill that their profession requires. The Seminary is recognized as a mission institution and therefore its work is not confined to any one station. It is to be earnestly hoped that an endowment may be secured at an early date to enable the institution not only to hold its own, but to make greater progress in the work of supplying the new Indian leaders needed for the districts. Ahmednagar Normal School.—During Mr. Clark’s furlough money was secured for land and buildings for the development of the Normal School, and now it is reported that extensive changes have been made in the mission compound and the net result is a very desirable pair of school buildings and adjoin­ ing set of dormitories, simple but ample, and the residence for the missionary principal. Ahmednagar Girls' School. —The Girls’ School at Ah­ mednagar has also been undergoing improvements in plant. The government inspectors have spoken with great ap­ preciation of the work done throughout the school, but the best testimony is the fact that the pupils are taking their course at a considerable expense to themselves. Several applications have come from high caste girls and married women. It is the earnest desire to make the school a center of help and influence for the women and girls of the city. A Bible study schedule prepared by Mr. Clark and Miss Bissell has been found most helpful in organizing the Bible classes throughout the school. SholapurBoys’ School.— Most of the boys in the school at Sholapur are Christians. Fifty-five were in the boarding department last year. In connection with this school there is an industrial depart­ 148 Missions in India and Ceylon ment, the carpentering phase being praised by the education inspector. Byculla Boys' School.—The Byculla School for Boys has been getting of late an increased number of pupils in the primary depart­ ment. The highest class numbered 18 last year, an unusually large number. There were about 80 boys in the boarding department. The number of orphans naturally grows less. Some of the boarders come from places outside of Bombay, and mostly from other missions. The village school work of Marathi has perhaps never had a more successful year. In the Vadala district the attendance has been the largest in the history of the district, there being over a thousand boys and girls in the schools, one half of whom were non-Christians. It is more and more evident that these schools are marked examples of evangelistic usefulness. Bangalore Theological Seminary.—The institution with which the American Board cooperates with several other mission societies in South India at Bangalore is called the United Theological College of South India and Ceylon. It aims to give higher training than is possible in any other institution in South India. Its work is in English and it aims to accept only those who have had an equiva­ lent of a college education. The college is administered and gov­ erned by a council represented by the different missionary societies. The first practical steps toward the establishment of the college were taken in 1906 at Kodaikanal. The different societies involved expressed their approval and some were able to give buildings and funds and others to supply men for the faculty. The College Council was cdnstituted and held its first meeting at Bangalore in 1910 and the College was formally opened in July of that year. Now a new site has been secured and the work has already begun to prove its value. The American Board representative upon the faculty is Rev. David S. Herrick. It is hoped to extend the course from three to four years in length. The institution started with eight students in 1910. In spite of many differences of taste and habit that might tend to separate the students from one another a spirit of brotherliness and mutual helpfulness has been mani­ fested in their life together. Medical Work.—Missionary medical work has not only made many efforts for the Christian cause in India, it has also presented to the whole community in a tangible and normal way the altruistic purposes and spiritual aim of the American Board. It proclaims Missions in India and Ceylon 149 as it also exemplifies, the life of the great Physician Himself and prepares the way for the deepest truths and spiritual blessings of the gospel as they are presented to them by doctors and evangelists. McLeod Hospital.—There are one or two outstanding events to report for the year under review, the most important of which is the addition to the staff of another lady doctor, a native of Jaffna and the first Tamil lady in Jaffna to receive a medical degree. Another event to note was the opening of a new maternity ward at the time the Woman’s Board deputation was present, November 9, 19TI. The cost of this new ward was over 10,000 rupees, given entirely by grateful patients and their friends. Many visitors were received during the year, including missionaries, doctors» judges and tourists, many of whom were not only interested in the hospital, but spoke of the good work being done there as a “ paying investment” for one who has funds to put to good use. The year under review, like the previous year, showed an in­ crease in numbers in every department, more particularly in that of the inpatients. This was due both to the increased staff and to the increased accommodation. Having an associate doctor has made progress possible. The hospital has steadily increased in the number of treatments, adding nearly a thousand every year for the dispensary treatments and increasing at the rate of 200 a year for hospital inpatients. The majority of patients are Hindus. They come from over a hundred villages and some from distant parts of the Island. The daily average of the inpatients last year was 54, though at one time there were 84 in the hospital. The training home for nurses needs a superintendent. There are 12 girls in the nurses’ class. The hospital gives splendid opportunities for preaching the gospel to all classes of people gathered from many villages. Green Hospital, Manepay.—The staff has been substantially the same as last year. Though there is not any outstanding event of the year to remark upon there has been steady growth in numbers in all departments. Some preparation has been made for building the nurses’ home in the coming year. This will provide a much needed building and will leave their present home available for other workers not inadequately provided for. More room for male patients is a need that has begun to press and must in the near future be met. Little need be said of the outdoor dispensary work that has not been said from year to year. The conditions remain much the Missions in India and Ceylon

same. In the outdoor dispensary the number of new cases was one hundred and twenty-two more than the previous year. For the first time for many years, the number of male outpatients is greater than the female. In the hospital the numbers are greater than last year. No special epidemic of any kind was observed, so the cases run over the usual wide range of general diseases. Albert Victor Hospital. This work under the efficient care of Dr. Van Allen has gone on diligently and unremittingly. It has been open day and night. One of its chief features is religious

Woman’s Hospital, Madura work. The hospital catechist spends his whole time working among the patients and one of the comforts of Dr. Van Allen and his associates is that in this land, hostile to Christianity, a follower of Jesus Christ may find in the hospital a Christian air of support to his faith. The terrible outbreak of cholera in May and June not only prevented the people from coming from the surrounding country to Madura, but drove many in alarm from the town. This caused a decrease in attendance at the hospital. Woman's Hospital, Madura.—Dr. Katherine B. Scott arrived October 4 to relieve Dr. Parker about to leave on furlough. The medical branch everywhere finds a ready field and this hospital is no exception. ^ Missions in India and Ceylon 151

Ahmednagar Hospital.—Owing to plague and the consequent fleeing of the people from Ahmednagar, the city dispensary- was closed in September, while the daily dispensary hours were held at the hospital. Four operating rooms have been tiled and running water installed throughout the hospital. The nurses were able to take possession of their new quarters, the Wadia Nurses’ Home, a commodious two-story building with a little compound of its own. This will add to the comfort and happiness and real efficiency of the nurses. The hospital rejoices over the appointment of a new medical associate. Wai Hospital.-—Dr. Beals writes of an eventful year not merely because of the securing of a building site and also funds for the new hospital building now practically erected, but also for the abundance of work and most hearty welcome among the people awaiting him from his furlough. The people continue to come in great numbers from the villages in every direction.

Industrial Work The need and opportunity for character building in the industrial work of the mission is evident and none are more alive to the need than the missionaries themselves. Mr. Churchill’s hopes of a trade school seem somewhat nearer fulfilment. Substantial sub­ scriptions have been secured and the foundation of an interest in the work laid. Up to the present no new trade has been taken on except for the direct purpose of assisting the weaving department at Ahmednagar. The carpentry shop, the machine shop, the foundry and the store and the office exist for the purpose of making looms and other weaving apparatus, yet these departments con­ stitute about the best attempt at teaching trades yet made. It is the hope of Mr. Churchill and his associates to move the present plant to a mqre suitable site where they can start, besides weaving, practical farming and building in an industrial institution where the students will be taught how to produce the fundamental staples of life. Such a school if rightly placed and conducted would be one of the strongest means of spreading the gospel of Christ in India. Industrial work at Pasumalai and other parts of the India field has proved an efficient help to the students. 152 Missions in India and Ceylon

Philanthropic A home has'been started for young men of the Bombay Church who, being poor and without friends, have been living under the demoralizing influence of heathen surroundings. Although the home aims at self-support, it occasionally needs a helping hand, especially when the wages of these young men are very small and when they are without work, owing either to illness or reduction. There are from 12 to 15 young men who board and lodge in the home under the close supervision of the pastor and his wife. During the year there have been 121 girls in Bowker Hall. Five have been sent for training as kindergartners or nurses. There are over 90 girls in the sewing classes. They do the plain sewing for all the School, making frocks, jackets, skirts and under­ clothing for the girls, and the coats, trousers and shirts for the boys. They also do much fine embroidery. Little Boys' Home.—In a big city like Bombay a boy who knows English well has much greater prospects of advancement than one who knows only his mother tongue. So this school endeavors to start a limited number of promising boys in the use of the English language from the very beginning of their school life. Certainly these 40 pupils are enjoying privileges of education which no Government school and no other mission school provides for boys under 12 years of age. Still more important than the aim of English education is the aim of this school to help produce some strong Christian men who shall become leaders of their community. In order that they may be trained in the need and in the dignity of manual labor, each boy in the school is required to help in the work of the household and in the making of cane articles like chairs, tables, stools, baskets, etc. To these boys, who are necessarily and purposely limited in number, there is being made available so far as possible, some of the personal attention and the refining influ­ ence of the Christian home wherein they live and also of frequent entrance into the home of the missionaries. Miss Franzen has just taken charge. Blind School—The Blind School under Miss Millard has 41 pupils, who are given a school education on the Braille system, both English and Marathi being taught. Special attention is given to music. Basket-making, chair-caning and bead-work are taught. We are grateful that we can continue the Dexter Home for Missions in India and Ceylon 153 widows. Other widows have wanted to come. It would not be amiss if wc could double the numbers in this useful institution. We see much improvement in the lives of the widows.

The Abbott H om e—For a long time the c r y i n g need of a real home for Indian widows lay heavily on the heart of Miss Anstice Abbott of our Mission in Bombay. In answer to her prayers and untiring efforts, money was sent from America and England for the benefit of such women in 1897 and this work was begun. Dur­ ing its 14 years’ existence since then 120 women and 52 children have been in the home for a longer or shorter time. Some are serving as Bible women, others as ayahs and cooks. According to their ability to learn, these women have been taught reading, writing and other subjects. Some have become proficient in embroidery and fine sew­ ing. All have been trained in plain sewing, cooking and all domestic duties, all the happier, more useful and more Christlike, because of what God has given them through the life and love of the noble woman whose name the home bears. In 1905 ill health compelled Before and After at the Blind School Miss Abbott to leave India and the Home was moved to Wai, where in 1907 a commodious house was built with money provided by the W. B. M. I. Through her prayers and efforts for this Home Miss Abbott has still a large share in work for India’s widows and children. Leper Asylum, Sholapur.—At present the leper asylum is super­ intended by Mr. Dalaya,—the son-in-law of Dr. Keskar, who tries to carry out Dr. Keskar’s wishes. The wonder is when we realize that he was brought up in the strictest sect of Brahmins, who would hold these lepers in the deepest loathing. There are in the leper asylum 62 inmates. Twenty acres of land lying a mile from the Manamadura Mission 154 Missions in India and Ceylon compound have been purchased with a view to starting a leper village there. The Widows’ Aid Society continues to furnish to the widows of our agents and of some of our common Christians too, substantial aid, if not support, in the time of their greatest need.

Publications No other field presents larger opportunities for Christian literary effort than India. There is nothing that is more needed than a healthy Christian literature that will reach and influence the mass of those who are already Christians. Pasumalai Press.—We have at Pasumalai our Mission Press establishment. The work of the press has grown so much that it was absolutely necessary to get a new machine to help turn out the work. It is now at work and is turning out a large amount of good work. During the year more than 300 distinct orders were filled and over 3,000,000 pages of printed matter were turned out. The staff of workmen has remained about the same. There has been plenty of work and often the men have worked late into the night to fill the orders received. If we had more room and more type we could greatly increase our influence. The Pasumalai Devotional Booklet series has not been increased during the year beyond the publishing of a new edition of the “Teaching of Jesus” in Tamil. An edition of 2,700 copies of the new almanac was published and many thousands of hand bills, including a new one, were sent forth on their message of life. The United Church Herald in English and in Tamil is edited and is published at Pasumalai. It is the organ of the S. I. United Church and has a good circulation. Several of our missionaries have done considerable during the year in the furtherance of the Cause of Christian Literature in South India. Dnyanodaya.—This year the Dnyanodaya is in its seventieth volume. Although it has thus reached the age of threescore years and ten, the “ Rise of Knowledge” (as its Marathi title means) has reached the age, not of decreasing, but of increasing, usefulness. The Dnyanodaya being the only Christian English-and-Marathi newspaper which is published, it is a great privilege and responsi­ bility for the editors of the two departments to present to the Indian Christian community of all denominations in Western Missions in India and- Ceylon 155

India such an interpretation of current events and of Chrisiian principles as shall lead the reader to discern, and to take part in, the coming of the Kingdom of God. An experience which deserves to be recorded with grateful encouragement has been the hearty response that has come to the attitude of friendly interest and trust and sympathy toward various indigenous instances of aspi­ ration and service. During the year the Dnyanodaya has solicited contributions from some leading non-Christians concerning their view of certain lines of progress. Their ready and frank responses have furnished some of the most interesting and instructive articles that have appeared during the course of the 3'ear. The power of a high-minded journal, full of faith and hope and love, is becoming more needful and more evident as public opinion in India becomes more educated and articulate. Year Book of Missions.—India has taken its place beside Japan and China in publishing a compendium on the Christian Movement in the land for 1912. It covers work of all the denominations and is a most valuable reference upon the various phases of Christian activity in India, Burma and Ceylon. Dr. Jones of Madura is the editor for the year representing the interdenominational committee.

The Mission Institutions

MARATHI MISSION

M issio n T h e o l o g ic a l S e m in a r y , A h m e d n a g a r .— For a second year the Seminary was closed because of the absence of the principal and the pressure of other work upon the instructors. Extension work, which proved so valuable during the previous year, could not be maintained. In June, 1912, the work was resumed with classes in English and vernacular.

B i b l e W o m a n ’s T r a in in g S ch o o l, A h m e d n a g a r .— N ot in session during the past year. Nineteen Bible women have rendered excellent service.

U n io n T r a in in g S c h o o l.— A school for Christian teachers under the manage­ ment of the United Free Church Mission and the American Board. B y altera­ tions in the school property, two school buildings, a set of dormitories and a bungalow for the principal have been secured. Studies in hygiene are now a part of the curriculum and training in agriculture is to be added. In the second- dary school, there are 60 boys and 197 in the primary. Out of total of 257, the non-Christians are 118.

M iss io n H ig h S ch o o l, Ahmednagar.— Two hundred and forty students in the literary department and 353 in total enrollment. The night school in English is a valuable department, especially for the industrial boys. 156 Missions in India and Ceylon

S i r D. M . P e t i t S c h o o l o f I n d u s t r i a l A r t s , A h m e d n a g a r .— A part of the High School and means of support to many of its pupils. Work in weaving and carpentry departments is showing marked improvement. A fully developed trade school is the hope of the future. M any of the pupils were famine waifs.

T h e W h i t t e m o r e S c h o o l , A h m e d n a g a r .— S tation boarding school for girls, with 357 pupils and 26 teachers. The Lace School, helping young widows and poor girls, is self-supporting. The Sewing School has prospered. The raising of silk worms was introduced. A new school building is finished and two dormi­ tories are to be erected.

M i s s i o n H i g h S c h o o l , B o m b a y .— In the High School and English Depart­ ment, 98 pupils; in the Primary or Marathi- School, 88; native teachers, 12. Boarding pupils are 80; the day pupils are increasing. Manual work is a prom­ inent feature, helping toward self-support.

S h o l a p u r B o y s ’ S c h o o l .— Of the 69 pupils, 26 are in the secondary school, 43 in the primary and 55 in the boarding department. The carpentry department is doing excellent work.

W o r o n o c o G i r l s ’ S c h o o l , S h o l a p u r .— E ighty-two in primary school and 16 others, total 98.

K indergarten T r a i n i n g S c h o o l , S h o l a p u r .— Total attendance was 96, and 16 graduates from the training class. The course of two years produces marked improvement in character and leadership among the girls. The school is winning favor with the best people.

R a h u r i B o a r d in g S c h o o l f o r B o y s .— One hundred and seventy-two board­ ing and day pupils. Industrial work.

R a h u r i B o a r d in g S c h o o l f o r G i r l s .— One hundred and twenty boarding and day pupils. Industrial work, including sewing and lace work.

V a d a l a B o a r d in g S c h o o l f o r B o y s .— One hundred and twenty-four board­ ing and day pupils. M any graduate to higher schools in Ahmednagar. Boys from masonry^ and carpentry classes are finding work in industrial lines.

V a d a l a B o a r d in g S c h o o l f o r G i r l s .— Eighty-three boarding and day pupils. Industrial work, including lace making.

B y i n g t o n B o a r d in g S c h o o l f o r B o y s , S i r u r .— One hundred and twenty-three pupils. Four departments, including secondary, primary, blind, and kinder­ garten. The kindergarten and night school are especially successful. Industrial and agricultural work.

B e v e r l y B o a r d in g S c h o o l f o r G i r l s , S i r u r .— One hundred and ten pupils. Kindergarten.

S a t a r a B o a r d in g S c h o o l f o r B o y s a n d G i r l s .— Fifty boys and 2 7 girls. Another standard has been added and a kindergarten incorporated.

W a i B o a r d in g S c h o o l f o r B o y s a n d G i r l s .— Fifty-three boys and 45 girls.

A b b o t t H o m e f o r W i d o w s , W a i .— Maintained by voluntary contributions from America and England. Is caring for 40 women and children. Practical training in domestic arts, needle work and lower grade studies. Missions in India and Ceylon 157

C h a p in H o m e f o r W id o w s , A h m e d n a g a r .— Four in permanent residence and temporary shelter for many other women.

B l i n d S c h o o l , B o m b a y — Twenty-five boys and 16 girls. Instruction in Braille system, music, chair-caning and industrial arts.

D e x t e r H o m e f o r W id o w s .—

L i t t l e B o y s ’ H o m e a n d E n g l is h S c h o o l , B o m b a y — Christian home and English school for 40 boys. Manual training in cane work.

A l i c e H o u s e O r p h a n a g e , A h m e d n a g a r .— Home for 36 girls, students in the station schools. The silk worm industry' has been introduced. Report by Districts: Chrjstian Non.Christum Total Schools Teachers Pupils Pupils Pupils Bombay City ...... XI 33 23>7 m 6l6 Ahmednagar City ...... 10 105 703 548 1,251 Parner...... 1 8 21 89 287 376 Kolgaon...... 11 17 7I X80 251 J eur...... 9 11 75 146 221 Vada1^ ...... 4° 62 542 593 1,135 Rahuri...... •••• 27 39 700 419 1,119 Sirur...... 6 14 189 165 354 Satara...... 6 16 50 214 264 W ai...... 10 18 63 332 395 Sholapur...... 25 42 290 560 850 Totals...... 173 378 3,009 3,823 6,832

Medical Work Bombay, Good Will Dispensary, 6,905 patients. Ahmednagar, Mission Hospital and Dispensary, 15,258 patients. Rahuri, the dispensary treated 5,478 patients. Wai, hospital and dispensary, 12,000 patients. The total patients were 39,642 and $1,18 2 were taken in fees.

T h e D n y a n o d a y a , B o m b a y .— The only Christian-English-Marathi newspaper published in India. An 8-page weekly of current events and Christian progress.

MADURA MISSION

T h e A m e r i c a n C o l l e g e .— The highest institution, receiving students from the lower schools of the mission. It is affiliated with the Madras University. The Pasumalai schools, which were formerly under the control of the College Council, are now separate institutions. Special mention is made of a gift of $30,000 for a science building and equipment. In Madura, the College has 75 students, the High School 368, and the Elemen­ tary School 17 1, in all 6 14 students under a staff of 35 teachers. Of these 79 are Christians. Government grants amounted to $4,000 and $3,655 was received in fees.

P a s u m a l a i H i g h S c h o o l a n d T r a i n i n g I n s t it u t i o n .— The faculty includes 36 instructors. Of the 630 students, 49 are in the Normal Department, 366 in the upper High School and 215 in the Elementary Department. The Christians 158 Missions in India and Ceylon number 458. The government grant was the largest to any school in the district. Students from the Normal School are in constant demand as teachers. The curriculum includes agriculture, mechanical and commercial subjects.

T h e o l o g i c a l S e m i n a r y , P a s u m a l a i .— Forty-two students, including the wives. The personnel is the strongest in the school’s history. Studies are given in English and Marathi. Evangelistic work covers two months of the year. A new building is in process of erection.

G i r l s ’ T r a i n i n g a n d H ig h S c h o o l , M a d u r a .— Total students, 349; in the Normal School, 33; in the Secondary School, 121; in the Primary School, 195. There are 19 teachers. The new kindergarten room increases the effectiveness of this new department. English, music and science are part of the course for higher grade students, while the others have practical training in the vernacular.

T h e L u c y P e r r y N o b l e B i b l e T r a i n i n g , S c h o o l M a d u r a .—T rains Chris­ tian women for work of Bible women, evangelists, etc. Owing to absence of the principal, the school has not been in session for two years.

T h e H i g h c l e r i c S c h o o l , K o d i k a n a l .— A school for missionary children, jointly conducted by American Madura Mission and the American Arcot Mission of the Reformed Church in America. There were 80 in attendance, representing 14 missions.

T h e U n i t e d T h e o l o g ic a l C o l l e g e , B a n g a l o r e .—A union theological school under the auspices of the United Free Church of Scotland, the American Arcot Mission of the Reformed Church in America, the American Board of Missions, the Wesleyan Missionary Society and the London Missionary Society. The American Board is represented by one professor in the faculty.

B o a r d i n g S c h o o l s .— The station schools are of supreme importance in the educational and Christian development of the Indian youth. The best pupils graduate into the higher institutions at Madura and Pasumalai. The schools number 5 with 23 teachers. The enrollment is as follows: Day Pupils Boarders Christians Total North Circle...... 30 38 48 68 West Circle...... 16 91 97 107 South Circle...... 15 155 170 170 East Circle...... 14 45 59 59 Central Circle...... 9 73 57 82 Totals...... 84 402 431 486

V i l l a g e a n d S t a t i o n P r i m a r y S c h o o l s .— Under the direction of the District Conference, these schools number 232 with 336 native teachers. The attendance by circles: Non- Christians Christians Total North Circle...... l8 0 1,149 1,329 West Circle...... 391 1,798 2,189 South Circle...... 473 i,66o 2,133 East Circle...... 1 1 2 603 715 Central Circle...... 263 1,901 2,164 Konganadu Mission...... 1 5 100 115 Pasumalai High School (support)...... 2 38 40 Totals...... i ,436 7,249 8,685 Missions in India and Ceylon 159

H in d u G i r l s ’ S c h o o l s .— Twenty schools are maintained in 7 centers. There are 62 teachers and 1,556 pupils, 41 being Christians.

Medical Work

A l b e r t V i c t o r H o s p i t a l , M a d u r a — Mission hospital for men. Patients in dispensary, 18,456; patients treated in hospital, 476; total operations, 1,236. Cost of maintenance, $4,385. The outbreak of cholera in the spring reduced the attendance.

H o s p i t a l f o r W o m e n a n d C h i l d r e n , M a d u r a ,— Besides the missionary physician, the staff consists of 1 medical assistant, 5 compounders and 13 nurses. The patients numbered 12,364; treatments, 29,205; operations, 769; maternity cases, 154; outstation visits, 422. Among the patients were 41 Europeans, 3,820 Indian Christians and 8,503 of other faiths.

T h e L e n o x P r e s s , P a s u m a l a i .— A new and larger press has been installed. Books and tracts printed, 17,550; pages printed over 3,000,000. The United Church Herald, a religious paper in English and Tamil, is issued.

M a d u r a H o m e M i s s i o n a r y S o c i e t y .— This, the only native evangelizing agency, is most promising in its influence and results. Ten workers are in the field of the Konganadu Mission, evangelists, teachers and Bible women. Two stations have been opened, with 82 Christians. One whole village has been won. Resources, Rs. 1,700, or $567.

M a d u r a W id o w s ’ A id S o c i e t y ,— A mutual benefit society for financial aid of widows and orphans. Living members, 237. Income, Rs. 3,600.

CEYLON MISSION

J a f f n a C o l l e g e .— The highest mission institution, drawing pupils from all parts of the field and all kinds of schools. Incorporated in both Ceylon and the United States. There are boarding and preparatory departments. A plan to absorb the Vaddakkoddai high school will give the college a preparatory depart­ ment reaching down to the first year of school life. Total enrollment, 157; average attendance in upper division, 33; in the lower division, 97. The faculty comprises 9 Tamil and 3 American teachers. Two students went from the college to the Union Theological Seminary at Bangalore, India,

B o y s ’ N o r m a l S c h o o l , T e l l i p p a l a i . Supplies the large system of village schools with teachers. Three departments; the primary or practicing school, the middle or preparatory school, and the normal department proper. Eight years of preparation precede the two years of normal work. Eleven pupils are enrolled in the training department, and 50 boys are in the boarding school lead­ ing to the normal school. Ten united with the church.

U d u v i l G i r l s ’ B o a r d in g S c h o o l — A boarding and training school matric­ ulating with the university. Three departments; the training school with 27, the Tamil school with 154, and the English school with 15 1 pupils, making a total enrollment of 332. Teaching staff, 2 Americans and 12 Tamils. Christian homes furnish 172 of the girls and Hindu homes 160. Of the latter number 43 united with the church. The normal department is larger than ever. The i6o Missions in India and Ceylon

English department has won government registration and is seeking $25,000 for a needed building. A new sick ward has been added to the school buildings.

U d u p i d d i G i r l s ’ B o a r d in g S c h o o l .— Enrollment was 63, and 8 graduates. The staff consists of the principal and 5 Tamil instructors. Twelve pupils united with the church. Receives a government grant.

Medical Work

T h e G r e e n H o s p i t a l , M a n e p a y .— For both sexes and all classes. Steady growth in all departments. Patients treated in hospital were 1,206; in dispensary, 3,670; total treatments, 7,544. Operations, 231; maternity cases, 71; visits to villages, 342. Patients came from 90 villages. Classification by religions: Protestants, 987; Roman Catholics, 742; Hindus, 3,125; Buddhists and others, 22. Total income, Rs. 10,648.20 or $3,550. Preparations were made for building a nurses’ home.

K a r a d i v e B r a n c h H o s p i t a l a n d D i s p e n s a r y .— Forty hospital patients- Statistics for this branch are included in those for the Green Hospital.

M c L e o d H o s p i t a l f o r W o m e n a n d C h i l d r e n , I n u v i l .—O ne native physician has been added to the staff. Hospital in-patients, 1,456; dispensary patients, 2)956; operations, 244; m aternity cases, 26 1: visits by doctor to the villages, 409. Protestant patients were 892; Roman Catholics, 405; H in d u s , 3,10 3; o th e rs , 12. A fine new maternity ward was completed and dedicated. Nurses' class num­ b e r e d 12. Income, Rs. 12,291.07 o r $4,097.

Native Organizations

J a f f n a E v a n g e l i c a l S o c i e t y .— The home missionary society of th e churches is in its 65th year of service. Its budget of Rs. 2,699.77 includes items for the support of a pastor and supervisor of the work, 2 catechists and 2 teachers, besides aiding 23 boys and girls to attend the boarding schools. Its field is confined to four islands off the West coast of Ceylon.

T h e W o m a n ' s M i s s i o n .— Its field is the island o f Nainative, off the northwest coast of Ceylon. Maintains a school of 80 boys and girls, and a Bible woman. Is sending this year a girl to the Uduvil Girls’ Boarding School. Receipts for the year were Rs. 987.54.

T h e P r e s s .— After a prosperous year, is ordering a large power press and oil engine. The press now employs 16 men, and last year printed 2,000,000 pages. Supplies the village and upper schools with all their Tamil textbooks. Publisher of the Morning Star, a weekly paper in Tamil and English, reaching 6,000 to 7,000 readers. The boys from the Tellippalai Normal School help in the book­ binding department, preparing all the school books used. Missions in India and Ceylon 161

TABLE OF STATISTICS FOR THE YEAR io ii

Marathi Madura Ceylon Mission Mission Mission Totals

Population of field...... 1,813,500 2,573,000 177^)71 4,564471

Number of stations...... 8 10 6 24 Outstations...... 138 353 23 514

Missionaries, total...... 46 44 14 104 Ordained ...... 12 17 3 32 Physicians and others...... 3 3 2 8 W ives...... 12 1 ; 5 34 Single women...... 19 7 4 30 Special service...... 5 3 4 12

Native laborers, total...... 523 774 494 1,791 Ordained preachers...... 45 26 12 83 Unordained preachers...... 48 157 17 222 T eachers...... 355 457 387 1 ,199 Bible women...... 66 92 23 181 Other h elpers...... 9 4-7 55 106

Congregations...... 1 7 8 406 48 6 32 Organized churches...... 58 35 20 113 Communicants...... 7,340 7,398 2 , i n6 16.844 Added 1911...... 4 1 6 609 10 3 1,128 Adherents...... 5,876 23,336 1 ,1 8 4 30,396 Sunday Schools...... i8q 300 77 566 S. S. membership...... 8 ,7 8 4 9,4 io 4-i63 22,357

Schools, total...... 173 261 130 564 Theological Schs...... 1 I I Students...... 42 2 44 Colleges...... i I 2 Students...... 75 157 2 3 2 Boarding and High Schs.. . . 17 7 3 2 7 Students...... 2,217 2,004 413 4.634 Other schools...... 155 252 126 533 Students...... 4,616 10,251 io,733 25,600 Total students...... 6 ,8 3 3 12 ,3 7 2 1 1 , 3 0 5 3 0 ,5 1 0

Hospitals...... 2 2 3 7 Dispensaries...... 5 I 3 9 Patients...... 27,067 28,677 9,288 6 5 ,0 3 2 Treatments...... 57,851 55,448, 13,790 127,089

Native, contributions...... $5,236 $18,561 $14,782 $ 38,579 ii The Japan Mission

Stations: Location and Special work of Missionaries

K o b e (1870).—Arthur W. Stanford, ordained: General evangelistic work for young men; editor and publisher of Mission News and of Morning Light; business agent for the mission; station secretary and treasurer. Mrs. Jane H. Stanford: Woman's Evangelistic School; Bible teaching, supervision of Sunday School work among students; work for women. Miss Martha J. Barrows: Teach­ ing in Woman’s Evangelistic school and general evangelistic work. Miss Susan A. Searle: Principal of Kobe College. Miss Annie L. Howe- Principal of Glory Kindergarten and Training School. Miss Gertrude Cozad: Woman’s Evangelis­ tic School. Miss Olive S. Hoyt: Charge of Department of Physical Sciences and of grounds and buildings in Kobe College. Miss Charlotte B. DeForest: Teach­ ing in Kobe College. Miss M ary E. Stowe: Science teacher in Kobe College. Miss Grace H. Stowe: Teaching in Kobe College. Miss Rosamond C. Bates: Teaching in Woman’s Evangelistic School. Miss Estella L. Coe: Language study; teaching in Kobe College.

O s a k a (1872).— George Allchin, ordained: General evangelistic work. Mrs. Nellie M. Allchin: Work for women. Miss Abbie M. Colby: Evangelistic work and teaching in Baikwa School. Miss Elizabeth Ward: Evangelistic work and teaching in Baikwa School. Miss Amy E. McKowan: Language study; teach­ ing in Baikwa School.

K y o t o (1875).— Dwight W. Learned, D.D., ordained: Teacher of Church History, Biblical Theology and Greek in the Doshisha. Mrs. Florence H. Learned: Charge of Imadegawa Kindergarten. Otis Cary, D.D., ordained: Educational and evangelistic work; secretary of the mission. Mrs. Ellen E . Cary: Teaching in Doshisha Girls’ School; work for women and children. Sidney L . Guiick, D.D., ordained: Professor of Systematic Theology and Apologetics in Doshisha; lecturer on Christianity in Imperial University, Kyoto. Mrs. Cara M. Guiick: Work for women. Morton D. Dunning, ordained: Educational work in the Doshisha; treasurer of the mission. Mrs. M ary W . Dunning: Sunday School work. Frank A. Lombard, ordained: Professor in the Doshisha. Mrs. Alice G. Lombard: Language study. Dana I. Grover: teacher in Doshisha. Mrs. Char­ lotte W. Grover: Music. Mrs. Agnes D. Gordon: Charge of Airin Kindergarten. Mrs. Frances H. Davis: Work for women and children. Miss Mary F. Denton: Teacher in Doshisah Girls’ School; evangelistic work.

O k a y a m a (1879).—James H. Pettee, D.D., ordained: General evangelistic work. Mrs. Belle W. Pettee: Teaching and evangelistic work. Miss Mary E. Wainwright: Work for women, students and soldiers. Miss Alice P. Adams: Christian social settlement work. 162 Japan Mission 163

R e s i d i n g a t T s u y a m a .— Schuyler S. White, ordained: Evangelistic work. Mrs. Ida M cL. White: Work for women.

N i i g a t a (1883).— William L. Curtis, ordained: General evangelistic work. Miss Edith Curtis: Language study.

S e n d a i (1886).— Mrs. Elizabeth S . DeForest: General work for women; Bible classes. Miss Annie H. Bradshaw: Evangelistic and educational work.

T o k y o (1890).— Daniel C. Greene, D.D., ordained: General work; revision of Japanese New Testament.

T o t t o r i fiSgo).— Henry J. Bennett, ordained: Evangelistic and educational work. Mrs. Anna J. Bennett: Principal of Kindergarten; work for women and girls. Charles M. Warren, ordained. Evangelistic work. Mrs. Cora Keith Warren: Work fqr women and girls.

M i y a z a k i (1891).— Cyrus A. Clark, ordained: General evangelistic work. Mrs. Harriet M. Clark: Teaching and evangelistic work. C. Burnell Olds, ordained: Evangelistic work. Mrs. Genevieve \Y. Olds: Charge of kindergarten and work for women.

M a e b a s h i (1888).— Hilton Pedley, ordained: General evangelistic work. Mrs. Martha J. Pedley: Work lor women in church and W. C. T. U.; teacher ot English and Bible in private classes. Miss Fanny E. Griswold; Educational and evangelistic work.

S a p p o r o (1895).— George M. Rowland, D.D., ordained: Evangelistic work. Mrs. Helen A . Rowland: Work for women and children. Miss M. Adelaide Daughaday: Educational and evangelistic work.

R e s i d i n g a t O t a r u .—

M a t s u y a m a (1897).— Horatio B. Newell, D. D.. ordained: General evangelistic work. Mrs. Jane C. Newell: Evangelistic work for women and children. Miss Cornelia Judson: Principal of Girls’ School and Night School. Miss H. Frances Parmelee: Evangelistic and educational work.

On furlough.— Samuel C. Bartlett, ordained; Mrs. Fanny G. Bartlett; Edward S. Cobb, ordained; Mrs. Florence B. Cobb;

Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— Miss Louise H. DeForest, Teacher of music in Doshisha Girls’ School; Miss Anna L. Hill, Teacher of Eng­ lish in Doshisha Girls’ School; Miss Grace Learned, teacher in Doshisha Girls’ School. During the year Mr. and Mrs. Cobb came home on furlough, and Mr. and Mrs. Bartlett are about to leave for their furlough. Dr. and Mrs. Rowland, Mr. and Mrs. Warren, Miss Parmelee, Miss Cozad, Miss DeForest, Miss Ward and Mrs. Allchin have returned to the mission. Mrs. White is also returning. Mr. and Mrs. Taylor have permanently withdrawn from the mission after nearly forty years’ residence in the mission, and their daughter Harriet, who has been teaching in Japan the past year, returned to this country with them. The mission has suffered irreparable loss in the death of Miss Talcott on November 1st, 19 11, and of Mrs. Curtis on April 26th, 1912. Miss Hoyt will take charge of Miss Judson’s work at Matsuyama during the latter’s absence on furlough next year. 164 Japan Mission

M r. and Mrs. Olds and Mrs. Davis will take up their residence at Niigata the latter part of next year. Mr. Curtis has made a short visit to the United States to bring his children home and is returning to live in Tokyo for the winter. Mr. Jerome C. Holmes has been appointed to the mission and will sail some time dur­ ing the coming year. Miss Nettie L . Rupert also has been appointed for work in connection with Kobe Kindergarten and will join the mission some time next year.

JAPAN MISSION

National New Emperor. Board and missionaries alike mourn with the Japanese over the loss of Emperor Mutsuhito, who died July 29, 1912, after a reign of 45 years. With his death closed “Meiji,” the Era of Enlightenment, in which Japan has made wonderful progress in education and power. The new Emperor, Yoshihito, promises to be a progressive like his father. The new era is called “Tai-sho,” Great Righteousness. New light will be turned into character and life—a grand opportunity for Christianity! New Cabinet. Preeminent among the political happenings of the year was the fall of the Katsura Cabinet, with its reactionary Minister of Education, after three years of incumbency; and the rise of the Saionji Cabinet. The Katsura Cabinet, through the Educational Department, endeavored to inculcate the spirit of patriotism and of worship of national heroes by leading the school children of the land to the Shinto shrines and imposing upon them ceremonies that closely resembled religious worship. At the same time with this official aggression in the direction of ancestor worship came the thinly-veiled, subway prohibitions against the children attending the Christian Sunday Schools. One result of this official propaganda was the great falling off in Sunday School attendance all over the country, while the church itself suffered from the general suspicions thus engendered and the obstructions covertly put upon its work. The Christians all felt keenly the injustice of the discrim­ ination. There were many also outside the church who saw not only the shallowness of this policy but felt that the government was making a tactical blunder both at home and in the eyes of the nations. Three-Religions Conference. Partly as a political move, no doubt, but also from a real desire to do something to counteract the evident mistake of the preceding Cabinet and to win for the Government Japan Mission

the moral support and cooperation of the great religious bodies, a Three-Religions Conference was conceived and carried through by the Vice-Minister of the Home Department in the new Cabinet. The Shinto representatives present numbered i;v There were 51 Buddhist leaders and 7 Christians. Hereafter February 25, 1912, will be remembered as the day on which for the first time in history Christianity was specifically recognized in Japan and given b\- the government an equal standing with the old historic faiths of the Empire. W hen all is said and done, the one thing that stands out supreme in connection with the Conference is the fact that the

Japanese Praying for the late Emperor's Life

The scene is outside the fence before the palace grounds

Christian church has received that which this people seem to long for, namely, Governmient recognition. The Three-Religions Con­ ference and the attendant discussions have been a national mind- stretching episode. Church Federation. At this opportune time as never before there is in the church an excellent esprit de corps and the great question of church federation is forcing itself to the front and has taken practical form in the organization of the Committee on the Distri­ bution of Forces. This Committee has held several sessions, has planned conferences in the twelve districts into which for conven­ ience the country has been divided, and is getting machinery into working order for practical cooperation in the near future. The Japan Mission unusual interest in this matter was shown at the eleventh general meeting of the Conference of Federated Missions, held at Tokyo January 3-4, 1912, by the largest attendance in the history of the Conference. Effect of Chinese Revolution. The Chinese revolution has held the interest of the nation as few topics have done and keen interest was shown in the successive steps of its progress. Almost strangely the sympathies of the people were with the revolutionists, though knowing that success might mean a republic. Governmentally, strict neutrality was preserved. With the progress of the Revolu­ tion and the avowed friendship of the revolutionists to Christianity, many urged the Japanese Government to come out into the open, take a clear and positive attitude towards Christianity, and put Japan in line with the best in the civilized world. The Revolution is bound to have a profound influence upon Japan. Korean Conspiracy. The annexation of Korea, as has been reported, was accomplished quietly. Certain prominent Christians were alleged to have had a share in the recent conspiracy against the Governor-General and were put under arrest. In Korean missionary circles this was taken as an indication of hostility to Christianity. Repeated declarations of responsible Japanese offi­ cials have been to the effect that the seizure of the Christians was due to no spirit of antagonism to Christianity. Osaka Fire. A conspicuous event in Osaka during the year was the great fire that destroyed 5,000 houses, including 150 of the lowest kind of licensed resorts, in which there were 1,400 unfortunate girls. The Christian forces united in a successful campaign against the rebuilding of this quarter. Thus the moral force of Christianity is being felt throughout the Empire.

The Peace Movement The greatest obstacle to the Peace Movement in Japan is the lack of a clear vision of the character and extent of the Peace Move­ ment in Europe and America. This is clearly shown by the fact that most of the Japanese who come into close contact with the best Peace workers in Europe and America become intelligent supporters of the cause in their own land. The hope is entertained that within the next few years one of the International Peace Con­ gresses may be held in Japan. Japan Mission

Kumi-ai Churches The relation of the Mission to the Kumi-ai churches is doubtless clear to the constituency of the Board. The Kumi-ai churches, the offspring of American Board work, are the Congregational body of Japan,—self-directing, self-supporting and self-propagating; wholly independent of foreign control. The Mission, for its part, is entirely independent also. The relations, however, between these bodies are as cordial as they are mutually advisory. "Co­ operation” is the slogan, and the spirit of fellowship and true unity is remarkable. The Kumi-ai leaders would welcome more mis­ sionaries for the great unreached portions of Japan. The Kumi-ai body contains 76 independent churches and 26 that are aided by its own Home Missionary Society, -a total of 102 organ­ ized churches, ministered to by 63 ordained and 36 unordained workers, with an adult membership of 16,439 (men, 8,756; women, 7,683), a net increase of only 345 over last year, though during the year there were over a thousand adult baptisms. In the Sunday Schools are gathered 7,376 children. The general contributions of the churches amounted to 102,785 yen, of which over 19,000 yen went for evangelistic work and the support of aided churches. Evangelistic campaigns were carried on at six different points, with fairly satisfactory results. The combined membership of these churches and the mission churches under the American Board gives a total of about 18,000 adults in the Congregational churches in Japan.

Educational Work The service of Christian missionaries to education has been tre­ mendous. Even now that the government is more and more cover­ ing the field, the work of the missionary cannot be overshadowed. The educational work of the American Board in Japan is carried on by at least a third of the entire force. Some of this is done in institutions that are under mission control and some in institutions that are wholly controlled by Japanese. A missionary uses his knowledge of English, music, literature, history, philosophy and the sciences only as a means to an end. He seeks in every way to win the students to Jesus Christ and to help build them up in Christ- like character. The missionaries work in all grades, from the kinder­ garten through the college to the theological seminary. Japan Mission

Doshisha University. The great event of the year has been the recognition of the Doshisha as a “ University,” the grade being the same as that of Waseda University, a private institution of Tokyo under the patronage of Count Okuma. The charter was granted the Doshisha in February, 1912, and the new courses opened in April. By this change the former Theological Department has become incorporated into the University, and Doshisha now con­ sists of the University and the Middle School (Academy), together with the Doshisha Girls’ School. The University itself has three departments,—Theology, Politics and Economics, and Literature. The new forward step, backed by an endowment fund of about 300,000 yen, is enthusiastically supported by the Alumni and friends of the institution, a number of whom are in positions of eminence that enable them to render great service. The first building for the Doshisha was authorized 36 years ago. Nine professors of the Imperial University have been lecturing in the Doshisha, and Professors Gulick and Lombard have continued their lectures in the Kyoto Imperial University on the subjects of Christianity and literature. A gift of $100,000 from a friend in New York enabled the Doshisha to make large progress with the equipment of the Girls’ School. The Government has given recog­ nition to the higher departments of the Girls’ School, which means that its graduates will have better opportunity to become teachers in the public schools. While the Doshisha was founded by American Board missionaries and is now being served by several members of the Mission, it is now wholly independent of foreign control. The United Brethren Mission now furnishes a teacher. Other Institutions. Kobe College has had the largest enrollment in its history,—a total of 230. There have been several changes in the faculty, though the numerical force of the faculty as a whole has been maintained. Some changes have been made in the courses of study. Graduates of government girls’ high schools can now enter the College, even though somewhat behind in English. The English major course has been strengthened, and all candidates for the College diploma must elect a course in philosophy and science. Lectures have been given during the year on practical ethics by several specialists. A Y. W. C. A. was formed for the older students. The Woman's Evangelistic School in Kobe has suffered a great loss in the death of Miss Talcott. The teachers and pupils have Japan Mission 169

been engaged as usual in practical work in the vicinity, including calling, Bible classes, Sunday Schools, children’s meetings, and the like. ■ The class of 1912 of the Glory Kindergarten and Training School at Kobe compiled for their graduat­ ing thesis a study of games used in the Kobe, Osaka and Kyoto kinder­ gartens, which proved so valuable that its publication was called for. Several changes have occurred in the faculty. The school has now 30 graduates, who have charge of kin­ dergartens in all parts of the Em­ pire, with a total enrollment of over 1,400 pupils.

The Baikwa has a new principal, Mi ss Eliza Talcott a former teacher of a Government Normal School. Mr. Oba is a graduate of Doshisha and is an earnest Christian worker. A new lot has been purchased for the Matsuyama Girls' School and an old house thereon fitted up to accommodate the increasing number of pupils. The Miyazaki Kindergarten rejoices in a new home, the “ Davis .Memorial.” The Kindergarten at Totiori has been placed under Mission control. Work at the other institutions in which the missionaries of the Board are cooperating has gone on as usual. Statistics may be found at the end of the report. Value of Christian Teachers. The Christian Movement in Japan for 1912 draws attention to the fact that there is not one among the 34 Christian schools for young men in Japan whose authorities do not have the Christianization of Japan deeply at heart and are not conscientiously and earnestly striving towards this end. In nearly all of them the majority, and in some of them practically all, of the teachers are Christians. The graduates of Christian schools are distinctly different from graduates of other schools; they have some­ thing of the Christian world view and moral ideals; they have something of the Christian spirit of love, sympathy and humaneness; they are friendly to Christianity and help it. A powerful person­ ality in the teacher, profoundly imbued with the spirit of evangelism, is the most effective of all agents to bring about good spiritual results in the school. As President Harada of the Doshisha has 170 Japan Mission said,—“The missionary who can create the conviction in the mind of the Japanese that love is foremost and propaganda secondary is the one who will win their undying affection and lead them to Christ.” One rises from a study of Christian schools for young women with the highest appreciation of their incalculable value to the cause of Christianity and civilization in Japan. Over 80 per cent of their graduates go out as intelligent Christians. It is said that the pastors of Osaka keep up the Baikwa School at the cost of much self-sacrifice solely because they need it to help their evangelistic work. These schools are the great avenue to the homes, and through the homes to the heart of the nation. One profoundly rejoices in the good work for Japan and for the Kingdom of God that has been done by the Christian schools in Japan for young men and young women. Yet much improvement and advance is needed and demanded by the present situation in Japan. Eleemosynary Work Charitable work in general is receiving attention from the gov­ ernment and people of Japan. Large gifts from the Imperial family to sufferers, orphans, etc., have made a deep impression upon the heart of the Empire,—men of wealth particularly giving large sums for the public welfare. The skill, courage, enterprise and genuine hard labor placed by missionaries and other foreigners at the service of Japan at different times and in different emergencies will long be remembered to the credit of these tireless wrorkers. A sort of School of Charities was held in November, 1911, under the auspices and at the expense of the Charity Bureau in the Home Department. It brought together some 150 specialists for free expression of experiences and views. Christians are influential by reason of their greater success and more progressive views. Mr. Ishii, of the Okayama Orphanage, was listened to at the fourth large annual meeting of the School of Charities with marked respect, as he told of his own experience and gave expression to his up-to-date views on the proper way of caring for society’s waifs. Okayama Orphanage, by the way, is revising its charter. It has been passing through a crucial experience, having abandoned its former method of soliciting contributions and adopted the “toil and prayer” principle. All but the youngest children have been removed to the Hyuga farm in Kyushu, where their education is Japan Mission

being conducted on the principle of learning by doing. It is a time of struggle but there is good promise of ultimate success. The Orphanage is leading in a great forward movement among the benevolent institutions and was never more worth}’ of confidence and support than today. The urgent need of reform in factory laws has been partly met by the factory law promulgated by Imperial ordinance on March 28, 1912. Some of the worst abuses are in process of eradication. The Factory Girls’ Home, in Matsuyama celebrated its tenth anniversary in April, 1911. During these ten years its wrork has been in close connection with the cotton thread spinning factory near by. In that time 365 girls were resident in the Home, many of wrhom became baptized Christians. A transformation has gradually come about, however, w'hich has resulted in severing connection with the factory and building up a weaving establish­ ment on its own grounds, thus supplying work in the home for an even more needy class that it was formerly dealing with. This change of front has reduced for a time the work to small proportions. Only 15 girls have been received thus far, but the number will be received as fast as plans can be perfected, looms obtained, and finances allow. The School Girls’ Home of Miyazaki has now a dormitory. Ilana- batake, at Okayama, despite Miss Adams’ enforced absence for part of the time, has made progress in efficiency.

Medical We regret to have to record the permanent withdrawal from Japan of Dr. and Mrs. Taylor after a residence of thirty-three years in the Osaka station, and nearly forty years in the Mission. Nearly all the members of the Mission, including the children, have received timely and successful treatment at the hands of the doctor, who has been for so many years the one physician of the Mission.

Publications Among the many good books that have come from the press during the year, our Kumi-ai brethren have been well represented, and have produced some of the more notable volumes in the list. Among these are Kozaki’s “Christianity and Our Nation,” and “ Christianity's Essential Nature” ; Takemoto’s “ Philosophy of the 172 Japan Mission

Christian Religion” ; Takeuchi’s “The Religion of a Merchant” ; the “Life of Paul Sawayama” by Takemoto and Koki; Kato’s “Life of T. Kobayashi,” and “Commentary on Romans” ; Abe’s “Studies in Romans,” and several volumes of lyiiyagawa’s always helpful sermons, like “The Consolations of Human Life” and “Voiceless Voices.” Mention should be made, too, of a translation of Scudder’s “Christian Catechism for the Young,” and of the third edition of Gulick’s “Recent Developments in the Theory of Evolution.” Pastor Murakami, in conjunction with Mr. Stanford, issues the Morning Light. This paper has a circulation of about 2,500, with a wide and varied constituency. It is developing in powrer and usefulness. Dr. Greene has continued his work upon the revision of the New Testament. The Mission has practically given up its own publication work, as unnecessary.

Memorials Japanese and missionaries are uniting in earnest effort to secure fitting memorials to Dr. Davis and Dr. DeForest. The many American friends of these late missionaries will doubtless respond to the call because of the honor that these Christian statesmen have brought upon the name and motives of America and also because such memorials will tend to strengthen the impression in Japan that Christian America is more than ever materially pledged to an alignment with the educational and religious forces throughout the Empire which Drs. Davis and DeForest did so much to inspire.

Evangelistic Work Through Bible and English classes, classes in singing and instru­ mental music, Sunday School work, girls’ and women’s societies, English clubs for teachers and officials, social life, lectures, literary work, touring, conferences, and unending correspondence, the missionaries seek to make Christ known to the Japanese. All things to all men, if haply they may win some. The missionaries of one station help those of another, and each missionary becomes at times a missionary at large for all Japan, in accordance with the Missions’ plan carried out through an Outlook and Evangelistic Committee. Evangelism in Japan is but well begun. Especially is this true with reference to the country districts where 75 per cent, of the Japan Mission 173 population live. There must be 40,000,000 yet, including those who live in the least favorable and least accessible parts of Japan who are unevangelized. So evangelism in Japan will continue to engage the labors of the American churches for some time to come, even though in many respects Japan is thought to be the most advanced missionary field in the world. It will be a long time before the Japanese native churches combined can adequately cover the field. The oppor­ tunity for missionary work is unbounded; never were the Japanese more kindly dis­ posed ; never wras the govern­ ment so friendly; never have the moral and religious needs of the people been more openly acknowledged. The Japanese Christians, too, are uniting in the call for more missionary work. T h e M is s io n has gone steadily forward with its evangelistic work during the year. There is not space to speak of it all here in detail. One of the important events of the year was the visit of Mr. Pedley with Mr. Sawa- mura of the Kumi-ai Home Missionary Society to For­ mosa and the ascertaining of The Takehashi Persecution Stone the consensus of opinion there among the Christian bodies in favor of the Kumi-ai churches beginning work in that "Beautiful Island.” One memorable incident of the year was the twentieth anniversary of residence in Hyuga by Mr. and Mrs. Clark. This was made the occasion for a series of wrell-attended, effective memorial evan­ gelistic meetings in twelve different places. Messrs. Kozaki, Sawa- mura and Shiraishi came to help. Mr. Kozaki was the first person who ever visited Hyuga for evangelistic work. This wras in the eleventh year of Meiji (1878). The program included the meetings of the East-Kyushu Bukwai 174 Japan Mission

(Local Association) at Tsuma, and the dedication of that church. The dedication services showed what a very wide interest there was in this Christian work in Tsuma. The governor of the Ken sent his representative to attend and speak for him, with his regrets that he himself could not be present. A half dozen members of the Provincial Assembly left their meeting and rode the fifteen miles here to attend this service. Crowds from the surrounding towns, including the heads of counties and townships, were there; and it was a day of most cordial expression of interest in Tsuma and in Christianity, notably on the part of those outside the Christian circle. At the Communion Service held in this connection, an impressive feature was the reception into the Church of twenty- nine adult members of the Bible Class, who had been preparing for this event for a long time. Mr. Clark had the privilege of per­ forming the baptismal ceremony as a commemorative act. The Mission is now bending its efforts toward the development of new congregations and churches, which in time will become a part of the Kumi-ai church. Not counting the churches that were established by the Mission and turned over to the Kumi-ai church, the Mission now is working in 48 chapels, through 31 native preachers and 22 Bible women. The Committee on the Distribution of Forces, representing the Conference of Federated Missions, has reported that in the ten districts studied there are found to be one evangelistic missionary in 124,000 of the population and over; one Japanese preacher in over 48,000; one Japanese evangelistic worker in nearly 36,000; one Japanese Christian to over 920 of the population. The Committee has also made certain recommendations that are of interest, such as:—a more complete missionary occupancy of Japan; the increase of Christian forces to make this possible; the assignment of primary responsibility for evangelizing specific districts to specific bodies; that such districts as have not already arranged to do so be urged to maintain such organization as will make it possible to hold further conference from time to time in the interest of mutual understanding, sympathy and fellowship; that there be in particular in each district a representative, permanent committee that will keep in touch with the whole district and the work there done, arrange for the delimitation of territory among the missions, give counsel and advice regarding all common prob­ lems, and do all in its power to promote harmonious relations be­ tween the working forces. Japan Mission *75

This Committee draws our attention again 10 the great unoccu­ pied rural districts of Japan. Perhaps in no other mission field has this population been so neglected and nowhere is it easier of access physically or more influential in the affairs of the nations. It is the opinion of the missionaries and Japanese alike that there should be no further delay in making a distinct and determined effort to reach this rural population, which represents practically three fourths of the people of the Empire. It is no easy task, nor one that can quickly be accomplished. It should be accompanied by a clear delimitation of territory between the various evangelistic agencies, so as to prevent any duplication of effort or appearance of competition. The immediate importance of this work is urged upon all the readers of this report.

The Call to Prayer A Call to Prayer comes to the missionaries and their colleagues, "In view of the supreme importance of this whole subject of pro­ viding an adequate opportunity for the wrhole of Japan to hear the Gospel and the proper distribution of the Christian forces to this end that all Christians in Japan and elsewhere be invited to join in special intercession at this time in behalf of these objects. More­ over, that with redoubled faith and earnestness we all continue to pray for that larger outpouring of the Spirit upon Japan which is needed above all things else and which ought to be nearer in pro­ portion as we are of one accord and of one mind.”

Institutions of the Japan Mission

K o b e C o l l e g e a n d A c a d e m y .— Founded 1875. Highest grade Christian school for girls in Japan, with cooperative control by mission and Japanese. The student body of 230 includes 23 in the college and 207 in the academy. Gradu­ ates, 2 i. The faculty remains the same as last year.

G l o r y K indergarten a n d T r a i n i n g S c h o o l , K o b e .—Founded 1889. Mission control. The training school had 16 pupils and 10 graduates, and the kindergarten 64 pupils and 27 graduates. There are 30 graduates of the train­ ing school having charge of kindergartens in all parts of the Empire, with 1,444 pupils. A building fund has been started. „

So—a i K indergarten , K y o t o .— Founded 1892. Mission control. Fifty pupils and 17 graduates.

I m a d e g a w a K indergarten , K y o t o .— Founded 1897. Mission control. Fifty-five students and 18 graduates. Recently held reunion of graduates at its fifteenth anniversary. 176 Japan Mission

M a e b a s h i K indergarten .— Founded 1894. Mission control. Enrolled 40 pupils and graduated 25. Applicants for admission exceed the allowed limit. A new home for the teachers, principal and matron has been secured.

M i y a z a k i K indergarten .— Founded 1909 under mission control. Fifty pupils and 17 graduates. A new building has been erected, and has greatly ex­ tended the influence of the school.

T o t t o r i K indergarten .— Founded 1906. Mission control. Forty stu­ dents and 24 graduates.

W o m a n ’ s E vangelistic S c h o o l , K o b e .— Founded 1884. Under mission control. Enrollment, 29; graduates, 4. Practice and theory are blended in the instruction. Students’ Bible classes, Sunday school work, children’s meetings, visiting the sick and other forms of Christian activity are encouraged.

M a e b a s h i G i r l s ' S c h o o l .— Founded 1888. Controlled jointly by Japanese and mission. One hundred thirty-five pupils and 36 graduates. Seventy board in the dormitory.

M a t s u y a m a G i r l s ’ S c h o o l . — Founded 1886. Mission control. The en­ rollment was 133 and 36 were graduated. A lot has been purchased and a building fitted up to accommodate the increase in pupils. All of the school have expressed their purpose to become Christians.

M a t s u y a m a N i g h t S c h o o l .— Founded 1891. Mission control. The pupils number 120, the majority being boys. Graduates were I I and entering class, 64. During 21 years of existence it has enrolled 932 boys and 873 girls. Seven boys from the middle school grade are in the honor divisions in one of the city middle schools. Plans are laid for building and enlarging the scope of the work.

M a t s u y a m a F a c t o r y G i r l s ' H o m e a n d N i g h t S c h o o l .— Founded 19 0 0 . Mission control. Twenty-three pupils and 4 graduates. During the last decade 365 girls have been resident in the Home. The weaving department is being de­ veloped on its own grounds, since the connection with the nearby cotton thread spinning factory was severed. Fifteen girls are given work and a home. The night school gives a common school education.

M i y a z a k i S c h o o l G i r l s ’ H o m e .— Founded 1909. Mission control. En­ rollment of 16. A dormitory to accommodate 40 girls has been constructed.

M i y a z a k i B l i n d S c h o o l .— Founded in 1910 under mission control. Pu­ pils 7.

H a k u a i P r i m a r y S c h o o l , O k a y a m a .— Founded 1896. Mission control. Sixty-one pupils, 29 boys and 32 girls; graduates, 2. Miss Adam s’ social settle­ ment work is closely related to this school. The hospital and dispensary cared for 748 patients and gave 6,495 treatments.

H a k u a i S e w i n g S c h o o l , O k a y a m a .— Founded 1896. Mission control. The school had 18 pupils and graduated one.

B a i k w a G i r l s ’ S c h o o l , O s a k a .—Founded 1878. Under joint control of Japanese and mission. Enrollment of 130. A t the last commencement 18 were graduated. Yen 10,000 has been raised toward an endowment. Japan Mission

T h e D o s h i s h a , K y o t o .— The highest Christian institution in Japan. Inde­ pendent of American Board, but in close connection with the work of the mission. Several missionaries are on the faculty. Nine professors from the Imperial Uni­ versity lectured in the school. A university charter was granted the Doshisha in''February, 19 12, and the new courses began in April. Total students, 1,032; graduates in all departments, 13 1. An endowment of 300,000 yen practically secured.

C o l l e g e a n d A c a d e m y .— Founded 1875. In the academy 655 were en ­ rolled, with 89 graduates. Ten graduated from the college. The new university department opened with 122 students.

G i r l s ’ S c h o o l .— Founded 1887. One hundred ninety-six students and 2 7 graduates. A gift of $100,000 has been received toward enlargement of the school. The government has granted recognition to the graduates of the higher depart­ ments, opening the way for teaching in government schools.

T h e o l o g ic a l S c h o o l .— Founded 1875. Enrollment of 59 and 5 graduates. Trains for the ministry in the mission and Kumiai churches.

12 i 78 Japan Mission

TABLE OF STATISTICS FOR 1911.

Japan Mission Kumiai

Number of stations...... i 12 Outstations...... ! 55 Missionaries, total...... 65 Ordained...... 20 Physicians and others...... i W ives...... 19 Single women...... 25 Special service...... 3 Native laborers, total...... Ordained preachers...... 63 Unordained preachers...... 31 36 Teachers...... Bible-wonjen...... 22 Other helpers...... Congregations...... Organized churches...... i 48 102 Communicants...... 1,875 16,439 Added, 19 11 ...... 201 1,021 Adherents...... ___ ■...... 25,000 Sunday Schools...... 72 93 S. S. membership (Av. attend.)...... 3,239 7,376 Schools, totals...... 23 Theological Schs...... *1 Students...... 59 Colleges...... *2 Students...... 1,203 Boarding and High Schs...... ! *5 Students...... 443 Other schools...... i 15 Students...... 603 Total students...... 2,249 Native contributions...... $2 640 $ 51,923

* Partly under Japanese control. Missions in the Island and Papal Lands

Stations: Location and Special Work of Missionaries

THE ISLAND MISSIONS

MARSHALL ISLANDS

Residing at M e ju r o .— Charles H. Maas, ordained: In charge of the general work of these Islands. Mrs. Matilda Maas: Work for women and girls.

Residing at K u s a i e .— Miss Jessie R. Hoppin: Education of Marshall Island girls in Kusaie School. Miss Elizabeth Baldwin and Miss Jane D. Baldwin: Work for women and girls in Kusaie School.

Residing at N a u r u .— Philip A . Delaporte, ordained: General charge of educa­ tional and evangelistic work. Mrs. Salome Delaporte: Work for women. On furlough.— Miss Louise E. Wilson.

Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— (Ebon), Carl Heine, or­ dained: (Nauru), Miss Olga Meitzner. Mr. and Mrs. Delaporte returned to Nauru early in the year, Mrs. Delaporte being much improved in health, and were appointed regular missionaries of the Board in September. They took with them Miss Olga Meitzner who was sent out by the Christian Endeavor Society of Germany. Dr. and Mrs. Rife have retired from the work and located in this country. Miss Wilson is not yet able to return to the mission. Mr. and Mrs. Maas have been appointed and are located at Mejuro. GILBERT ISLANDS

Residing at Oc e a n I s l a n d .— Irving M. Channon, ordained: In charge of Train­ ing School for Young Men; general work. Mrs. Mary L. Channon: Work for women and girls.

Residing at A p a ia n g .— Frank J. Woodward, ordained: Language study; general charge of work of Island. Mrs. Marion Wells Woodward: Teaching in Gilbert Islands Training School for Girls.

Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— Mr. Richard E. G. Grenfell (Ocean Island). There are no changes in the personnel of these Islands to report except the marriage of Mr. Woodward and Miss Wells on March 28, 1912, and their location on the Island of Apaiang. 179 i8o Island and Papal Lands

PHILIPPINE ISLANDS

D a v a o {Mindanao).— Robert F. Black, ordained: Evangelistic and general work. Mrs. Gertrude G. Black: Work for women and children. Charles T. Sibley, M .D .: Medical work. Mrs. Annie S. Sibley: Associated in medical work and general work for women. Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— Miss Mary R. Matthewson: Nurse; associate in medical work. The personnel of the mission remains the same as last year.

THE ISLAND MISSIONS The work in the Gilbert Islands, as well as in the Marshalls, has been threatened by a large invasion of Catholic missionaries. The number sent in is far out of proportion to the population. They have endeavored in every way possible to make inroads into our work, but in spite of the excessive number of their missionaries and the methods which they have used, the work itself has not been seriously interfered with. It will be borne in mind that from the beginning the London Missionary Society has occupied the islands of the main group south of the equator, with the exception of two, while we have occupied these two, Ocean Island, and all of the islands north of the equator. Attempts have been made hitherto for combining the work of these two missionary societies in the islands but there have been obstacles in the way until this year. After much correspondence and con­ ference, an arrangement has been completed by which the work of the islands will be carried on practically as a unit, the missionaries of both societies cooperating in a training school at Beru. Preachers and teachers trained in the schools will take positions throughout the group and all the missionaries will join in general evangelistic work. One of the main difficulties in arranging the work for the group was that of transportation. The London Missionary Society, through its Ships Committee in Australia are planning to allow the John Williams to devote something like two weeks, in addition to its ordinary work in the Gilbert group, so as to do the work of the entire combined mission. There is every reason to believe that this plan, when once got into working order, will materially increase the effectiveness and strength of the mission. The mission has had the sympathetic cooperation of the Phos­ phate Company and its officers. The missionaries’ work seems to be appreciated by them and they, in turn, have rendered valuable Island and Papal Lands 181 assistance by the free transportation of supplies, teachers, mission­ aries, etc., and in many other ways. The problem of the islands is to provide a sufficient number of teachers and preachers to cover the entire group. Thus, gradually, all of the people will become Christianized and educated, and through the printed word they will be strengthened in their Christian life so as to stand firm in the midst of the overwhelming temptations that beset them. Dr. and Mrs. Channon have remained on Ocean Island, while Mr. and Mrs. Woodward are planning to take up their residence on

The Mission Compound at Apaiang

Apaiang. With the three points of approach, Apaiang, Ocean Island, and Bern, and with the John Williams to solve the transportation problem, and all working in harmony and in close cooperation, there is every indication that we shall be able so to cover the islands, afid hold the points gained, and gain other points not yet touched, with increasing force and power. Mr. Grenfell, who has been of such help to Mr. Channon, has been engaged for three years, with the expectation that by the end of that period, if not before, he may receive full appointment for permanent missionary service. i82 Island and Papal Lands

Nauru. During the greater part of the year, Mr. and Mrs. Delaporte, on account of Mrs. Delaporte’s severe sickness, have been away from the islands, but they are now back once more. During their absence the work was looked after by Mr. Stevens, who is connected with the Phosphate Company, and Mr. Delaporte reports that on his arrival there he found things moving on in a very satis­ factory way. Mr. and Mrs. Delaporte took back with them Miss Meitzner, a young woman from Germany whom they found on their visit there, and who receives her support from a German missionary society. Nauru is no longer the isolated island that it was when work was first begun. Large steamers come and go, and thus aiford facilities for receiving supplies and foreign mail. The missionary work carried on can no longer be confined to the simple natives of the island for the missionary cannot ignore those from other islands and from other countries brought in there in the interests of the phos­ phate business. Marshall Islands Dr. Rife, after long overstaying his furlough period, was com­ pelled to come home before his successor could reach the’ field, leav­ ing the work in the care of Mr. Heine, who has been most faithful in his service for several years. Dr. Rife was able in this country to meet Mr. and Mrs. Maas, who seem to have been providen­ tially reared for this work. The Marshall Islands, as is well known, are under the German flag, the same as the island of Nauru. It is essential that missionaries carrying on work under the German flag should have a practical knowledge of the German language, and, which is far better if possible, be Germans. Mr. Maas has had wide experience in Germany and in dealing with German officials. He is a graduate of a German gymnasium; later he studied in the Moody Bible School in Chicago, and graduated from the Chicago Theologi­ cal Seminary. He has never taken out his citizenship papers and so is a German citizen. Before starting for the islands he made a thorough study of the history and work there from German docu­ ments and reports. He early put himself into relations with the German officials, and already the Board has heard through the Foreign Office in Berlin of the keen satisfaction they experience in his appointment. The Foreign Office recently sent to the American Board an expression of appreciation over Mr. Maas’ appointment, and requested that another man of similar character and ability Island and Papal Lands be sent to the islands to be associated with him. The reason given for this request was that the apparent combined effort of the Catho­ lics to get possession of the islands should be met by a strong Protes­ tant movement, and the Governor feared that a single family, supported only by Mr. Heine, an associate helper, would not be able to stem the tide. It is possible that Mr. Maas may choose another place for his residence. He goes with the plan and purpose, and under instruc­ tions to work in cooperation with the German officials, who, we have every reason to believe, will be friendly and render any assist­ ance in their power. Kusaie. The work on Kusaie, in the new school building, has been promising. The death of Miss Olin in Australia, under circumstances that appeal to one’s sympathies, has had deep influ­ ence over the school and the work of the entire islands. Arrangements are being made with the German Government to have the American Board property on Kusaie, as well as under the German flag in the other islands, registered in the name of the American Board, which, up to the present time, has not been recog­ nized by Germany as a juridical person. The Governor, being friendly, has made a suggestion to this effect, which is now under process from the Boston office. When the proper documents have been filed in Berlin, then, in all parts of the world under the German flag, the American Board can hold in its own name whatever prop­ erty it acquires for its missionary work. The school in Kusaie has had a prosperous year, although suffer­ ing for want of proper transportation facilities to carry pupils back and forth from the Marshall and Gilbert Islands. It is probable that when the school is opened at Beru, all the girls from the Gilbert Islands will receive the principal part of their education there, although undoubtedly, in the future, the school at Kusaie will be the finishing school for both Gilbert and Marshall Islands girls.

Philippine Islands Our work in the Philippine .Islands has been confined, as hereto­ fore, to the island of Mindanao. This field was set apart for the American Board by the missionary boards working in different islands of the group, and the understanding then arrived at has been sacredly observed by all the other societies, in spite of the fact that we have not occupied the island as it was expected we would do 184 Island and Papal Lands

since to the present time we hold only one station, namely, that at Davao. The Prudential Committee have adopted a policy which looks to the establishment of two other stations, one at Surigao and another at Cagayan, which are strategic points of approach to the whole interior of that largest island of the whole Philippine group. We have been able as yet to provide a working force consisting of only one ordained man, one physician, with their wives, and a trained nurse, which is a scant equipment for a single station. It has not seemed wise to divide this small unit and endeavor to hold

Ferry at Surigao another station, without reinforcements. A call has gone out for reenforcements in order that one other station may be occupied as the next step toward the more complete occupancy of the island. The strategic plan for occupancy contemplates, as above indicated, the manning of three stations, and then the planting of a chain, or series of chains of outstations, in each of which a native Christian teacher and preacher shall be placed, each chain pushing towards the at present unapproachable interior of the island. The wild tribes of the remoter districts must be approached gradually, their fears allayed, their confidence secured, before we shall be able to preach to them the Gospel or to teach their children. Experience has proven that this can be done best through the school and the Island and Papal Lands 185 teacher, who, by taking up his residence in the village, proves his friendliness and commands their confidence. It is perfectly evident that this method of approach will open up in due time, and that at no remote future, the entire interior of the island. A petition has been received by the American Board from Cagayan urging the American Board to establish a station there with an ordained missionary and a physician. Mr. Black recently made a tour through that part of the field, and found the people ready to receive, welcome and support a strong, aggressive missionary work in that centre. Seldom has the American Board faced a position in which there was a greater need of missionary advance and where a more open door was waiting than the situation as it now confronts our mission in Mindanao. In Davao excellent progress has been made during the year. A fine church building has been erected which amply accommodates the Sabbath congregation and provides also for the near future. This building was erected by the Sunday School scholars of America and is a worthy monument of their interest and devotion. A steam launch has been provided for the use of both Dr. Sibley and Mr. Black, thus enabling them to touch more widely the coast towns which can be reached only by water. This launch was fur­ nished by a friend of the work in New York, who is ready to provide funds for the erection of a hospital as soon as Dr. Sibley is ready to undertake that work. In the meantime, an ample dispensary has been put up in Davao which meets present requirements. Dr. Sibley will soon take his furlough, when he will look into the sub­ ject of hospitals for tropical countries and thus will be better able to put up the building which the situation demands. The success of the work thus far, in this wild and savage, and formerly almost unapproachable island, has been beyond the original anticipation. The missionaries have met with a reception that they had no right to expect, and the wild and untamed tribes of the interior are more approachable in the method above indicated than was anticipated. There is no region under the American flag that is so filled with savagery, ignorance and superstition as this island, and we of the American Board hold the key to its Christian­ ization. It should be stated here that the civil and military officers of the United States Government located there have shown them­ selves to be friendly, helpful and appreciative of the work which our missionaries are doing. i86 Island and Papal Lands

THE ISLAND INSTITUTIONS

B o a r d in g a n d T r a in in g S c h o o l, K u s a i e .— Founded 1886. It prepares for teachers’ and pastors’ wives in the Marshall and Gilbert Islands. The student roll includes 41 girls and n boys. Some of these come from islands 1,200 miles away. Three languages are used in the instruction. Practical training in house­ work and gardening.

T h e B in g h a m I n s t it u t e , Oc e a n I s l a n d , G i l b e r t G r o u p .— Trains for teachers and evangelists in the Gilberts. Lower grades for the younger pupils. Thirty- six young men are preparing for the ministry. Printing, book-binding and car­ pentry are taught in the course. A brass band is a source of pride to the school.

B o a r d in g S ch o o l, A p a ia n g , G il b e r t I s l a n d s .— The pupils number 24 girls and some boys. A t last reports, Mr. and Mrs. Woodward had been but a few months on the field, and were reorganizing the school.

B o a r d in g S ch o o l, M e ju r o , M a r s h a l l I s l a n d s .— Fifteen boys and 10 girls under instruction.

PHILIPPINE ISLANDS

K indergarten , D a v a o .— Mrs. Black is doing an interesting and valuable work for the children of the town. Sixteen pupils in attendance.

S t a t io n S c h o o ls, D a v a o . Five schools with 200 pupils are maintained in Davao and on the plantations. Instruction mainly in the primary branches.

M iss io n H o s p it a l , D a v a o .— The staff consists of 1 American physician and 1 American nurse. The patients in the hospital were 395 and the treatments in the dispensary, 5,248. Major operations, 5; minor operations unaccounted; 13 deaths. Five nationalities and 9 tribes from 30 villages were represented among the patients.

PAPAL LANDS

MISSION TO MEXICO

G u a d a l a ja r a (1882).—John Howland, D.D., ordained: Principal of Colegio Internacional; editor of E l Testigo; in charge of general work of field. Mrs. Sara B. Howland: General woman’s work. Louis B. Fritts: Language study; educa­ tional work. Mrs. Mary I. G. Fritts: Language study. Miss Alice Gleason: Principal of Instituto Corona, the boarding school for girls. Miss Lora F . Smith: Teacher in Instituto Corona.

C h ih u a h u a (1882).— James D. Eaton, D.D., ordained: Secretary of the Mission and in charge of the general work of the field. Mrs. Gertrude C. Eaton: General woman’s work. Miss Helen A. Meserve: Principal of Colegio Chihuahuense.

Pa r r a l (1884).— Alfred C. Wright, ordained: In charge of general work of the field; treasurer of the mission. Mrs. Annie O. Wright: General work for women. Miss Ellen O. Prescott: Principal of E l Progreso, a day school for boys and girls. Miss M ary B. Dunning: Teaching in El Progreso. Island and Papal Lairds 187

H e r m o sil l o (1886).— Horace T . Wagner, ordained: In charge of general work. Mrs. Della McC. Wagner: General women’s work. Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— .Mrs. Mary J. Blachly: teaching in Colegio Chihauhuense. Rev. and Mrs. Alden B. Case, San Buena­ ventura, Chihuahua. Mr. and Mrs. Wright and Miss Dunning have returned to the mission after completing their furlough in the United States. Miss Long has resigned from the work after fifteen years of service. All the other members of the mission who left their stations on account of political disturbances have returned to their work. Prof. and Mrs. Louis B. Fritts recently appointed have joined the mission to be associated in the work at Guadalajara. Another new appointee, Mr. Watson W’ordsworth, will probably join the mission sometime during the next year.

MISSION TO SPAIN

B a r c e l o n a .— Miss Anna F. Webb: Principal of the Normal and Preparatory School for Spanish girls. Miss M ay Morrison: Teacher in Girls’ School. On furlough.— William H. Gulick, ordained. Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— Miss Bertha D. Howland: Miss Elsie-Brown; Miss Louise B. Hoyle; Miss Edith Blair; Miss Blanche L. Kelley; Miss Eva Gay; Miss Margarita Wright. Mr. Gulick came home during the year on furlough. Miss Page was obliged to come home on account of ill health and died Ju ly 4th. Miss Margarita Wright has joined the mission under a three-year-term appointment.

MISSION TO AUSTRIA PRAGUE.—-Albert W. Clark, D.D., ordained: General work. Mrs. Ruth E. Clark. John S. Porter, ordained: General work. Mrs. Lizzie L. Porter. Mr. and Mrs. Porter returned to the mission in the spring after a prolonged furlough.

MISSIONS IN PAPAL LANDS The work of the American Board in Papal Lands, so called, has, as is well known, for its primary object not the separating of a Protestant body and the organization of an antagonistic Protestant church; its real aim and purpose is to make vital the religion of Jesus Christ in the lives of the people of those countries, and reveal itself in the life of society and in the state. It has proved to be inevitable that this work shall result in the organization of an independent, separate, Protestant church. At the same time, the strength of the work in those countries is not measured by the number of those who have separated themselves from the mother church and have declared themselves to be Protestants, but we measure its strength—and in this strength we glory—by the changed attitude of the people of the country toward the printed Word, by Island and Papal Lands the desire of the people to hear the Gospel explained and to learn the true meaning of the teaching of Christ, and by the evidence given on many sides of the change of heart and of life of multitudes who are thus brought into vital relations with the new teaching. During the nearly forty years since the Board began work in these countries, a marked and fundamental change has come in the countries themselves. We are referring not only to the change with reference to religion, the recognition of the right of private judgment and of the individual to worship God according to the dictates of his conscience, but also to the marked changes in the general sentiment of the people towards unrighteousness in every form. This result appears not only in the lives of many individuals and in a large number of homes, but it appears in the changed social life of the people, in their attitude towards social unrighteousness and in their desire for education of their children and their effort to live higher, purer lives. Madero in Mexico, soon after his election to the presidency of that republic, gave public utterance to his confidence in the Word of God and to the value of that Word to the people of Mexico. The general sentiment in Spain, as represented in the republican move­ ment, is in the interests of those very principles for which Pro­ testantism has stood from the beginning. It is a part of that same sentiment which in Portugal threw off the old order and turned that little kingdom into a republic. It represents the demands of the people for liberty of thought and freedom of judgment, without the domination of a State Church. In Austria the same movement is noted, although with an entirely different relation to the State Church organization. In all these countries, movements for general national and social reform can be traced directly to the Protestant idea introduced forty years ago by the missionaries but now woven into the very thought and life of the people themselves. The general political situation in these three countries has been uneventful, with the exception of Mexico. There have been periods during the year when Spain was threatened with disruption because of the prevalence of a large number of restless leaders within the country who were eager to follow the example of their near neighbor, Portugal. There is today, and probably will be until some change is wrought, a restlessness under the domination of the Church, whose power is great and whose use of the power often seems to be unreasonable. In Mexico, soon after Madero assumed power, a spirit of rest- Island and Papal Lands 189

lessness began to extend through different parts of the country, but more especially in the state of Chihuahua. Revolutionary bodies were formed, and a spirit of lawlessness prevailed to such an extent that our missionaries at Chihuahua and Parral, under the advice of the United States Consul, were compelled to withdraw to El Paso over the border. Dr. and Mrs. Howland and Aliss Smith remained at Guadalajara, in spite of the fact that nearly all the Americans fled in fright to the States. Order has been in a large measure restored, but there is a kind of guerilla warfare which has very much

Church and Mission Residence, Chihuahua

the appearance of brigandage carried on along the northern border, while a general restlessness pervades the entire country. The difficulties of the situation were greatly intensified by repeated, destructive earthquakes that shook the city of Guadalajara and vicinity for two months or more, destroying many buildings and causing no inconsiderable loss of life. The mission property was not seriously injured. In spite of these disturbances, the work has gone on, under native leadership, where the missionaries were compelled to withdraw, although under difficulties. Schools are opening this autumn with a reduced number of pupils, and the entire country is still in a state of much unrest. 190 Island and Papal Lands

Preliminary preparations were made for putting up a new girls' school building at Chihuahua, but all these were suspended and must so remain until order is once more restored. The schools in Guadalajara have continued with the usual number of pupils and with an increasing enthusiasm. The evangelistic work throughout the entire field has gone on in the ordinary way. This has been hampered by the disturbed condition of the country, creating higher prices and intensifying the ordinary poverty of the people. When a country is in a state of upheaval, is never a favor­ able time for the pressing of evangelistic work. In Austria there has been a marked advance in the temperance sentiment, both within and without the Protestant church. One interesting feature of this work is that several young women con­ nected with our churches in Bohemia have come over to the United States to train to be Bible readers and deaconesses in Bohemian churches in this country, thus linking in close, vital relations the foreign missionary work abroad and the city and home missionary work here in our own country. The evangelistic work in that field looks to the Prague church as the mother church. The pastor of this church is Mr. Adlof, who while serving the church in this capacity, is also engaged in much literary work in the line of preparing Sunday School lesson notes, etc. This mission with its 28 churches and more than twice that num­ ber of places where regular preaching is maintained, is an exten­ sive field to be cared for by two ordained missionaries. It would be impossible for them to do this except as they are supported by a strong body of native pastors, preachers and leaders. One of the principal features of work in Bohemia is that connected with the distribution of the Bible. During the year under consideration over 128,000 copies of the Bible, Testaments and Gospels have been dis­ tributed, all but 20,000 copies of which were purchased. One would not dare to attempt to limit the influence of this printed Word of God scattered in the language of the people throughout that great country. The people who purchased these can be depended upon to read them. The work over in Russia, carried on from this mission centre, is in some respects easier than that within the Austrian empire. The Russian Government is not opposed to the distribution of the Bible in the Russian language; in fact, it renders assistance to colporters in many different ways. Island and Papal Lands 191

The work in Spain has had in many respects an uneventful year. An adjustment of the properties in Spain has been made so that the premises at Bilbao, as well as at Santander and Pradejon, are to be held by the American Board rather than by Mr. Gulick as an indi­ vidual. Mr. Gulick, for the first time in twenty-one years, has taken a furlough in the United States. The Normal and Preparatory School for Spanish Girls at Barce­ lona has had a year of unusual prosperity and encouragement. There can be no doubt in the mind of any one as to the wisdom of moving this school to Barcelona, the most progressive and flourish­ ing city in Spain. Treasurer Wiggin visited the school during the year and gives a most enthusiastic report of it. If there are any who question the importance of the work in Spain, the following statement by a leading Spaniard on this sub­ ject cannot but carry great weight. “The mass of wage-earners in the large Spanish cities, more influenced by modern life, abandon the faith, as the choice spirits of the intellectual classes have done long since, and so religion loses the two elements which might renew and revivify it; the arm which toils and the mind which thinks.” “Here in Spain, alongside of a fanatical minority, eighty citizens out of a hundred have practically broken with all religion. It is true that many of them continue to have their children baptized in the official church and are married and buried with the usual rites. Y et their hearts no longer belong to any religious communion. A considerable proportion are inclined to unbelief, although this is not powerful enough to quench in their interior life the last splendors of the Christian ideal.” Professor Miguel de Unamuno says: “ It is not the purely philan­ thropic or purely educational aspect of your work which attracts and interests me. It is above all its religious phase. I do not believe in the efficacy of .either a secular charity or an agnostic education. I have a profound conviction that modern peoples can not live a life worthy of the name outside of the Christian faith.” “The people of Spanish origin, sad to say, need to be re-Chris- tianized. The spiritual flower of Christian faith is, with them, stifled under a cruel weight of ideas and practices purely pagan. The people must be taught to shape their ideals for themselves by reading the Gospels.” We are in Spain, as in other Catholic countries, to introduce into the thought and into the life of the people a germ of pure 192 Island and Papal Lands

Christianity which shall produce a continual reformation. We are seeking for nothing less than a real reformation of the religious life of these countries and the creation of an atmosphere more wholesome and of a piety more fundamental, and of a spirit more like that of Jesus Christ and at the same time more tolerant of the belief of others. We are seeking for the reality in the place of an appearance, for life in the place of a dead faith. A year ago we were in conference with the Methodist Board with reference to passing over the work in Spain to that missionary society. Owing to financial reasons the Methodist Board has been unable to take over the work. Therefore we are planning to carry it on, with reenforcement, and the Committee has authorized the finding of another family at once to take up the work with Mr. Gulick.

Institutions in Papal Lands

MEXICO

(The reports from the educational work are not as full as usual owing to the revolution which prevailed throughout the country.)

C o le g io I nternacional , G u a d a l a ja r a .— A training school for young men in theological, academic and commercial branches. Teaching staff of 2 mission­ aries and 5 Mexicans. Enrollment of 98 pupils, 5 of them studying for the ministry. Five graduates last May; I to return for the normal course, 3 have entered business and I is teaching. The new chapel was completed and dedi­ cated at the last commencement. Thè shops have been enlarged, increasing facilities for carpentry and shoemaking.

I n st it u t o C o r o n a , G u a d a l a ja r a .— A boarding and day school for girls, hav- ing 9 grades and a kindergarten. Enrollment of 80 pupils.

C o l e g io C hihuahuense , C h ih u a h u a .— A boarding and normal school for girls. Nine grades besides the kindergarten and normal course of 3 years. The family circle included 26 boarders. Total enrollment, 147. In the lower grades there were 57 boys who were day pupils. Three missionaries and 6 Mexican teachers compose the staff. In March the school was dismissed and 12 pupils were taken to El Paso. Funds are secured for a new building, but its erection waits for more peaceful times.

E s c u e l a E l P r o g r eso , P a r r a l .— A day school for boys and girls having 6 grades and a kindergarten. While in session, the attendance was 93 boys and 80 girls.

T h e P r e s s — E l Testigo, G u a d a l a ja r a .— Since 1884 this weekly family Chris­ tian paper has wielded a strong influence among the evangelicals. Its circulation during the revolution has been much reduced because of interrupted postal facilities. Island and Papal Lands 193

A gricultural E x p e r im e n t S t a t io n , S a n B uenaventura , C h ih u a h u a .— A farm and a center of a strong evangelical work. Supported from sources outside the mission.

SPAIN

N o r m al a n d P r e p a r a t o r y S chool fo r S p a n ish G i r l s , B a r c e l o n a . A permanent location has been secured in a suburb of Barcelona. Five buildings are occupied by the ‘pupils, who number 78. The school is winning the public good­ will. A contract is let for the construction of a more convenient plant.

T h e P r e s s : The Esfuerzo Cristiano, the organ of the Christian Endeavor Societies, has been owned and edited by the mission for 20 years. It is a monthly illustrated magazine, published in Madrid. It is tie most helpful influence in Spain toward fraternal relations among all evangelicals.

13 194 Island and Papal Lands

MISSIONS IN THE ISLAND AND PAPAL LANDS

Table of Statistics for the Year 1911

M icro­ Philip­ M exico Spain Austria Total nesia* pines*

Pop. of field...... 33,122 65,000 472,100 1,399,100 1,212,000 3,181,322 Number of stations...... 5 I 4 II 12 Outstations ...... 38 6 52 15 62 173

Missionaries, total...... 11 4 15 3 4 37 Ordained...... 4 i 4 i 2 12 Physicians and others . — II — — 2 W ives...... 4 2 5 — 2 13 Single women...... 3 — 5 2 — 10 Special service. . .. 3 I 3 7 — H

Native Laborers, total.... IOI 7 24 28 31 191 Ordained preachers. . . 19 i 2 3 18 43 Unordained preachers 41 i 3 5 8 58 Teachers...... 28 5 16 18 — 67 Bible-women...... — — — — 2 2 Other helpers...... 13 — 3 2 3 21

Congregations...... 150 3 24 13 28 218 Organized churches. . . 36 i 14 8 28 87 Communicants ...... 5,126 70 1,156 247 2,063 8,662 Added, 19 11 ...... 554 — 36 44 148 782 Adherents...... 2,000 290 2,261 3,120 6,400 14,071 Sunday Schools...... 52 3 20 10 46 131 S. S. membership...... 1,840 135 901 590 776 —

Schools, total...... 53 6 7 15 — 81 Students in theology.. 36 — 5 —— 41 Boarding and high schs. 3 — 3 i — 7 Students...... ;.... 125 — 320 78 — 523 Other schools...... 49 6 3 14 — 72 Students...... — 216 325 813 — 1,354 Total students...... 2,500 216 650 891 — 4,257

Hospital, dispensaries . . . — 1 — — — I Treatments...... 1,000 5,248 — —— 6,248

Native contributions...... $ 6,435 #10,779 $1,916 $7,807 $ 26,937

♦Partly for 1910. TABULAR VIEW OF THE MISSIONS OF THE A. B. C. F. M. FOR THE YEAR 1911-1912.

M issionaries . N a t iv e L a b o r e r s . C h u rch S t a t is t ic s. E d u catio nal S t a t is t ic s .

M issions. iâci S-J 3 . ~o -ë Unordained preachers. Teachers.

South Africa: Zulu Branch.. 1 8 3 5 1 8 1 2 1 5 4 2 2 7 3 5 7 0 1 6 . 9 5 0 3 , 1 2 2 Rhodesian B r. 1 8 9 3 6 8 2 10 2 6 4 0 0 2 5 0 2 4 6 6 5 8 7 3 5 W. Cent. Africa. 1 8 8 0 4 9 1 3 9 3 3 5 2 2 0 5 1 1 , 5 0 0 3 , 0 0 0 4 0 4 , 4 6 5 4 , 4 6 5 4 1 7

Europ’n Turkey 1 8 5 9 1 6 5 7 1 7 6 1 1 , 0 4 0 1 2 6 4 , 3 4 0 2 , 8 3 9 4 ! 1 8 9 ! 2 5 6 1 8 4 3 9 1 7 8 8 6 , 4 1 8 Western Turkey 1 8 1 9 3 2 3 3 6 4 1 1 2 4 4 , 3 8 4 1 7 5 1 6 , 1 3 1 1 0 , 2 2 4 5 i 2 ; 6 0 0 : 1 , 7 3 7 1 3 8 ( 1 , 5 9 2 ! 9 , 0 5 6 8 5 , 7 3 6 Central Turkey 1 8 4 7 2 7 2 4 2 5 9 6 2 6 , 8 3 8 2 6 1 2 1 , 3 1 2 1 3 , 8 4 2 10 ! 3' 433 1 , 3 7 2 1 1 4 ; 5 , 0 5 l j 7 , 4 7 8 4 7 , 1 5 6 Eastern Turkey. 1 8 3 6 3 6 1 9 0 3 7 8 2 ; 2 , 7 1 9 1 5 5 1 1 , 9 9 0 6 , 3 9 4 1 2 1 9 9 5 1 , 3 1 1 5 7 ; 1 , 5 6 2 ! 7 , 5 8 9 1 6 , 3 3 5

M arath i...... 1 8 1 3 4 8 3 5 5 7 5 i 5 2 3 1 7 8 7 , 3 4 0 4 1 6 5 , 8 7 6 8 , 7 8 4 2 , 2 1 7 1 5 5 1 4,616! 6,833 5,236 M ad u ra...... 1 8 3 4 ! 1 0 1 5 7 4 5 7 1 3 4 ! 7 7 4 4 0 6 7 , 3 9 8 6 0 9 2 3 , 3 3 6 9 , 4 1 0 2 , 0 0 4 252 10.251! 12,372 18,561 C eylon ...... 1 8 1 6 1 7 3 8 7 7 8 ! 4 9 4 4 8 2 , 1 0 6 1 0 3 1 , 1 8 4 4 , 1 6 3 1 5 7 4 1 3 1 2 6 10,733! 11,305. 1 4 , 7 8 2

Foochow ...... 1 8 4 7 1 7 1 2 6 9 1 7 7 2 , 0 3 6 2 6 4 2 , 7 0 5 5 5 2 , 5 2 8 7 0 3 5 4 2 9 1 , 0 1 7 ' 2 , 7 0 5 1 3 , 0 8 4 South China8. .. 1 8 8 3 3 2 4 5 4 0 5 , 0 0 0 : 1 2 4 5 . 0 0 0 4 3 0 0 7 8 IS, 5 8 1 6 5 9 1 , 5 0 0 North China___ 1 8 5 4 2 2 21 5 6 8 4 4 , 1 9 3 ! 2 0 9 4 , 3 1 6 1 8 9 5 9 j 0 7 6 4 8 4 9 8 J 8 1 , 6 2 9 2 , 8 2 4 Sh ansi...... 1 8 8 2 5 c 1 5 4 2 2 6 2 | 5 2 . 9 5 0 1 3 j 6 9 3 3 1 9 1 0 2 9 0 6 3 1 1 , 2 9 7

Ja p a n ...... 1 8 6 9 5 5 | 2 0 2 5 1 9 6 6 = 2 2 1 5 1 17,8 16 ^ i 1,222^ 2 5 , 0 0 0 7 1 1 0 , 6 1 5 ® 2 j 1 , 0 0 7 6 2 3 1 5 5 6 0 2 , 2 4 9 ’ 5 4 , 0 8 2 ...... I Philippines...... 1 9 0 3 6 2 1 5 7 0 ! 7 3 0 0 3 ! 1 3 5 6 ' 2 1 1 2 0 9 M icronesia8 .... 1 8 5 2 4 1 2 8 5 , 1 2 6 1 5 5 4 2.000 5 2 ! 1 , 8 4 0 4 9 1 2 , 4 3 5 6 , 4 3 5 38| 1 3 1 0 1 j M e x ic o ...... 1 8 7 2 5 2 l 1 5 2 3 1 6 2 4 ! 1 4 1 . 1 5 6 Ì 3 6 2,261 20 j 901 O 3 2 5 6 5 0 1 0 , 7 7 9 S p ain ...... 1 8 7 2 15! 3 ! 3 5 I S 1 3 1 8 2 4 7 ! 4 4 3,120 10! 590 8 1 3 8 9 1 1 , 9 1 6 A u stria...... 1 8 7 2 6 2 | 4 ! 1 8 8 9 0 ! 2 8 2 . 0 6 3 ! 1 4 8 6 , 4 0 0 4 6 1 7 7 6 7 , 8 0 7

T o ta ls...... 103; 1,356! 175, 45 2021 195 617 321 ¡715 I 2,697! 1,296' 5,036i 1,847 621 77.619! 5,258 j 167.071 1,270; 81,365 j 14 199 18! 3,533' 115112,4 16 1,171; 53,557! 77,143! $308,692

1 K um i-ai. 2 Of whom 3 6 are Kupii-ai. 3 Of which 1 0 2 are Kumi-ai. 1 Of whom 1 6 , 4 3 9 are Kumi-ai. s Of whom 1 , 0 0 1 are Kumi-ai. * Of whom 7 , 3 7 6 are Kumi-ai. 1 $ 5 1 , 3 9 2 K um i-ai. * L a st year’s report. Report of the Treasurer

For the Year Ending August 31, 1912 The Board has once more come to its annual meeting free from deficit, and it has done so the past year notwithstanding business uncertainties and the high cost of living at home and abroad. As some one has written the Treasury Department recently, “The friends of the Board are a great host.” Their continued loyalty is cause for gratitude and rejoicing.

Maintenance of the Work In making up the annual budget for the year, an increase of $10,000 was made in the appropriation for general work in the missions, an advance of $16,250 over the appropriation of two years ago. Some increases were made in the salaries of missionaries in West Central Africa, Constantinople, Erzroom and South China. The increase made in the allowances of missionaries on furlough in America applied for the full twelve months as against six months of the previous year. The appropriations from the general treasury for new missionary residences were $9,340. In addition, $2,540 was appropriated for new equipment and support of Talas Hospital. Other urgent needs for which the Board could not provide from its general treasury were met from gifts specially designated for such use. These included $2,000 for a school building at Van, Eastern Turkey; $4,400 for land for the Girls’ Boarding School in Monastir, European Turkey; $10,000 for the removal of Pang- chwang station; $10,000 for the enlargement of the premises of Foochow College; $12,314 for church buildings and a new hall in Austria. The annual budgets of the Woman’s Boards did not materially differ from those of the preceding year. Among the additional appropriations made by the Woman’s Board, Boston, was $15,876.50 for land and buildings for girls’ schools in Turkey, and $1,430 for a ladies’ residence in the Foochow Mission. The Woman’s Board of the Interior appropriated $3,976 for a woman’s hospital and a girls’ school building in China. The responsibility assumed by the Canada Congregational Foreign Missionary Society has been 196 Report of the Treasurer 197 increased by the appointment of three new missionaries for Chi- samba station, West Central Africa, the cost of this station having been borne by that society and the Woman’s Board of Canada for many years. Not included elsewhere in this report are further sums which have been received for the acquisition of the three following proper­ ties. The International College, Smyrna, occupying buildings in the heart of the city which had been completely outgrown, has acquired a very valuable new site, and new and much more ade­ quate buildings are rapidly approaching completion. This much desired acquisition has been made possible by the receipt of $140,500, during the last two years from New York friends. A fine stone hospital building is being erected at Marsovan, Turkey, to cost about $50,000, of which about one-fifth is the legacy of an English lady and a large portion of the balance comes from the earnings of the medical work. In November, 1911, $30,000 was received from Mrs. D. Willis Jam es for the new science building of Madura College, India, and $10,000 was received from a friend for the endowment of Pasumalai Seminary. The amount due the American Board, August 31, for advances made to the missions in anticipation of settlement at the end of the fiscal years of the respective Boards was as follows: the W oman’s Board of the Interior, $37,571-47; the Woman’s Board of the Pacific, $6,363.28; and the Canada Congregational Foreign Mis­ sionary Society, $3,306.91. The total amount due from these cooperating societies was $47,241.66, or $10,237.13 more than was due a year ago. With the exception of the Woman’s Board of the Pacific, the fiscal year of each cooperating society differs from that of the American Board, which accounts in part for the debit balances of these societies. The cost of the twenty missions was $979>27I-38, an increase of $45,439.24. The changes in the cost of the missions as compared with a year ago are largely due to the special grants for buildings. The total current expenditures of the Board for the year were $1,062,088.50. The administrative expenses, including agencies and publica­ tions, were less than a year ago, and were only seven and eighty- eight one-hundredths per cent. 198 Report of the Treasurer

Receipts The receipts of the Board were as follows: Gifts from churches and individuals...... $332,099.47 Matured Conditional gifts...... 40,766.00 Income from General Permanent Fund ...... 22,064.99 Income from D. Willis James Foundation and Higher Educational Work Endowment...... 54,056.18 Income from miscellaneous funds...... 27,671.52 Woman’s Boards...... 284,801.69 Sunday schools and Christian Endeavor Societies. . 12,681.03 Receipts for special objects...... 117,689.04 Legacies...... 128,955.10 From estate of Solomon H. Chandler, for use as specified in the will...... 25,000.00 From estate of Sarah R. Sage, for use as specified in the will...... 5,000.00

Total cash receipts...... $1,050,785.02 Amount due from cooperating societies in excess of previous year...... 10,237.13 Balance at credit of the A. B. C. F. M., September 1, 1 9 1 1 ...... 1,420.83

T o ta l...... $1,062,442.98 The excess of this total over expenditures is $354.48, the balance at the credit of the Board for the beginning of the new year. The conspicuous fact in the analysis of the receipts is the de­ crease in gifts from churches and individuals—a decrease of $17,- 959.24 in contributions from churches and $29,026.49 in gifts from individuals, in all $46,985.73. As compared with two years ago the decrease is only $9,604.17. It should be stated that last year the receipts from these two sources included some centennial gifts. This year the loss in gifts from the churches occurred during the last four months of the fiscal year, and most of it in August. The decrease in receipts from Sunday schools and Christian Endeavor Societies was $2,735.06, about $1,000 less than the gain reported a year ago. These losses were more than made up by the increase in matured Conditional Gifts and Legacies. Report of the Treasurer 199

Legacies The wisdom of the plan of averaging the legacy receipts by means of the Twentieth Century Fund has again been demon­ strated. The fund, September 1, 1911, was...... $233,311.79 In December, 1911, a bequest to the Twentieth Cen­ tury Fund was received from the estate of Joshua W. Davis, late of Newton, Mass., of...... 3,000.00 The income during the year was...... 9,477.66 The cash receipts from estates, not including the Chandler and Sage bequests, were...... 141,075.85

T o ta l...... $386,865.30 One third of this sum was available for use as legacies, or $128,- 955.10. The Twentieth Century Fund, which a year ago was de­ pleted about $40,000, has been more than restored to its original size and is now $257,910.20, an increase this year of $24,598.41.

Conditional Gifts The record of Conditional Gifts for the year is remarkable, not only in the amount of maturing gifts, but also1 in the number and size of new gifts received. Last year only $8,691.22 of matured gifts was available for current expenses, as compared with $40,766 this year. A statement of the amount of Conditional Gifts held by the Board for each year since 1898 and the matured gifts avail­ able for current work is as follows: Year Amount of Fund Amount of Gifts Matured 1898 $119,626.45 $5,000.00 1899 160,345.00 7,500.00 1900 193,670.00 20,500.00 1901 301,895.51 27,275.00 1902 370,671.51 5,100.00 1903 390,857-57 16,132.94 1904 462,283.57 200.00 1905 491,713.57 5,300.00 1996 567,053.41 7,770.16 1907 582,903.41 32,500.00 1908 630,059.18 18,600.00 200 Report of the Treasurer

Year Amount of Fund Amount of Gifts Matured 1909 713,663.78 55,747-00 1910 742,353.85 23,662.27 1911 776,576.07 8,691.22 1912 827,921.99 40,766.00 From this statement it will be readily seen that this year’s amount of matured gifts is above the average. The new gifts during the year were fifty in number and came from forty-two different donors. They amounted to $100,905. As the plan be­ comes more widely known, it is received by the friends of the Board with increasing favor. Many donors to the fund have shown their satisfaction by making gifts again and again. One such donor has repeated her gifts sixteen times. Two others have each made twelve gifts. The officers of the Board have yet to hear an expression of regret from any one who has given in this way. Donors of such gifts not only provide an income for themselves during life, but frequently they make such gifts for the benefit of relatives and friends. The careful investment of the Conditional Gift Fund by the Board’s Finance Committee of five business men of large experience increases the security, while it is of addi­ tional value that the capital is eventually to be invested in the highest type of Christian work.

Relief Funds In times of widespread distress resulting from famine conditions or pestilence, the Board is made the agent for receiving and for­ warding relief funds. This year $9,448.09 has been forwarded to China and $1,026.79 to India, in all $10,474.88 for relief of famine conditions.

New Permanent Funds The permanent funds of the Board were increased by the addi­ tion of the William F. Merrill Memorial Fund of $28,200, con­ tributed by Mrs. Julia A. Merrill, of Brooklyn, N. Y., all the income of which is to be used eventually for the regular current expenses of the Board. Under the will of Sarah R. Sage, Boston, Mass., $46,000 was received, of which $1,000 is a permanent fund, the income to be used for the support of a native helper; $15,000 is another permanent fund, the income to be used for the support of Report of the Treasurer 201 a missionary; and, until exhausted, from the remaining §30,000, principal and interest, the amount of $5,000 may be taken annually for regular work. The Ackley Endowment was received from the estate of A. Lewis Hill, of Chester Springs, Pa., to endow a bed in a hospital in Africa, and $500 from the same source to endow a bed in the Foochow Hospital. The D. Miner Rogers Fund of $428.56 was received from the Christian Endeavor Union of Hartford, Conn., the income of which is to be used for the evangelization of young men in the Central Turkey Mission. The Elizabeth Rich­ ards Wood Memorial Fund of $300 was received from Miss Emily S. Wood, Sycamore, 111., the income to be used for hospital work for children in China. The Burril Fund of $1,000 was established by friends of Rev. C. D. Ussher, M. D.,,of Van, Turkey, the income to be used for medical work under his care. The First Church, St. Louis, Fund of $900 was created by Mr. William K. Bixby, the income to be used for the regular work of the Board. The General Permanent Fund was increased by the receipt of 83,000 from the estate of Samuel White, Haverhill, Mass., $622 from the estate of Mrs. Emily L. Topliff, Springfield, Mass., and $500 from A. Lewis Hill, Chester Springs, Pa. The Medical Fund, for which appeal is still being made, amounts to $9,455. The completion of this fund by raising it to $100,000 is greatly desired. The income is used for sick and disabled mis­ sionaries, and when the fund is completed the income will be no more than sufficient to meet this need.

D. Willis James Foundation and Higher Educational Work Endowment The income of the D. Willis James Foundation and the Higher Educational Work Endowment has provided $24,038.18 for the salaries of missionaries engaged in the Higher Educational Work of the Board. It has also provided $5,000 for constructive work at Amanzimtote Seminary. The balance has been distributed among twenty-one different colleges and seminaries, of which five were women’s colleges. In Conclusion Due to more accurate estimates and to greater stability of income, attributed in part to the variety of its sources and even more to the influence of the Twentieth Century Fund in equalizing 202 Report of the Treasurer legaeies, the Board has been able to avoid extreme fluctuations and to plan its work with more assurance. The growth, if not as rapid as might be desired, has at least been steady. While it is to be regretted that the past year shows some decrease in gifts from churches and individuals, there are many reasons for encouragement. Substantial additions have been made, not only to our permanent funds, but to the property on the mission fields. A large total of gifts has gone into the purchase of land, the erection of buildings, and the improvement of equipment. The property abroad is increasing in value. Much of it, especially in important centers, could not be acquired now at many times its original cost. The quality as well as the volume of our work, the experience of our workers, and the advantage of our equipment have drawn to us many valuable reenforcements. Not appearing in our current account, but none the less carefully tabulated and recorded, are grants in aid from foreign governments, gifts sent direct to the mission fields from England and continental Europe, and receipts of more than $300,000 from native sources. The Twentieth Cen­ tury Fund has been restored, new Conditional Gifts of $100,000 have been received, and, to crown all, our most valuable asset is the number, believed to be larger than ever before, of devoted friends who constantly remember in their prayers and bear upon their hearts the success of the American Board. Pecuniary Accounts 203

PECUNIARY ACCOUNTS

EXPENDITURES OF THE BOARD DURING THE YEAR ENDING AUGUST 31, 1912

COST OF THE MISSIONS

Mission to West Central Africa Remittances, drafts and purchases...... $22,675.43 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country...... 3,513.9 2 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to Africa ...... 6,134 .4 3 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country...... 763-88 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 842.69 J33.930.35

Mission to East Central Africa Remittances, drafts and purchases...... $14,348.26 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country...... 2,345-73 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to A frica...... 2,815.89 Grant for missionary’s child in this country...... 250.00 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 374-52 $20,334-40

Zulu Mission Remittances, drafts and purchases...... S31.292.73 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country...... 6 ,116 .25 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to A frica ...... 2,200.95 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country...... 798.60 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 56 1.79 $40,970.32

European Turkey Mission Remittances, drafts and purchases...... $45,172.00 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country...... 2,784.31 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to Turkey...... 3.076.50 Grants for missionary’s children in this country...... 395-84 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 187.26 $ 5 1,6 15 .9 1

Western Turkey Mission Remittances, drafts and purchases...... $ 9 4 ,5 7 3 -8 9 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country...... 1 5 .4 3 7 -2 5 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to Turkey...... 7,317.4 4 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country...... 2,140.79 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 1,12 3 .5 8 $120,592.95

Central Turkey Mission Remittances, drafts and purchases...... $40,787.82 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country...... 3,628.20 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to T u rk ey...... 5,681.06 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country...... 1,12 9 .18 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 1,310.89 S 52 ,5 3 7 .1 5

Eastern Turkey Mission Remittances, drafts and purchases t ...... 5 5 0 .8 6 3 -9 7 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country...... 6,689.10 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to Turkey...... 3,072.72 Grant for missionaries' child in this country...... 250.00 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 74 9 -0 5 $6 1,624.84 204 Report of the Treasurer

Marathi Mission Remittances, drafts and purchases...... $74,669.17 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country...... 4 .7 7 7 -9 7 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to India...... 3 ,18 7 .2 4 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country...... 1,774 .30 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 842.68 $8 5 ,2 5 1.3 6

Madura Mission Remittances, drafts and purchases...... $72,643.54 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country...... 4,186.85 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to India...... 4,486.41 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country...... 1,18 8 .37 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 1,029.95 58 3,53 5.12

Ceylon Mission Remittances, drafts and purchases...... $18,200.31 Expenses of missionaries in this country...... 897.65 Outfit and traveling expenses of missionaries to Ceylon ...... ¿5 5.6 7 Grants for missionary’s child in this country...... 250.00 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 655.42 $20,159.05

South China Mission Remittances and purchases...... $8 ,3 5 3 .5 3 Outfits and traveling expenses of missionaries to China...... 660.69 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country...... 2,020.47 $ 11,0 34 .6 9

Foochow Mission Remittances, drafts and purchases...... $56,369.00 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country...... 4.534.30 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to China...... 2,968.22 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country...... 750.00 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 655.42 $65,276.94

North China Mission Remittances, drafts and purchases...... $83,443.08 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country...... 10 ,13 0 .7 1 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to China...... 5,532 .3 3 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country...... 1,107.00 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 187.26 $100,400.38

Shansi Mission Remittances, drafts and purchases...... $22,471.90 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to China...... 2,715.0 0 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country...... 3,8 74 .73 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country...... 35 4 .16 $ 2 9 ,4 1 5 -7 9

Japan Mission Remittances, drafts and purchases...... $93,712.18 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country...... 6,020.37 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to Japan ...... 4 ,34 1.36 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country...... 1 , 7 7 5 -1 3 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 280.89 $106,129.93

Mission to Mexico Remittances, drafts and purchases...... $20,061.27 Expenses of missionaries in this country...... 2,129 .35 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to M exico ...... 4 0 7.13 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country...... 808.60 $23,40 6.35 Pecuniary Accounts 205

Micronesian Mission Drafts and purchases...... 512,345.60 Outfits and traveling expenses of missionaries...... 4 ,6 31.28 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country...... 1,879.80 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country...... 982.50 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 374.53 $2 0 , 2 13 .7 1 Mission to Spain Remittances, purchases and fonvarding supplies...... $21,485.42 Expenses of missionary in this country...... 266.48 Traveling expenses of missionaries to Spain ...... 5 13.76 $22,26 5.66

Mission to Austria Remittances and forwarding supplies...... S21,697.44 Refit and traveling expenses of missionaries to A u stria...... 567.50 Grants for missionaries' children in this country...... 125.00 Expenses of missionaries in this country...... 735.0 1 $ 2 3 ,12 4 .9 5

Work in the Philippines

Remittances and forwarding supplies...... $ 7 . 4 5 1 . 5 3 Total cost of missions...... $ 9 7 9 ,2 7 1 .3 8

COST OF COMMUNICATING INFORMATION

1. Agencies Salary of Rev. W. L. Beard...... $3,500.00 Traveling expenses of Rev. W. L. Beard...... 467.82 Salary of Rev. A. N. Hitchcock...... 3,500.00 Traveling expenses of Rev. A. N. Hitchcock...... 202.00 Salary of Rev. H. Melville Tenney...... 2,200.00 Traveling expenses of Rev. H. M. Tenney...... 112 .3 0 Circulars, tracts, advertising, clerk hire, rent and stationery...... 9.268.55 Traveling expenses of returned missionaries and others in this depart­ ment ...... 2,603.21 Services of Rev. W. E. Strong in this department...... 881.27 Expenses, Foreign Mission Boards' Conference...... 103.20 Postage in this department, including District offices...... 1,679.66 Apportionment Committee expenses...... 1 ,5 9 7 .3 4 $ 2 6 ,11 5 -3 5 2. Young People's Department Salary of Secretary...... $2,600.00 Clerk h ire...... 2,338.99 Circulars, tracts, stationery and postage...... 9 5 0 .7 7 Less receipts from sales...... 10.05 940.72 $ 5 ,8 79-71 3. Publications Cost of Missionary Herald, including salaries of editor and general agent and copies sent gratuitously, according to the rule of the Board, to pastors, honorary members and donors.... $ 12,242.99 Deduct amount received from subscriptions . . . $2,376.32 for advertising in Missionary Herald.... 1,018.55 income from Missionary Herald Fund .. 126.65 3.521.52 8,721.47 Annual report...... 995-21 Almanacs, $922.47, less $531.67 received from sales...... 390.80 Mission Dayspring...... 6 i 5 - i 5 Clerk h ire...... ^ o - 00 Pamphlets, tracts and miscellaneous printing...... 2,622.56 Less amounts received from sale of literature...... 533-82 2,088.74 $12,961.37

COST OF ADMINISTRATION

1. Foreign and Home Departments Salaries of Secretaries...... $10,822.59 Clerk hire...... 6,595.60 $17,418.19 Amount carried forward ...... $1,041,646.00 206 Report of the Treasurer

Amount brought forw ard...... 51,041,646.00

2. Treasurer's Department Salary of Treasurer and clerk hire $9,166.75

3 . New York City Office re n t...... $570 .96 Clerk h ire ...... 865.00 Stationery, postage, furniture and incidental expenses...... 5 0 5 -5 2 $1,9 4 1.4 8

4. Miscellaneous Charges Rent of Missionary Rooms, In part...... '...... $ 3 .0 3 4 -5 1 Electric lights...... * ...... 83.22 Furniture and repairs...... 440.38 Copying letters, documents, e tc ...... 95-50 Expenses of Annual Meeting...... 1,454.46 Postage stamps...... 8 0 3 .11 Stationery, printing and binding...... 7 4 J -93 Certificates of honorary membership and commissions for new mis­ sionaries...... 109.55 Legal expenses...... ’ ...... 1 5 .7 9 Books and periodicals for library...... 5 3 -7 1 Rent of boxes in safe deposit vaults...... 205.00 Bill of examiner of accounts...... 175.00 Care of rooms, telephones and incidentals...... 1,750 .22 Balance expenses of Dr. Patton in visiting the missions...... 3 7 1 -8 9 $ 9 ,3 3 4 -2 7 Balance due from cooperating societies September r, 1 9 1 1 ...... 37,004.53 Balance at credit of A. B. C. F. M. August 31, 1912 ...... 3 5 4 -4 8 $ 1,0 9 9 ,44 7 -5 1

RECEIPTS Donations, as acknowledged in the Missionary Herald, including income from Sundry Funds...... $869,764.93 Legacies, as acknowledged in the Missionary Herald...... 158,955-10 Interest on General Permanent Fund ...... 22,064.99 Due from cooperating societies August 31, 19 12 ...... 47,241.66 Balance at credit of A. B. C. F. M. September i, 19 11 ...... 1,420.83 $1,099,447.51 q fl ).# tf4 Trust Funds 207 \ O ' ''\ p TRUST FUNDS

These Funds are each invested separately

Principal Principal Sept. 1, 1911 Aug. 31, 1912 Income

$442,513.04 General Permanent Fund...... $4 49,035 4 7 • $22,064.99 45,076.50 Permanent Fund for Officers...... 4 5 ,076 .5 0 2 ,750.50 676,576.07 Conditional Gifts Fun d ...... 728,115.07 36,440.73 (Paid to Life Beneficiaries, $34,742.22) 50,000.00 Asa W. Kenney Fund (Conditional Gift) 50,000.00 3 ,974-58 (Paid to Life Beneficiary, $2,049.72) 50,000.00 Danforth Gifts (Conditional Gift) 50,000.00 2,720.00 38,153.41 Anatolia College Endowment .... 3 8 ,I5 3 -4 I 1,877.00 (Income remitted direct to college) 78,600.00 St. Paul’s Institute Fund...... 78,600.00 4,502.61 25,000.00 Harris School of Science Fund 25,000.00 1,240.00 30,859.38 William White Smith Fund...... 30,859.38 1,458.00 5,000.00 Hollis Moore Memorial Trust. . 5,000.00 3OO.OO 1,500.00 C. Merriam Female Scholarship . . 1,500.00 60.00 12,000.00 Bangor Churches Fu n d ...... 12,000.00 9OO.OO 11,030.05 Marsovan Church Fund...... 7,091.63 8,087.36 Mission Property Insurance...... 9,607.92 1,000.00 Conditional Gift International College, Sm yrna...... 1,000.00 45.OO 10,000.00 Minnie Seaside Rest ...... 10,000.00 567.OO 2,500.00 Jane P. Williams Trust Fund .... 2,500.00 3OO.OO 5.00 Ceylon Missionaries’ Fu n d ...... 500 209,904.61 Legacy of Solomon H. Chandler .. 194,167.54 9,616.24 233,3ii-79 Twentieth Century Fund...... 257,910.20 9 ,435-00 25,000.00 Atherton Fun d ...... 25,000.00 1,500.00 45,000.00 Clarke-Abbott Fun d ...... 45,000.00 2,297.67 3,621.00 Raynolds Fund ...... 3,621.00 193.00 112,048.00 Higher Educational Work Endow­ ment ...... 122,048.00 5 ,390.53 25,000.00 Anatolia College Fu n d ...... 25,000.00 1,250.00 9.00 Estates Pending Settlement...... 9.00 75,500.00 International College, Smyrna, Fund 100,500.00 3,220.00 1,000,000.00 D. Willis James Foundation . . . 1,000,000.00 50,065.00 3,200.00 Sundry Gifts ...... 3,200.00 .... Washburn Fund (Conditional Gift) 8,100.00 280.00 .... William F. Merrill Memorial Fund 28,200.00 882.50 .... First Church, St. Louis, Fund.... 900.00 20,003.34 Mission Scholarships: Cornelia A. Allis Scholarship $300.00 I 6.5O Andrews Scholarship...... 500.00 27.50

$3,240,498.55 Amounts carried forward. .. .$800.00 $3,357,200.12 $163,374.35 2o8 Report of the Treasurer

Principal Principal Sept. 1, 191 x Aug. 31, 1912 Income

$3,240,498.55 Amounts brought forward $800.00 $3,357,200.12 $163,374.35 Jeannie Grace Greenough Crawford Scholarship...... 1,000.00 55-00 MarianElwood Scholarship 400.00 18-33 Annie A. Gould Scholar­ ship ...... 1,550.00 85-25 Deacon Gates Mardin High School Scholarship .... 1 ,000.00 55-00 Norton Hubbard Scholar­ ship ...... 1,000.00 55-oo Capron Hall Ives Scholar­ ship ...... 2,000.00 110.00 J . S. Judd Doshisha Schol­ arship ...... 1,000.00 55-00 Norman T. Leonard Schol­ arship ...... 1,100.00 60.50 Hugh Miller Scholarship. . 1,650.00 90.75 Montgomery Mem’l Schol­ arship ...... 184.56 10.17 Thornton Bigelow Penfield Scholarship...... 500.00 27.50 Porter Scholarships...... 3,000.00 165.00 Ann E. Shorey Scholarship 625.00 34-37 Mary W. Thompson Schol­ arship ...... 500.00 27.50 Turvanda T opalyan Schol­ arship ...... 2,026.00 110.00 Joanna Fisher White Scholarship...... 650.00 35-75 Williams and Andrus Scholarship...... 1,417.78 77.42

20,403.34

$3,240,498.55 $3,377,603.46 $164,446.89

TRUST FUNDS-—Continued

These Funds Constitute “ General Investments”

Principal Principal Sept. 1, 1911 A ug. 31, 19 12 Income

.... Ackley Endowment...... $400.00 $12.96 $982.03 Adoor Agha Trust Fund . . 1,029.78 47-75 250.00 Adkins, H. R., Fund ...... 250.00 12.15

$1,232.03 Amounts carried forward .... $1,679.78 $72.86 Trust Funds 209

Principal Principal Sept. 1, 1911 Aug. 31, 1012 Income

$1,232.03 Amounts brought forward...... $1,679.78 $72.86 5.667.00 Albert Victor Hospital Endowment 5,667.00 275.50 10,235.20 Alden Memorial Fund ...... 10,235.20 497 59 4.000.00 Allen Memorial Fund ...... 4,000.00 194 46 500.00 American College, Madura, Endow­ ment Fu n d...... 500.00 24.31 1.899.00 Amherst College Neesima Endow­ m ent...... 1,991-33 92-33 199.34 Anatolia College'Laboratory Fund 209.04 9.70 5,066.15 Arts and Crafts Fu n d ...... 5,066.15 246.30 4.750.00 Atterbury Fu n d...... 4,750.00 230.92 6.626.00 Atwater Memorial Fund ...... 7,223.00 350-57 .... Bartlett Fund...... 3,927.75 15-85 1.000.00 Bingham, Sibyl Mosley, Memorial 1,000.00 48.62 160.04 Bitlis Orphanage Fu n d...... 167.82 7.78 2.000.00 Blank Memorial Fund ...... 2,682.37 123.60 965.55 Boys’ Academy Fund, Hadjin . .. 965.55 46.95 .... Burril Fund...... 1,000.00 16.21 537.14 Capron Scholarship...... 537-H 26.11 150.00 Church, Susan B., Memorial Fund 150.00 7.30 1.000.00 Clark Fun d...... 1,000.00 48.62 500.00 Cutler Fun d ...... 500.00 24.31 4.850.00 Coffin, H. R., Fun d...... 4,850.00 235.78 300.00 Dewey Scholarship...... 300.00 14-58 11,734.90 Diarbekir Hospital Building Fund 12,305.40 570.50 20.000.00 Diarbekir Hospital Endowment. . . 20,000.00 972.30 Dnyanodaya Endowment Fund .. . 65.00 1.32 1,361.05 Farrington Fund ...... 1,361.05 66.18 15.000.00 Foochow College Professorship Endowment...... 15,000.00 729.23 500.00 Fowler,C. E., Memorial Fund.... 500.00 24.31 1.000.00 Fulton, Rogene T., Fund...... 1,000.00 48.62 j , 740.10 Gates, C. F., MardinH. S. Scholar­ ship...... 1,740.10 84.60 800.00 Glenbrook Missionary Society Fund 800.00 38.90 1.000.00 Gordon, Rev. George A., Fund... 1,000.00 48.62 13,700.29 GordonTheological Seminary Fund 13,700.29 666.05 5,771.32 Haik Evangelical Church Building Fun d...... 6,051.90 280.58 3,929.61 Haik Evangelical Church Educa­ tion Fun d...... 4,120.66 191.05 400.00 Harriet Hazen Scholarship...... 400.00 19-45 2.605.00 Herald, Missionary, Fund ...... 2,630.00 126.65 .... Hill, A. Lewis, Endowment 500.00 16.20

$131,179.72 Amounts carried forward...... $139,576-53 $6,494.81 14 210 Report of the Treasurer

Principal Principal Sept. i, 1911 Aug. 31, 1912 Income

$131,179.72 Amounts brought forward...... $139,576-53 $6,494.81 2,353.45 International Hospital of Adana Fu n d ...... 3 ,077-25 140.85 7,777.69 Jaffna Medical Mission Endowment 7,777-69 378.12 1,606.68 Jubilee Scholarship...... 1,606.68 78.12 10,906.00 Kellogg, Orilla C., Fu n d ...... 10,906.00 530.20 2.500.00 Kodaikanal School Endowment. .. 2,650.00 128.84 2,002.36 Leonard, Amelia A., Fu n d...... • 2,002.36 97-35 2,226.77 Marash Academy Endowment. . . . 2,226.77 108.25 1.800.00 Marash Theological Sem. Endow­ ment Fun d ...... 1,800.00 87.51 1.500.00 Marash Theological Sem. Library Fun d...... 1,500.00 72.92 2,658.59 Mardin Fun d ...... 2,672.49 123.90 .... Marsovan Seminary Building Fund 2,596.55 120.39 .... Martin Fund...... 143-97 3-97 .... Medical Fund ...... 9,455.00 459 65 14,103.77 Mission Property Fund ...... 4,564.94 371-03 360.00 Mills Memorial...... 360.00 17-50 10.000.00 North China College Endowment 10,000.00 486.15 .... Pasumalai Seminary Fund ...... 12,605.00 126.40 50.000.00 Pearsons, Mrs. D. K., Mem. En­ dowment Fund ...... 50,000.00 2,430.75 100.00 Penfield, W. W., Fun d...... 100.00 4.86 5.000.00 Poor, S. B., Memorial Fun d 5,000.00 243.08 400.00 Rice, A. J., Memorial Fund 400.00 ! 9-45 2,897.10 Richards, Cyrus S., Fund ...... 2,897.10 140.85 .... Rogers, D. Miner, Memorial Fund 428.56 10.42 Sage, Sarah R., Funds...... 41,364.61 559 07 486.00 Satara Orphanage Fu n d...... 486.00 23.63 1,961.52 Schneider, Benjamin, Memorial Fu n d ...... 1,961.52 95-37 25.000.00 Smith, Elisha D., Memorial Fund 25,000.00 1,215.39 12.395.05 Vlanga Church Fund...... 6,705.95 310.90 1.635.00 Washburn Scholarship...... 1,635.00 79-5° 389.00 Welsh Scholarship...... 389.00 18.91 1.000.00 Wentworth, Albert, Fu n d ...... 1,000.00 48.62 35.683.06 W. B. M. I. Conditional Gift Fund 27,683.06 1,532.18 (Paid to Life Beneficiaries, $1,786.50) 1.075.00 Woman’s Medical Mission Endow­ m ent...... 1,075.00 52.26 Wood, Elizabeth Richards, Memo­ rial Fun d...... 300.00 14*58 3.000.00 Williams Hospital Endowment. . . 3,000.00 145 85

$ 33i,996-76 $384,947.03 $16,771.63 Trust Funds 211 INVESTMENT OF TRUST FUNDS

STOCKS National Banks Market Values Book Values August 3 1 , 1 9 1 3 12 shares American Exch. National Bank, New Y o r k ...... $2,880.00 $1,596.00 50 “ Bank of America, New York . 30,750.00 16,000.00 60 “ Bay State National Bank, Lawrence, M a ss...... 7,200.00 6,000.00 10 “ Chapin National Bank, Springfield...... 1,050.00 1,200.00 50 “ Chicago National Bank, Chicago...... 1,500.00 1,250.00 7 “ Citizens’ National Bank, Des Moines, la. 1,470.00 1 ,050.00 58 “ Mechanics & Metals Nat’l Bank, New York C i t y ...... 15,080.00 9,288.50 20 “ Merchants National Bank, Boston...... 5,900.00 2,250.00 50 “ National Bank of the Republic, Boston (In liquidation)...... 250.00 43 “ National Shawmut Bank, Boston...... 10,234.00 5 ,695-38 10 “ Old Boston National Bank, Boston...... 1,270.00 1,185.00 12 “ Second National Bank, Boston...... 3,480.00 2,280.00 56 “ State National Bank, Boston...... 9,744.00 3 ,317-59 30 “ Webster & Atlas National Bank, Boston, 5,400.00 3,480.00

$96,208.00 $ 54,592-47 Trust Companies 17 shares The Cleveland Trust Co., Cleveland, 0 ., $3,910.00 $3,400.00 87 “ Farmers Loan & Trust Co., New York C i t y ...... 29,797 50 17,182.50

$ 33,707-50 $20,582.50 R ailroads 78 shares Atch., T. & S. Fe R. R., Preferred...... $7,956.00 $7,63I-08 3 “ Atch., T. & S. Fe R. R., Common...... 325-50 3OO.OO 133 “ Boston & Albany R. R. Co ...... 28,595.00 32,737-50 3 “ Boston & Maine R. R., Common...... 292.50 3O9.OO 253 “ Boston Elev. R. R. Co ...... 31,625.00 29,996.00 10 “ Brooklyn Union Elev. R. R. Co., Com. Stock ...... 800.00 54O.OO 9 “ Bur. & Cedar Rapids & Nor. R. R ...... i,o8o.co 9OO.OO 3 “ Concord & Montreal R. R., class 4 ...... 429.00 474.OO 81 “ Conn. & Pass. Rivers R. R., Preferred .. 10,530.00 4 ,744-57 115 “ Illinois Cen. R. R. C o ...... 15,065.00 14,412.50 6 “ Manchester & Lawrence R. R ...... 1,320.00 1,308.00 110 “ Manhattan Ry. Co ...... 14,630.00 14,762.50 46 “ Mass. Elect. Co., Preferred...... 3,56 50 0 2,690.95

$116,213.00 $110,806.10 212 Report of the Treasurer

Investment of Trust Funds—Stocks— Continued Market Values Book Values August 31, 1912 Amounts brought forward...... $116,213.00 $ I I 0,806.I0 172 shares N. Y., N. H. & H.R. R. Co ...... 23,736.00 26,990.83 550 “ Pennsylvania R. R. Co., par $50 ...... 34,100.00 33.978.13 278 “ Pere Marquette R. R., ist Pfd ...... 3,614.00 12,299.82 5 “ West End St. R. R. Co., Preferred...... 495.00 565-O0

$178,158.00 $184,639.88 Insurance Companies 8 shares Aetna Ins. Co., Hartford, Conn ...... $2,504.00 $ l . 655-50 50 “ Detroit Fire & Marine Ins. Co...... 6,500.00 2,500.00 20 “ Springfield Fire & Marine Ins. C o ...... 4,740.00 4,800.00

$13,744.00 $8,955.50 Industrials 10 shares American Car & Foundry Co., Preferred.. $1,180.00 $1,160.00 133 “ Arlington Mills...... 15,827.00 15,846.01 28 “ E. & T . Fairbanks Co., St. Johnsbury, Vt., 7 ,532.00 10,712.50 96 “ Farr Alpaca Co ...... 36,480.00 12,000.00 168 “ General Chemical Co., Preferred...... 18,312.00 i3.799.46 17 " General Chemical Co., Preferred, 2d insti, p d ...... 918.00 85O.OO 58 “ General Chemical Co., Common...... 11,020.00 3.785-00 6 “ General Chemical Co., Common, 2d insti, p d ...... 520.00 306.75 13 “ General Chemical Co. of Cal., Preferred . . 1,417.00 1,300.00 100 “ Mass. Mills in Georgia...... 10,000.00 10,260.00 8 “ Roane Iron Co ...... 480.00 480.00 16 “ Scovili Mfg. Co., Waterbury, Conn...... 2,352.00 I,9 I 5.50 3 “ Scovili Mfg. Co., Waterbury, Conn...... 441.00 3II -36 32 “ U. S. Steel Corp'n, Preferred...... 3,632.00 2,240.00 100 “ Gilbert & Bennett Mfg. Co ...... 5,000.00 5,000.00

$115,111.00 $79.966.58 Miscellaneous 1,500 shares Agaunico Mines Development C o ...... $12.00 $5-oo 71 “ American Bank Note Co., Preferred ... 3,763.00 3 .483-38 4 “ American Bank Note Co., Common . . . 204.00 200.00 2 5 “ American Chicle C o ...... 5,450.00 5.750.00 120 “ American Coal Co., par $ 2 5 ...... 2,400.00 2,700.00 192 “ American Tel. & Tel. Co ...... 27,744.00 24,688.05 2 “ Chesebrough Manufacturing C o ...... 1,660.00 1,500.00 18 “ Devonshire Building Trust...... 900.00 1,898.21 50 “ Horr-Warner Co., Wellington, 0 ...... 5,000.00 5,000.00 50 “ Hutchins Securities Co., Preferred .... 5,000.00 5,000.00 5 “ Mass. Gas Co., Preferred...... 480.00 485.00

Amounts carried forward...... $52,613.00 $50,709.64 Trust Funds 213

Investment of Trust Funds—Stocks—Continued

Market Values Book Values August 31. 1012 Amounts brought forward...... $52,613.00 £50,709.64 40 shares New River Co., Common...... 40.00 4u.<>o 20 “ New River Co., Preferred...... 300.00 200.00 272 “ N. Y. Dock Co., Preferred...... 9,520.00 18,919.75 15 “ Northwestern Telegraph Co., par $50. 885.00 825.00 250 “ Pemberton Bldg. Trust...... 12,500.00 25,000,00 5 “ Singer Manufacturing Co ...... 1,445.00 1,500.00 6 “ The Silversmiths Co ...... 564.00 540.00 200 “ Tropical Fruit Growers'Ass’n ...... 5.00 5.00 25 “ Union Typewriter Co., 2d preferred . . 2,625.00 2,500.00 50 “ Washington Water Power Co ...... 6,650.00 6,750.00 20 “ Western Union Telegraph Co ...... 1,630.00 1,555-00 28 “ Worcester Elee. Light C o ...... 8,120.00 5,810.00 67 “ Worcester Gas Light Co ...... 19,832.00 13,106.50 25 “ William Street Offices...... 2,500.00 2,500.00

$119,229.00 $129,960.89 BONDS City and State 2.000 bonds City of Cambridge, Mass., 4 per cent, 1921 ...... $2,000.00 $2,020.00 5.000 “ City of Cleveland, O., 4 per cent, 1926, 5,000.00 5,000.00 4.000 “ City of Hartford, Conn., 3 ! per cent, 19 2 6 ...... 3,780.00 3,760.00 3.000 “ City of Middletown, Conn., 3^ per cent, 1 9 2 1 ...... 2,865.00 2,820.00 12.000 “ City of Minneapolis, 4 per cent, 1 9 1 7 .. 11,940.00 12,000.00 7.000 “ City of Minneapolis, 3§ per cent, 1933, 6,457.50 6,440.00 5.000 “ City of New Haven, Conn., 3 ! per cent, 19 2 2 ...... 4,800.00 4,700.00 5.000 “ City of New York, N. Y ., 35 per cent, 19 21 ...... 4.72500 4,675-00 5.000 “ City of Philadelphia, Pa., 3^ per cent, 1 9 3 1 ...... 4 ,675-00 4,950-00 10.000 “ City of Pittsburg, Pa., 3 i per cent, 1930 9,250.00 8,800.00 2,000.23 “ City of Seattle, Local Imp. 6 per cent, District No. 9 55 ...... 2,000.23 2,000.23 4.000 “ City of Tacoma, Wash., 5 per cent, 19x3 4,000.00 4,080.00 25.000 “ City of Tacoma, Spec. Water Fd., No. 2, 5 per cent, 19 2 2 -19 2 5 ...... 25,000.00 25,000.00 10.000 “ Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 3§ per cent, 19 2 3 -1 9 3 5 ...... 9.575-00 10,000.00 2.000 “ Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 3§ percent, 1934 ...... 1,870.00 1,920.00

$97,937-73 $98,165.23 214 Report of the Treasurer

Investment of Trust Funds—Bonds— Continued Railroads Market Values Book Values August 31, 1912 2,000 bonds Anacostia & Potomac Riv. R. R., 1st Mtg., 5 per cent, 19 4 9 ...... $1,990.00 $ 2,000.00 49,000 “ Atch.. T. & S. Fe R. R., Gen. Mtg. 4 per cent, 19 9 5 ...... 47,285.00 45,639-60 22,500 “ Atch., T. & S. Fe R. R., Adjustments, 1995 ...... 20,025.00 19 ,214.15 9,000 ‘ Baltimore, Chesapeake & Atlantic R. R., 5 percent, 1934 ...... 9,270.00 9,000.00 10,000 “ Boston Elevated Ry., 4! percent, 1941, 10,100.00 9,991-25 25,000 “ Broadway & Seventh Av., 1st Cons. M tg., 5 per cent, 1 9 4 3 ...... 25,750.00 25.500.00 5,000 “ Brooklyn Union Elev. R. R. Co., 1st M tg., 4 per cent and 5 per cent, 1950, 5,100.00 4.860.00 5,000 “ Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburg R. R., 4! per cent, 1920, Equip ...... 4,975-oo 4.750.00 14,000 “ Bur. & Mo. Riv. R. R. in Neb., 6 per cent, 1 9 1 8 ...... 14,420.00 8.675.00 11,000 “ Canton & Massillon R. R., 5 per cent, 19 20 ...... 10,780.00 11.290.00 1,000 '* Cape Girardeau & Chester R. R., 1st M tg., 5 per cent, 19 3 4 ...... 900.00 900.00 10,000 “ Cen. Vt. R. R., 1st Mtg., gold, 4 per cent, 19 2 0 ...... 9,050.00 9, 158.75 17,000 “ C., B. & Q. R. R. Co., 4 per cent, Gen. M tg., 19 5 8 ...... 16,235.00 14.315.00 8,000 “ C. B. & Q. R. R., Debs., 5 per cent, I9 I3 ...... •/ ...... 8,040.00 8,451.67 30,000 “ Chicago Railways Co., 1st Mtg., 5 per cent, 19 2 7 ...... 30,000.00 29.400.00 4,000 “ Chicago, Rock Island & Pac. Ry., 1st Pref. Mtg., 4 per cent, 1934 ...... 3,500.00 3.400.00 10,000 “ Chicago & East. 111. R. R ., 6 per cent, 1934...... 12,000.00 10.900.00 9,000 “ Chicago & W. Mich. R. R., 5 per cent, 19 21 ...... 8,640.00 7.815.00 7,000 “ City & Suburban Ry. Co., 4 per cent, 1930...... 6,230.00 8,188.42 10,000 “ Clev., Cinn., Chic. & St. Louis R. R., Gen. Mtg., 4 per cent, 1993 ...... 9,000.00 10,281.92 12,000 “ Cleveland, Lorain & Wheeling Co., 5 per cent, 1933 ...... 13,080.00 12.780.00 10,000 “ Columbus & 9th Av., 5 per cent, 1993.. 10,200.00 9,85000

Amounts carried forward...... $276,570.00 $266,360.76 Trust Funds 215

Investment of Trust Funds—Bonds—Continued

Market Values Book Values August 31, 1912 Amounts brought forward...... $276,570.00 $266,3(H).76 10.000 bonds Current River R. R., 5 percent, 1927 .. 10,100.00 10,100.00 3.000 “ Des Moines City R. R. Co., 1st Mtg., 5 per cent, 1 9 2 1 ...... 2,790.00 3,015.00 16.000 “ Des Moines St. Ry. Co., 1st Mtg., 1916, 6 per cen t...... 16,000.00 16,000.00 19,500 “ Det., Gr. Rapids & West. R. R., 1st M tg., 4 per cent, 19 4 6 ...... 15,600.00 14,131.65 4.000 “ Duluth St. R y. Co., 5 per cent, 1930 . . . 4,040.00 4,000.00 2.000 “ Georgia, Carolina & Nor. R. R. Co., 1st M tg., 5 per cent, 19 2 9 ...... 2,100.00 2,000.00 2.000 “ Georgia So. & Florida Ry. Co., 1st M tg., 5 per cent, 1 9 4 5 ...... 2,120.00 2,000.00 10.000 “ Grand Rapids R y. Co., 5 per cent, 1 9 1 6 ...... 10,000.00 10,250.00 25.000 “ Interboro Rapid Transit Co., Series A, 5 per cent, 19 5 2 ...... 26,000.00 24,747.47 4.000 “ Iowa Central R. R., 5 per cent, 1938 .. . 3,880.00 4,000.00 24.000 “ Kan. City, Ft. Scott & Memphis R. R., Con. M tg., 6 per cent, 19 2 8 ...... 27,240.00 25,776.25 2.000 “ Kentucky Central Ry. Co., 4 per cent, gold, 19 8 7 ...... 1,840.00 2,000.00 4.000 “ Lake Shore & Mich. So. R. R.. 3 I per cent, 19 9 7 ...... 3,520.00 3,640.00 5.000 “ Lake Shore & Mich. So. R. R., 4 per cent, 19 2 8 ...... 4,600.00 4,668.75 25.000 “ Lake Shore & Mich. So. R. R., 4 per cent, Debentures, 1 9 3 1 ...... 23,000.00 23,062.50 15.000 “ Lexington Av. & Pavonia Ferry Co., 1st M tg., 5 per cent, 19 9 3 ...... 15,150.00 14,775.00 10.000 “ Long Island R. R. Co., Ferry, 4J per cent, 19 2 2 ...... 9,700,00 8,925.00 20.000 “ Long Island R. R. Co., Unified Mtg., 4 per cent, 19 4 9 ...... 18,600.00 18,787.50 25.000 “ Mich. Cent. R. R., Debs., 4 per cent, 19 2 9 ...... 22,125.00 23,000.00 25.000 “ Montreal Tramways Co., 5 per cent, 19 4 1/ 1 9 4 2 ...... 25,250.00 24,937-50 31.000 “ N. Y. Cen. & H. R. R. R. & Lake Shore R. R., 3^ percent, 1998 ...... 24,955.00 29,667.11 3,800 “ N. Y ., N. H. & H. R. R., 6 per cent, Con. D ebs...... 4,883-oo 3,800.00 1.000 “ N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R., Debs., 4 per cent, 19 5 6 ...... 910.00 950-00

Amounts carried forward $55°>973-°o $54°,594-49 216 Report of the Treasurer

Investment of Trust Funds—Bonds—Continued

Market Values Book Values August 31, 1912 Amounts brought forward ...... $550,973.00 $540,594.49 3,500 bonds Nor. Pac. Ry. Co., Gen. Lien, gold, 3 per cent, due 2 0 4 7 ...... 2,397.50 2,511.51 12.000 " Nor. Pac. Ry. Co., Prior Lien, 4 per cent, 19 9 7 ...... 11,700.00 9,247.05 20.000 “ Nor. Pac. & Gt. Nor. R. R., Joint C., B. & Q. Collateral, 4 per cent, 1921 ... . 19,200.00 7,077.52 16.000 “ Oregon Short Line R. R., 1st Mtg., 6 per cent, 1922 ...... 17,920.00 17,760.50 30.000 “ Oregon Short Line R. R., gold, 4 per cent, 19 2 9 ...... 27,600.00 28,406.26 15.000 “ Oregon Short Line R. R., Con. Mtg., gold, 5 per cent, 19 4 6 ...... 16,500.00 12,445.27 10.000 “ Oregon Ry. & Nav. Co., Con. Mtg., 4 per cent, 19 4 6 ...... 9,250.00 10,135.00 3.000 “ Penn. R. R. Co., Con., 35 per cent, 1 9 1 5 ...... 2,910.00 2,883.75 12,300 “ Pere Marquette R. R., 6 per cent, Deb., 19 x 2 ...... 6,150.00 11,042.95 10.000 “ Pontiac, Oxford & Nor. R. R., 6 per cent, 1 9 1 6 ...... 10,000.00 10,000.00 4.000 “ Salt Lake & Ogden Ry. Co., 1st Mtg., 5 per cent, due Feb. 1, 1 9 3 4 ...... 3,840.00 3,600.00 10.000 " St. Joseph & Gr. Island R. R., 1st Mtg., 4 per cent, 19 4 7 ...... 8,700.00 10,000.00 2.000 " St. Louis, Iron Mountain & So. Ry., 5 per cent, 1 9 3 1 ...... 2,070.00 2,000.00 10.000 “ St. Paul & Duluth R. R., 1st Mtg., 4 per cent, 19 6 8 ...... 9,200.00 10,050.00 15.000 “ Toronto, Hamilton & Buffalo R. R., 1st M tg., 4 per cent, 19 4 6 ...... 13,500.00 14,943-75 5.000 “ Union Pacific R. R., 1st Mtg., 4 per cent, 19 4 7 ...... 4,950.oo 5,045-00 20.000 “ West End St. Ry. Co., 4 percent, 1915, 19,800.00 21,150.00 5.000 “ West End St. Ry. Co., 4 per cent, 1917, 4,950.00 5,090.00 10.000 “ Wisconsin Cen, R. R., 1st Mtg., 4 per cent, 1949...... 9,200.00 9,075.83

$750,810.50 $733,058.88 Telephone Companies 150,000 bonds Am. Tel. & Tel. Co., 4 per cent, 1 9 2 9 ...... $135,000.00 $ 137,377-50 1,000 “ Columbus Citizens’ Tel. Co., 5 per cent, 19 2 0 ...... 920.00 880.00

Amounts carried forward...... $135,920.00 $138,257.50 Trust Funds 217

Investment of Trust Funds—Bonds —Continued

Market Values Book Values August 31. 1912 Amounts brought forward .... $135,920.00 Si 38,257.50 5,000 bonds Cumberland Tel. & Tel. Co., 1st Mtg., 5 per cent, 19 18 ...... 5,050.00 5,562.50 1,000 " Met. Tel. & Tel. Co., 5 per cent, 1918, 1,025.00 1 ,080.00 50,000 “ New York Tel. Co., 4! per cent, 1939, 49,250.00 4^,477-5° 4,000 “ N .Y .& N . J. Tel. Co., 5 per cent, 1920, 4,080.00 3,985.00 25,000 “ Southern Bell Telephone Co., 5 per cent, 1 9 4 1 ...... 25,000.00 24,000.00 5,000 “ West. Tel. & Tel. Co., 5 per cent, 1932, 5,000.00 4,800.00

$225,325.00 $226,162.50 Industrials 50,000 bonds American Agr. Chemical Co., ist Mtg., 5 per cent, 19 2 8 ...... $50,500.00 $ 50,530-00 27,000 “ Am. Writing Paper Co., 1st Mtg., gold, Sinking Fund, 5 per cent, due Oct. 1, 1 9 1 9 ...... 24,570.00 23,588.75 50,000 “ Central Leather Co., 5 per cent, 1st Mtg., 1 9 2 5 ...... 47,500.00 49,031-25 14,000 “ Crompton & Knowles Loom Works Debs., 6 per cent, 1912-20 . 14,700.00 13,250.00 50,000 “ International Paper Co., 1st Mtg., 6 per cent, due Feb. 1, 1 9 1 8 ...... 51,750.00 5 2 ,5 3 12 5 25,000 “ International Steam Pump Co., 5 per cent, 19 2 9 ...... 23,000.00 24,125.00 20,000 “ United Fruit Co., per cent, 1923 .. . 19,300.00 19,325.00 5,000 “ U. S Envelope Co., 5 per cent, 1st M tg., gold, 1 9 1 8 ...... 5,000.00 4,903-50 25,000 “ U. S. Rubber Co., 6 per cent, 1918... . 26,000.00 25,375-00 101,000 “ U. S. Steel Corp., 5 per cent, S. F., 1963...... 103,525.00 100,880.00 25,000 “ Westinghouse Elect. & Mfg. Co., 5 per cent, Convert., 1 9 3 1 ...... 23,875.00 23,437 50

$389,720.00 $386,977.25 Miscellaneous 8,000 bonds Adams Express Co., Col. Trust, gold, 4 per cent, 19 4 7 ...... $6,720.00 $7,690.00 1,000 “ Adams Express Co., Col. Trust, gold, 4 per cent, 19 48 ...... 855.00 880.00 25,000 “ Adirondack Electric Power Cor., ist Mtg., 5 per cent, 1962 ...... 24,750.00 24,875.00 1,000 “ American Real Estate Co., N. Y ., 6 per cent, 1 9 1 7 ...... 930.00 1,000.00

Amounts carried forward...... $33,255-oo $34,445.00 218 Report of the Treasurer

Investment of Trust Funds—Bonds—Continued

Market Values Book V a lu e s August 31, 1912 Amounts brought forward .... $33,255-00 $34,445-00 30,000 bonds Arcade Building & Realty Co., Seattle, 6 per cent, 19 2 6 ...... 30,000.00 30,000.00 25,000 “ Bitter Root Valley Irrigation Co., 1st M tg., 6 per cent, 1 9 x 5 -1 9 1 9 ...... 25,000.00 25,000.00 10,000 “ Boston Terminal Co., 3 ! per cent, 1947...... 9,700.00 10,250.00 10,000 “ Brooklyn Ferry Co. of N. Y., 1st Con. M tg., 5 per cent, 19 4 8 ...... 1,500.00 8,826.40 2,000 “ Chattanooga Elect. Co., 1st Mtg., 5 per cent, 1 9 1 9 ...... 2,000.00 2,000.00 10,000 “ Chic. Junct. Rys. & Union Stock Yards Co., 4 per cent, 19 4 0 ...... 8,900.00 10,187.50 50,000 “ Cleveland Electric 111. Co., 1st Mtg., 5 per cent, 19 3 9 ...... 50,500.00 50,000.00 15,000 “ Colo. Fuel & Iron Co., Gen. Mtg., S. F., 5 per cent, 1943 ...... 14,850.00 13,500.00 5,000 “ Colorado Springs Elec. Co., 1st Mtg., 5 per cent, 19 2 0 ...... 4,700.00 5,075-00 4,500 “ Commonwealth Water & Light Co. of N. J., 5 per cent, 1934 ...... 4,050.00 4,420.00 3,000 “ Consolidated Lighting Co. of Vt., 1st M tg., 5 per cent, 19 2 6 ...... 2,940.00 2,700.00 25,000 “ Consumers’ Power Co., 1st Lien and Ref., 5 per cent, 1936 ...... 24,000.00 23,750.00 322,000 “ Dawson R y. & Coal Co., 5 per cent, 1951...... 322,000.00 322,000.00 25,000 “ Detroit Edison Co., 5 per cent, due Jan. 1, 1933, 1st Mtg., gold...... 25,375-00 25,250.00 2,000 “ Fort Worth Power & Light Co., 1st Mtg., 5 per cent, 19 3 1 ...... 1,920.00 1,960.00 15,000 “ Grand River Coal & Coke Co., 1st Mtg., 6 per cent, 19 19 ...... 13,500.00 16,572-50 1,000 “ Hackensack Water Co., 1st Mtg., 4 per cent, 1 9 5 2 ...... 860.00 880.00 6,000 “ Louisville & Jeffersonville Bridge Co., 5 per cent, 19 4 5 ...... 5,400.00 6,000.00 14,000 “ Lumber Exch. & Bldg. Co., Seattle, 6 per cent, 19 12 ...... 14,000.00 14,000.00 1,000 “ Macon Ry. & Light Co., 1st Cons. Mtg., 5 per cent, 1953 ...... 995.00 1,000.00 20,000 “ Massachusetts Gas Co., 4! per cent, 1931...... 19,400.00 19,350-00 500 “ Middlesex Banking Co., Middletown, Conn., 5 per cent, 1 9 1 5 ...... 475.00 500.00

Amounts carried forward...... $615,320.00 $627,666.40 Trust Funds 219

Investment of Trust Funds—Bonds— Continued

Market Values Book Values August 31, 1912 Amounts brought forward...... $615,320.00 $6:27,666.40 4,000 bonds Minn. Mtg. Redemption Co., 5 per cent, 1 9 1 5 ...... 3,200.00 3,900.00 2,000 " New^ Canaan Water Co., ist Mtg., 5 per cent, 1 9 1 5 ...... 1,960.00 1,970.00 16,000 " New England Co., ist Mtg., gold, 4] per cent, 19 2 0 ...... 14,400.00 16,320.00 461,000 “ New Mexico Ry. & Coal Co., ist Cons. Mtg., 5 per cent, 1947 and 1951 . . . 461,000.00 461,000.00 3,000 “ Northern Indiana Gas & Electric Co., ist Ref. M tg., 5 per cent, 1929. . 2,730.00 3,000.00 10,000 “ People’s Gas Light & Coke Co., Chi­ cago, Ref. M tg., 5 per cent, 1947 .. . 10,150.00 10,000.00 5.000 “ Pleasant Valley Coal Co., ist Mtg., 5 per cent, 19 2 8 ...... 4,500.00 5,250.00 .25,000 “ Portland Gen. Elect. Co., 1st Mtg., 5 per cent, 1 9 3 5 ...... 25,125,00 25,550.00 8,000 “ Puget Sound Pourer Co., 5 per cent, 19 3 3 ...... 8,000.00 8,160.00 2,000 “ Seattle Elee. Co., Cons. Refund, gold, 5 per cent, 19 2 9 ...... 1,970.00 2,000.00 1,500 “ Securities Co., 4 per cen t...... 885.00 1,084.00 30,000 “ Southern California Edison Co., 5 per cent, Gen. Lien, 1939 ...... 28,800.00 29,37500 1,000 " Southern Light & Traction Co., 5 per cent, Collateral Trust, 19 4 9 ...... 920.00 1,000.00 .25,000 “ Southern Power Co., ist Mtg., 5 per cent, 19 3 0 ...... 24,875.00 25,000.00 1,000 “ Streator Aqueduct Co., ist Mtg., 5 per cent, 1 9 1 9 ...... 950.00 1,000.00 21,000 “ Terminal R. R. Assn. of St. Louis, ist Mtg., 5 percent, 1944 ...... 23,205.00 2 4 ,17 8 3 3 5OO “ Tonawanda Lighting & Power Co., ist Mtg., 6 per cent, 1927 ...... 520.00 535-00 5,000 “ Union Traction Co. of Indiana, Gen. Mtg., 5 per cent, 1919 ...... 4-787-50 4,750.00 20,000 " United Electric Securities Co., 5 per cent, 19 4 2 ...... 19,600.00 20,000.00 3,880 “ U. S. of Mexico, External Mtg., gold, 5 per cent, 1 9 1 5 ...... 3,724.80 3,952.75 10,000 “ U. S. Mtg. & Trust Co., 4 per cent, 1 9 2 2 ...... 9,000.00 10,000.00 -25,000 " Utica Gas & Electric Co., 5 per cent Ref. and Ext. Mtg., 1957 ...... 25,000.00 25,000.00

$1,290,622.3011,310,691.48 220 Report of the Treasurer

Investment of Trust Funds— Continued SHORT TIME NOTES Market Values Book Values August 31, 1912 20.000 notes Am. Locomotive Co., 5 per cent, Oct. 1.1913 ...... $20,000.00 $19,850.00 20.000 “ Am. Locomotive Co., 5 per cent, Oct. 1.191 4 ...... 20,000.00 19,941.67 25.000 “ Ayer Mills, 45 per cent, March 1,1916, 24,000.00______23,875-00 j.,000.00 $63,666.67

MORTGAGES AND NOTES Sundry Notes and Mortgages...... $, )i,310.00 $301,310.00

REAL ESTATE Lands and Buildings...... $145,700.00 $123,008.50

SAVINGS BANKS Deposits in Savings B anks. 1,091- 63 7,091-63

LEGACY SOLOMON H. CHANDLER Investments Legacy Solomon H. Chandler...... $175,195.52 $193,485.44 Bequest provides the use annually of $25,000

ESTATES PENDING SETTLEMENT Securities received from estates awaiting sale $9.00 $9.00 Note.— M any of the securities in the preceding list of Investments were gifts to the Board or taken in the settlement of estates.

SUMMARY OF INVESTMENTS Market Values Book Values National Bank Stocks...... $96,208.00 $ 54,592.47 Trust Companies Stocks...... 33,707-50 20,582.50 Railroad Stocks...... 178,158.00 184,639.88 Insurance Companies Stocks...... 13,744.00 8,955-50 Industrial Stocks...... 115 ,111.0 0 79,966.58 Miscellaneous Stocks...... 119,229.00 129,960.89 City and State Bonds...... 97,93.7-73 98,165.23 Railroad Bonds...... 750,810.50 733,058-88 Telephone Bonds...... 225,325.00 226,162.50 Industrial Bonds...... 389,720.00 386,977.25 Miscellaneous Bonds...... 1,290,622.30 1,310,691.48 Short Time Notes...... 64,000.00 63,666.67 Mortgages and Notes...... 301,310.00 301,3x0.00 Real Estate ...... 145,700.00 123,008.50 Savings Banks Deposits...... 7,091.63 7,091.63 $3,828,674.66 $3,728,829.96 Investments Legacy Solomon H. Chandler. . . . i 75,i95-52 i 93,485-44 Securities received from estates awaiting sale .. 9.00 9.00 $4,003,879.18 $3,922,324.40 Assets 22 I

ASSETS Investment of General Permanent Fund ...... $450,015.17 “ “ Permanent Fund for Officers. . 44,613.30 “ “ Conditional Gifts F u n d ...... 727,921.99 “ “ Twentieth Century Fund 256,971.49 “ “ Harris School of Science F u n d ...... 24,188.42 “ “ William White Smith Fund ...... 30,964.00 “ “ Asa W . Kenney F u n d ...... 49.600.00 “ “ Bangor Churches Fund ...... 12,000.00 “ “ Ceylon Missionaries F u n d ...... 5.00 “ “ Marsovan Church Building Fund ...... 7,091.63 “ “ Conditional Gift for International College of Sm yrna...... 1,000.00 “ “ Jane P. Williams Trust Fund ...... 2,500.00 “ “ Danforth Gifts...... 49,995.42 “ “ Anatolia College Endowment.... 38,059.75 “ “ Hollis Moore Memorial Trust...... 5,000.00 “ “ Mission Scholarships...... 20,340.00 “ C. Merriam Female Scholarship 1,000.00 “ “ Mission Property Insurance 9,510.00 “ “ St. Paul's Institute Fund ...... 77,700.00 “ “ Minnie Seaside Rest...... V. 10,000.00 “ “ Legacy of Solomon H. Chandler...... 193,485.44 “ “ Pasumalai Seminary Fund ...... 5.00 “ “ Sundry Gifts...... 3,200.00 “ “ Estates Pending Settlement.... 9.00 “ “ General Investments...... 388,376.82 “ “ Atherton Fund*...... 25,000.00 “ “ Anatolia College Fund ...... 24,500.00 “ “ Clarke-Abbott Fund ...... 44,833.00 “ “ Higher Educational Work Endowment. . . . 121,050.00 “ “ International College, Sm yrna...... 60,120.00 “ “ D. Willis James Foundation...... 1,000,000.00 “ “ Raynolds Fund ...... 3,465.00 “ “ Washburn Fund ...... 8,100.00 “ “ William F. Merrill Memorial Fund ...... 28,200.00 “ “ First Church, St. Louis, F u n d ...... 900.00 Temporary Investments...... 202,603.97 Balance due from Income W . B. M. I. Conditional Gifts Fund .. 448-65 Balance Income Yale Building Property...... 20,797.08 Balance due from Cooperating Societies...... 47>24 I -66 Rev. W. L. Beard, District Secretary...... 250.67 Rev. A. N. Hitchcock, District Secretary...... 768.38 Rev. H. M. Tenney, District Secretary...... 295.46 Remittances to the Missions for their needs subsequent to Sept. 1, 1 9 1 2 ...... 45,711-54 Sundry Accounts Receivable...... 38,081.37

Amount carried forward...... $4,075,919.21 222 Report of the Treasurer

Assets—Continued Amount brought forward...... $4,°75,919.21 Brousa Property Temporary Loan ...... 6,000.00 Japan Properties...... 2,500.00 C a sh ...... 79,063.86

$ 4 , i6 3,483-07 LIABILITIES

General Permanent Fund ...... $ 449»°35-47 Permanent Fund for Officers...... 45,076.50 Conditional Gifts Fund ...... 728,1x5.07 W. B. M. I. Conditional Gifts F u n d ...... 27,683.06 Twentieth Century Fund ...... 257,910.20 D. Willis James Foundation...... 1,000,000.00 Higher Educational Work Endowment...... 122,048.00 Mission Property Fund ...... 4,564.94 Gracey Fund ...... 50.00 Harris School of Science Fund ...... 25,000.00 William White Smith Fund .... . 30,859.38 Asa W. Kenney Fund ...... 50,000.00 Bangor Churches Fund...... 12,000.00 Cyrus S. Richards Fund ...... 2,897.10 Henry R. Adkins Fund ...... 250.00 Ceylon Missionaries Fund ...... 5.00 Herbert R. Coffin F u n d ...... 4,850.00 Marsovan Seminary Building Fund . 2,596.55 Marsovan Church Building Fund ...... 7,091.63 Amelia A. Leonard Fund...... 2,002.36 Haik Evangelical Church Building Fund ...... 6,051.90 Elisha D. Smith Memorial Fund ...... 25,000.00 Vlanga Church Fund ...... 6,705.95 Boys’ Academy, Hadjin, Fund ...... 965.55 Atterbury Fund ...... 4,750.00 Blank Memorial Fund ...... 2,682.37 Charles E. Fowler Memorial Fund . •...... 500.00 Mardin Fund ...... 2,672.49 S. B. Poor Memorial Fund 5,000.00 Clark F u n d ...... 1,000.00 B. Schneider Memorial Fund ...... 1,961.52 Clarke-Abbott Fund...... 45,000.00 Ruth Tracy Strong Fund ...... 535-°o Rev. George A. Gordon Fund ...... 1,000.00 Albert Wentworth Fund ...... 1,000.00 Rogene T. Fulton Fund ...... 1,000.00 W . W . Penfield F u n d ...... 100.00 Adoor Agha Trust Fund ...... 1,029.78

Amount carried forward $2,878,989.82 Liabilities 223

Liabilities— Continued

Amount brought forward...... $2,878,989.82 Haik Evangelical Church Education Fund ...... 4,120.66 Satara Orphanage F u n d ...... 486.00 Susan B. Church Memorial F u n d ...... 1 50.00 Ely Publication Fund ...... 525.03 Bitlis Orphanage F u n d ...... 167.82 Missionary Herald F u n d ...... 2,630.00 Alice Julia Rice Memorial Fund. 400.00 Glenbrook Missionary Society Fund ...... 800.00 Allen Memorial Fu n d ...... 4,000.00 Orilla C. Kellogg Fund 10,906.00 Jane P. Williams Trust Fund ...... 2,500.00 Marash Theological Seminary Endowment...... 1,800.00 Anatolia College Laboratory Fund ...... 209.04 St. Paul’s Institute Fund ...... 78,600.00 Diarbekir Hospital Building Fund ...... 12,305.40 Pasumalai Seminar}' F u n d ...... 12,605.00 Arts and Crafts School Fund ...... 5,066.15 Minnie Seaside Rest Fund ...... 10,000.00 Atwater Memorial Fund ...... 7,223.00 Alden Memorial Fund ...... 10,235.20 Atherton Fund ...... 25,000.00 Farrington Fund ...... 1,361.05 RaynoldsFund ...... 3,621.00 Cutler Fund...... 500.00 Sundry Gifts Fund ...... 3,200.00 American College, Madura, Endowment...... 500.00 Mrs. D. K. Pearsons Memorial Endowment...... 50,000.00 Marash Academy Endowment...... 2,226.77 Foochow College Professorship Endowment. 15,000.00 North China College Endowment ...... 10,000.00 Williams Hospital Endowment...... 3,000.00 Amherst College Neesima Endowment ...... 1,991-33 Anatolia College Endowment...... 38,153.4 1 Jaffna Medical Mission Endowment...... 7>777-69 Woman’s Medical Mission Endowment...... 1,075.00 Albert Victor Hospital Endowment. ... 5,667.0a Diarbekir Hospital Endowment...... 20,000.00 Kodaikanal School Endowment...... 2,650.00 Mission Scholarships...... 20,403.34 C. Merriam Female Scholarship...... 1,500.00 C. F. Gates Mardin High School Scholarship...... 1,740.10 Dewey Scholarship...... 300.00 Harriet Hazen Scholarship. 400.00 Capron, Pasumalai Seminary, Scholarship ... . 537-x4

Amount carried forward...... $3)260,322.95 224 Report of the Treasurer

Liabilities— Continued Amount brought forward...... $3,260,322.95 Welsh, Pasumalai Seminary, Scholarship...... 389.00 Washburn, Pasumalai High School, Scholarship...... 1,635.00 Jubilee, Pasumalai High School, Scholarship...... 1,606.68 Conditional Gift International College of Smyrna.. . 1,000.00 Medical Fund ...... 9,455-00 Washburn F u n d ...... 8,100.00 Elizabeth Richards Wood Memorial Fund...... 300.00 William F. Merrill Memorial Fund ...... 28,200.00 Martin Fund ...... 143-97 Dnyanodaya Endowment Fund...... 65.00 FairbankFund ...... 200.00 D. Miner Rogers Memorial Fund ...... 428.56 First Church, St. Louis, Fund ...... 900.00 Sarah R. Sage Funds...... 41,364.61 Bartlett Fund ...... 3 ,9 2 7 7 5 B u rrilF u n d ...... 1,000.00 Ackley Endowment...... 400.00 A. Lewis Hill Endowment... 500.00 Danforth Gifts...... 50,000.00 Marash Theological Seminary Library ...... 1,500.00 Science Building, Madura College...... 25,562.50 Gordon Theological Seminary, Tungchow ... 13,700.29 Hollis Moore Memorial Trust...... 5,000.00 Woman’s Medical Mission, Jaffna ...... 2,344.58 International Hospital of Adana ...... 3,077.25 International College, Smyrna...... 100,500.00 Anatolia College Fund ...... 25,000.00 Sibyl Mosley Bingham Memorial...... 1,000.00 Mills Memorial...... 360.00 Proposed African Station...... 100.00 Legacy of Solomon H. Chandler...... 194,167.54 Legacy of George H. Weston, balance...... 3187 Estates Pending Settlement...... 9.00 Watertown Properties...... 188.82 Washington County Properties...... 185.45 Mission Property Insurance...... 9,607.92 Marine Insurance...... 764.21 Insurance on Missionary Vessels...... 447-65 Balances of Income Sundry Funds awaiting distribution...... 15,293.06 Balance of Guam Teachers Fund...... 535-0° Balance of Guam Church Building Fund ...... 55-00 Expenses of R. T. Strong Fund 828.54 Chinese Indemnity, balance...... 79-98 Albanian Work, balance...... 4,499*53 Goward Book Account, balance...... 272.87

Amount carried forward $3,815,049.58 Liabilities 225

Liabilities— Continued

Amount brought forward...... S3.815.049.58 Bills Payable, Bills of Exchange...... 145,800.00 Baring Brothers & Co., Ltd., Bills of Exchange...... 75.930-43 Guarantee Surplus Account...... 57,348.58 Woman’s Board of Missions, Balance of Deposit in advance for 19 r3 ...... 69,000.00 Balance...... 354-48

$4,163,483.07

Auditor’s Certificate

B o s t o n , September 30, 1912. W ejiave made a careful examination of the stocks, bonds and other securities of the Board, representing investments of all kinds as entered in the books of the Treasurer, and found same to correspond perfectly with the detailed state­ ments of same as they appear in his books as of date August 3 1, 1912. And further, we employed Robert J . Dysart, certified public accountant, who has worked in coòperation with the Finance Committee in examination of vouchers. He has examined also in detail all entries in the books and accounts of the Treasurer for the year, all of which he has found to be correct and in good form. ,Mr. D ysart’s certificate to us is herewith submitted as a part of this report. The Treasurer’s Bond, duly approved, was submitted for our examination by the Chairman of the Prudential Committee. E d w in H . B a k e r , W. B. P l u n k e t t , H e r b e r t J. W e l l s , A uditors.

15 226 Report of the Treasurer

Special Examiner’s Report Office of R o b e r t J . D y s a r t , Certified Public Accountant. 4 0 State Street, B o s t o n , September 30, 1912. E d w in H. B a k e r , E s q ., Chairman, Board of Auditors, American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, Boston, Massachusetts. Dear Sir: I beg to advise that I have examined the books of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions for the year ended August 31, 1912, and have the honor herewith to certify to the accuracy of the accounts as disclosed in the final statement, with a balance of $354.48 standing to the credit of the Board. In the course of my examination I have covered thoroughly all points dealing directly with the receipt and disbursement of money, and have verified in detail the postings, footings, cross entries, etc., of the general ledger, as well as of the books of original entry. I have proved the cash balance in safe and on deposit at the several banks, and have also made a careful inspection of the vouchers presented covering the disbursements of the year. Your Committee as usual having examined the certificates of stocks, bonds, and other securities held by the Treasurer representing the investments standing on the debit side of the balance sheet renders, as in previous years, an exami­ nation of those securities by me unnecessary.

Respectfully submitted,

R o b e r t J . D y s a r t , Special Examiner. Summary of Donations Received During the Year

M a in e | Connecticut Donations...... $9,949.46 1 Donations...... $ 5 8 ,5 3 8 .2 3 Legacies...... 2 6 ,12 6 .5 0 Legacies...... 7 .4 9 5 .8 2 From Sunday Schools and ! From Sunday Schools and Y. P. S. C. E ...... 2 8 2 .79 Y. P. S. C. E ...... 1,7 8 2 .6 5 ‘Donations for Mission Work for Donations for Mission Work for Women (of which $950,000 are Women (of which $3,727.0 7 are legacies)...... 6 ,8 4 8 .12 legacies)...... 40,968.27

$43,20 6 .8 7 $108,784.97 New Hampshire N ew Y o rk Donations...... $ 10 ,10 2 .2 3 D onations...... $50 ,925.90 Legacies...... 1 ,3 5 4 - 1 9 Legacies...... 1 9 .5 5 4 -6 0 From Sunday Schools and From Sunday Schools and Y. P. S. C. E ...... 1 9 4 .0 9 Y . P. S. C. E ...... 1,3 5 2 .6 1 Donations for Mission Work for Donations for Mission Work for 3 .7 7 6 .2 6 W om en...... W om en...... 13 .1 7 2 .5 4

$15 ,4 2 6 .7 7 $85,00 5.6 5 Verm ont N ew Je rse y Donations...... $ 1 1 ,2 3 2 .5 7 Donations...... $6 ,38 7.4 0 Legacies...... 638.60 L e g acy...... 200.00 From Sunday Schools and From Sunday Schools and Y. P. S. C. E ...... 4 7 6 .7 4 Y. P. S. C. E ...... 219 .0 0 Donations for Mission Work for Donations for Mission Work for W om en...... 4 ,8 27.36 W om en...... 3 .4 8 3 .X7 $17,175.27 $10 ,2 8 9 .5 7 Massachusetts Pennsylvania Donations...... $151,529 03 Legacies...... 107,604.14 Donations...... $ 3 ,3 1 9 .0 3 200.00 From Sunday Schools and L e g acy...... From Sunday Schools and Y. P. S. C. E ...... 3 ,5 8 3 51 Y. P. S. C. E ...... 83 53 Donations for Mission Work for Donations for Mission Work for Women (of which $16,620.69 Women (of which $803.87 is a are legacies)...... 7 9 .3 6 7 • 33 legacy)...... 1,4 6 7.0 8 $342,084.01 $5,0 6 9 .6 4 Rhode Island Donations...... $6 ,32 2 .0 5 M arylan d From Sunday Schools and Donations...... $ 1 0 8 .9 5 Y. P. S. C. E ...... 5 7 -8 5 From Sunday Schools and Donations for Mission Work for Y. P. S. C. E ...... 5 0 0 Women (of which $10.00 is a Donations for Mission Work for legacy)...... 6,487.46 W om en...... 20 6.60

$12 ,8 6 7 .3 6 $ 3 2 0 .5 5

•The donations for Mission Work for Women (excepting those from the Woman's Board for the Interior) are taken from Life and Light and differ somewhat from amounts in the Herald. 227 228 Donations

Virginia Mississippi Donations...... $125-00 Donations...... ' $ 4 1 .9 2 L e g a c y ...... 200.00 Donations for Mission Work for Donations for Mission Work for W om en...... 4 8 .12 56.0 0 $90 .0 4 $ 3 8 1.0 0 Louisiana West Virginia Donations...... $ 12 0 .5 3 D onations...... $ 6 1.0 7 From Sunday Schools and Donations for Mission Wprk for Y. P. S. C. E ...... 3 9 - 0 0 W om en...... 3.00 Donations for Mission Work for W om en...... 5 3 -7 0 $6 4 .0 7 ------District of Columbia $ 2 1 3 .2 3 D onations...... $ 2 ,0 9 9 .7 1 Tennessee From Sunday Schools and Donations...... 8 2 .3 7 Y. P. S. C. E ...... 1 1 6 .1 0 From Sunday Schools and Donations for Mission Work for Y. P. S. C. E ...... 2 1 .7 5 W om en...... 9 3 3 .3 8 Donations for Mission Work for W om en...... 1 3 4 -60 $ 3 ,1 4 9 .1 9 Delaware $ 2 3 8 .7 3 Donations...... $ 1 -7 7 Arkansas From Sunday Schools anl North Carolina Y. P. S. C. E ...... $2 5 .0 0 Donations ...... $ 18 9 .9 5 Donations for Mission Work for Donations for Mission Work for W om en...... 6 .2 5 W om en...... 15 .0 0 $ 3 1 - 2 5 $20 4 .9 5 Texas South Carolina D o n atio n s...... $ 4 2 4 -5 5 Donations...... $ 13 .0 0 L e g a c y ...... 200.00 From Sunday Schools and From Sunday Schools and Y. P. S. C. E ...... 1 . 00 Y. P. S. C. E ...... 2 1 .7 7 Donations for Mission Work for Donations for Mission Work for W om en...... 14 0 .9 2 W om en...... 36 6.0 0

$ 1 5 4 -9 2 $ 1 ,0 1 2 .3 2 Georgia Indiana Donations...... $ 3 7 4 - 1 4 Donations...... $7 2 0 .4 6 Donations for Mission Work for From Sunday Schools and W om en...... 239 .6 0 Y. P. S. C. E ...... 4 0 .0 5 Donations for Mission Work for $ 6 1 3 .7 4 W om en...... 1 ,3 5 6 .5 9 F lo rid a Donations...... $9 4 8.6 9 $ 2 , 1 1 7 .1 0 From Sunday Schools and K e n tu c k y Y. P. S. C. E ...... 4 5 .48 D onations...... $5 8 .0 0 Donations for Mission Work for Donations for Mission Work for W om en...... 3 8 0 .28 W om en...... 1 2 .5 0

$ 1 ,3 7 4 -4 5 $ 7 0 .5 0 Alabam a M issouri Donations...... $262.27 Donations...... $5 ,4 8 5 -2 6 From Sunday Schools and From Sunday Schools and Y. P. S. C. E ...... 24 .5 0 Y. P. S. C. E ...... 5 8 .8 1 Donations for Mission Work for Donations for Mission Work for W om en...... 132.9 1 W om en...... 6,48 4 .0 6

$ 4 19 .6 8 $ 1 2 ,0 2 8 .1 3 Donations 229

O h io N ebraska D onations...... $18,488.25 Donations...... $3,0 8 1.4 9 Legacies...... 1,5 9 6 .8 5 Le g ac y ...... 550.00 From Sunday Schools and From ” Sunday Schools and Y. P. S. C. E ...... 3 7 9 .8 4 Y. P. S. C. E ...... 3 0 2 .7 3 Donations for Mission Work for Donations for Mission Work for W om en...... 9 ,1 7 1 .2 0 W om en...... 3 ,0 11 .5 2

$ 2 9 ,6 3 6 .14 $ 6,9 4 5 • 7 4 Illin o is ' C alifo rn ia Donations...... $40,214.93 Donations...... $19,993.05 L egacies...... 1,0 6 5 .3 5 L e g ac y ...... 1,000.00 From Sunday Schools and From Sunday Schools and Y. P. S. C. E ...... 9 4 7 - 86 Y. P. S. C. E ...... 540.98 Donations for Mission Work for Donations for Mission Work for W om en...... 3 1.5 7 0 ,9 8 Women (of which $783.00, is a legacy)...... 1 3 ,4 2 7 .1 1 $ 7 3 ,7 9 9 - 1 2 M ic h ig a n $ 3 4 .9 6 1.14 D onations...... $9 ,5 8 3 .5 0 O regon Legacies...... 30 0.00 From Sunday Schools and D onation s...... $1,5 2 8 .5 0 From Sunday Schools and Y. P. S. C. E ...... 3 4 7 - 0 5 Y. P. S. C. E ...... 4 7 .7 6 Donations for Mission Work for Donations for Mission Work for W om en ...... 8,152.86 W om en...... 1,34 6 .76

$ 1 8 ,3 8 3 .4 1 $2,9 23.0 2 W isco n sin D onations...... $7,8 0 0 .39 C olorado Legacies...... 1,9 8 9 .8 0 Donations...... $ 2 .17 2 .0 9 From Sunday Schools and From Sunday Schools and Y. P. S. C. E ...... 30 3.0 0 Y. P. S. C. E ...... 130 .0 0 Donations for Mission Work for Donations for Mission Work for W om en...... 7 ,2 30 .4 0 W om en...... 3 ,1 3 7 -5 1

$ 5 ,4 3 9 .6 0 $ 1 7 ,3 2 3 .5 9 Io w a W ash in gto n Donations...... $10,129.66 Donations...... $4 ,8 2 2 .7 6 From Sunday. Schools and From Sunday Schools and Y. P. S. C. E ...... 39 2.9 8 Y . P. S. C . E ...... 1 5 7 .3 3 Donations for Mission Work for Donations for Mission Work for W om en...... 9,996.90 W om en...... 2 , 5 1 2 .1 1

$ 2 0 ,5 19 .5 4 $7,4 9 2.20 M in n e so ta North Dakota Donations...... $11,928.19 Donations...... $ 1 ,8 1 3 .0 5 Legacies...... 1,000.00 From Sunday Schools and From Sunday Schools and Y. P. S. C. E ...... 5 1 .0 6 Y. P. S. C. E ...... 254.6 6 Donations for Mission Work for Donations for Mission Work for W om en...... 680.03 W om en...... 7,9 0 1.70

$ 2 ,5 4 4 -1 4 $2 1,0 8 4 .5 5 K a n sa s South Dakota D onations...... $2 ,379 .0 9 Donations...... $1,3 9 0 .7 0 From Sunday Schools and From Sundefy Schools and Y. P. S. C. E ...... 15 5 -2 2 Y. P. S. C. E ...... 2 1 .9 4 Donations for Mission Work for Donations for Mission Work for W om en...... 3 ,2 9 0 .35 W om en...... 1,8 9 2 .2 5

$5,8 24 .6 6 $3,304.89 230 Donations

M ontana Canada D onations...... $ 2 2 6 .7 5 Province of Quebec Donations . . $1,804.00 From Sunday Schools and Province of Ontario Donations. .. 3,484.25 V. P. S. C. E ...... 7.0 0 Donations for Mission Work for Donations for Mission Work for W om en...... 1 ,2 3 2 .1 5 W om en...... 4 1.0 0 $6 ,520 .4 0 $ 2 7 4 -7 5 Hawaiian Islands W yoming Donations...... $9 ,3 9 2.20 Donations...... $2 6 2.0 9 From Sunday Schools and From Sunday Schools and Y. P. S. C. E ...... 150.00 Y. P. S. C. E ...... 2 .9 2 Donations for Mission Work for Donations for Mission Work for W om en...... 65.0 0 W om en...... 18 1.0 7 $9,6 0 7.20 $44 6.0 8 U tah Foreign Lands and Missionary Stations Donations...... $10 0 .5 0 From Sunday Schools and D onations...... $ 7 16 .8 7 Donations for Mission Work for Y. P. S. C .E ...... 3 - 4 5 Donations for Mission Work for W om en...... 3 5 7 .5 7 W om en...... 56.0 0 $ 1 ,0 7 4 - 4 4 $ 1 5 9 -9 5 Joint Campaign Fund Idaho From Joint Campaign Fund, by Donations...... $22 0 .6 0 Dr. Lucien C. Warner, Treas­ From Sunday Schools and urer...... $ 3 19 .6 8 Y. P. S. C. E ...... 20.00 Donations for Mission Work for Am erica W om en...... 12 5 .0 0 Donations from Friends, through $ 3 6 5 .6 0 Rev. J. S. Porter, for Austrian Arizona gospel halls and Y. M. C. A. Donations...... $6 16 .0 0 buildings, care Rev. J. S. Por­ From Sunday Schools and te r...... $ 1 ,0 0 0 .0 0 Y. P. S. C .E ...... 18 .0 5 From the American Missionary Association $ 6 3 4 .0 5 H. W. Hubbard, New York City, New Mexico treasurer, Income of A very Donations...... $ 3 7 .8 6 Fund, for missionary work in From Sunday Schools and A frica ...... $ 3 .9 3 2 .18 Y. P. S. C .E ...... 5 .0 0 Donations for Mission Work for Mindanao Medical Work W om en...... 1 6 .0 0 For Work in Mindanao...... $ 1,8 3 7 • 75 For salary of Dr. and Mrs. C. T. $58.86 Sibley...... J ,5 7 5 .0 0 Oklahoma For salary of nurse...... 750 00 Donations...... $ 2 3 5 .4 0 From Sunday Schools and $ 4 ,16 2 .7 5 Y. P. S. C. E ...... 5 00 Donations for Mission Work for Anatolia College Fund W om en...... 4 7 1 .2 7 Income to September 1, 1912, for Anatolia College, care Rev. G. $ 7 1 1 . 6 7 E . W h ite...... $ 5 9 1 -6 7 Nevada D on ation s...... $ 3 5 • 00 Prom Sunday Schools and From Income of D. Willis James Founda­ Y. P. S. C .E ...... 5 .9 7 tion and Income of Endowment for Donations for Mission Work for Higher Educational Institutions W om en / ...... 4 .0 0 For various higher educational institutions of the Board to $ 4 4 .9 7 September 1, 1912 ...... $54,056.18 Donations 231

Elisha D. Smith Fund Jaffna General Medical Mission Income to August 31, 19x2, for For expenses in part for Dr. T. B. salaries of teachers in Foochow Scott and family...... $ 12 2. ao College...... S i ,21 S. 3 9 Hollis Moore Memorial Fund Henry R. Adkins Fund Income for Pasumalai Seminary.. $300.00 Income to August 31, 19 12 ...... $ 1 2 . 1 5 Mission Scholarships Allen Memorial Fund Income of Norton Hubbard schol­ Interest to August 31, 19x2, for arship, for Ahmednagar Theo­ general w ork...... $ 19 4logical .4 6 Seminary, $ 5 5 ; income of Norman T. Leonard scholar­ ship, for student in Eastern Atterbury Fund Turkey, $60.50; income of the Income for education of students J. S. Judd Doshisha Scholarship in theological seminary, Tung- Fund, for support of teachers chow ...... $ 2 30 .9 2 in training pupils for native ministry, $55; M. W. Thomp­ C la rk F u n d son Fund, for education of stu­ Income to August 31, 1912, for dents in Turkey, S27.50; income native preacher in India $48.62 of Hugh Miller Scholarship, for Ahmednagar Theological Herbert R. Coffin Fund Seminary, $90.75...... $2 8 8 .7 5 For support native helpers in In d ia...... $ 2 3 5 .7 8 Foochow College Professorship Endowment For salary and other expenses of Miss W iley...... $6 15 .0 0 Susan B. Church Memorial Fund From Cong, ch., Littleton, N. H., William White Smith Fund for Sholapur station...... $ 7 .3 0 Income for education of native preachers and teachers in Africa $ 1,458.00 Charles E. Fowler Memorial Fund Income to August 31, 19 12 ...... $ 2 4 .3 1 Asa W. Kenney Fund Income for support of missionary Rogene T. Fulton Fund in activp service...... $ 1,924.86 For support of Bible-reader in In d ia...... $4 8 .6 2 Work in the Philippines For salaries of R ev. and Mrs. Glenbrook Missionary Society Fund R. F. Black. $ 1,2 0 0 .0 0 Union Memorial ch., Glenbrook. Conn., for two native workers Jaffna General Medical Mission Endow- in Ind ia...... $49 -46 j m en t ! For expenses in part for Dr. Scott Orilla C. Kellogg Fund I and family...... $ 3 7 8 .1 2 j Income to August 31, 1912, for support and education of native ; Rev. George A. Gordon Fund children...... $530 .2 0 i For special medical expenses of \ missionaries...... $48 - 62 W. W. Penfield Fund Albanian Work Income to August 31, 1912 ...... $ 4 .8 6 Salary of Rev. P. B. Kennedy, $924; salary of Rev. C. T. Albert Wentworth Fund Erickson, Si,390; general work Income to August 31, 19 12 ...... $4 8 .6 2 in Albania to June 30, 1912, $2,20 0 ...... $4 ,5 14 .0 0 Woman’s Medical Mission, Jaffna Toward salary of Dr. Curr, and Mills Memorial other expenses...... $ 1,0 3 4 .4 0 Income to August 31, 19 12 ...... $ 1 7 -5 0 232 Donations

Alden Memorial Fund Andrews Scholarship For evangelistic and educational Income for pupil in Gordon Theol. work in Madura Mission 5 4 9 7 • 5 9 Sem ...... $ 2 7 .5 0

Cutler Fund Montgomery Memorial Scholarship Fund Income to August 31, 19 12 ...... $ 2 4 .3 1 For Central Turkey College, care Miss E. M. Blakely...... $ 1 0 .1 7 Woman’s Medical Mission Endowment Toward salary of Dr. Curr and ex­ The Annie A. Gould Fund penses of McLeod Hospital.... $52.26 Income for education of Chinese girls in Paotingfu...... $ 8 5 .2 5 Medical Fund Income to provide for medical The Cornelia A. Allis Fund and surgical expenses of mis­ Income for support of pupil in sionaries ...... $ 4 5 9 •65 Madura, care Rev. J. E. Tracy.. $16.50

D. Miner Rogers Memorial Fund Income to August 3 1 , 1 9 1 2 ...... $ 10 .4 2 The Joanna Fisher White Scholarship Income fof Scholarship in girls’ Elizabeth Richards Wood Memorial boarding school, Marsovan ... $35 • 75 F u n d Income to August 31, 19 12 ...... $ 1 4 .5 8 Porter Scholarships Incom e...... $ 16 5 .0 0

Jane P. Williams Trust Fund Income to August 31. 19 12 ...... $8 25.0 0 Ann E. Shorey Fund For education of Ram Chundra From Income Sarah R. Sage Funds Shorey, care Mrs. M. L. Sibley $ 3 4 -3 7 Income for salary of F. A. Lom­ bard, 3 months’ int. on $15,000, Boys’ Academy Fund, Hadjin $182.31, and for support of na­ Income to August 31, 1912, care tive helper in Madura Mission, M iss O. M . V au gh an ...... $4 6 .9 5 3 months’ int. on $1,000, $12.15 $194.46

Marash Theological Seminary Fund From Income William F. Merrill Memorial Income to August 31. 1912 ...... $ 8 7 .5 1 F u n d Part income to August 31, 1912 $435.00 ¡ Marash Academy Endowment

Pasumalai Seminary Fund ' Income to August 31, 1912 ...... $ 10 8 .2 5 Interest to August 31. 19x2 ...... $ 12 6 .4 0 ¡ S. B. Poor Memorial Fund

North China College Endowment ! Income for Uduvil school for girls, Incom e...... $ 4 8 6 .15 j care Rev. James H. Dickson ... $243.08

Williams Hospital Endowment I Alice Julia Rice Memorial Fund Incom e ...... $ 1 4 5 .8 5 Income to August 31. 19x2, for maintenance of study in Do- Gordon Theological Seminary, Tungchow, shisha, care Rev. F. A. Lombard $19 .4 5 C h in a Incom e...... $6 6 6 .0 5 Satara Orphanage Fund Income to August 31, 1912, for Arts and Crafts Fund support of child in orphanage, For industrial work, Bombay ,.. $246.30 care Mrs. H. J. Bruce...... $ 2 3 .6 3

Deacon Gates Scholarship, Mardin High Benjamin Schneider Memorial Fund School, Turkey Income for training preachers in For work, care Rev. A. N. Andrus $55.00 Central Turkey ...... $ 9 5 -3 7 Donations 233

Dewey Scholarship i Washburn Scholarship l und Income to August 31, 1912, for ! Income for Pasumalai High support of pupil, care Mrs. S. S. j School...... $ 7 9 .5 0 D ew ey...... $ 1 4 .5 8 Jubilee Scholarship Fund C. F. Gates Mardin High School Scholar­ i Income for Pasumalai High sh ip j School...... $ 7 8 .1 2 Income for scholarship in Mardin High School...... $8 4.6 0 Harriet Hazen Scholarship Fund ! Income for Pasumalai Seminary . $19.45 Cyrus S. Richards Fund Income to August 31, 1Q12, Capron Scholarship Fund toward salary of president of Income for Pasumalai Seminary . $26.11 Anatolia College...... $ 14 0 .8 5 Albert Victor Hospital Endowment Fund

Mrs. D. K. Pearsons Memorial Fund Income to be sent to India for running expenses of hospital . . . S 2 7 5.5 0 For Anatolia College...... $ 2 ,4 3 0 .7 5

I S. M. Bingham Memorial Fund Atwater Memorial Fund Income for support of Hawaiian For support of school at Fenchow . $ 3 5 0 .5 7 ! or Gilbertese catechists in Gil- ! bert Islands...... $4 8 .6 2 A. A. Leonard Fund Income sent to Turkey...... So? . 35 Farrington Fund j Income for native helper, care Jeannie Grace Greenough Crawford Fund 1 Rev. C. S. Vaughan...... $ 6 6 .18 Income for education of girls in International Hospital Adana Fund Western Turkey, care Rev. L. S. Craw ford...... $5 5 .0 0 Income for hospital...... $14 0 .8 5

Kodaikanal School Endowment Thornton Bigelow Penfield Scholarship ! Income for school...... $ 12 8 .8 4 Income for students in Pasumalai Seminary, India...... '$ 2 7.5 0 Ackley Endowment j Income for hospital, We3t Central Turvanda Topalyan Scholarship ; A frica ...... S 12 .9 6 Income for education of poor vil­ lage girls, care Miss Virginia Blank Memorial Fund Billings...... $ 110 .0 0 I Income for scholarship, Anatolia i College...... $ 12 3 .6 0 Williams and Andrus Scholarship Income for pupils at Mardin, Burril Fund Eastern Turkey...... $ 7 7 .4 2 Income for medical work, care Dr. C. D. Ussher...... $ 1 6 .2 1 Capron Hall Ives Scholarship i For Capron Hall, care Miss M. T. Dnyanodaya Endowment Fund N o ye s...... $ 110 .0 0 I Income to August 31, 1912 ...... $ 1 . 3 2 | A. Lewis Hill Endowment American College, Madura Endowment i Income for bed in Foochow Hospi­ Income to August 31. 1912. for ta l...... $ 16 .2 0 college, care R ev. W . M . Zum - b ro...... $ 2 4 .3 1 Income St. Paul’s Institute | Income for work in St. Paul’s Marash Theological Seminary Library : Institute...... S 4 .574 .6 1 Income to August 3ii 1912 ...... $ 7 2 .9 2 ■ Marian Elwood Scholarship Welch Scholarship Fund j Income for pupil, care Rev. W. P. Income for Pasumalai Seminary - $18.91 Elw ood...... $ 1 8 .3 3 234 Donations

Income Atherton Fund T o ta l Toward new building, Donations...... $520,892.19 care Rev. Arthur H. Legacies, as above, I171.075.85 Sm ith ...... $500.00 (of which $12,120.75 carried to For uses in Tungchow Twentieth Century Fund) 158,955.10 College, care Rev. D. Z. From Sunday Schools and Sheffield...... $20 0.00 Y. P. S. C. E ...... 12 ,6 8 1.0 3 For work, care Rev. C. A. Donations for Mission Work for C la rk ...... S200.00 Women as above, $276,837.84 • For work, care Dr. F. D. (of which $22,894.63 are from Shepard...... $200.00 legacies), the difference being For work, care Rev. C. A. explained on page 227 ...... 284,801.69 N elson...... $200.00 Income of funds...... 51,39 0 .0 2 For work, care Rev. J. S. Interest on General Permanent Chandler...... $ 100.00 F u n d ...... 22,0 64.99 For work, care Rev. F. B. Bridgm an...... $10 0 .0 0 Total receipts...... $1,050,785.02 ------$1,50 0 .0 0 Receipts of the Board 2 35

RECEIPTS OF THE BOARD

The following table exhibits the income of the Board from all sources since its organization.

For the year ending For the year ending 1 8 1 1 ...... August 31, 1862 S339.080.56 1 8 1 2 ...... 1863 3 9 7.0 79 .71 1 8 1 3 ...... 1864 53 1.9 8 5 .6 7 1 8 1 4 ...... 1865 5 3 4 .7 6 3 .3 3 1 8 1 5 ...... 1866 446 ,9 4 2 -4 4 1 8 1 6 ...... 12 ,5 0 1.0 3 1867 4 37.8 8 4 .77 1 8 1 7 ...... 1868 535.8 38.6 4 1 8 1 8 ...... 3 4 .7 2 7.7 2 1869 525.214 .9 5 1 8 1 9 ...... 37,52 0 .6 3 1870. 4 6 1,0 58 .42 18 2 0 ...... 3 9 ,9 4 9 -4 5 18 71 429,160.60 1 8 2 1 ...... 1872 4 4 5 ,8 24 .2 3 1 8 2 2 ...... 60,087.87 18 73. 4 3 1.8 4 4 .8 1 1 8 2 3 ...... 5 5 ,7 5 8 .9 4 1874. 4 7 8 .2 5 6 .5 1 18 2 4 ...... 4 7 ,4 8 3 ■ 58 18 75. 4 76,0 28.19 1 8 2 5 ...... 1876 465,442.40 18 2 6 ...... 6 1,6 16 . 25 18 77. 4 4 1,3 9 1.4 5 1 8 2 7 ...... 1878 482,20 4 .73 18 2 8 ...... 102,009.64 1879. 518.38 6 .0 6 18 2 9 ...... 106,928.26 1880 613.539.51 18 3 0 ...... 83,019.37 1881 6 9 1,2 4 5 -16 1 8 3 1 ...... 1882 6 5 1.9 76 .8 4 1 8 3 2 ...... 1 3 0 ,5 7 4 -1 2 1883 5 9 0 .9 9 5 .6 7 1 8 3 3 ...... 1884 5 8 8 .3 5 3 .5 1 18 3 4 ...... 1885 6 2 5,8 3 2 .5 4 Ju ly 1 8 3 5 ...... 1886 6 5 8 ,7 5 4 -4 2 18 3 6 ...... 1887 6 7 9 ,5 7 3 .7 9 1 8 3 7 ...... 252,0 76 .55 1888 6 6 5 ,7 12 .2 1 18 3 8 ...... 1889 6 8 5 .1 1 1 .3 3 18 3 9 ...... 244,169.82 1890, 7 6 2 ,58 5 .6 3 18 4 0 ...... 2 4 1,6 9 1.0 4 1891 8 24 ,32 5.50 1 8 4 1 ...... 1892 840.804.72 18 4 2 ...... 1893. 6 79 ,285.9 4 18 4 3 ...... 24 4,254-43 “ 1894. 7 0 5 ,13 2 .70 18 4 4 ...... 2 3 6 ,3 9 4 -3 7 1895. 7 16 ,8 3 7 .1 7 18 4 5 ...... 2 5 5 ,112 .9 6 1896 7 4 3 ,10 4 .5 9 1846 26 2,0 73.55 1897. 6 4 2.78 1.0 7 1 8 4 7 ...... 2 11,4 0 2 .7 6 1898. 687,208.98 18 4 8 ...... 1899. 644.200.89 18 4 9 ...... 1900 7 3 7 ,9 5 7 .3 0 1850 ...... 2 5 1,8 6 2 .2 1 “ 19 0 1. 6 9 7 .3 7 0 .9 0 1 8 5 1 ...... 274,90 2.28 1902, 8 4 5 .10 5.8 5 18 52 ...... 301,732.20 1903. 7 4 0 ,7 7 7 17 1 8 5 3 ...... 1904. 72 5 .315 -9 0 1 8 5 4 ...... 190 5. 7 5 2 .1 4 9 -7 5 1 8 5 5 ...... 1906 9 1 3 .1 5 9 -6 4 18 5 6 ...... 30 7,318 .6 9 190 7. 920.384-09 1 8 5 7 ...... 388,932.6 9 " 1908, 8 3 7 ,9 9 9 15 18 5 8 ...... 1909. 9 5 3 ,5 7 3 -6 9 18 5 9 ...... 3 5 0 ,9 1 5 .4 5 19 10 . 995.414.36 18 6 0 ...... “ 1 9 1 1 . 1 ,0 3 2 .0 2 5 -7 5 August 3 1 . 1 8 6 1 ...... “ 19 12 . £.062,442,98 236 Places of Meeting

PLACES OF MEETING AND PREACHERS

Year Place of Meeting Preacher Text 1810 Farmington ...... *N o Sermon 1 8 1 1 W orcester...... 18 12 H artford...... 18 13 Boston...... John x, 16 18 14 N ew H a ve n ...... Ephesians iii, 8 18 15 Salem ...... Psalm xcvi, 10 1816 Hartford ...... Psalm cxix, 96 18 17 Northampton...... 1 Corinthians i, 21 18 18 N ew H aven ...... Acts viii, 30, 31 18 19 Boston...... Isaiah lviii, 12 1820 H artford ...... Mark xvi, is 18 2 1 Springfield...... Psalm ii, 8 18 22 N ew H a ve n ...... Malachi i, 11 18 23 Boston...... Nehemiah vi, 3 18 24 H artford...... Galatians i, 15 , 16 18 2 5 Northampton...... John viii, 32 1826 Middletown...... Matthew xxviii, 18, 20 18 2 7 N ew Y o rk ...... Luke xi, 21; Rev., etc. 1828 Philadelphia...... 2 Corinthians x, 4 1829 A lb a n y ...... A ct xi, 18 1830 B oston...... Matthew ix, 37, 38 18 3 1 N ew H aven ...... Isaiah lxii, 1, 2 18 32 N ew Y o rk ...... John viii, 36 18 3 3 Philadelphia...... 2 Corinthians x, 4 18 34 U tic a ...... Matthew x, 6 18 3s Baltim ore...... Numbers xiv, 21 1836 H artford...... Matthew x, 8 18 37 N ew ark ...... Acts iv, 12 1838 P ortland...... Psalm cii, 13-16 1839 T r o y ...... Isaiah xi, 9 1840 Providence...... Psalm lxxii, 17 18 4 1 Philadelphia...... Zechariah iv, 9 1842 N orw ich ...... *William R. De Witt, D.D ...... 2 Corinthians v, 14 1843 R ochester...... Philippians iii, 13 1844 W orcester...... Luke xiv, 28-32 184 s Brooklyn...... *Mark Hopkins. D .D ...... Psalm lv, 22 1846 N ew H aven ...... 1 Samuel vii, 12 1847 B uffalo...... Isaiah xxxii, 15 1848 B oston...... *Isaac Ferris, D .D ...... Matthew vi, 10 1849 Pittsfield...... Daniel vii, 27 1850 O swego...... *Richard S. Storrs, D.D ...... 1 Corinthians xv, 58 18 5 1 P ortlan d...... *David H. Riddle, D.D ...... Isaiah xli, 14, is 18 52 T r o y ...... 2 Corinthians v, 7 18 5 3 Cincinnati...... Matthew xiii, 38 18 54 H artford...... Matthew vi, 10 18 55 U tic a ...... Galatians ii, 20 1856 N ew ark ...... 1 Timothy I, IS 18 57 Providence...... Matthew xxviii, 20 1858 D etroit...... Luke xi, 41 1859 Philadelphia...... Matthew xiii, 33 i860 B oston...... Isaiah xiv, 1-6; xliii, 21 1861 Cleveland...... 1 Corinthians, i, 28 1862 Springfield...... John xvii, 20, 21

♦Deceased. Places of Meeting 237

Year Place of Meeting Preacher Text 1863 Rochester..,...... *Elisha L. Cleveland, D.D ...... Luke xxiv, 45-47 1864 Worcester...... * Jonathan B. Condit. D.D ...... Philippians ii, is, 16 186s Chicago...... *Edward N. Kirk, D.D ...... 2 Corinthians v, 7 1866 Pittsfield...... *Laurens P. Hickok, D.D ...... Philippians ii, 10, 11 1867 Buffalo...... *Joseph P. Thompson, D.D John i, 4 1868 Norwich ...... *Henry A. Nelson, D .D ...... John xii, 32 1869 Pittsburg...... *John Todd, D.D ...... Malachii, 11 1870 Brooklyn...... *Jonathan F. Steams, D.D Matthew xxviii, 18-20 18 7 1 Salem ...... *Truman M. Post, D .D ...... Mark x, 4s 1872 New Haven ...... *Samuel C. Bartlett. D .D ...... 1 Corinthians ii, 1-5 1873 Minneapolis...... * Julius H. Seelye, D .D ...... Romans iv. 25 1874 Rutland ...... *Henry M. Scudder, D .D ...... Romans x, 14, is 1875 Chicago...... *Israel W. Andrews, D.D ...... Romans i, 14 1876 Hartford...... * William M. Taylor, D .D ...... Ezekiel xlvii, 9 1877 Providence...... *James H. Fairchild, D .D ...... I John iv, ao 1878 Milwaukee...... *Henry H. Jessup, D .D ...... Address 1879 Syracuse...... *George F. Magoun, D .D ...... Matthew xxviii, 18, 19 1880 Lowell...... *Jacob M. Manning, D.D Revelation xxi, 1 1881 St. Louis...... *A. J. F. Behrends, D.D ...... Luke xiv, 28, 30 1882 Portland...... *Edward P. Goodwin, D D Acts xiii, 2 1883 Detroit...... *WilIiam M. Barbour, D.D Mark xii, 31 1884 Columbus...... * Aaron L. Chapin, D.D ...... Acts xx, 24 1885 Boston...... ,*George Leon Walker, D.D Hebrews xi, 13, 39, 40 1886 Des Moines...... *John L. Withrow, D.D ...... Acts xxvi, 17, 18 1887 Springfield...... Frederick A. Noble, D .D ...... L u k e xi, 2 1888 Cleveland...... *Henry Hopkins, D .D ...... John xiv, 6; Eph. r, 23 1889 New York ...... Lewellyn Pratt, D.D ...... John xx, 21-23 1890 Minneapolis...... Arthur Little, D .D ...... John xii, 24 1891 Pittsfield...... *Edw in B. W ebb, D .D ...... 1 Corinthians iii, 9 1892 Chicago...... *Daniel March, D.D ...... Matthew xxi, 5 1893 Worcester...... Albert J. Lyman, D.D ...... 1 Corinthians ix, 19-23 1894 Madison...... *T. Eaton Clapp, D. D ...... Acts xi, 18 T89S Brooklyn...... George A. Gordon, D.D 1 Corinthians ii, 2 1896 Toledo...... Edward N. Packard, D.D Acts 11, 14-18 1897 New Haven ...... Nehemiah Boynton, D.D John xxi, 17 1898 Grand Rapids...... R. R. Meredith, D.D...... Luke iv, 18 1899 Providence...... *George C. Adams, D.D ...... John x, 10 1900 St. Louis...... Edward C. Moore, D .D ...... 1 Kings xix, 7 1901 Hartford...... Edward D . Eaton, D .D ...... M atthew xi, 4. 5 1902 Oberlin...... Newell D. Hillis, D.D ...... Matt, xiii, 33; Mark vii, 24 1903 Manchester...... *Williard G. Sperry, D.D ...... Revelation xiv, 1 1904 Grinnell...... *Reuen Thomas, D.D ...... 2 Corinthians vi, 11-13 1905 Seattle...... Rev. Joseph H. Twichell...... Romans i, 14 1906 Williamstown and North A d am s...... *George A. Gates, D .D ...... 2 Corinthians v, 14 1907 Cleveland, uniting with the National Congregational Council in the Sermon by George A. Gordon, D.D. 1908 Brooklyn...... Charles S. Mills, D.D ...... Job xxiii, 3: John xiv, 9 1909 Minneapolis...... Washington Gladden, D.D Isaiah lx, 4-5 1910 Boston, uniting with the National Congregational Council in the Sermon by W. Douglas Mackenzie, D.D. 1911 Milwaukee...... Arthur H. Smith, D.D ...... Isaiah xiv, 23 1912 Portland...... Watson L. Phillips, D .D ...... John xiii, 13; Luke vi. 46

♦Deceased 238 Missionaries of the Board

MISSIONARIES OF THE BOARD

The following list presents the names of missionaries now in connection with the Board in the field, or expecting to return, giving the year in which they went out, the missions and stations with which they are connected, but not in all cases their Post-Office addresses. These Post-Office addresses are given in the Amer­ ican Board Almanac.

South Africa Mission Missionaries Went Out Rev. John P. Dysart, Chikore, 1910 ZULU BRANCH Mrs. Bertha F. Dysart, 1910 Sidney F. Dart, Mt. Silinda, 1911 Missionaries Weni Out Mrs. Clara M. Dart, 1911 Rev. Stephen C. Pixley, Inanda, x8 S 5 Mrs. Laura B. Bridgman, Durban, i860 West Central Africa Mission Mrs. Mary K. Edwards, Inanda, 1868 Miss Martha E. Price, Inanda, 1877 Rev. William H. Sanders, Kamundongo, 1880 Rev. Herbert D. Goodenough, Adams, 1881 Mrs. Sarah Bell Sanders. 1888 Miss Fidelia Phelps, Inanda, 1884 Rev. Wesley M. Stover, Bailundo, 1882 Rev. Charles N. Ransom, Adams, 1890 Mrs. Bertha D. Stover, 1882 Mrs. Susan H. C. Ransom, 1890 Mrs. Marion M. Webster, Bailundo, 1887 Rev. George B. Cowles, Jr., Adams, 1893 Rev. Thomas W. Woodside, Ochileso, 1888 Mrs. Amy Bridgman Cowles, 1893 Mrs. Emma D. Woodside, 1888 Miss Laura C. Smith, Umzumbe, 1893 Miss Helen J. Melville, Chisamba, 1893 Rev. Frederick B. Bridgman, Durban, 1897 Miss Margaret W. Melville, Chisamba, 189s Mrs. Clara Davis Bridgman, 1897 Miss Sarah Stimpson, Kamundongo, 1898 James B. McCord, M. D., Durban, 1899 Miss Emma C. Redick, Ochileso, 1900 Mrs. Margaret M. McCord, 1899 Miss Diadem Bell, Chisamba, 1902 Rev. James D. Taylor, Impolweni, 1899 Miss Elisabeth B. Campbell, Bailundo, 1902 Mrs. Katherine M. Taylor, 1899 Rev. Merlin Ennis, Chiyaka (Sachikela) 1903 Rev. Albert E. LeRoy, Adams, 1901 Mrs. Elisabeth R. Ennis, 1907 Mrs. Rhoda A. LeRoy, 1901 Rev. Henry A. Neipp, Ochileso, 1904 Miss Caroline E. Frost, Adams, 1901 Mrs. Frederica L. Neipp, 1904 Rev. Charles H. Maxwell, Esidumbini, 1906 Miss Nellie J. Arnott, Kamundongo, 190s Mrs. Katherine S. Maxwell, 1906 William Cammack, M. D., Chisamba, 1906 Rev. Henry A. Stick, Adams, 1912 Mrs. Libbie S. Cammack, M. D., 1906 Mrs. Bertha H. Stick, 1912 Rev. William C. Bell, Bailundo, 1907 Rev. W. M. Onslow-Carleton, Ifafa, 1913 Mrs. Lena H. Bell, 1907 Mrs. Geraldine O. Carleton, 1913 Miss Helen H. Stover, Bailundo, 1908 Miss Evelyn F. Clarke, Adams, 1912 Henry S. Hollenbeck, M. D., Kamun­ Miss Edithe A. Conn, Umzumbe, 1912 dongo, 1909 Janette E. Miller, Ochileso, 1910 RHODESIA BRANCH Robert G. Moffatt, M. D., Chiyaka, (Sachikela), 1911 Rev. George A. Wilder, Chikore, 1880 Mrs. Mary Moffatt, 1911 Mrs. Alice C. Wilder, 1880 Rev. John T. Tucker, Chisamba, 1913 William L. Thompson, M. D., Mt. Mrs. Mabel L. Tucker, 1913 Silinda, 1891 Fred E. Stokey, M. D., Bailundo, 1913 Mrs. Mary E. Thompson, 1888 Mrs. Mabel W. Stokey, 1912 Miss H. Juliette Gilson, Mt. Silinda, 1896 L. Gordon Cattell, Chisamba, 1912 William T. Lawrence, M. D., Mt. Silinda, 1900 Mrs. Florence E. Lawrence, 1900 European Turkey Mission Columbus C. Fuller, Mt. Silinda, 1902 Mrs. Julia B. Fuller, 1902 Rev. James F. Clarke, Sofia, 1859 Rev. Thomas King, Chikore, 1905 Rev. George D. Marsh, Philippopolis, 1872 Mrs. Estelle R. King, 190s Mrs. Ursula C. Marsh, 1868 Miss Minnie Clarke, Mt. Silinda, 1907 Rev. John W. Baird, Samokov, 1872 Arthur J. Omer, Mt. Silinda, 1909 Mrs. Ellen R. Baird, 1870 Mrs. Dorothy E. Orner, 1912 Rev. J. Henry House, Salonica, 1872 Missionaries of the Board 239

Missionaries Went Out Missionaries Went Out Mrs. Addie B. House, 1872 Mrs. Henrietta W. Macallum, 1890 Rev. Robert Thomson, Samokov, 1881 Rev. Alexander MacLachlan, Smyrna, 1890 Mrs. Agnes C. Thomson, 188 r Mrs. Rose H. MacLachlan, 1891 Miss Mary L. Matthews, Monastir, 1888 Rev. Henry K. Wingate, Cesarea, 1893 Miss Mary M. Haskell, Samokov, 1890 Mrs. Jane C. Wingate, 1887 Rev. William P. Clarke, Monastir, 1891 Miss Annie M. Barker, Constantinople. 1894 Mrs. Martha G. Clarke, 1900 Miss Ilse C. Pohl, Smyrna, 1894 Rev. Edward B. Haskell, Salónica, 1891 Miss Charlotte R. Willard, Marsovan, 1897 Mrs. Elisabeth F. Haskell, 1904 Miss Minnie B. Mills, Smyrna, 1897 Miss Agnes M. Baird, Samokov, 1898 Miss Mary E. Kinney, Adabazar, 1899 Miss Elizabeth C. Clarke, Sofia, 1899 Rev. Ernest C. Partridge, Sivas, 1900 Rev. Theodore T. Holway, Sofia, 1901 Mrs. Winona G. Partridge, 1900 Mrs. Elizabeth H. Holway, 1901 Rev. Charles T. Riggs, Constantinople, 1900 Rev. Leroy F. Ostrander, Samokov, 1902 Mrs. Mary R. Riggs, 1900 Mrs. Mary L. Ostrander, 1902 Miss Mary I. Ward, Marsovan, 1900 Miss Inez L. Abbott, Samokov, 1907 Miss Mary L. Graffam, Sivas, 1901 Rev. Phineas B. Kennedy, Kortcha, 1907 Miss Stella N. Loughridge. Cesarea. 1901 Mrs. Violet B. Kennedy, 1907 Miss Adelaide S. Dwight, Cesarea, 1902 Rev. Charles T. Erickson, Elbasan, 1908 Miss Susan W. Orvis, Cesarea, 1902 Mrs. Mary E. Erickson, 1908 Charles Ernest Clark, M. D., Sivas, 1903 Rev. Wm. C. Cooper, Salónica, 1909 Mrs. Ina V. Clark, 1903 Mrs. Eugenia R. Cooper. 1912 Dana K. Getchell, Marsovan, 1903 Miss Delpha Davis, Monastir, 1911 Mrs. Susan Riggs, Getchell 1892 Miss Edith L. Douglass, Samokov, 1911 Miss Annie T. Allen, Brousa, 1903 Rev. Lyle D. Woodruff, Philippopolis, 1911 Samuel L. Caldwell, Smyrna, 1903 Mrs. Alma S. Woodruff, 1911 Mrs. Carrie B. Caldwell, 1903 Rev. Reuben H. Markham, Samokov, 1912 Rev. Herbert M. Irwin, Cesarea, 1903 Mrs. Mary G. Markham, 1912 Mrs. Genevieve D. Irwin, 1903 Miss Nina E. Rice, Sivas, 1903 Western Turkey Mission Miss Jeannie L. Jillson, Smyrna, 1904 Rev. Charles K. Tracy, Smyrna, 1904 Rev. Henry T. Perry, Sivas, 1866 Mrs. May S. Tracy, 1904 Mrs. Mary H. Perry, 1892 Rev. Theodore A. Elmer, Marsovan, 1905 Rev. Henry S. Bamum, Constantinople, 1867 Mrs. Henrietta M. Elmer, 1905 Mrs. Helen P. Bamum, 1869 Miss Mary C. Fowle, Sivas, 1906 Rev. Charles C. Tracy, Marsovan, 1867 Alden R. Hoover, M. D., Cesarea, 1906 Mrs. Myra P. Tracy, 1867 Mrs. Esther F. Hoover, 1906 Rev. Edward Riggs, Smyrna, 1869 Miss Clara C. Richmond, Cesarea, 1909 Mrs. Sarah H. Riggs, 1869 Jesse K. Marden, M. D., Marsovan, 1910 Miss Mary M. Patrick, Constantinople, 1871 Mrs. Lucy H. Marden, 1904 Mrs. Sarah S. Smith, Marsovan, 1874 Miss Nellie A. Cole, Trebizond, 1911 Rev. James L. Fowle, Cesarea, 1878 Rev. Charles H. Holbrook, Sivas, 1911 Mrs. Caroline P. Fowle, 1878 Rev. Ernest Pye, Marsovan, 1911 Rev. Robert Chambers, Bardezag, 1879 Mrs. De Etta Pye, 1911 Mrs. Elizabeth L. Chambers, 1879 Rev. Arthur C. Ryan, Constantinople, 1911 Rev. Lyndon S. Crawford, Trebizond, 1879 Mrs. Edith H. Ryan, 1911 Mrs. Olive T. Crawford, 1881 Rev. Samuel R. Harlow, Smyrna, 1912 Miss Fannie E. Burrage, Cesarea, 1880 Mrs. Marion S. Harlow, 1912 William W. Peet, Constantinople, 1881 Rev. Cass A. Reed, Smyrna, 1912 Mrs. Martha H. Peet, 1881 Miss Edith F. Parsons, Brousa, 1912 Mrs. Etta D. Marden, Constantinople, 1881 Miss Isabella F. Dodd. Constantinople. 1882 Central Turkey Mission Miss Emily McCallum, Smyrna, 1883 Miss Ida W. Prime, Constantinople, 1884 Mrs. Margaret R. Trowbridge, Aintab, 1861 Rev. James P. McNaughton, Smyrna, 1887 Rev. Thomas D. Christie, Tarsus, 1877 Mrs. Rebecca G. McNaughton, 1885 Mrs. Carmelite B. Christie, 1877 Rev. George E. White, Marsovan, 1890 Rev. William N. Chambers, Adana, 1879 Mrs. Esther B. White, 1890 Mrs. Cornelia P. Chambers, 1879 Miss Anna B. Jones, Constantinople, 1890 Miss Ellen M. Blakely, Marash, 1885 Rev. Frederick W. Macallum, Constan­ Miss Elizabeth S. Webb, Adana, 1886 tinople, 1890 Miss M ary G. Webb, Adana, 1890 240 Missionaries of the Board

Missionaries Went Out Missionaries Went Out Miss Effie M. Chambers, Kessab, 1893 Mrs. Jane T. Yarrow, 1904 Miss Lucile Foreman, Aintab, 1894 Miss Diantha L. Dewey, Mardin, 190s Rev. John E. Merrill, Aintab, 1898 Rev. Richard S. M. Emrich, Mardin, 190s Mrs. Isabel Trowbridge, Merrill, 1900 Mrs. Jeannette W. Emrich, 1905 Miss Annie E. Gordon, Marash, 190 1 Miss E. Gertrude Rogers, Van, 1907 Miss Olive M. Vaughan, Hadjin, 1904 Rev. Harrison A. Maynard, Bitlis, 1908 Miss Isabella M. Blake, Aintab, 1905 Mrs. Mary W. Maynard, 1908 Miss Harriet C. Norton, Aintab, 1905 Miss Eunice N. Atkins, Erzroom, 1908 Rev. Fred F. Goodsell, Marash, 1907 Miss Ellen W. Catlin, Harpoot, 1908 Mrs. Lulu C. S. Goodsell, 1907 Miss Caroline Silliman, Van, 1908 Miss Alice C. Bewer, Aintab, 1907 Rev. Ernest W. Riggs, Harpoot, 1910 Mrs. Mary P. Rogers, Tarsus, 1908 Mrs. Alice S. Riggs, 1910 Miss Kate E. Ainslie, Marash, 1908 Rev. Edward P. Case, M. D., Erzroom, 1911 Miss Sara Louise Peck, Adana, 1908 Mrs. Florence F. Case, 1911 Rev. Harold I. Gardner, Hadjin 1908 Miss Isabelle Harley, Harpoot, 1911 Mrs. Emily Richter Gardner, 1908 Miss Dora J. Mattoon, Harpoot, 1911 Fred D. Shepard, M. D., Aintab, 1910 Miss Rachel B. North, Mardin, 1911 Mrs. Fanny P. Shepard, 1910 Miss Vina M. Sherman, Erzroom, 1912 Miss Caroline F. Hamilton, M. D., Aintab, 1910 Miss Mary D. Uline, Bitlis, 1912 Miss Edith Cold, Hadjin, 19 10 Cyril F. Haas, M. D., Adana, 1910 M arathi Mission Mrs. Ruth Haas, 19 10 Mrs. Hepzibah P. Bruce, Panchgani, 1862 Rev. Francis H. Leslie, Aintab, 1911 Mrs. Mary C. Winsor, Sirur, 1870 Rev. John C, Martin, Aintab, 1 9 1 1 Rev. Robert A. Hume, Admednagar, 1874 Mrs. Mary I. Martin, 1 9 1 1 Mrs. Kate F. Hume, 1882 Luther R. Fowle, Aintab, 19 12 Rev. William Q. Ballantine, M. D., Mrs. Helen C. Fowle, 1911 Rahuri, 187s Rev. Edward C. Woodley, Marash, 1912 Mrs. Josephine L. Ballantine, 1885 Mrs. Edythe A. Woodley, 1912 Rev. Lorin S. Gates, Sholapur, 1875 Miss C. Grace Towner, Adana, 19 1 2 Mrs. Frances H. Gates, 1875 Rev. Henry Fairbank, Ahmednagar, 1886 Eastern Turkey Mission Mrs. Mary E. Fairbank, 1894 Mrs. Mary E. Barnum, Harpoot, 1859 Mrs. Minnie L. Sibley, Wai, 1886 Rev. Alpheus N. Andrus, Mardin, 1868 Miss Emily R. Bissali, Ahmednagar. 1886 Mrs. Olive L. Andrus, 1868 Miss Anna L. Millard, Bombay, 1887 Miss Charlotte E. Ely, Bitlis, 1868 Miss Jean P. Gordon, Wai, 1890 Miss Mary A. C. Ely, Bitlis, 1868 Miss Belle Nugent, Satara, 1890 Rev. George C. Raynolds, M. D., Van, 1869 Mrs. Theo K. Bissell, Ahmednagar, 1892 Mrs. Martha W. Raynolds, 1869 Rev. Edward Fairbank, Vadala, 1893 Daniel M. B. Thom, M. D., Mardin, . 1874 Mrs. Mary A. Fairbank, 1893 Mrs. Helen M. Thom, 1886 Miss Esther B. Fowler, Sholapur, 1893 Rev. John K. Browne, Harpoot. 1875 Miss Mary B. Harding, Sholapur, 1897 Mrs. Leila K. Browne, 1876 Rev. William Hazen, Sholapur, 1900 Mrs. Seraphina S. Dewey, Mardin, 1877 Mrs. Florence Hartt Hazen, 1900 Miss Mary L. Daniels. Harpoot, 1885 Lester H. Beals, M. D., Wai, 1902 Rev. George P. Knapp, Bitlis, 1890 Mrs. Rose Fairbank Beals, M. D., 190s Mrs. Anna J. Knapp, 1890 Mrs. Hannah Hume Lee, Satara, 1903 Miss Johanna L. Graf, Mardin, 1894 Miss Ruth P. Hume, M. D., Ahmednagar, 1903 Rev. Robert S. Stapleton, Erzroom 1897 Rev. Alden H. Clark, Ahmednagar, 1904 Mrs. Ida S. Stapleton, M. D., 1898 Mrs. Mary W. Clark, 1904 Rev. Clarence D. Ussher, M. D., Van, 1898 Miss Edith Gates, Ahmednagar, 1905 Mrs. Elizabeth B. Ussher, 1899 Miss Mary E. Stephenson, M. D., Ahmed­ Miss Grissell M. MacLaren, Van, 1900 nagar, 1906 Henry H. Atkinson, Mi D., Harpoot, 1901 Rev. Robert Ernest Hume, Bombay, 1907 Mrs. Tacy A. Atkinson, 1901 Mrs. Laura .C. Hume, 1907 Miss Agnes Fenenga, Mardin, 1901 Charles H. Burr, Ahmednagar, 1907 Miss Mary W. Riggs, Harpoot, 1902 Mrs. Annie H. Burr, 1907 Rev. Henry H. Riggs, Harpoot, 1902 Miss Clara H. Bruce, Ahmednagar, 1907 Mrs. Emma M. Riggs,. 1889 David C. Churchill, Ahmednagar, 1907 Rev. Ernest A. Yarrow, Van, 1904 Rev. Arthur A. McBride, Sholapur, 1908 Missionaries of the Board 241

Missionaries Went Out ; Missionaries Went Out Mrs. Elizabeth H. McBride, 1907 i Mrs. Mary E. Scott, M. D.. 1893 Miss Elizabeth Johnson, Ahmednagar, 1908 I Miss Isabella H. Curr, M. D., Mane- Miss Gertrude Harris, Ahmednagar, 1910 ! pay, 1896 Rev. Edward W. Felt. Vadala, 1911 \ Rev. Giles G. Brown, Vaddukkoddai, 1899 Miss Louise M. Wheeler, Sholapur, 19 11 Mrs. Clara L. Brown, 1899 Rev. Richard S. Rose, Sholapur, 19 12 Rev. James H. Dickson, Tellippallai, 1900 Miss A. Eleanor Franzen, Bombay, 19 12 Mrs. Frances A. Dickson, 1900 Miss M. Clara Proctor, M. D., Ahmed- W. E. Hitchcock, Valvettiturai, 1908 nagar, 19 12 Mrs. Hattie H. Hitchcock, 1908 Arthur A. Ward, M&nepay, 1910 Madura Mission Mrs. Alice B. Ward, 1910 Rev. Hervey C. Hazen, Tirumangalam, 1867 Miss Lulu G. Bookwalter, Manepay, 1911 Rev. John S. Chandler, Madura, 18 73 Miss Minnie K. Hastings, Manepay, 1912 Mrs. Henrietta S. Chandler, 1877 Rev. James E. Tracy, Kodaikanal, 1877 Foochow Mission Mrs. Fannv S. Tracy, 1877 Rev. Joseph E. Walker, Shaowu, 1872 Rev. John P. Jones, Pasumalai, 1878 Henry T. Whitney, M. D., Inghok, 1877 Mrs. Sarah A. Jones, 1878 Mrs. Lurie Ann Whitney, 1877 Miss Eva M. Swift, Madura, 1884 Miss Elsie M. Garretson, Ponasang, 1880 Rev. James C. Perkins, Dindigul, 1885 Rev. George H. Hubbard, Pagoda, 1884 Mrs. Lucy C. Perkins, 1904 Mrs. Nellie L. Hubbard, 1884 Miss Mary M. Root, Madura, 1887 Miss Kate C. Woodhull, M. D., Pona­ Rev. Frank Van Allen, M. D., Madura, 1888 sang, 1884 Rev. Franklin E. Jeffery, Aruppukottai, 1890 Miss Hannah C. Woodhull, Ponasang, 1884 Mrs. Capitola M. Jeffery, 1890 Rev. Lyman P. Peet, Foochow, 1888 Rev. Edward P. Holton, Melur, 1891 Mrs. Caroline K. Peet, 1887 Mrs. Gertrude M. Holton, 1894 Hardman N. Kinnear, M. D., Foochow, 1889 Rev. Willis P. Elwood, Manamadura, 1891 Mrs. Ellen J. Kinnear, 1893 Mrs. Agnes A. Elwood, 18 9 1 Edward L. Bliss, M. D., Shaowu, 1892 Miss Mary T. Noyes, Madura, 1892 M rs. Minnie B. Bliss, 1898 Rev. Charles S. Vaughan, Manamadura, 18 9 3 Miss Caroline E. Chittenden, Ingkok, 1892 Mrs. M. Ella Vaughan, 1893 i Rev. Willard L. Beard, Foochow, 1894 Rev. William M. Zumbro, Madura, 1894 Mrs. Ellen R. Beard, 1894 Mrs. Harriet S. Zumbro, 1907 Miss Emily S. Hartwell, Foochow, 1896 Rev. David S. Herrick, Bangalore, 1894 Miss Lucy P. Bement, M. D., Shaowu, 1898 Mrs. Dency T. M. Herrick, 1887 Miss Frances K. Bement, Shaowu, 1898 Miss Harriet E. Parker, M. D., Madura, 18 9 5 ! Miss Josephine C. Walker, Shaowu, 1900 Rev. William W. Wallace, Madura, 1897 Miss Martha S. Wiley, Foochow, 1900 Mrs. Genevieve T. Wallace, 1897 Rev. Edward H. Smith, Inghok, 1901 Rev. John J. Banninga, Tirumangalam, 1901 Mrs. Grace W. Smith, 1901 Mrs. Mary B. Banninga, 1901 Rev. Lewis Hodous, Foochow, 1901 Rev. John X . Miller, Pasumalai, 19 0 3 Mrs. Anna J. Hodous, 1901 Mrs. Margaret Y. Miller, 1903 George M. Newell, Foochow, 1904 Miss Catherine S. Quickenden, Aruppu Mrs. Mary R. Newell, 1906 kottai, 1906 Rev. Charles L. Storrs, Shaowu, 1904 Miss Gertrude E. Chandler, Madura, 1908 Miss Grace A. Funk, Shaowu, 1906 Rev. Burleigh V. Mathews, Pasumalai, 1908 Miss Elizabeth S. Perkins, Diongloh, 1907 Mrs. Pearl C. Mathews, .1910 Rev. Edwin D. Kellogg, Shaowu, 1909 Rev. Lawrence C. Powers, Kamuthi, 19 10 j Mrs. Alice R. Kellogg, 1909 L. Curtis Guise, Madura, 1 9 11 Rev. Frederick P. Beach, Diongloh, 1910 Mrs. Nettie B. Guise, 1 9 11 Mrs. Ruth Ward Beach, 1907 Miss Gwen M. Jones, Madura, 1 9 11 Miss Gertrude H. Blanchard, Foochow, 1910 James H. Lawson, Pasumalai, 1 9 11 Rev. Leonard J. Christian, Foochow, 1910 Mrs. Frances E . Lawson, rg n Mrs. Agnes J. Christian, 1909 Edgar M. Flint, Madura, 19 12 Miss Irene La W. Domblaser, Ponasang, 1910 Mrs. Susanna Q. Flint, 19 12 Miss Edna M. Deahl, Foochow, 1911 Miss Daisy D. M. Brown, Foochow, 1912 Ceylon Mission Miss Elaine Strang, Inghok, 1912 Miss Susan R. Howland, Manepay, 1873 Miss Mary T. Ledyard, Foochow, 1912 Rev. Thomas B. Scott, M. D., Manepay, 1893 Charles L. Gillette, M. D., Foochow, 1912 1 6 242 Missionaries of the Board

South China Mission Missionaries Went Out Rev. Elmer W. Galt, Tungchow, 1910 Missionaries Went Out Mrs. Altie C. Galt, 1910 Rev. Charles A. Nelson, Canton, 1892 Rev. Harry S. Martin, Peking, 1910 Mrs. Jennie M. Nelson, 1892 Mrs. Rose L. Martin, 1910 Miss Edna Lowrey, Canton, 1907 Miss Isabelle Phelps, Paotingfu, 1910 Rev. Obed S. Johnson, Canton, 1909 Rev. Murray S. Frame, Tungchow, 1910 Mrs. Vida L. Johnson, 1907 Rev. Robert E. Chandler, Tientsin, 1911 Miss Ruth Mulliken, Canton, 1910 Mrs. Helen D. Chandler, 1911 Miss S. Josephine Davis, Canton, 1911 i Miss Edith Davis, Tientsin, 1911 O. Houghton Love, M. D., Peking, 1911 North China Mission Mrs. Caroline E. Love, 1911 Miss Myra L. Sawyer, Pangchwang, 1911 Rev. Chauncey Goodrich, Peking, 1865 Miss Edith C. Tallmon, Lintsing, ign Mrs. Sarah B. Goodrich, 1879 Rev. Dean R. Wickes, Tungchow, 1912 Miss Mary E. Andrews, Tungchow, 1868 Mrs. Fanny R. Wickes, 1912 Rev. Devello Z. Sheffield, Tungchow, 1869 Miss Louise E. Miske, Peking, 1912 Mrs. Eleanor W. Sheffield, 1869 Rev. Arthur H. Smith, Tungchow, 1872 Mrs. Emma D. Smith, 1872 Shansi Mission Mrs. Mary P. Ament, Peking, 1877 Rev. Mark Williams, Taikuhsien, 1866 James H. Ingram, M. D., Tungchow, 1887 Willoughby A. Hemingway, M. D., Mrs. Myrtle B. Ingram, 1895 Taikuhsien, 1903 Miss Luella Miner, Peking, 1887 Mrs. Mary E. Hemingway, 1903 Miss H. Grace Wyckoff, Pangchwang, 1887 Rev. Paul L. Corbin, Taikuhsien, 1904 Miss E. Gertrude Wyckoff, Pangchwang, 1887 Mrs. Miriam L. Corbin, 1904 Miss Abbie G. Chapin, Tungchow, 1893 Miss Flora K. Heebner, Taikuhsien, 1904 Rev. George D. Wilder, Peking, 1894 Rev. Watts O. Pye, Fenchow, 1907 Mrs. Gertrude Stanley Wilder, 1893 Dr. Percy T. Watson, Fenchow, 1909 Rev. Charles E. Ewing, Tientsin, 1894 Mrs. Clara B. Watson, 1909 Mrs. Bessie G. Ewing, 1894 Miss Gertrude Chaney, Fenchow, 1909 Rev. Howard S. Galt, Tungchow, 1899 Rev. Wynn C. Fairfield, Taikuhsien, 1910 Mrs. Louise A. Galt, 1899 Mrs. Daisie P. Fairfield, 1907 Rev. William B. Stelle, Peking, 1901 Miss Grace McConnaughey, Fenchow, 1910 Mrs. M. Elizabeth Stelle, 1899 Jesse B. Wolfe, Taikuhsien, 1912 James H. McCann, Paotingfu, 1901 Mrs. Clara H. Wolfe, 1912 Mrs. Netta K. McCann, 1901 Miss Susan H. Connelly, Taikuhsien, 1912 Miss Bertha P. Reed, Peking, 1902 Francis F. Tucker, M. D., Pangchwang, 1902 Japan Mission Mrs. Emma B. Tucker, M. D., 1902 Miss Laura N. Jones, Paotingfu, 1903 Rev. Daniel C. Greene, Tokyo, 1869 Rev. Emery W. Ellis, Lintsing, 1904 Mrs. Frances H. Davis, Kyoto, 1883 Mrs. Minnie C. Ellis, 1904 Mrs. Agnes D. Gordon, Kyoto, 1872 Miss Jessie E. Payne, Tungchow, 1904 Mrs. Elizabeth S. DeForest, Sendai, 1874 Rev. Charles A. Stanley, Pangchwang, 1904 Rev. Dwight W. Learned, Kyoto, 1875 Mrs. Louise H. Stanley, 1904 Mrs. Florence H. Learned, 1875 Charles W. Young, M. D., Peking, 1904 Miss Martha J. Barrows, Kobe, 1876 Mrs. Olivia D. Young, 1904 Miss H. Frances Parmelee, Matsuyama, 1877 Miss Alice S. Browne, Peking, 1905 Rev. Otis Cary, Kyoto, 1878 Miss Lucia E. Lyons, Pangchwang, ' 1905 Mrs. Ellen M. Cary, 1878 Miss Susan B. Tallmon, M. D., Lintsing, 190s Rev. James H. Pettee, Okayama, 1878 Miss May N. Corbett, Peking, 1906 Mrs. Belle W. Pettee, 1878 Miss Mabel A. Ellis, Lintsing, 1907 Miss Abbie M. Colby, Osaka, 1879 Rev. Vinton P. Eastman, Lintsing, 1908 Rev. George Allchin, Osaka, 1882 Mrs. Florence C. Eastman, 1908 Mrs. Nellie M. Allchin, 1882 Rev. Lucius C. Porter, Tungchow, 1908 Miss Adelaide Daughaday, Sapporo, 1883 Mrs. Lillian D. Porter, 1908 Miss Susan A. Searle, Kobe, 1883 Rev. Arie B. DeHaan, Pangchwang, 1909 Rev. Arthur W. Stanford, Kobe, 1886 Mrs. Sarah S. DeHaan, 1909 Mrs. Jane H. Stanford, 1886 Miss Delia D. Leavens, Tungchow, 1909 Rev. George M. Rowland, Sapporo, 1886 Miss Lucy I. Mead, Peking, 1909 Mrs. Helen A. Rowland, 1886 Miss Mary E. Vanderslice, Peking, 1910 Miss Cornelia Judson, Matsuyama, 1886 Missionaries of the Board 243

Missionaries Went Out Missionaries Went Out Rev. Samuel C. Bartlett, Otaru, 1887 Miss Louise E. Wilson, Kusaie, 1893 Mrs. Fanny G. Bartlett, 1894 Miss Elizabeth Baldwin, Kusaie, 1898 Rev. Cyrus A. Clark, Miyazaki, 1887 Miss Jane D. Baldwin, Kusaie, 1898 Mrs. Harriet M. Clark, 1887 Rev. Philip A. Delaporte, Nauru, 19 12 Rev. Sidney L. Gulick, Kyoto, 1887 Mrs. Salome Delaporte, 19 12 Mrs. Cara M. Gulick, 1887 Rev. Frank J. Woodward, Abaian, 1 9 11 Miss Annie L. Howe, Kobe, 1887 Mrs. Marion P. Woodward, 1909 Miss Mary E. Wainwright, Okayama, X887 Rev. Charles H. Maas, Mejuro, 19 12 Rev. Horatio B. Newell, Matsuyama, 1887 Mrs. Matilda Maas, 19 12 Mrs. Jane C. Newell, 1888 Miss Mary F. Denton, Kyoto, 1888 Mission to the Philippines Miss Gertrude Cozad, Kobe, 1888 Miss Annie H. Bradshaw, Sendai, 1889 Rev. Robert F. Black, Davao, Mindanao, 1902 Rev. Hilton Pedley, Maebashi, 1889 Mrs. Gertrude G. Black, 1903 Mrs. Martha J. Pedley, 1887 Charles T. Sibley, M. D., Davao. 1908 Miss Fannie E. Griswold, Maebashi, 1889 Mrs. Annie S. Sibley, 1908 Rev. Schuyler S. White, Okayama, 1890 Mrs. Ida McL. White, 1888 Mission to Mexico Rev. William L. Curtis, Niigata, 1890 Miss Alice P. Adams, Okayama, 1891 Rev. John Howland, Guadalajara, 1882 Rev. Henry J. Bennett, Tottori, 19 0 1 Mrs. Sara B. Howland, 1882 Mrs. Anna J. Bennett, 1905 Rev. James D. Eaton, Chihuahua, 1882 Rev. Morton D. Dunning, Kyoto, 1902 Mrs. Gertrude C. Eaton, 1882 Mrs. Mary W. Dunning, 1902 Rev. Alfred C. Wright, Chihuahua, 1886 Rev. Charles M. Warren, Tottori, 1902 Mrs. Annie C. Wright, 1886 Mrs. Cora Keith Warren, 1899 Miss Ellen O. Prescott, Parral, 1888 Miss Olive S. Hoyt, Maebashi, 1902 Miss Mary B. Dunning, Parral, 1889 Rev. C. Burnell Olds, Miyazaki, 1903 R ev. Horace T . Wagner, Hermosilto, 1894 M rs. Genevieve W . Olds, 1903 Mrs. Della McC. Wagner, 189S Miss Charlotte B. DeForest, Kobe, 1903 Miss Alice Gleason, Guadalajara, 1901 Rev. Frank A. Lombard, Kyoto, 1904 Miss Lora F. Smith, Guadalajara, 1910 Mrs. Alice G. Lombard, 1 9 1 1 Miss Helen A. Meserve, Chihuahua, 1911 Rev. Edward S. Cobb, Niigata, 1904 Louis B. Fritts, Guadalajara, 19 12 Mrs. Florence B. Cobb, 1904 Mrs. Mary I. Fritts, 1912 Miss Elizabeth Ward, Osaka, 1906 Dana I. Grover, Kyoto, 1907 Mission to Spain Mrs. Charlotte E. Grovei, 1908 Miss Grace H. Stowe, Kobe, 1908 Rev. William H. Gulick, Madrid, 18 71 Miss Mary E. Stowe, Kobe, 1908 Miss Anna F. Webb, Barcelona, 1892 1904 Miss Rosamond C. Bates, Kobe, 1909 Miss M ay Morrison, Barcelona, Miss Edith Curtis, Niigata, 19 12 Mission to Austria Micronesia Mission Rev. Albert W. Clark, Prague, 1872 Rev. Irving M. Channon, Ocean Island, 1890 Mrs. Ruth E. Clark, X884 Mrs. Mary L. Channon, 1890 Rev. John S. Porter, Prague, 1891 Miss Jessie R. Hoppin, Kusaie, 1890 Mrs. Lizzie L. Porter, 1893 244 Corporate Members of the Board

CORPORATE MEMBERS OF THE BOARD

All male missionaries of the Board who have been seven years in service and are still holding its commission are Corporate Members. Their names will be found in the preceding list of missionaries.

(The names under each state are arranged according to date of first election; where there has been a re-election the date is indicated after the name.)

M aine 1912. Rev. Roy M. Houghton, Brattle- boro. 1883. Rev. William H. Fenn, Portland. 1884. Rev. William P. Fisher, Brunswick. Massachusetts 1889. Pres. David N. Beach, Bangor. 867. Rev. Joshua W. Wellman, Malden. 1890. Galen C. Moses, Bath. 875. A. Lyman Williston, Northamp­ 1892. George H. Eaton, Calais. ton. ipog 1894. Rev. Leavitt H. Hallock, Lewis­ 576. Elbridge Torrey, Dorchester. ton 1909 879. Rev. Elnathan E. Strong, Aubum- 1901. John M. Gould, Portland. 1909 dale 1909 1905. S. M. Came, Alfred. 1910 882. Franklin Carter, Williamstown. 1908. Rev. Omar W. Folsom, Bath. 883. Samuel B. Capen, Boston. 1909 1908. Henry L. Chapman, Brunswick. 886. G. Henry Whitcomb, Worcester. 1909 1911. Rev. Warren J. Moulton, Bangor. 887. Rev. Arthur Little, Dorchester. 1912. Rev. Stephen T. Livingston, Bridg- 887. Rev. George A. Tewksbury, Con­ ton. cord. 1909 New Hampshire 887. Rev. Alexander McKenzie, Cam­ bridge. 1909 1894. Elisha R. Brown, Dover. 1909 888. Rev. Francis E. Clark, Auburn- 1897. Rev. William H. Pound, Wolf- dale. 1909 boro. 888. Rev. Payson W. Lyman, Fall 1906. Henry W. Lane, Keene. 1912 River. 1908. Rev. Lucius H. Thayer, Ports­ 889. Rev. Albert E. Dunning, Brook­ mouth. line. 1909 1908. Rev. Edward L. Gulick, Hanover. 889. A. G. Cumnock, Lowell. 1909. Charles C. Morgan, Nashua. 889. James M. W. Hall, Newton Center. 1909. Rev. Burton W. Lockhart, Man­ 890. Rev. John R. Thurston, Worcester. chester. 890. Thomas Weston, Newton. 1909 1909. Rev. Charles H. Percival, Roch­ 890. Rev. William W. Jordan, Clinton. 1909 ester. 891. Rev. Charles H. Daniels, Welles­ 1910. Rev. Samuel H. Dana, Exeter. ley. 1909 1910. Rev. George H. Reed, Concord. 894. Rev. James L. Barton, Newton Center. 1909 V erm o n t 894. Rev. DeWitt S. Clark, Salem. 1909 1877. Rev. Henry Fairbanks, St. Johns- 894. Charles A. Hopkins, Brookline. 1909 bury. 1909 894. Rev. George E. Lovejoy, Lawrence. 1890. Charles W. Osgood, Bellows Falls. 1909 895. Edward W. Chapin, Holyoke. 1909 1908. Frank H. Brooks, St. Johnsbury. 895. W. Murray Crane, Dalton. 1908. Carl V. Woodbury, Northfield. 89S. Frank H. Wiggin, Boston. 1908. Rev. I. Chipman Smart, Burlington. 89s. Rev. Asher Anderson, Cambridge. 1909 1910. Albert H. Cheney, Stowe. 895. Rev. George A. Gordon, Boston. 1909 1910. Rev. Fraser Metzger, Randolph. 8 9 5 . Frederick Fosdick, Fitchburg. 1909 1910. Rev. Carl J. Peterson, East Berk­ 896. Rev. Arcturus Z. Conrad, Boston. 1909 shire. 896. Samuel Usher, Cambridge. 1909 1910. Rev. Benjamin Swift, Woodstock. 896. William B. Plunkett, Adams. 1909 1911. Frank A. Morse, West Rutland. 896. Charles N. Prouty, Spencer. 1909 1911. Rev. Henry L. Ballou, Chester. 896. George E. Tucker, Ware. 1909 1912. Rev. George H. Bailey, Middlebury. 896. Charles E. Swett, Winchester. 1912. Rev. Leland A. Edwards, Newport. 897. Rev. James G. Merrill, Somerset. 1912. Rev. Robert H. Ball, Fair Haven. 897. Edward Whitin, Whitinsville. I 9 ° 9 Corporate Members of the Board 245

1897. John C. Berry, M.D., Worcester. 1909 19 1 r. R ev. Charle3 O. Eames, Athol. 1897. Arthur H. Wellman, Malden. 1909 1911. William Shaw, Ballardvale. 1898. Henry H. Proctor, Boston. 1909 1912. Rev. Newton Irving Jones, East 1899. Rev. Edward C. Moore, Cam­ Orleans. bridge. 1909 1912. Rev. Frederick B. Noyes, Scituate 1900. Rev. Franke A. Warfield, Milford. 1909 Center. 1900. George E. Keith, Campello. 1909 1912. Rev. Willard L. Sperry, Fall River. 1900. Rev. Cornelius H. Patton, New­ ton. 1909 Rhode Island Rev. Edward M. Noyes, Newton 1901. 1897. Herbert J. Wells, Kingston. 1909 Center. 1909 1898. Rowland G. Hazard, Peacedale. 1909 1901. Frank Wood, Dorchester. 1899. Miss Caroline Hazard, Peacedale. 1902. Herbert A. Wilder, Newton. 1909 1909. Frederic H. Fuller, Providence. 1903. Frank A. Day, Newton. 1908 1911. Rev. James E. McConnell, Provi­ 1903. Pres. Mary E. Wooley, South dence. Hadley. 1908 1903. Lewis A. Crossett, North Abing- Connecticut ton. 1908 1876. Rev. Edward V. Packard, Strat­ 1903. Francis O. Winslow, Norwood. 1908 ford. I909 1904. Rev. John H. Denison, Boston. 1909 1881. Lewis A. Hyde, Norwich. 1905. Edward S. Rogers, Lee. 1910 1882. Rev. Azel W. Ilazen, Middletown. 1910 Rev. William E. Strong, Newton- 1905. 1884. Rev. James W. Cooper, Hartford. 1909 ville. 1910 1889. Rev. Lewellyn Pratt, Norwich. 1909 Rev. Ambrose W. Vernon, Brook­ 1905. 1889. Edwin H. Biker, Greenwich. 1909 line. 1910 1889. Rev. Chester D. Hartranft, Hart­ 1906. Rev. Edwin H. Byington, West ford. Roxbury.- 1911 1891. Rev. Joseph H. Twichell, Hart­ 1906. Rev. Albert P. Fitch, Cambridge. 1911 ford. 1909 1907. Rev. George A. Hall, Brookline, 1912 1893. John H. Perry, Southport. 1909 1907. Lemuel L. Dexter, Mattapoisett. 1912 1894. Rev. William W. McLane, New 1907. Alvin L. Wright, South Hadley. 1912 Haven. 1009 1908. Rev. Clarence A. Vicent, Roxbury. 1895. Rev. Watson L . Phillips, New 1908. Alfred S. Hall, Winchester. Haven. 1909 1908. Rev. Raymond Calkins, Cam­ 1895. Rev. Joseph H. Selden, Green­ bridge wich. 1909 1908. James Logan, Worcester. 189s. Rev. William H. Woodwell, East 1908. Arthur Perry, Boston. Hampton. 1908. Rev. Brewer Eddy, Newtonville. 1896. George M. Woodruff, Litchfield. 1909 1909. C. H. Lyman, Northampton. 1896. Rev. John DePeu, Bridgeport. 19x0 1909. Rev. Clarence F. Swift, Fall River. 1896. Rev. Charles R. Brown, New 1909. John H. Gifford, M. D„ Fall River Haven. 1911 1909. Rev. Edward E. Bradley, Lincoln. 1897. Rev. Newman Smyth. New Haven. 1909. Victor J. Loring, Wellesley Hills. 1897. Rev. Arthur L. Gillett, Hartford. 1909. Walter K. Bigelow, Salem. 1897. Rev. James W. Bixler, New Lon­ 1909. Rev. Harris G. Hale, Brookline. don. 1909 1909. Delcevare King, Quincy. 1897. Rev. Harlan P. Beach, New Ha­ 1909. Rev. H. Grant Person, Newton. ven. 1909 1909. Rev. Newton M. Hall, Springfield. 1897. Rev. Frank B. Makepeace, Granby, 1909. Rev. John L. Kilbon, Springfield. 1900. Rev. Frank S. Child, Fairfield. 1909. Rev. Enoch F. Bell, Newtonville. 1902. Rev. Frank D. Sargent, Putnam. 1909 1909. E. H. Bigelow, M.D., Framingham. 1902. Rev. William II. Holman, South­ 1909. Pres. Harry A. Garfield, Williamstown. port. 1909 1910. Rev. John Reid, Franklin. 1903. Henry H. Bridgman, Norfolk. 1908 rgxo. Charles M. Rhodes, Taunton. 1903. William H. Catlin, Meriden. 1909 1910. Rev. Stephen A. Norton, Woburn. 1904. Rev. Rockwell H. Potter, Hart­ 1910 .' Rev. Everett S. Stackpole, Bradford. ford. 1909 19 11. Rev. George W. Andrews, Dalton. 1904. Rev. Henry C. Woodruff, Bridge­ 19 11. Rev. Nicholas Van der Pyl, Ha­ port. 1909 verhill. 1906. Rev. Williston Walker, New Ha­ 19 11. Arthur F. Poole, Peabody. ven. 1 9 1 1 19 11. Appleton P. Williams, West Upton. 1906. Daniel O. Rogers, New Britain. 1912 246 Corporate Members of the Board

1907. Pres. William Douglas Mackenzie, 19 12 . Rev. William Hayes Longsworth. Hartford. 19 12 Orient. 1909. Alfred Coit, New London. * N e w Je rs e y 1909. Rev. C. A. Dinsmore, Waterbury. 1909. Frank E. Smith, Stony Creek. ■ 1894- Rev. William Hayes Ward, New 1909. George S. Palmer, New London. j ark. 1909 1909. Martin Welles, Hartford. ! I 8 9 4 . Rev. Charles H. Richards, Mont 1909. Rev. William F. Stearns, Norfolk. i clair. 1909 I9IO. Rev. Gerald H. Beard, Bridgeport. I9O6. Clarence H. Kelsey, Orange. 19 11 I9I0. Rev. John C. Goddard, Salisbury. X9O6. Harry Wade Hicks, Summit. 19 11 I9I0. Simeon E. Baldwin, New Haven. I9O9. Charles H. Baker, Montclair. I9 II. John T. Chidsey, Bristol. I9 I2. Rev. Samuel Lane Loomis, Westfield. I9 II. H, G. Talcott, Talcotville. 19 12 . William G. Green, New Milford. Pennsylvania I9 I2. Rev. Oscar E. Maurer. New Haven. Rev. Thomas C. Edwards, Kangs 19 12 . Elijah J. Steele, Torrington. I899. ton. 1909 I9O8. C. S. Burwell. Meadville. N ew Y o rk 1 I9IO. Dr. Charles W. Huntington, Wil 1876- Rev. Henry A. Stimson, New 1 liamsport. Y ork City. 1909 O hio 18 9 1. Joseph E. Brown, Brooklyn. 1909 1894. Rev. Franklin S. Fitch, Buffalo. 1909 I884. Pres. Charles F. Thwing, Cleve­ 1894. Charles A. Hull, Brooklyn. 1909 land. 1909 1894. Rev. Albert J. Lyman, Brooklyn. 1909 I888. Rev. Washington Gladden, Colum 1894. Rev. Nehemiah Boynton, Brook­ bus. 1909 lyn. 1909 I895. Rev. Dan F. Bradley, Cleveland. 1909 1895- Lucien C. Warner, New York I897. Lucius F. Mellen, Cleveland. City. 1909 I897. Rev. A. F. Pierce, Cleveland. 1896. Rev. Lyman Abbott, New York I898. William W. Mills, Marietta. 1909 City. 1909 igo2. Pres. Henry C. King, Oberlin. 1896. Rev. Charles E. Jefferson, New 1904. Rev. Irving W. Metcalf, Oberlin. 1909 York C ity. 1909 ' 1906. Rev. Edward I. Bosworth. Oberlin. 1911 I89Ó. Guilford Dudley. Poughkeepsie. 1909 1906. John G. Jennings, Cleveland. 19 11 1897. Rev. Robert J. Kent. Brooklyn. 1909 1906. Edward H. Rhoades, Toledo. 19 11 1897. Albro J. Newton, Brooklyn. 1909 1907. Rev. Dwight M. Pratt, Cincinnati. 19 12 1897. W. H. Nichols, Brooklyn. 1909 1908. H. Clark Ford, Cleveland. 1898. Dyer B. Holmes, New York City. 1909 1909. Rev. Howard S. MacAyeal, Akron. 1899. Rev. Elliott C. Hall, Jamestown. 1909 1909. E. P. Johnson, Oberlin. 1900. Rev. Newell D. Hillis, Brooklyn. 1910. Theodore W. Bates, Cleveland. I90I. Frank S. Jones, Brooklyn. 1910 . William F. Hewins, Ashtabula. 1902. Rev. Edward L. Smith, New York 1 9 1 1. Dr. John J. Thomas, Youngs­ C ity. 1909 town. 1902. Rev. N. McGee Waters, Brook­ M a ryla n d lyn. 1909 1903. Rev. S. Parkes Cadman, Brook­ 1904. Rev. Oliver Huckel, Baltimore. 1909 lyn. 1908 19 12 . J. Henry Baker, Baltimore. 1904. Harry A. Flint, Syracuse. 1909 1906. William A. Flint, Syracuse. 1909 District of Columbia 1906. William H. Crosby, Buffalo. 1 9 11 1891- Merrill E. Gates, Washington. 1908. Rev. William Dana Street, White Plains. North Carolina 1908. George W . Baily, Brooklyn. 1908. Rev. Andrew M. Wight, Ogdensburg. 1908. Thomas S. Inborden, Enfield. 1908. Edward F. Cragin, Brooklyn. 1908. A. V. Wadhams, Wadhams. G e orgia 1909. Rev. William A. Trow, Sherburne. 19 12. Rev. E. Lyman Hood, Atlanta. 1909. Edwin G. Warner, Brooklyn. John B. Clark, New York. 1909. O k lah o m a [910. William J. McCaw, Norwich. IQ 1 2 . Rev. William F. Kettle, Oswego. 1898. Pres. Calvin B. Moody, Kingfisher. tg i2 . Harlan P. French, Albany. 1910. J. S. Ross, Wellstoii. Corporate Members of the Board 247

1 In d ia n a 1896. Rev. Eugene G. Updike, Madison. looy 1899- Orrin H. Ingram, Eau Claire. igii. Charles J. Buchanan, Indianapolis. 1908. Rev. Judson Titsworth, Milwaukee. 1910. Allen S. Baker. Evansville. Illin ois 1910. Frank J. Harwood, Appleton. 1871- Eliphalet W. Blatchford, Chicago. 1909 19 12 . Pres. Silas Evans, Ripon. 1871- Ralph Emerson, Rockford. 19 12. Rev. John Faville, Appleton. 1876. Rev. Frederick A. Noble, Evanston. 19 12. J. 0 . Myers. Wauwatosa. 1877. Charles H. Case, Chicago. 19 12 . Byron Ripley. Iron River. 1878. Joel K. Scarborough, Payson. 1888. Rev. G. S. F. Savage, Chicago. M in n eso ta 1889. Rev. E. F. Williams, Chicago. 1909 1871. Rev. James W. Strong, North- 1889. Rev. William A. Waterman, Elgin. field. 1909 1889. Rev. Alexander R. Thain, Canton. 1886. Rev. Edward M. Williams, Xorth- 1909 field. 1909 1891- Edward H. Pitkin, Oak Park. 1910 1895. Rev. George R. Merrill, Minneap­ 1892. Rev. A. N. Hitchcock, Chicago. 1909 olis. 1909 Charles H. Hulburd, Chicago. 1893- 1909 1898. Miss Margaret J. Evans, North- 1894- Hiram T. Lay, Kewanee. 1909 field. 1909 Rev. Clarence A. Beckwith, 1894- 1900. Pres. Cyrus Northrop. Minneap­ Chicago. 1909 olis. 1 909 David Fales, Lake Forest. 1895. 1901. Lowell E . Jepson, Minneapolis. Pres. Thomas McClelland, Gales­ 1897- 1902. Rev. Harry P. Dewey, Minneap­ burg. 1909 olis. 190 1. Rev. William E. Barton, Oak j 1903. David Percy Jones, Minneapolis. 1908 Park. 1905. Frederick W . Lyman, -Minneap­ 1901. Thomas C. MacMillan, La Grange. olis. 1910 1906. Frank Kimball, Oak Park. 1 9 11 1908. Rev. Squire Heath, Benson. 1907. M. A. Dean, Evanston. 19 12 1908. Charles M. Way, Minneapolis. 1907. Pres. Graham Taylor, Chicago, 19 12 1909. Rev. Edwin B. Dean, Northfield. 1908. Harry Ainsworth, Moline. 1909. Rev. Fred B. Hill. Northfield. 1908. Rev. Frank G. Smith, Chicago. 1910. Rev. Frank E. Knopf, Austin. 1909. Pres. Ozora S. Davis, Chicago. 1909. Rev. James R. Smith, Quincy. Iow a 1910. Rev. William T. McElveen, Evanston. 1895. Rev. Alvah L. Frisbie, Des Moines. 1910. Charles W. Boyden, Sheffield. 1896. Rev. William W. Gist, Cedar Falls. 1910. Rev. William E. Cadmus, Peoria. 1897. Elliot S. Miller, Des Moines. 1900 1910 . James H. Moore, Chicago. 1898. Rev. J. E. Snowden, Cedar Falls. 1909 1910 . Myron A. Myers, Hinsdale. 1904. F. A. McCornack, Sioux City. 1909 1 9 11 . Robert E. Short, Seward. 1908. Robert W. Aborn, Sheldon. 1 9 11 . Rev. Charles L. Morgan, Elgin. 1909. Rev. Naboth Osborne, Burlington. 19 U . Rev. James S. Ainslee, Chicago. 1909. Rev. Wilson Denney, Cedar Rapids. 19 12 . Rev. John Andrew Holmes, Cham­ 1909. William D. Evans, Hampton. paign. 1912. Roger Leavitt, Cedar Falls. 19 12 . Elthom Rogers, Sycamore. 1912. Rev. Percival F. Marston, Grinnell. 19 12 . Henry Edmund Hackman, Peru. M issouri M ic h ig a n 1892. Augustus W. Benedict, St. Louis. 1909 1893. Frank D. Taylor, Detroit. 1909 1899. Pres. J. H. George, Springfield. 1909 1894. C. A. Gower, Lansing. 1909 1912. Rev. William Merton Jones. St. 1910 . Rev. Mac H. Wallace, Detroit. Joseph. 1910 . Paul C. Warren, Three Oaks 19 12 . Prof. Arthur P. Hall, Springfield. 19 12 . Dr. Albert Brown Lyons, Detroit. 19 12 . Rev. Harlow S. Mills, Bensonia. North Dakota 19 12 . Rev. Bastian Smits, Jackson. 1889. Pres. Charles C. Creegan, Fargo. 1908. Rev. Robert Paton, Carrington. W isco n sin 1911. Emerson H. Smith, Fargo. 1889- Pres. Edward D. Eaton, Beloit. 1909 1912. Rev. J. Charles Evans, Coopers- 1894- John M. Whitehead, Janesville. 1909 town. 248 Corporate Members of the Board

South Dakota 1905. Rev. Francis J. Van Horn, Seattle. 1910 1909. Pres. Henry K. Warren, Yankton. 1908. James A. Moore, Seattle. 1910. Rev. George E. Green, Canton. 1909. William H. Lewis, Seattle. igiO. Bayard E. Beach, Huron.' 1909. Louis F. Anderson, Walla Walla. igiO. W. F. Mason, Aberdeen.

O regon N eb rask a 1907. Pres. William N. Ferrin, Forest 1 8 9 4 - Rev. Motier A. Bullock, Lincoln. Grove. 1912 1909. B. J. Helsabeek, Franklin. 1911. Rev. Luther R. Dyott, Portland. 1 9 1 0 . Rev. Charles H. Rogers, Lincoln. C alifo rn ia K a n sa s | 1895. Rev. Jean F. Loba, Ontario. 1909 1902. Pres. Frank K. Sanders, Topeka. 1909 1904. Rev. H. Melville Tenney, East 1908. Robert R. Hays, Osborne. Oakland. 1909 1908. William R. Guild, Sabetha. 1905. George W. Marston, San Diego. iqio 1909. Rev. Oakley B. Thurston, 1908. Rev. Henry Kingman, Claremont. Wichita. 1908. Rev. Francis M. Washburn, Lodi. 1909. Howard M. Darling, Wichita. 1909. Rev. William Horace Day, Los 1911. Rev. John E. McClain, Wichita. Angeles. 1 9 1 2 . Charles F. Pettyjohn, Olathe. 1910. Silas W. Mack, Pacific Grove. 1910. Charles E. Harwood, Upland. W y o m in g 1911. M. T. Gilmore, San Diego. 1911. Rev. H. B. Miles, Berkeley. I 9 I 2 . Rev. William D. B. Gray, Cheyenne. Hawaiian Islands C olorad o 1899. Peter C. Jones, Honolulu. 1909 189s. R pv . Frank T. Bayley, Denver. 1909 1899. Rev. Doremus Scudder, Hono­ 1909. William E. Sweet, Denver. lulu. 1909 1912. Rev. Samuel T. McKinney, Denver. 1906. William R. Castle, Honolulu. 1911 1910 . R ev. William B. Oleson, Honolulu. N ew M exico 1910. Edward K. Lilikalani, Honolulu.

1906. Rev. Josiah H. Heald, Albuquer- ! C an a d a que. 1 9 1 1 1908. Pres. Edward M. Hill, Montreal. Arizona 1908. Rev. J. K. Unsworth, Vancouver. 19 10 . Theodore W . Otis, Prescott. S y r ia

W ashington 1897. Pres. Howard S. Bliss, Beirut. 1909

1896. Pres. Stephen B. L. Penrose, F ra n ce Walla Walla. 1909 1902. Rev. Sydney Strong, Seattle. 1909 | 1895. Rev. Caspar W. Hiatt, Paris. Corporate Members whose Service has Ceased 249

CORPORATE MEMBERS WHOSE SERVICE HAS CEASED Since Annual Meeting, October, 1911

[In the list below the cause of the termination of service is indicat ed’ by the’ following abbre­ viations: d., deceased; r., resigned; re., removed from district represented; t.c./term completed.]

New Hampshire Elected Elected 1907. D. K. Pearsons, d. 1908. Rev. Edward L. Gulick, r. 1911. Rev. Peter M, Snyder, re.

V e rm o n t M ic h ig a n

1880. Rev. William S. Smart, d. 1892. George Parsons, d. 1905. David M. Camp, d. 1895. E. F. Grabill, d. 1909. Rev. Edwin J. Lewis, re. 1907. G . C. Meisel, t. c.

Massachusetts Io w a

1894. John E. Bradley, d. i 1907. Rev. Herbert J. Ilinman, re. 1899. Rev. George Harris, r. j 1905. Rev. William W. Dornan, re. 1907. Seba A. Holton, t.c. ! M issou ri

j 1897. Rev. Charles S. Mills, re. Connecticut

1899. George B. Burrall, d.1 North Dakota 1900. Rev. Arthur W. Ackerman, re. 1907. Arthur D. Parker, t.c.

N ew Y o rk N ebraska 1888. Chester Hoicombe, d. 1907. Charles H. Aldrich, t. c. 1905. Rev. D. Brainerd Perry.

O hio C alifo rn ia

1904. Rev. John W. Bradshaw, d. 1907: Rev. John H. Williams, t.c. 1907. Frank L. Fairchild, d. 1910: Barton S. Hays, d. 1910. Rev. William I. Patchell, re.

Illin o is H aw aii 1897. Rev. Frank N. White, re. 1907. James C. Hanna, t. c. 1907. Henry P. Baldwin, d.1

1 These members died before the Annual Meeting 1911, but word was not received in time to include them in last year’s list. 250 Officers of the Board

OFFICERS OF THE BOARD

P resid en ts Elected Service ended 1856. Rev. Isaac Ferris, 1857 Elected Service ended 1856. Walter S. Griffith, 1870 1810 . John Treadwell, 1820 1856. Rev. Asa D. Smith, 1863 1823. Rev. Joseph Lyman, 1826 1 8 5 7 - Alpheus Hardy, 1886 1826. John Cotton Smith, 1841 1859. Linus Child, 1870 18 4 1. Theo. Frelinghuysen, 18 5 7 i860. William S. Southworth, 1863 1 8 5 7 - Rev. Mark Hopkins, 1887 1863. Rev. Albert Barnes, 1870 1887. Rev. Richard S. Storrs, 1897 1863. Rev. Robert R. Booth, 1870 1897. Rev. Charles M. Lamson, 1899 1865. Abner Kingman, 1877 1899. Samuel B. Capen.1 1865. Rev. Andrew L. Stone, 1866 1865. James M. Gordon, 1876 Vice-Presidents 1866. Rev. Rufus Anderson, 187s 1868. Ezra Farnsworth, 1889 1810. Rev. Samuel Spring, 1819 1869. Rev. Edmund K. Alden, 1876 18 19 . Rev. Joseph Lyman, 18 23 1870. J. Russell Bradford, 1883 John Cotton Smith, 18 23 . 1826 1870. Joseph S. Ropes, 1894 Stephen Van Rensselaer, 1826. 1839 1 8 7 5 - Rev. Egbert C. Smyth, 1886 1839. Theo Frelinghuysen, 1841 1876. Rev. Edwin B. Webb, 1900 18 4 1. Thomas S. Williams, 1 8 5 7 1876. Charles C. Burr, 1900 18 57. William Jessup, 1864 1876. Elbridge Torrey, 1893 1864. William E. Dodge, 1883 1878. Rev. Isaac R. Worcester, 1882 1883. Eliphalet W. Blatchford, 1897 1882. Rev. Albert H. Plumb, 1903 1897. D. Willis James, 1900 1883. William P. Ellison, 1903 1900. Rev. Henry Hopkins, 1906 1884. Rev. Charles F. Thwing, 1886 1906. Rev. Albert J. Lyman, 1907 1886. Rev. Edward S. Atwood, 1888 1907. Rev. Henry C. King, 1910 1886. Rev. Charles A. Dickinson, 1892 1910. Rev. Edward D. Eaton.1 1888. Rev. Francis E. Clark, 1892 1889. G. Henry Whitcomb, 1905 Prudential Committee 1893. A. Lyman Williston, 1894 1893. Rev. James G. Vose, 1899 18 10 . William Bartlett, 18 14 1893. Henry D. Hyde, 1897 18 10 . Rev. Samuel Spring, 1819 18 9 3 . James M. W. Hall, 1905 18 10 . Rev. Samuel Worcester, 1821 1893. Rev. John E. Tuttle, 1894 1812. Jeremiah Evarts, 1830 1893. Rev. William W. Jordan, 1904 18 15 . Rev. Jedediah Morse, 1821 1893- Rev. Elijah Horr, 1904 18 18 . William Reed, 18 34 1894- Charles A. Hopkins, 1904 18 19 . Rev. Leonard Woods, 1844 1894. ■ Rev. Nehemiah Boynton, 1899 1821. Samuel Hubbard, 184 3 1896. Rev. William H. Davis, 1905 1821. Rev. Warren Fay, 1839 1897. Samuel C. Darling, 1906 1828. Rev. Benjamin B. Wisner, 183s 1899- Rev. Edward C. Moore, 1908 18 31- Rev. Elias Cornelius, 1832 1900. Rev. Francis E. Clark, 1906 1832. Samuel T. Armstrong, 1850 19 0 0 . Edward Whitin, 1907 1832. Charles Stoddard, 18 73 1903. Rev. Arthur L. Gillett, 19 12 1834- John Tappan, 1864 1903. Francis O. Winslow. 19 12 i 8 3 S- Daniel Noyes, 1846 1904. Herbert A. Wilder, 1 8 3 7 . Rev. Nehemiah Adams, 1869 1904. Rev. Edward M. Noyes, 1839- Rev. Silas Aiken, 1849 1904. Rev. John Hopkins Denison, 1910 1843. William W. Stone, 1850 1905. Rev. Frederick Fosdick, 1906 1845. William J. Hubbard, 1859 1905- Arthur H. Wellman, 1849. Rev. Augustus C. Thompson, 1893 1905. Rev. Francis J. Van Horn, 1906 1850. William T. Eustis, 1868 1906. Charles A. Hopkins, 19 12 1850. John Aiken, 186s 1906. Rev. Albert P. Fitch, 19 12 18 5 1 . Daniel Safford, 1856 1906. Henry H. Proctor, I 8-S4 - Henry Hill, 186s 1906. Rev. Edwin H. Byington, 1906

» Member of the Prudential Committee, ex officio. Officers of the Board 251

Elected Service ended Elected Service ended 1907. Rev. George A. Hall, 1866. Rev. John O. Means. 1881 1908. Arthur Perry, 1881. Rev. Henry A. Stimson. 1908. Rev. Lucius H. Thayer, 1910. Rev. Edward C. Moore, Assistant Recording Secretaries 19 12. Rev. Willard L. Sperry, 19 12 . John C. Berry, 1836. Charles Stoddard, 1839 19 12. Rev. Raymond Calkins, 1839. Rev. Bela B. Edwards, 1842 1912. James Logan. 19 12 1842. Rev. Daniel Crosby, 1843 1888. Rev. Edward N. Packard. Corresponding Secretaries T reasurers 1810. Rev. Samuel Worcester, 1821 18 21. Jeremiah Evarts, 18 31 1810. Samuel H. Walley, 1811 18 3 1. Rev. Elias Cornelius, 1832 1811. Jeremiah Evarts, 1822 1832. Rev. Benjamin B. Wisner, 1835 1822. Henry Hill, 1854 1832. Rev. Rufus Anderson, 1866 1854. James M. Gordon, 1865 1832. Rev. David Greene, 1848 1865. Langdon S. Ward, 189s 183s. Rev. William J. Armstrong, 1847 1896. Frank H. Wiggin. 1847. Rev. Selah B. Treat, 1877 1848. Rev. Swan L. Pomroy, 1859 1852. Rev. George W. Wood, 18 71 Assistant Treasurer 1865. Rev. Nathaniel G. Clark, 1894 1895. Frank H. Wiggin. 1896 1876. Rev. Edmund K. Alden, 1893 1880. Rev. John 0 . Means, 1883 1884. Rev. Judson Smith, 1906 A uditors 1 8 9 3 - Rev. Charles H. Daniels, 1903 1894- Rev. James L. Barton, 1810. Joshua Goodale, 1812 1904. Rev. Cornelius H. Patton, 1812. Samuel H. Walley, 1813 19 12 . Rev. Edward Lincoln Smith. 1813. Charles Walley, 1814 1814. Chester Adams, 1817 Assistant Corresponding Secretaries ! 1817. Ashur Adams, 1822 1822. Chester Adams, 1827 1827. William Ropes, 1829 1824. Rev. Rufus Anderson, 1832 1829. John Tappan, 1834 1828. Rev. David Greene. 1832 1829. Charles Stoddard, 1832 1832. William J. Hubbard, 1842 Editorial Secretaries 1834. Daniel Noyes, 1835 1835- Charles Scudder, 1847 1894- Rev. Elnathan E. Strong (Emeritus 1842. Moses L. Hale, 1868 1907). 1847. Samuel H. Walley, 1876 1907. Rev. William E. Strong. 1867. Joseph S. Ropes, 1870 1868. Thomas H. Russell, 1876 1870. Avery Plumer, 1887 Associate Secretaries 1874. Richard H. Steams, 1875 1875. Elbridge Torrey, 1876 1906. Harry Wade Hicks, 1908 1876. James M. Gordon, 1892 1906. Rev. William E. Strong, 1907 1876. Arthur W. Tufts, 1892 1910 . R ev. Enoch F . Bell, 1887. Joseph C. Tyler, 1889 1910. Rev. D. Brewer Eddy. 1889. Samuel Johnson, 1897 1892. Richard H. Stearns, 1896 Recording Secretaries 1892. Edwin H. Baker, 1896. Elisha R. Brown, 1901 1810. Rev. Calvin Chapin, 1843 1897. Henry E. Cobb, 1908 1843. Rev. Selah B. Treat, 1847 1901. William B. Plunkett, 1847. Rev. Samuel M. Worcester, 1866 1908. Herbert J. Wells, 252 Honorary Members

HONORARY MEMBERS

From September I , 1910, to September 1, 1912

New Hampshire Smith, Harry W. O hio Stearns, Laura S. Bailey, Mrs. Florence Osgood Stone, Mrs. Sarah W. B. Alexander, Dea. James B. Goodwin, Rev. E. Albert Sweet, Miss Lucy Carpenter Beard, Dea. Ellsworth M. Leavitt, Rev. Ashley Day Warfield, Aaron R. Benham, Mary S. Washburn, Dr. George W. Jones, William R. Washburn, Mrs. George W. Mackay, Clara V e rm o n t Watson, Miss Clara B. Marsh, Mrs. Elvira A. Wheeler, Mrs. Dora B. Packard, Isabella C. Barnes, Rev. S. G. Winn, Miss Sarah C. Porter, William D. Carlson, Thomas Wintzbach, Carl Sanford, R. S. Laurie, Mrs. Sarah A. Tippett, Rev. Ernest H. Sykes, Aurelius Wood, Emma J. Connecticut

Massachusetts Illin ois Hedges, Rev. William Strayer, Rev. Charlton B. Ayres, Miss Kate M. Austin, Hon. Henry W. Talcott, George Sherman Ballou, Miss Mary A. Baker, Prof. I. O. Thomas, William Cady Beaumont, Miss Lua Beckwith, Rev. Clarence A., Wyckhoff, Rev. Herbert J. Bradford, George H. D.D. Came, Edward G. Bush, Rev. Frank R. Came, Mrs. Edward G. N ew Y o rk Cole, Henry A. Corson, Mrs. Charles E. Cowles, Mrs. Walter L. DeBerry, Rev. Wm. Nelson Clements, Rev. Edgar T. Denney, Milton Eddy, Russell Clyde, Robert N. Dick, Mrs. J. A. Gardiner, Frederick A. Cobb, Percival B. Draper, Herbert L. Greeley, Rev. Leslie Campbell Foote, E. O. Durham, Theron Hall, Miss Katherine S. Grosjean, Miss Elvira Earl, Miss Charlotte E. Hardy, Mrs. Joanna B. Harris, G. A. Eckart, Miss Louise M. Hastings, Dr. Robert W. Heapy, Archibald C. Ferris, Rev. H. J.1 Haworth, Mrs. James F. Herring, Hubert C., Jr. Forbes, Daniel Hoyle, Rev. Joseph L. Johnstone, William W. Galey, John R. Ingham, Lucius T. Merriam, Rev. George Ernest Gammon, Rev. Robert W. Kinsman, Walter E. Myers, Mrs. Antoinette Dar- Goelitz, H. G. Knight, Andrew B. wood Goodrow, Mrs. William Logan, Mrs. Susan Newton Newell, Henry A., Jr. Graner, Prof. Otto C. Mason, Mrs. Almira F. Nilsen, Miss Lorna Hales, Willard Mehaffy, George W. Pierce, Rev. Jason Noble Hall, Rev. George E., D.D. Mehaffy, Mrs. George W. Pritchard, Rev. Arthur O. Hamilton, H. R. Murdoch, Albert Riddle, Truman P. Jones, Miss Mary D. Newcomb, Rev. Edward H. Russell, Miss Janet L. Kimball, Mark R. Nugent, Rev. Henry Slosson, Mrs. M ay Preston Kimball, S. Herbert Nugent, Mrs. Henry Starr, Frank C. Lewis, Mrs. W. R. Oakman, J. Kate Thomas, William F. Lyman, Mrs. E. W. Packard, Charles M. Malone, E. T. Phelps, Walter Lyman Marsh, Mrs. C. G. N e w Je r se y Poole, R ev Francis Allen McCartney, Rev. Albert J. Richards, Rev. James A. Moore, James H. Shattuck, Rev. A. E. Richards, Mrs. James A. Morton, Rev. Charles M. Richards, Rev. Thomas C. Newell, Rev. William W., D.D. Schrader, Mrs. E. V. Texas Niver, D. R. Scott, Fannie Elvira Noyes, Dr. W. A. Sherman, Mrs. Robert C. Briggs, Rev. R. J., D.D. Patrick, Mrs. R. W. Smith, Florence Soule Rees, Mrs. Luther Pellet, Mrs. C. S.

1 Deceased. Honorary Members 253

Pratt, Edward W. Iow a W ash in g to n Roberts, Dr. Thomas E. Rockwell, Mrs. Harold H. Collins, Rev. Mary C. Mercer, Rev. II. W. Rogers, Mrs. Walter A. Greenwood, Rev. William Merrill, Rev. W. C. Sinden, H. P. Greenwood, Mrs. William- Skinner, Jam es F . Heddon, Rev. R. G. Stilwell, Clyde S. Mather, Pomeroy C alifo rn ia Thompson, Mrs. Adaline E. Updike, F. D. Pierce, Charles A. Walker, Rev. Henry H. K an sas Wallace, Russell Warner, W. C. Gillett, James C an ad a Wilcox, Mrs. A. E. Griest, J. E. Martin, Mary Wilson, George Landis Silliman, J. M . Roby, Mrs. L. L. Stark, W. L. M ic h ig a n A frica

Van Wie, Henry South Dakota Neipp, Rev. Henry A. Neipp, Mrs. Henry A. W isco n sin Miller, Mrs. Laura J.

Bamford, Mrs. H. J. C h in a Lodwick, Rev. William O regon Price, Rev. W. F. Schroder, H. P. Thomas, Rev. Daniel T. Hemingway, Mrs. W. A.