Sorry to hear of Arthur Henderson's death. Be knew him and his wife, s erweet and lmpretentious little woman, quits well and
I'll misa *Uncle Arthur'sn cheery grettug in the Geneva lobbies.
%%ilehe wars Foreign Secretary for Britain and a member of the
Council his courage rand honesty impressecl me on several occasione,
and the same qualities distinguished him throughout the years of the Pisarmanent Confsrenue.
His presidency of that Conference saved his life three years
ago. The collagse of the Labour Government, his defeat in his own constituency when, in 1931 (~ct. 2), Labour was overwhelmed (devaluation of the E), led to a break-&own, and when ha cane back
to Geneva ae rrs~identof the Disamement Conference he shocked us
a11 with the appearance of a broken and dying man* But the new duties kept him in affairs - big affairs - and he slowly reconstructed hie ego(l). He certeinly "won meritfqby his impartiality and
energy in endeavouring to bring pace to a peaaeless h'uror~e.
HenOeraon had two aides in his disarmaxsent work. One was
rhilip Woe1 Baker, (~niv.rrofessor: ~abour:) who has gublished s
book on Inter Conmanwealth relations. Baker had, for s tine, been hel2ing Xansen in, I think, his Auasian refugee work, and is a
humanitarian and a good duropean. A.B. must have owed much to him
dnring the first strenuous year of the Conference. And then Zilliaeus - w&illsrw to sll the qorld - a member of
the Information Section of the Secretariat, but o man of
character and opinions. Rega~dedira2;her as a "Bst&icaln, %illy is e+rongly Labour in politics and international in outlook. A
British sub3ect of Finnish origin and married to a fascinating
role. iTe worked together to some extent fn the Sino-Japanese question on which our views ooincided.
Bernard Shw went to Geneva once and apparently *%illyr1had
bedan in touch with him but arrangements, Be met Shaw at the railway station and introduced himself. MZilliacusl", said Shaw,
"why, I always thought it was EL telegraphic address," I knew Naneen but not very intimtately. This hero of the
Arctic, whose adventures had thrilled my genaratZon of boys, cams
often to Geneva as a Norwegian dele~te. But he was getting old
then and, in my tine art any rate, diB not seem to me to be very
effective, Bis services to the vorld would, however, have made
him an ornament of any deleg~tion. One of his colleaguee, Sarnbro, rresident of the Stssting, is one of my best friend8 in League
ciroles. I msked with him for year@in the Fourth Committee of the Asearsmbly. We fought together - it was rarely wrong to foPlow his lead - against bigger aula less altruistic interests, md often in a small but never hoyelesa minority, Concerned with the
finznce~and administration of the League, the Fourth Committee was nearly ery yeer, in my time, the scene of big 2olitical clashes on
questions of principle which seemed to us iaportant for the futwe
of the organisation. ~ambrois a fioter, a pod sL~eeker,
uses Xnglish as a rule) and hie courage is beyond question. Stoutly built, with a round, clean-shaven face, blue Norwegian eyes. Be told me onoe how his newspaper in Oslo had exposed the stternst on
Sir Roger Cescaent 's life when he was ysasing through Kowy en route to Germany du~ingthe War, and of a subsequent attempt (by mglish
politioal intereets) to ruin him.
Last month in Geneva Bambro waa ug to his best form. Lavel,
French I-~emisr,had come into the Committee with a proposal for
"economyN. He did not wait for Raabro*s ~geech,but it wtis the talk of the assembly - in spite of ~xeoccupetionwith %be paver issues of Italy and Abyssinia. The hornet not only bueeed but stung. Lavales intwventian wae purely for effect in Prance where he had been reducing salaries and was accompanied By demands from the French
Delegation for fresh expenditures. And now Hambro has joined the
Oxford Group.
While I'm writing about Cenew, I nay recall that I was dining
alone with Anthony Eden, and disoussing Bansig one night, when
young Uakey, his seosetary, ume in with a telegram. Aden saitit
"So they are moving ships. The Renown and the Bood are on the
way to *%ib." Ee arranged to see the French th8t night to inform them. 3% was a sensation - the moving of the British Borne Fleet to the b,editerranean, and a sign, unmist&eable, that CmEmwas in
earnest, 1 asked Sden as to the danger of war and he reglied
that i.~ussoliniwas incalculable: he might even kttack then,
Italian dispositions, naval and militeq?, hb-d been in Srogress for
some weeks - the Dodecanese, Libya, etc. General Le &nd called to see ae liere in Danzig last week
snr? said he had Just s2ent a month or 80 in Italy. In S$ezia,
the great Italian naval ~ort,he had found the Italians making
light of their situation. They were saying that they coule deal. with the British $;iediter~anea+nFloet at my time - their shi2s vere newer and G.B, would not dare to move the Some Fleet. This talk
ceaoed, said Le knd* when the Renoan and Hood appeared at Dibralter,
.Another thing Eden rsaid to me that night was that Laval, in a
conversation with him, had said, "The League, the League is Prance
and Britain and Italylw 33e had no use for the small fry.
Khich xeminds me of what General I)awes, U.S. Ambassac?or at
London, said of the Council in Eovember 1931, when it was in karis
diecussing the Sino-Jaymese di~pute. Be had been sent over to
keep in touch aa U.S.A. wee deeply concerned, and hsd seen no-one
and not even been present at any of the innumerable neetings. An
American adviser suggested he (liawe.) might see, grivately, one or.
two of the more active Council xepresentativeo, apart from Briand and the British, "1 have. no use for a town-meetingti, was his ay~ssaer to an informal rsuggestion about a visit to owneetings,
Arthur Sweetser told me that 3ezwes had onoe said that all a
diplomat needed was 8 good $air of feet and a stonacht Ehesewon
a oolleague, sotto voce, comrnentedr "It de~endson what you work
%ither' At my rate, Dawes was told quite clearly in Dublin that
he could not saoke his notorious pi2e in e Dublin dra*c~ing-room.
28th October* 1933 The Usual norningls reports - Hitler Jugend beating s Jewish messengar and %akSng leftera from him. A trade union leader imprisoned - qtxestfun of the ~uz].ftyof Volkstag deputies. The French Consul, going to see hia (~iarsar)Ambeesador, calls for a
talk. li;sltimatos, as mny do, that the fjeeis would get no more
them 25'jL in ra new etleetion,
, Conversatio~lrahaving Psilsd, I have a;rifei;ento rsesident Gseioer about the dlrupysesoion and seiauz~eof the Op2osition mem - ris lfet whioh isr impressivs in v&ew of the Councilta warnings laart m~nth.
29th October* 1935.
Lord Bobsrt Cecil in an wticle myat
*Si lton HLB demsnda pourquoi ils na llont (Is guerra) pas
&&fenduependant is *ripe extrGma-orientale, je rigondrai pue ce fut sedement paras que le gouvernannent britannfqus amit Bes doutea sur ees possibllit& de ooarcition oetntre le Japan, seul, en itabsence dea Btats-Unis, et sana I~ermeouragemenfde la prance,"
Lord Robert ahou3.d know, a~,for the fjrst few weeks at any rate of that long-dram-out df scussion at the Council, he was
Britlsh Re~resentatfve. Es was placed aside or, if I recolleat aright, ha withdrew, as British golicy became more ?recis@and shortly after the ilationel Goverment came into power in the autumn of 1931,
I certainly reeember Sir Job ~ratt,who was the &rincidaT
Far Eastern Advigor in the Foreign Office, psaying to me in a
private oonvessstian kt a pros08 of the Shanghai incident they
were afraid that my kind of economic sanction would lead to an irrunediate attack by the Ja2snese; that the weakenPng of Br%tish sea
power in the Far Bast sinbe the XELT had mde it vfrtwlly certain
they would be driven out of the China Seas. ?here is no Coubt
that much of the heaviest burden of my trouble which might bve
devslo2ed there would have falles upon Britain md that Brlti~h
economio interersts would also have suffesod infinitely more than
any other, 1 v.ol&esr), hotvever, if Cecil ia recalling quite clearly
the earliest stages of the dispute, fo~my recollection certainly
is that Britain was at that time the most cautious of the three lowers he msntians.
Brisnd bd during tbs fPmt nonth ox so shown independenae and
aourage as kreaident of the Council. The United States had gone
so fax airs far the ifrst tins to send a regresentative to sit as observer at the Council table - i?~%ntfasGilbert, It is true that there wae some retreat f'rora this paeftion at the karia meeting of
October adPiovenbar when Gerrta~al Sjawera came to hris fxon London
and contented himself by remaining in his hotel* But it was the
United States also who made the ffr~tdeclb~ation as to non- recognition of territorial changes brought about by force. Through
all the sulsseguent disatilesions one cle-ly got the ingression
that Britain was braking and clogging the aaohinery to prevent or delay action.
It 1s true, therefore, that Bri.tsin was certainly prerocaupietl by the can~i&eratioasthat the aain burden snd most of the sacrificso wouZ& fall ugon her, and that she felt ahe sac not strong enough to oarry it off alone. American opinion at that tine was pi?etty deeply stirred but there was no formal or legal commitment as in the case of League members, and one must notice that popular sentinnent kp the United States in appcsthy with Abyssrinis has not ero far led to any satdon likely to embarrass Itsly very rserictusly.
I think it is the "Hear Yo* Timesw wP3ich a few -9s ago said that if sanoti~n~fail in this case it would be due to absence of co- ogsration froa the Vriit~dStste~.
3e Wdarfags, who was by Teason of intellaot and courage the lea8ar of the groupof small Powers which fought for the Covenant throughout the 55no-Jetpias%ss dispute, was President also of the
Gorimittee of Five to hvestigate the Ttafo-kbbyssinian question.
Three different diglomata said to ne fn Geneva last month *hat de
Wbriaga was very Weals* an& haaa dieappointed mmy people. Italy is very much nearer Spah than Slap= was. I h~2e,however, that consideration is not a com'plete e3~plaaationof de Y~dariaiga's reported weakness. I had no fclk with him on the subject rayself.
30th October, 1955 Eugh XcXeill is dead - a brother of John, Jmes and Charles - one of a remarkable fanily. A scholar, Eugh ras lazy, to the xth degree, and sometimes dru.nken+ I did not know kin aa vie= as -
Job and James, but remember one or two talk@ with hint e.g. in
~aces'prden Pri Woodtom Park, kbout Larater, 1916, when his peculiarly wide and detailed &#owledge of unusual subject rs ixnpre~aed me. A pity %hat he could not use it better. He ue~rsd to wander into newspaper affioee Pate at night and ocea~iunallyin need of a little guidance. gugo, one of his sons, bas been Adjutant General
of the 1.P.S. amy, and he has at laacst ona charming &aughtex. I haven't seep %ugh for ten yeer~g, and one never heerd of him. The irre$resaible Xrs. ~ea$s has again oaught me for dinner - Alsie having gone to Dublin, Cosmopolitaa, ehs clearly belongs to the ( though her even her figure. The ivory fan, aonahetlmt, or fluttsrfng with emotion, aide the hpresraion, Ber &st husband was a British Consul - Boston, Nicaragua, St. Eiahal (a timy French colony-island La the Gulf of Sf. Lawrenee of which I had never before heard), the
Faroe Islandrs, ard then St. Petereburg. She praw it pass from
St. Pstersbwg to Petregrad to Leaingrad* and her tales of the Bed
Bevoluticsn fro= whjch she escaped, after many terrifying ezperienceiaa, a pour refugee. Hirtd, but a goesip whose tongue is not always reliable, socially ambitious wf th a flair of a kind for- social affairs, she is rather too pressing in her invitaitions. Her present husband is a timber nerchant who lived at Ode~slafox most of his life. She knew Bishop Count OmI).orkein ketrograd and be diners with them once s week to calk Russian snd play his quite im;jossibfe game of b~idgee
Pmzig received its ahme of rehgeea from Ru~lrs3.a and Nr8.
~e&s is an intereating type. Wyof them oma here a@ a good Swapling off grouad *era normal conditions would be restoslsd - and have naturally had no opportunity of jumping back into Ruseia.
Pi Lieto, Italian Consul General, has Just called to my good-
bye. He herd been appointed adinister' Pn Ecuador but Bcsclined, and
now soe5 to Rome, Be haa been pleasant participator in our little society here. A rather good tyge of Italiaa diplomat md geatlsmajt - and one of Ihe more in2;alligent members of the Consular-diylomatic
corps in the Free CPty. Talkfng toby of ira dangers of the present
Zzansig situstfon, he aald that the machinery of the League alight be
8ifficult to put ia notion but nfght be even nore difficult to stop,
And ha fez* the ram0 about the present League-Italian situation,
2nd Roveatserr, 3935
gay we1 1 be dssoribed as an historic day in international
affairs, Piftg States have agreed to apply sanctions to a gxea* ioner found guilty of making rar in violation of the ieague Covenant, and to apply these as from 10th Movember, Will they be effective?
Italy is not strong finanofally or economically but there are big ledke through Germany and the U.S.A. Then, there are Bussolini and
the aartiaP spizit he has moused fhroughout Itsly, Yesterday his aeropleanes cfsopped 1,000 bombs on an Abyssinian lorn. If the
Abyssinirsns can hold them for six months, intematioml law may pin a mccsrsr~whick shaufd mean several new orientatisas in Zurope. It may mean muuh in the mu it look fa' &stern Ehroge.
Dinfng few nights ago with Dr.Grund;mm, Eon, Consul Gerreral for Bu1garia, and weelthy owner oP the largest stores in Dansig, he tola me he .rpas on the Se~te'a@fB1ack Listu wttb about sixty otherr.
Xe said they weze ~geoiallywatched with the object of 8etectfn~:my
.tschaical breach. of lsw, He is openly &nti-B~tz%,and li~.%ysin a free elecfian the 93.S.A.3, would not get 205 of the votes,
Tn June, after the devaluationl he movet! 500,000 guilders' worth of @~dsfroa hfs I~lFrahrbranch %o "Jia, wk~rshe is opening a new brsnob - despite pulice effsrta to stop it. The law d5.B not prevent the export of gooas to Poland, This meat a oos~iderableSZaasa5al gain as prices here were kept at 018 levels,
Re a Jewish partneri
He had et mstomn ~f the H.C. taking tea in a ga~tbusi~ a country vilPage nearby and sbdecting to aaiisy Nazis in the same salla, Pure fmtasy, af course. 1 hear ocoasionally some of the stories cfropl2ated. One (from van Radowitz, Geraan Consul ~enaral) a feu months ago, tlaat H attended a mesting of the Pmierh Priesfa an8 urged them to go ahead in their policy and tkmt I wt13(i back then. MestiUess to say, X never attended arry such meeting, although twice T have reoeived deputatiowa from %hem to thank me for inter-
ventions on their behalf.
Novembbes 2adr 19358 The "Deur~igstrVorpostenfl, tha organ of
the National Socialist Pasty, has an article this ~orningcomeat%ng on the rafuoal of the Laterational CourL at the ague to appoint an a& hoc JuQs to represent Panaig b the case of the aendment to the Criminal Cobe. Pirst of all It expresses its regret tbt a iquaation sf %hie kin& should ever have gQnt4 to tihe Court instead of being settled with gosd-wi91 at Geneva. ThPe aeerms a little comic in view of the fczct~, I asked the Senate ts wfthdrm the aecree snd they refused LO diseusa it wikh me, saying tibat it ma perfectly corxect~ I eaid I '813uZd An~istupsa the Council taking tBs respoaef- bili.tr a@ to %he coastitutfozmlity of the Law. The repreoantatfve of the Senate said in %hat event they would endeavour to have Wle matter ref erred to the Yermanant '~ourt, I gohated out to hira at
Sbe tine tbt if this question wem sllowed to come 'up for deoisioa by the Counefl, aad/or, the Permanent Court, the result would be to put on trial not only the aotioa of the Mzig Osrement in the eyes of the legal world, but the -tion of Ger~aaywhose law heLd been copied bp Dansig. It would seem that this fact baa after two
month^ percolafed into what psslsos for a politirral rshind in Danzig;.
The writer of the article cwselu4es with the humorous rentark tkst the dscisjcon of the Court when knoorn will show whether a ;Pan%ig
Judge was neeaed or not8
Zarski, the Editor of the Vorpo~tsa, is now 23 years, ha~&&g
born appointed to edit the tarty98 official ~ou~lat 21. He
takes or&ers direat froa Forster, the Gauleiter. A sib, dark-
haired youth, with deep brown ayea, and with i% MBW ending in *skiw,
he preaches the 3aels doctrines of Hordierm md blood artd raoe to the
ra;laially-nixed population of this f~ontiartom, He night well,
from appaorarrcere be a hadsome yousg Jew.
6th loraraabes, 1934 Dined last aighf with ex-Senafor of tbs Port B~d.
Perbes, who waf~principal adrl~ort~ the Senate on foreign affairs
for twelve years, was there a8 sell as ifp. Prof, Kauffa~%~~,of the
Hospital. The latter feels very deeply humiliated by Cerium Eaef doct~iaeswhf ch he defines as bbaraus and rstediaevsll , Ee thi?&;la a revolution ail). come in even within BIX-nontbs, a view I bo not esharer, I LB~him, 'Where -0 the Ie.tz&er.~~P~md- he answerrs,
"Buger will be the He also say8 the Waei~would get 15s to 20% in a free eleation fn Danslg "wifh an internsfional police fsrceeH Perber thinker the "&aft durch Freuden p01Scy bg which
H.S. Yartr rr~enda hundredat and even tbausaa8~of poor people on free
Z~fp8to Gemrang and sXseWlere 5s hsviag s big effect.
&tract frbm one of ny epistoIam- ~u~~itieacctnsimed to V.k.3. t-
"Some reeks ago I have had the intention to write to Ymr
?9Excellencyabout certain aattexs. But in the moment as I finished
"my notice@It knock%& st the door, alas! policemen stepped in, and "the oomo~procedures rgzinst the foes of the Brown Government took
ttplatce, Uy aanuscriptsl &.er.o. they bk with then. The next da~ "wkern I did make my refurn of viaif they shaked hands with me, but "my written to give! baok they made no preparetfonr. Well, I am
"thinking they need the stuff for their muaewn wherein - that is & "fact - the atoxen goods furnished wlLth namesl me laid out for Nobjects of culture. Fine culture that, in which the oppressorr
"play the part as culturgtl guardfaas.
"In comparison to the bewing8 of those 2eophe who are fearing
"revenge is they colrmplain their sufferings, my tnpleasantnel~sesare
"leas important. Bow hard the Brown Dictatorship is lasting ugsn
"the peopf e of 3meig tells a remasoable sentenoet
'I Our suffe i.23 are P~8fii~~f@go-, When pu peris3 by the roabaaide Then Pt got you the brown tide.a
*Nore sf this wouX8 be heard if people could say wbat
"it think@, but their wings are farbidden, and tu have 833, opinion "ie aot allowed.
"Yee, Hitler fear8 the loss of Danaig, more, he fears the loss
"of hie head, then where a pear is rolling there ~ollothers too. "If chis occurs sumetSmss it neana only ~b.revenge of d~~e~op~ent
"against its despisers, it is thc iron law of perpetual repaying.
"I for my part do not believe in political ehristPan charity,
"Ifkewfse I d.0 not believe in the generasity of trasnpled fslke.
"Once a day the hate will reach the explosive efficacy of a whole
Posding of dpamite."
11th November, 192
&onsignor Carson, Hector of the Irish College in iiome, has mitten to the 3ublin newsgapers a lette~grotex~ting winst the ajji~lication~of &actionsto Italy - ''sttempt to stam 40,000,800 peopleHz '*position of Irish clerics vho are guests of Italyw, etc, Not a word about law between nations, ox the right^ of a
League member attacked by an Lm2erialist agmessor. A~ar%from the of Abpsinia every word Xonaignor C-on writs@could brs used to excuse any Imgerialist power from the coneequences sf grab.
The Catholic Church is, ofJcoursj;e, in a very difficult position even if its governments were not largely Italian in nationality. (over 50% of the ~erdinals.)
The ftlrish Inde3endentfl of course takes its cue in %rhat ie virtusUy a pro-Italian leading article. Ey intimate bowledge of this neariayaper for more than twenty year8 has brought convic- tion that its direction is entirely without princi2les or courage in any political crisis, f have $articu2mly in nind its behaviow in the Black and Tan eamgaign and in our tragic civil war. It is a business conoarn.
Bined with ~ieh&, who wea President of the Senate for several years. As we alighted from the car four young men converged, examined us adthen with2rew. i dice or Idazi.
Ziehol who is about ~eventyand for many years a Ciatinpished
Irsussian official, is no longer "In yalf ticstf, He gives the imgresaion of being cultivated and NweP1-bredw - while most, if not all, of the $resent government are obviouely yarvenu. Bot
%hat that would matter if they had 2oliticzr2 balaace rsnd cornon-
aenee. The dinner ysrty was mall. Count von Krakow whose old moated castle near uutsig (nos in zoland) has been occuyied by
his fmSly for 800 years, A tpical Junke~,rather boorish, in
fact, and with very limited interests, His wife, a striking contrast, vivacious and intelligent - s &uh;Fhter of the von 4 Belows. &Fraulein Schmidt, fiancee to L&hnrtis son, has just spent
a yeas in T,C.D, and brought messages from friends, such as the
Nisses Cunningbarn, Von i-aseck had a new otory. The ELing of
Italy interviewed was asked wWt would heyden to him if Italy won
the war. "1 g~pyosef would bBcome the Begus"; *48nd if Italy P0et7~~YPhen I might becrame the King of Italy." Von kaseck,
just back from ldiaxserw where he hsrs many connections, is certain
that $eckts day8 as Foreign Minister are numbered, and that there will be no further t?evelo$ment towards closer kolish-German relations,
Krabbe, (a me) fron Geneva has been staying xith me for a week, Efhs has been the officer in Geneva who has been most con-
cerned with 3anaig questions for the ldast cou~leof yearg,and had never seen Derneig, Bis visit is a kurely dwsonal one, of course, adExabbe had been frequently urged by Bottcher adGseiser and
other members of tbe Daneig delegation to visit the City.
Bbttcher dined with us the first night after Krabbe's arrival and rnade use of his first private convesssltion with Krebbe to cornplaln that he had not been consulted about the visit and knew nothing about it until that day8 he said that he suppose8 he had come up to see the O$$osit$on and ,socceeded then to attack the
High Conrais~ioner. This all mads an extremely bat3 im$ression on
Krabbe andl was another conf lrmatf on of B6ttoher as ~tugidity. On the same occasion Bottcher had a conversation with nyaelf, in the course of vrbich I said that I pxoyased very formally md very seriously, in my next intsrvier with :?resident Creioer, to warn him of the bngers of continuing his 2resent policy of ignoring and defying the League. (~httcberhad said to =abbe that there would be great b2fffculty In carrying out tha Council recomienda- tions with regard to the dhrsneohute law, which is, of couree, the most vital principle docf&ed by the ~ouncil.)
Since tbt night the Baas~igpeople have done everything possible to impreee Krsbbe, and beyond bringing him also into contact with the I-olsars I have naturally given them a free hand.
Greiscer kiss been absent attending Eazi rarty meetings in Germany,
8th November-
"Le !:;atin71publishes a story that the E.S. chiefs in Saneig aotually sroposed to the Senate to forbid my return to 3anzig territory from Geneva on the grow?&s that I had fng~redDsnzig
interests by my statement to the Council of the League of Bationsf
I don't know. SOW of them are ~~kpableof say kind of stupidity.
13th Hovember, 3.935 A trench is being dug in the garden thie morning - ostensibly to repair Orsins. It is symptomatic of conditione here that I take
note of any operations of thia kind. I heard from ex-mesident i, ~i&'t~*ll*I\& Z: Kanaehing some time ago that a cable had actually been laid from the
Senate to my garden wall with the intention of installing diets-
pbonemr during his ysriodl of office as the fi~etI.S. kresident. It
aame to his Isnowledge and he stoy2ed it, Several time8 since then
I have had resorts that the po,joct was being osnsidered. I have
had ta give orders, when leavirtg for Geneva, @to., that during ffry
absenoo no workmen sre to be allowed narjLsp my office under any gretext. The telephones are, of course, tajyed. hiy butler is a
spy. The Resyonsible ;arty leader of the Catholic &arty, is photographed on my doorstep by a plain clothes detective,
Count Amedeo ?onzone, the new Consul General of Italy, has called on me, He is rather like a caricature of a diplomat, both
I in manner and ~l;y,eariance. *~rYsdistinguew, his impressively curled moustacke and grey-st~sdcedZmi,erial beiard, will add to the vivacity of Dernaig parties, Xe told of his ~2cstinginterests, mentioned casually his 3010 pony, his 93 caeea of 2ictures end ob jets d9art, how he had shot Grouse in :~n~land(and the hands wsnt
uy in ecstaagf), and fished for salmon end trout in katerford,
and the music an8 theatres of Dresden, (where he had been left
for nine years).
f said to Gurefinimi afterwards that he looked like a
diplomat from the romances of the 19th century,
I Mught hs might have walk@& out of b ballet I once saw in
Geneva, "La Table Verttam, where B score of mincing mannikins, eye- glasses and cravatoo all correct, bowed and minced their way until the toy pilatole; ware Brawn and c~ack,ed. he next scene showed
Destb and Tragedy adwant md the crippled hwveet of par.) 4~w~*ird This noming Gursthimi brought me a story over whioh we laughed. St appears that in returning the card of the kolish
Xinister, payhe, the clerk, had addressed the C.C. as an ordinary w&onsiewrw and am5tted "1% ComtbM. konaone was furious and told kretti (the vie%~oaeul) to send back the envelope to the Legation with a written psote~tt The thing ~seenedincredible but &atits
Frenoh not being of the best, he had consulted (pivately( G, a8 Lo the composition of The Note8 f soared with laughtor - but hurriedly called in Beisrs to make sure ha8 had not also overlooked
the title vhiuh wsa represented on the visiting car&, of course,
only by a coronet1 f suppose a million of the $0,000,000 of
Italians have titles. Eevertheless ny anticipation that 1-.onzone
will add a touch of colow to our little Daazig society, seems well-founded,
ronzone reminds me a little of &me le Boy who was 3'rench
Consul General in Geneva and although I never saw him a@ delegate
in any cagacity, he wa~always on view especially when the 3hoto- gra~herswere snapding aome newly-arrived Bench Foreign dinister.
Le Roy was of no account but had "a pulli*as he was the
14th Movember, 1835
Eecelved a very nice note from Sir Psthus 2i2lard who is also sending a cogy of his new book an h3ropea.n situsstion. The Millards stayed with ua a few hys in the Spring, FalCaserly the 1qTimetss4 co~respon&ent in Xaehington, he became, about tan years ago,
Director of the kress Section fn %he Foreign OEfiae and we met them
~ftenin Geneva, A tall, good-looking and good-mmered fellow, with liberal eppatbiea and etn aaependent mind; he told roe hw was glad to leave the Dfplonatic Service and regain his freedom to write. Be goes now on a lecture tour in the UsSoAe -%,ere he will gather lherterfal for mother book on that country. f shared 'liT8s views on his late chief, Sir John Simon, but was sur2rised to find him an admirer of 3ammy EaoDonalB. Ee is an fiIntcrventioaistfi; i.ee believes his country cannot isolate ifself arid that therefore they should play a greater part in %mope in preventing; war, etc,
Sir Samuel Eoare has, since I saw him, (~illard)taken soma of the wind out of his sailst
16th Bovapiber* 1932
asLEnscay UeDomPd) twioe Labow ~zi1Bekinister aduntil two
months ago kPbe Xinister of the Xational Goverment, has been
beaten in the mglieh General i2ection. It is the end of hie
career unle~she mcerpts a yearage. Z met him a number of times
stt Geneva and he never imgress~dmar in that setting at any rate.
Hi8 speeahse haLd a @lighttouch of Bondescernsion and apastnese which
was somewhat irritating to intsmsttioaal audiences, adsmacked too
often more of ganmalitiar suggesting nwaolineeen of the headl At Commonwealth meeting8 it sae the same - the big father stuff and not very aleax- at that. One St. Patrick*~Day f eet at a luncheon
party of about 40 diplemats. I was -ring Shamrock and 3msa;y
was on the t)pp~sf%eside of the table. Ee spoke across tr, me,
asking for s piece of ahamrook, , I: prekended not to understand ad mised my glazier to bin. Then Beass, dfrec4Ay opposite, said to me in guttural Ebgliah,- thiert 86atrZ)arraPd rreanted to share fly Shamrock,
Qr hesitation hard been to ELVQ~~PBL bSnd of -i~e dernonstmtion but, squally, X wished to avoid either boorish manners or a;n =ti-aglish dmonstrstisn befare erPl the, genet~61I ~seraberer. So S saflinglr gassed a sprig. After lunaheon R. cme up to me &ad hoped I had not sbjeeted to his request. I htsatened to aesure hia. Be said he aleo was a Gael and OUT peoples had a common origin, That .gas chrasmiagg and I said that f rayself had s Scottish Gaelic ancestor from Xnvexness. T still think it was as well that I should have let hfm see that the Irish Shamrock needed no patronage - es2ecially in
view of the impression he had created at two B.C. of N. meelings,
A few ~zonthaji ago I had fatimats conversationrr wfth Sir Arthur
Willard (lately of the Foreign ~ffice)and found that ha had & very high opinion of R. MacDonald's abilities, as well as his character, adhe had worked with him much more closely, naturally, tbmy ehort acquaintance. After all, he had been )rime Einister of iihglad three theat The creator of WationaP Governmentw - Ptams~~yBacDonald acted with patriotie objective! vigour in 1931, even against his old oolleagnes of the Labour &arty. And the 3acGonald who was s conscientie~o3objector when '1~~s.rfever swept UgLarrd possessed high moral murage.
17th Soveabas, 1932.
When KrabBe was here la~twgek we talked 8 good seal of' Wench politics and beach po1icy.c The naraet of Aristide Bshad naturally hale o big place, BZ the seven or eight French Presidents of
Council whom I heve me*, BrPand stands out above them all. (I think, of course, of f~reigaaffaira) . I was preJu8ioed sgcsixlst him at firaf but gradually crae to adraise and even to regard the old veteran
with a kind of affsotioa and confiderrce,
I supposed he had sccarcely ever noticed nte until one secret meeting of the League Council in 1931 when I, wfth much trepidakion, raised a voice against procedure which had been followed by the great bowers, permanent inembers of the Council, in re@sd to the
Sino-Japmeae dispute. They had formed a kina of Snformal committee
and the other memberla of the Council were not, it was thought,
getting full and adequate knowledge of wbt was going on. Vie had been told a certain amount. 1 eleirrted equality for all members of the Covncil in this rss2ect aad said the successful ag2licatPon of the Covenant might be even more hportent for the z~mallStates; and peaetP the principle that we, elected members, re3se~aent~tdour electors, the Assembly. Briand was more thsn p.acious (as only a
Frenchman can 'be)# he accepted my suggestions, accepted the claim sf squ&lftr st once, and it gas in consequence of this that dis-
~ussions~subsequently took place ia aearet meetings attended by all exccpt the parties to the dispute. Briand once toXd me he had Iriah ancestry - (2 ~'~rien)- he was sl Breton, 1'13. slwstys remember the 2icture of Bsiaad, sitting,
half-asleep, with the ashes from hia innumerable Ca2orals sgnzead over hi8 broad waf atcoat. One would think he scarcely heard the discussion but, ~uddenly, he would take past, picking out easentiala and e~resaaingopinions in clear, wistakeable and mszingly adroit le~ngwqp, Be spoke only Fregcrba
The Italian and French memberas sat side by side at the horse~hoe table of the Council, Sctialo,ja, the Italian, was also sleepy-looking at the table but in my tine, at any rate, showed little - indeed none of the briPliant activity which Bad madtic him a reputttion. (perhaps hJussolfnilsdislike and indifference to the Leame waa rae9oneible).
One day in a neathag, Briand nudged his old ompmioa &wake after a dull and tedious disoussian. Scialo3a tu~rredtohim with mild
proteatt "Ah, mon oher Brimd, eat-ce-que voue souffrez de L'Oasomniar?"
Brirsnd warn noLorioua a@ a diffioult leader for his delegation8
they ssid he would not read dooumenta. One never aotieed aqr hsndicriap. He always ~~bfi~edinvitation% to evening partiear and it was runrioursa thslt he had really read all hie dacwnentlrs before
8.j0 a.m. each morning, ffe i?en$oye&reading detective stories ad he said he never knew ?&a* he had read as he promptly forgot them.
Ee was a fitisherman - & 18 Franaaiain - sitting for hours on 8 stool by the river bank in Brittay waitbag for the ooxk to bob.
Krabbe (whose wife is ~rston)sayo Briend rent fishing in old clr>t;hae - though the Lord -over he was never a &ud0 - and coming from the river one da$ wars met by two genkrrnes who thought him to be a ~wspiciuua-2ooking tramp. They a~lkedfor his papers and he ssid he never esrried papiers d'identivla'. Asked who he war ha said he wa8 the &esi&@at &u Coonseil, For this ?*bpu&encerfthey brought him to the village gendarnerie, It is so easy to picture old Briand, Mh his hurnmity and senrse of humour and absence of hat
Is calf ed "dignityn trud@ag along between his captors, Of course he made them go with him to the caf; afternerds to solsee them with a glass of wine.
Brian& waa for long the only persaneat element In French government. The cabinets would fell, half-a-dosen in the year - but ErPand came back to us, 1 remenbsr Artbur Benderson, while
British Foreign Secretary, smacking lf3r5a;nd on the houldar, a little
too heartily - and declaimings ¶@Cabinet8come and Cabinete @;a but BrP~adgte8 on Tor evsraw Beither of that understood the other, of course, so perhaps fL was all right.
3riaaB was certainly the greatest I"rex1chmAn 3: b7te met, OT wen. But his monument in a Breton willsp heL8 been &aubed with paint - "traitre" - and so one troubles to remove it. The Croix 4fu 9- and other raxkremists of the Right hated. ha. ae said onae to half-a-dozrsn of us st Quai die)rsay, when we were pr@aerkng far some sctbon, in a depscating wart *You nust samenber that I, too, have my. difficulties Pn intsrnal paliti~s.~ blf the zrsss of ka~is,bought am a;%@ eomonlg believe&, by ~8~~neaeacmey, was eranzpafbmbng spinst ha, or ;rrsther against etszy devsslopmr.nf of
Comcgl policy thieh depended In the end oft hgl8~1dand Prance.
Neil, France wuuXd Pet fstelkng sore caafor%abl.~atoday If she had given ;f3rimd" 2yofioy of aoncilhation with Gema. trial,
18th AQV~BIB~~.19z
Fifteen yewe of bgpy aarried life with iihie. Cod ble~s
To&w begins the greatest exp?rbent in modem historyz the
&$pil.ieation of econonio aad f irzsszcial ~anctiansby the League agalln8't a peat icrwer. Italy is beflagged in rleffmce. 7.'dll the
League suoceed in enforcing law on tho lawless and bring peace to .E:uroi>e for twenty yews at any rate? If "sanctionat' - econalr;ic
udfinancia2 - a2pear to be s;rucceeding,aill %usrsolini decide to go down in a blase of the milit-r glory he hets sung for tea yew8 - that would seem to be too md, but no one is certain,
19th Wovember, 1932
Gauloiter For~tsr&I made a speech in the presence of
LLTelssibent Grelsrtr which oeems to gredict open defiance of the
League, He says the tima frs oam&ng when the Opfiositfon Hersen will b~ behind the w~llsof & concentration namp - the terror of Nszf Gem- - st~ldthe new flag of the Fatherland will fly over Dansfg, Z don't think this is %ot airn preliminary to carrying out .brs orders of the League Council. The struggle bs begun md will, I think, now take a critical form.
Forrster ias & young man, very self-osiaiormted, and like all the lewder8 of the new Germ= revolution, never hears, o~ allows himself to heas, l&~t$-tbingcritical of himself or Par%y. Be 58 s frontierit, but rat an inter~tfon6JL1point like this - the meeting plscs of conPPiet;ing interests - 8 hges to everybody, irrcludirrg Germany, Hs olaims to represeat the Ptrhrer, demands obedience even from the Senate. I am told he 2s known to Hitler as PiBobby* and was a pugil unOdstr Eitlss's sister,
The oity has been filled far the 2ast week with runours of a confliot between Forster arid Greiser - the former reqistdng the fulfilment oi' the Patter'a pledge@ to the CounoiP ragarcling the
Ccnatitution, I alms held that Dreise~ha2 not the guts t:, fight Forster - physioal courage, yes, but he is not the man to go into the political wilderaess, as Rauachning Bid under similar circumstances a year ago, But X gave oredeno~to the story that he (~reieer)had accepted a high post in Oermaa abhistration - rather than face the Council -in in January with unfulfilled yromises. It may be kt Sxeiser has r~oeivedorders from Germany to hoA4 his po8es.t;. le shall see, I have warned Greiser and now can only avait the outcome.
20th Bcsvsmber, Senator Hami Zerenger, President de la Cormnission Senatorkale dea affaires ~trsng;'reia, has ma,de a speech at Parie, syaaking of "la sube du Eaote luf-menee - bsciiuse it has missed a great opportunity is yemitting in oerta3.n regions the continustion of slavery1 Be also speaks of the abuse of' tho v6riti;e juridiques in regetrcf to Italy.
The ahacting epicism, or the intolerable humbug of this man.
The most psornaunceii isolationSst $n khglan8, cantemptuous of the Learns, could not equal it.
Ey indignation is due to my having Piatened to several s2eeches by Bessnger at Geneva a few years ago. kt the Assembly in September 1953, Berenge~was on the 6th Co~mifteewhich dealt with n5norft~questions. (~hortlvbefore, acting as rapparteur to the Council on minority questions I had tfid to deal with the
rather well-known case of Bernstsin, a Gezman Jew in 7pger Silesia and which, in a way, raised the question of German prsecution of
~ews.) A sub-conmittee wa~forme4 to discuss drafts of a resolution which, while not mntionbg Germaay, were deeignad to conderan her yublioly - not on the legal basis of the Silesian Treaty, but on general grounds - the rights of am. Serenger led the band, ably assisted by Omshy-Gore, a British CabS.net iiiniuter. Bexenger matte epeeche~about liberty, equality and fraternity which even at the tiize f found nauseafing. He went out of bia way to throw ta few unexpected bougutats 6.t me, 3: believed his object was merely =ti-
Germsn and T believed it to be the worst possible yolicy for the League: at the tine I said that with Eetsi-ism just oorne into power
%t waB like &g invftstSsn to Germany to leave the League, So for Berengerte buuquetss I ~efwneda ,few mrgg~stianr~- saad in his mrachffte. I mcs backed by Dr. Lane, tZzst 5-d old
Saorwegian gentiemn, Onasby-Gore raa round the! table to show ae an sstcolvlt in the HTime~nof Nazi stracities, I dihtt like the: atroci.tiea, but I also didn't like Ormsby-Gore% interference, though
1 knew it was viell-meant. 018 Bareager chagsd his notes for flowery conpliment he substituted what were virtuttllg threats - nchacun prend s& rasponaibilitS(se. fl There was then sn adjournment. ambassador von Xeller +old ne afterwards that his delegation had at first disliked my ineertrention, but he had himself seen that it was friendly and halyful. I had indeed said openly that while the
Bench p~~oposalvas general in its wording, everyone in the world
wcrld know tbwt it was nada with reference ta S-smany.
An attaok ras staged in the *ass (4*~oumaldm ~ations") against Lange and myself and he (bnge) referred to this st the next meeting, I joined hi=, but added that 1 aould only consider
it & com$liment that my name should be associated with that of a mn whose honour and integrity ma8e him an oxnment of the League of Nations. He .raas much touche&.
I regret now that I dSd not force the attack on the Beranger proposal. 1 feel I aeslkitned, Naturally, I had no kind of instmctionrs from the Government. (such inat~ctionewere very, very rare arid on league matters were usually bad). The fight nas o~ntfnuecton other lines (~zech-~ollshproposal, etc.) b~tI yief ded to the general views of the Cornittee.
Germasly had left the League dthin ore month adI firmly believe her decision atza partly Bue to the fmpressions carried away by Goebels of hia exporiaaces in the French-dominated RsseabPy, as . well as ta thc position creetad in the Disarmament Conference.
Omsby-Gore's spseoh, by the way, was excelleat. Busotag (~epsntance~sy) - all offices and shops closed and most people onc meeta are carrxisg srsaths to the graveyards, An
Evangelical hali.dtsy dating from the Eeforulatfon.
The care bestowe8 by the paogle here on the graves would be a model fop Ireland. This fntere~taccounts for the etrikingly large number of florists ir Dmeig. dnd on All Souls* Night candle8 8eck >he mavsa like colas2;ellations of stare.
Wsveatber 22nd. 1933
The sky has been a uniform pq snd temperature at zero (c.)
f~sthe past few day;lia, The politinal aftaation is warmer md an
ootsasfonal story lightens the tensrion. The Oberaatatlasurwalt
(chief i~olice~.~oaecutar) was spendbng s sooial even- with some
of the Haai jsur#alia$s, including Zaraka, an8 after dinner and
drinking, the party went to a dancing place of which I had never
beard, Gurstiniari sraya it is "a low Elace". The aheap schnapps
passed freely. In the room was an official of the kolish Legation
who waa showing a Warsaw Jsurn~~lfatround Daadg. The C.k.k.
recogn%sed him and shouted in o loud traicrer The kolee will rsaw
us from the Baef gangsw,' Consternation, of couree. The Nosi
dournalists trfed to rcstraia the C,P,P,'s e~berance,but he had
drunk himself past that. Zar~kiweat out an& brought back to
S.A, ma, but when they tried persuaeion the C.2.P. is eald to hawe
432ruck me of them, declarisg be was na free msurN,
The story COP^^ froa the kolbsh affiairrl who witneesped the affair, This 2raseoutor has been respanoible for all the yroeecu- tions Ze~unehed against the oyposition elemsnt~- acting, no doubt, on orders and in accorckncs with the Nasf bh~ltsruschung, f guess fhsre will Boon be a vaclanoy - or an intensified effort to show that s certain officer is 2007c..
Ben k~ofoseor Dr. ~o6,head of the International (and) Ship-
building and Lngineering work@ (formerly Geman ~aval)is one of
the most interesting personalitfrss in this tom, hrly in body,
vigorous in rind, a good talker in three langdages, 14s; controls
(under an international ~oard)the greatest industry in Danzig.
He was born in the Sfaerr and takes a childish delight ia txaoing bXa descent from a noble Prsnch ,PkEmllye In a ho1.188 oramed wAth
valuable pictupe~and silver, I believe his morjt trecsmed poseeaarpiorz is a postcard illustration of an 018 Prsnch chateau where s Hoe
faily lived, It is always poaafble that this obsession is not only
a hamless ~nobbishnosefor the ,c uspicicrus Mordfc might Bee in Boeiar
magnificmit leonine head and slightly aquf line noae the possibility
of a great-grmdfathor who had a~rriedan Aryan. I. myself coal4
well see it as a Bench type. But there is little bubt about
Frau lo&*s mixedblood. That tfiese things enter one1. mind is indicative of the ~ituatfoncreate8 by Nazi-isds ereay ftmaticiam
against the Jew. lo& is a very sealthy ran and telle ine he puta all.
his money into land, eming three large estateo.
1 have .fee greatest respect far his intelligence and political
perspicacity, He bo~aEuraye fron %tsoow to London anu St~ckholm
to &me, A great man of affaixs. He baa to play- a o~urefulgame
hers end maintain8 cantact8 of EL close character with Basi ad
EociaL Bemoer&,, Like myself aid mqother objectire observers, he sees in young Forster a danger to Geraaay, ss well a@ to Jkumig,
(9'Wyears ago the assassination of Chancellor DdfUs~;of Austria was
u~uallyattsibuted to Germany, rightly or wonglp, because of the
wild campaign conducted agtiinst, Austrfax, fndegandenzce by 1Jasis of
Forsterts typlz. Last year 1 mrneiia couple of Cernan officials that
porster mi&% well end Gemhopes in 3)annrig as they brra bean ended, or at least fndefiaitely postponed, in ~ustria,)
Dining in Count mn Krairowts old castle at the beming of
September, I found myself in talk with PO; and von Hagens, hesident of the Daneig Supreme Court, Bon Hagene knew that I had objected to the law mending the Criminal Code so that gerson could be convioted %n aooos&ance with healthy (i.9. ~azi)public opiniont* even if his offense were against no law, He began to make asgumentar se to the new prSsacipX~3fibling a vacuum In the legal systan, e,g. the theft of bctxicityl I very smpbtieally said that f was not going to take resgonsfbilify for allowing the law to paass if the Counoil found it in acoarth.nce with the Constitution, well and good, but &feared the consepusnce& in a place dominated by Bazi ids&@, &f the ulp&iretting,of a legal principle which Z thought hrrd existed far two thousand pear80
To ay surprise ROE, usually dtscreet in the presencre of others, lntlervened to say X -8 quits right and .that otherwise life would become isnporssPble in Danzig. Ton Hagen's heart, I felt, ma not in hirs defence of the new law,
Dining with me Last week, ~okoffered advise and philosophyr
Do what you thinat is right* it 1s a ma*^ beat reward that he should never bs ashmed to face hinself in a mirror. (Ey om mother's earliest teaohing,) And hjs last words were, Eold fast t
Fell, 1 had juat been telling him I had every intention to hold
23ra 8svembar. I=
Otto 8on liladowitx md his wife (The Geman Consul ~eneral) dined alone with us last night. Els father an9 g~andfathe~were
%a the Gem- dPp30ma.tic servioe. Be bad been fa the service,
(~oscor,etc.) but had retired (various versions) to Finland, until after Bitler aame into powen, when, a$ s member of the N,S,
Party, he cart% back and was ap3ointsd to Danzig. He bdbeen married to an Mglishwomtwr, but ar~ts divorced Qrring the wax an8 his present dfe f s a Finnish SaeBe, sr a SwadSsh Finn,
I like yon RadovPts. Be is fntelligsnt and sincere ad good compaay - a rare ccmbiruaf;ion in Dmzig. I speak to him quits opmly, but ss I have Little say in pri-rtate that 1 sfraid of,
$fie quebation of good faith does not come 3.n. And Z have confidence in him - he is a man of the world ~urdwe miat well find ourael.ve% on hsstile eidea, but man should kt happen, one saxl always have liking ard res;/ect for a goo8 oppolzent,
1 spoke on politics to hb far only 60 seconds before we began a bridge foursome. f sai& bat if Farster*s speech wee8 a sppton of forthooniin~events, 1 would be campehled to bring the case of Forster openly before the Council and also to point out that
Forrater claimed to exercise authority a8 the re;;lresentative of
Adolph Hitler, the betad sf a foreign state. I was not anti-Geman, as be knew, but Cerme~n sugport of an antideague policy in 3anaig woul8 only continue wikh the full knowledge of the Councif.
Ee mummed some weakly optirpigtS~r~mark ad I mid 1 only
wanted him to kriow in advance, Bfs personal peaition, it seem8, h&~improve4 - and he aaye he has now stronger fountiatione under him in Eerlh - in the &arty es well as in Vilhelnstrrzsser It might have been better, he said, if the official reyresentativee in DanzSg were not Irr the rarty. I knew he was referying to Porater*s claim to give osdars to -all members of the 8.5, Party In his district - Gerrncen Consul General adSsnstsfiatsSdent include&
At the dimes table I laughe8 at von Hadowite*~descr~ptfon of hia first bterview with Count konzmer he l~okedlike prestAgitateus and one expected every moment to set hian yroduoe the rrabbite out a£ his hat,
1st D~eaba~~..1933.
BDVWT SUXDAYo An Adve~tKr8as ax wreath, cir~lingand horPsontslly auarpended an ribbons from a wos8sn pedestc~~l,four candles in arre~lthof which one is 3ffShtet each Advent Sulzdagr lirrtil Christnas Day, when all four are lighted. A pretty cuetoml
3!4$y rseari-official. dlaxy notes for the past few dayti dl1 record the opening of what must be a mjor cri~isin Leage-Panzig affairs. Ky Punch dth Greiser in Bottcher's house; his gratuitous insult to Man in the psesenrre of ?iobinson, British
Consul GeneraLt his intimation that on that afternoan he would azu~otwae in the Volksfsg the Senate's deoS~ionnot to oar- out
the Councfl'r~ recarnmendsrtion~and my grave w~ja,%tlf~gto hb4 Baron de La Tournells (French ~onsul)rho nrs also present, told
me afterwards that ha thought Grelser was frightened by sn~fwarning8
T dd not get that S~~preseian.
And th~nthe Sgaeoht not mel~elydefisvlt of but nnx~eceserarfXy
offensiw to the League,
And his unfounded chrg& against myself. And his public disclosure of what S ihad priva%slylearned r30a him - tbf the new anti-League policy is possible bewuse of Ger~flaa +es~n&mmt- in fact a warrring to Geneva1
I am very worried and veqr mxious. The directors of the polScy are oounting, no doubt, on tne general sit;uation in Bibrope - some peogle think Xtaly's threats are bluff, but asmy see arrtsr
clsuda hovering4 BrPtafP etnd fiance are full preoccupied$ no one howa wbat will fallow the decision of >he League oxt an oil embargo if de~tdedupon on 12%h Docexaber.
Eierspe2er headlfne todayr "&rope o Errro~oterstgkgUf
7 Bct the DmaSg ai4xa8tion cannot be neglected. It is difficult to see tbe posaibillty of any comp~omiae- the Lea-me must enmre its decisions being carried out,or must abdie8t~m12 Danaig.
And though no one likes to 2r"ophessy in the present; inter- sational cMoa, it seems to ms that the my &n which this question will be treated will deaide not only the valueoof tbLewe guarantee of the Consti-tution and the Le~pe~s2restfge h "%stern
Europe, but also the fate oF>aazig~sstatus, As Pagee says,
sever81 b&ll#ons d'essai have been sent ug here but h~vebeen
pssyased in Berlin,
And behind all is the terrible financial and economic muhdle the Nazis hzve made in Wmeig - a very critioal situation which X do not overlook in estimating the outlook.
I am going to Kersaw for a day or two, I suggested it some
montb~ago ~indtwo days after C's a;leech, the iolish Xinister proposed
that it should t&e place this week. And after that to,Geneva for
Borne talks before presesing fox the January Councril meeting.
8th December, 1931
Just returned from ~Yarsaw, Tho ~~olesmade it z; forms1 ad
officiol visit, Usis and I were net at the Dastzlg rsilw&y station
and. con&ucted to the eay;eoially dec'o~atedReception Room, along a line
of iolish railway officials, behind whom stood a line of Past~ig
rolice, In the room waited the three principal Counsellors of the
relish Commi~sariat, with other rolish officials and their wives.
&be. presented Usie with a bouquet and then we made another cortege to the train. be. haye'@, wife of the ~olish
ILiniater, waited at the steys ~f %he State Coach, which had also been grovided. She accompanied us to !.'axsaw, The caach had four
sleepers and a salon, About 20.50 yeme we were met in 'GTarsaw by bepee, Count Lubienski (on beblf of the Foreign &ini%ter)and Me
Xarlevoky, who was att~schedto cre &ring our stay. After the usual fleshlight photographs, we, all went to our hotel, A car was also
placed at our dispoaal by the Go~e~ent,i7e stayed, of course, at the hkroke~ki- perhaps the real meeting place on the Continent between &st and West, as ro~tSaid is by sea, Tired, we st8 a
lete sup2er in our room, which looked out oa the great 2ilsudski rlacs - m emgty looking square where fornerly stood a magnificent EZussPan church, The ,oSes c?emolished it some years ago, regarding
it as a spbo3 of the period of Buesian subjugation. Even at that
time there was some controver~yabout if, at3 it was a fine piece of architecture.
In the morning, a skim of snow decorateti the somewhat drab
strasta. Alsie got son% shop names and rent out in a &osky (&xi open bor~ocarriage at a eloty a triy) to find eorilr~ of the shoes for
w is Justly fmouo, 1 went vStb &arlsvsky to pay my official aalls - rzresidsnt , eta, I sent casda this time also to the diplomatic corps, I hstd a talk only with Count 9snbeck, the vice-
Tiinlator for Forei- Affairs. &ch tiaa we a22soached anything
faintly resembling an inquiry, he said that Beck personally
dealt with Dsnzig mstters,
I found a letter waiting for me frorn Sir Howas4 Kennard, Britiah
&bassador, rho said they were in mourning (~ing's sister), but he
would like us to Eine, or lunch, or at least have tea quietly with
them, I had suggested very few agyointaenta and so vas eble to
lunch with him yesterday,
l;e Itnncksed the first 6zy ~ithColowl Eeck, the Fortsign
Xinister, dark hair arid eyes, un-Slav looking, and his vivacious
wife vho talka and talks adis oharming, withal in an i~yersonal
my. In a $arty of about eighteen xith the deputy trine iv-inister, we were the principal pastetin the old ralace,of our friend Count
~ac#kk$(nor r-olish Ambassador in on don) which is the residence
of the linister untfl the official kouee is completed. It was here
that the traasfer of %hissaw government was formally completed in
1919, before the German evacuation and the facsimile
signatures are inset in the table used, After lunch 1 had my talk *$;ithBeck - satisfactory nought he again em;;jbasierss that zoland will. neglect none of her duties (re:
~anzig)as s mcsmbes of the Council. Lie ifraked If I mula see him again at 'i;a~saw, or he would come to Gdynia, after I had made the flsonckgesMat Geneva. Me did not know how far Ismeig action was local ox insgi~edfrom Berlin and, with a, hint from ae, ssid he would hare his representatives in Berlin, London, etc., asked to interest themselves. The January position should be carefully yregared, I ssid that taezer why I @asir).\;areas and was going to Geneva,
We dined st Simon i Steaki, the fatnous restawmt, a amall company, adhad a box at the Opera - *The Gipsy Baront1, very gag end one or two girl dancers xho %illbe emo om be red, Then to a boite de Muit, kt the table next to us sat no less than seven rolish Generals8 The army occugies a big ijlaos in i olish life.
Cabaret quite good.
Msxt morning, sono shop2ing and an Inspsction of the iresident '5 ialace, tPd the King Jan Sobieski's beautiful Little chateau ( ) on the outskirts.
Lunched with Sir Howard adLady Kernnard in the British ihbassy - alone. He is on good terms with Von Xoltke, German Ambesslredor, and gramliesd to inform bin ~f my yreoccu2ations,
Aftsrnaonr E1s hut for her inevitable souvenir and Lrs, Beakls
call on G. A gayish dinner in the Hotel before finding our sleeping
oar. V'arosw is drab but to &pgrseiate it one ~ustvisit in the
innmerable private "palaces", ~retentiousand rather dignified
in aohitecture and artill filled with tokens of ~olishariratocratic
life. Rather s friendly city, attractive in spite ofthe poverty
of many of its million ~iwzd rr quarter inhabitants, Of cowae, the visit was a political demonstration - following Greiserls insults and challenge to the Leaye, an8 an opportunity
far sounding the iolish Go-rrernmentls position in view of yossible
&eve1opment s.
9th Deoember, 1935
Von Radowlta called on me, Bs hBbeen in Eerlin and had seen the FoiPeSgn Xinistetr, von Eieurath, following ay fast conversation when I had warns& him that the Geman relation8 wftb Danzig had now
Been publicly brought into question by Greissr9a s2eechz and ket I would be com$elled to raise the question of the source of' Forsterts authority.
Von Radowitz said he had been oharged by Von Beursth to say offio%ally that the speeoh represented in no way the result of German
government'^ inspiration, It was contrary to their wishes and he
WEIB aatonish~dat ths httacks on myself aai% the League. The most formal aesurauaues, which von N. would like to repeat to me pe~eonally on my way through Berrl3.n. I was invited to see Ton Eleurath (whoa I had met once or twice in ~erlin). This invitation place& me in a difficulty. The Ciplomatic fiction that Germrrny has nothing to stay about Danzig mat be min- tainad, es2ecially by me. i!y predecessors (certainly Cravim ) had, it was pointed out, made calls in Berlin, 1 reglied that st that time Germany was a member of the League Cevncil an& bdCouncil. interests.
I had in mind that they might lZke to have a sot-off to my
YJsrsaw visit, but Von ,9adoute volunteered that it v~ouldbe ke$t from the ~ress,and that it could take place in the ~rivatsresidence,
I told Von B, I found it extremely difficult to accept but that rather than say "noH at onoe, f would reflect on the matter grid see him tamomrow.
I'm afraid the Eoles will not like it. Count Szembeck had ask& rns in Piaxsew if I ever saw yeople in Beslin and Z explained that Z had even avoided my personal frien$s there, but that I imagined it wouf d, at this stage, be useful to all oonoesl.ne8. He put me off by saying that Beok dsolt with all Danzig matters hinself (which I think is quite true). I did not remember to drop a hint to Beck, but later mentioned it to 'apee ad. Lubienski.
Lubienski said nothing, kapee said they had didiked Grevinats frequent calls there - "but they had confidenoe In mett. So there
the natter rested.
Yon Zbbtvits reasrkiag that in Berlin I was esteemed, mentioned my yart in the Sino-Ja~aness affair (1931-35) and 5 wondered how that had arisen - was it ss s result of discussing the possibility of influencing ma through the British and someone reoalling bvidence that that would be unfruitful? I don't knows perhags not.
It a2ijeaxs that Greiser net Von Neure~thafter the Se,tember
Council meeting and it had been understood that the Council's recoaumsndations would be oaxried out - rhatsvsr might be Bone administratively to reach the same ends. But Forster recalling soma private conversation ~5thAdolph Iiitler, holds that A.E. told him the League didn't matter!
Beck's bubta as to how far the Senate's actione were ins2ired by Berlin end my view that it was, difficult, if not impossible, to regard Forstar as taking hie ideas "from the airH remain,
After much ~ersuasionfrom Von Badowitx end s pressing requ~st from Von Neusath, I agreed to aee the letter on m;y journey through
Berlin, It was with hclaiteation an& kbt I agreed .to see a high Germ - especially as it night be remxded in some quarters as s counterbalance Lo the $Jarsaw visit. It 91ras however definitely agreed to be strictly yersonsl, and strictly secret, and as it nrss to and discuss the activity of a Cernan offioial, Farster, in ~anzig/might help to ease a serious complication, I felt it cauld bs justified
before myone,
I called on the German Foreign 3nister in the k'ilhelmstrasse
and talked for more than half an hour. 1 had met him ~reviauslyin
Geneva at the Council and in Dufou Ferrice9a house. I described the situation in Izanzig and said it was mainly tine to the actions of
Forstex who claimed to act in the name of the ReichsETesident, Von
14. said it was not German palioy to raiee Danz;&g now, that he had
understood the CouneiX1ra recornendations would be cmrieh out, and that
the difficulty about Forstsr was partfculssly because
he held official poaitione &o in the Beieh,
I said 7: had exhausted my effortse an& had been met with grfvate
threats adpublic that Gemany was now being involved and
I ksd again adagain wmmed his official representatfve in Danzig
that that situation would &rise now, The Dmzic situation, of
course, was a~tpit~xnsnent.
He said it was not in Gemuan~r~sinterssta and he would see if he could get Fa removed.
I said that that would be a beginnfmg, but only a begiming.
I refused a luncheon invftatfon with and lunched with 3ew2ey inotead, Ee was full of the usual conflict^ sith the
3eyartment; and on the Ttalian situation violently pro-Italian, anti-
League, anti-5ritish and against 38 Valerats action in &?plying
sanction^, But two years or GO in Berlin has seen an extraordinary volte fsoe in his former admiration for the Xaeis.
In Geneva, fo~three bye - and I never saw it in such a ferment, The ,Anglo-French yro;)osals an8 arsuecislly the Brikish particf pat ion hsd aroused indirntion and a mnse of outrage, ldajor Abraham,
%nglieshConservative, eoula only repeat at intervals, "But 3: thought
Baldwin asts an honest manM. Frank Is%tsrs, in a note asking nae La
3woh, said, "Re have all got one in the golar ylexim. if James, the
Daily jiisil journalist, (violently anti eanatiorrlst ncarsrpiaper) said hhro2a wa~a11 saying MFerffBiaus Albioni*, The British Delegation felt it and knew the situation and could only draw satisfaction that they w8ze not alone ?*inthe madH - the French were &h theat Anthony iden was carrying the burden of it, and it was not kia policy, I felt abarrasssd at adding to his worries, Re talked for three quarters of an hour and I found him, as ever, most aympa- thetiu and ready to help. Be appreciate& the graviky of the new
3hmreig problem, We discussa&a131 the poeraibilitie~an4 a line of diplomatic action, pdor ts %ha Januaq CounoiX, is to be suggested by bln %ohhisGoverrunent. 3: &so talkeddtb Burial and WsigU.. Sden ap2roved whole-heartedlg vith my Berlin visit - the othera were non-comiltal. Eden olondoled with me on my job, I saia It wa~ nothins %o his and he replied, "1 getting if a% the moment, but you must have it all the time," Krabbe, sgeaking of his visit to Denefg, saia that he believed Z had more united su2port from the
Council than any previous H,C. Ii'aSCers, mentioning the January agenda, said that if there were any hope of my aaceyting a re-s2goint- entire Council be "on its kneesw to ze, But nent, the would
allowing Par friendly exaggeration, 1 found 1007, supsort in Geneva,
f 8 ene ouragiag . I &so talked with Rajehmann, the rolish 3irsctos of the Bealth
section, and I got some views on 2olish imer politics. H. is a
gmall, dark man with some? Jewish blooa and a nran of peat intelligence
md sincerity. The army, he says, will more end more dominate Polish
yolicy and the axmy doeg not txuat Germany. I put St to him that
Bsck'a Geman polioy was not going to be reversed but that it would be
halted, would be developed no further, wd that a batter relctionahly
with We~ternrowerrs would be sought for. Bs entirely agrear8.
19th December, 1935.
Von H, called. Says sequel to my visit was that Vsn Beusath saw both Hitler and Goring re Daneig. Germany does not knov if things will turn in a such a way as to make it desi~erblefor her to rejoin a reformed League and, generally, bxe ia &isapproval of the policy pursued in Danzig. Portstex has been asked for an imediate report.
Spaking to Von H,, Forster expressed surprise at Greiser's
maladroit ~peechtr Yon R, was disgusted but could not disclose his knovledge that F. had forced G. to this policy, (F*) seems to b@ preparing to sacrifice Greisesl
Greiser also told Von R. that his reference to ae in his syeech
(which he had admitted to kakee was wrong) had been founded on B
statement by a third person that he had seen a letter of minel
Such are our leading statesmen.
Ws, Barton, "the Queen of Gene=", is dee8. A grand-daughter
of Sir Robert Peel, she had married an Irishman named Barton who was
Britiesh Consul in Geneva until his death znany yeers ago. She was
the principal international (unofficial) hostess in Geneva, with a lovely villa an the lakeside, She spent muoh time in the public gallery i3;uring conferences and liked to think she could alwaxs put two and two together, She overlooked us for our fir~ttwo ;years in
Geneva until I found myself ~5thsome little po~itfon, I supgom~ she could not understand our lack of interest in her invitations, She was Mret12-y~esenredfl(ad gave that imgressionl for her years - ? 70 or mareer,
Once we sere invited to maet'the King of the Hsdjas when that
ATabQas potentate wa~en paasage, 3lasie found it hard to submit to the Saga that tea could not be served until Boyalty had arrived - a French Ztuchsss of 18th century vfntags laid Corn, bwer6tr, +hat it waa bposrsiblsf &d when 8.E. arrived he quickl;lr retired fnto a corner ~5ththe game ham as "Corinthian BilliaxdsN, This, I believe, was the 1ws which had brought him to ?&B. %rt~ll'~party,
I tJ.lk it was on the meoccasion when Anthony Sden arrived at reaitaption on the afternoon of Gemny*a withdrawal from the League,
The stress and burden of Leepe dfsfrs had been heavy- an Isden and tht &Eey I was shocked with his &$pearanee as a result of the German bombshell, Be was young, however, and resilient, "A stricken mantg
aigkt have desrcsibed hh.
&c in reaent years a,ruee a pre&enb~to the throne of We.
Barton, who had Is~t~oaething by im aeyartwe of ths Drum~londs to Rome, - Bs. Sullardl an herisan, with, I think, a strangely ~QmS?ar ty$e of supsrfioiaf mhd. There wae gossip 02 amusing incidents in the socSa2 wr.
On the side* aided by real intolligenee, youth (comparative), and ap Irfah tersrjsrment &nsL sense oi huour, bs. E.B. Bukfer was an infinitsly sugerior t72e of hostess. Lady Drunrmond, with her Dreaden head, was not much ixiteraseted and did the ainfmwn, although that was a lot, nt doubt. Uas (lT.igerfl) Howard, Drummond9a personal secretary, aay have been largely seponslble far the unpopu1&~ity of the lbwmu~dsocial reghe,
SbSaauel Bssra, bas resignea. Balewin has said a public wP~o~~~n.a. hoped to Be next Prime Einister. It seema a big career has been bmkern, On the whole a tribute to decency of 3ish osinhon, I think. Uval bol4.a on but the! Anglo-l!2ench pssposals are dead, Ia the oil enbargo dead, too? knd KussolSni sakes mother world wspsschN - aecrepif old E21~ape oawzot keep Italy from her plooe in the sun.
2924 December, 1931
Edentr ggmtntrnent api Foreign Seextstery rstrher sur2ri~esme - at~f~i31l.yon &ocoz~ntof his youth, gierhajw. He is such a likeable fellow, with the gift of &ing friends adwithout the drawback of so many i3nglishmen abroad - what is called, perhapo rightly, their superiority complex in evidence. Bis honesty adsineeritg acoount fos muah ia League affairar and Geneva is still iBmopelsl diplo~zlatic centre. Z like him trnd he makeas ayl imeproacheeble partner ae
Bapaorteur for Danzrig quaratiog~r, He will eerq ra heavy b.ur&sn for the next year*
28th Decembs~, 1955 Xe have had a strenuous Cb~istmas- from my point of view. Chiliken very happy with many presents, ea huge Cbistnas txee and sone parties. On Christmas Eva *e 1md the usual oelabxation for the househaEd staff in the dining-roam, A #ma11 txee with candles and the huge Bmdesohuss%?mfilled with sweets art5 nuts, kfefferkuchea
cakes etc., and their cash p-esenta (two wwks wages for each). And the singing of the mwt beautiful of all Chriatms hymns - *'Stille MachLU - while all Eerrschaft and sertrants held kisnda around the table. The bull-8og provided diversion by parading round the circle and endeavouring to get some play. Captain \+'ally, of the aglish ship *Baltaviaftand Una &ortishe& Joined us in ftxnily dinner on 25th.
Gn 26th, we went to von Belows for the old may's 80th birthday.
Once in the Geman diglo~gaticservice, he 5s one of the great land-
omera ha *The Corridore and his tvs daughters ase married to other la8omsra in the same 8is%siot - one to Count Krakow and the other to pug Count varn Keyserliqgk, A ooP& buffet with Bamkuohen -
l~sdeby slowly revolving a 'LO$ bsfore the fire while the batter
&rips an to it.
A short lettar frog Strang, of tae Farefgn Qffias.
a5sh I csould say %ha$ 1936 will be es good year,H Very peeailai~t5c
as a New Yer&%rtemeeting, but 5% hdicrrtaa how seriouer the si%ution
1'3 viewed fpos London. John N~maus O8SU11Pv~srf fea wi*h a budget of homo, news - not muoh more ohearful. Ee is much worried by the groposed and fmrainent abolition of the Seaate and the abaenoe of
my serAous attemgt to m3 the Anglo-Irish eooambc war.
Moumd Beaee, for 15 pws Forefgn Efnirseer of Ceecho-Sloverkfe,
has bean ch~setlas kresident to asuccsed M~~~titaryck, He has uoe@upi%da big piaee in iatsmatfonal affairs - whdch 1s a synonya 2n reuent yssrs for Lsacgue affairs. S-ll, unimp~essfve in appearance, friendly and kntellbgent, - an Irish delegate (was it Freddy ~olanrl) once rrtmarkrad to me that we had may 1Ske hita In our County Councile - which araa either reference to his e~~esranctsor veq i@oxatJ Ee
har, I suppose, made the Lf ttle dnfente and oonsisfently played 8 sols
in Geneva, A Uaimrsity krofeasor, of humble origin, a patriot who
joined Wsaryuk~elittle ~ewlutiourycommittee in YarSs when the war broke ouf, the guide to a country in a znost difficult political and geographical situation, be has evoked not only adnri~ation,but also
one sight also aay affection, Last Septembert as &resitlent of the
Bssmbly, he gave s reception to a thousand pesta. Xn the course
of %he evening he walked me I@ an& &own fox twenty minutes talking
mostly of Germmy aad her intention8 &nd the hope of a pacific
mientation to her ~olicyr
A couple of pars ego (early in 1933) at a dinner, I sat beside
hh. We were calking of thaa Disamamaat Confe~snceand the desira-
bility of s settlement with Germmy. I said to him thae a countsp
like Germany could not be kept down and that no peace could be built
in &ope on a Cerman~rwhSch wae keyt in s condition o$ inepuality auzd under the heel. A little to my surprise, ~)erhap8,he agreed. but he wafd any geographical change@or proposals would now mean war).
1 sa2d that it had often seemed to me that tho geographical frontiers had been dram not so much to help the new Statepr as to weaken
Ge-y. He told me trrt he w&e in Paris dwhg the tsace Conference and when he learned the propcrsal~l for Cascho-Slovakiaqs frontiersr he ha& gone to the gre& Powers to ask then to fee &way a aillion of the Cernnasle who were to be fncluded in Czecho-Slovakia (whioh has about three raillilonle), They r~fu~ed)he said, ar~dnow the frontiers were made snd must remain,
That wae befare HStler erne to power, before Gsmaxry left the
League, adbefops she re-amsd. I introduced him to De Yalsra, It was rather a contrast - this mprstentioua and not-quite-insignificmt-looking little man, and the dark, tall, reeerved Pseaident of the Ex-Council - r~thereonsabous,
sonstima, of his own iapportance. In Geneva, of course, Bev
suffered from BOD@ hetn&icaps, his inex~srience92 international affaix~g his light %acpabtance with other Gwo>em atatesmen, -and his short sight.
28th December, 1932
An English-speaking party of 24 to dinner and pee. &s. Bobinson records as notable memorise - an effective if slightly inebriated Smpresaisn of liapoleon created mainly by ny cocked paper
hat 8 Gunthsr von Pessck l~cpadinghf ls group in a Nursery rhyme competi-
tion while knowfag none himself t the wonderful (or &are-ful)
drawfnge of a baby-in-a-bath fn the Identificatios~,game! to hicb, I
might add, Consul Gaziexal Robhsorn a8 tb8 2fepgurp in a charade, Our
annul riot is over, Robinsons', Callmans, .pan fasrscks, Eligha, Cmndemanna, ropharns (~8.psquibs 8) Salter, Ginnoahis, Dns, etc .
30th December, 193% The E?&rquis of iPeading &fed tohy - a Sew who held saxie of the highest posts in the Britfsh Empire. f met bin s few tines when he acted for some months in 1931 as Foreign Secretary, snd was much
impress~d. The ffne lines of his distinguished facet gave him, as in all human relationshige - a ?sgoo8atart''. I admired him so far as our limited acquaintanceship enabled me to know him and it me a sad day for %gland when he gave way to Sir John Simon. He succeearsd
Henderson, and. then CeclL, st; the Council meetings for a fa* w;ldtkSrr
incPu8ira.g the Paris meetings.
glst Deceniber, 19a.
StaoPirzg over niy muLre?urt, deplorfng the staff holiday^ this week which delay ma, and meetixre only one, 8e;putation - of railwagmen to tha* ne far Ckristmas cfg'a-*sl
Count Edwarh O'Bouske, Biahop of Dmeig, called ta see me,
There axe some note8 about him my papere. I thlak it was his great - (or only) grandfather vha left Ireland and eventually took service vuith t'ile C-r, winning flt.lesal?&BaPd high plaar; as a soldier,
Ei8 descendants were rastfy in the $.my or Navy, lnad the fmlly estate in wbt is now Lithuania, Speaks Zolish, Eussiatn, Italian,
German ESQB French very well; English not so good and the rtinour rhiefr (I conf@ss)rather alarmed me before I arrived. tbt he alao
@poke Irish, arsla nnfsurnded, Psa8131Blp more Pollsh in feelimg than snythfng else, fhs BiaPlro;l;, marfnfaiaa a oertaia semtbantal regard for
IreLsind, and fa proud of hi8 Irfsh 4e;eacant, &fathmstfcproblem = if his great-grandfather mr~iesdEL bPe ur a Russian and ditto with bf grandfather and father, what progastion of Irish bfos& hshe?
his is really a reflection on some of our hornst "polltical" argum'ents).
lii like the Bishop very much, lm.ndare glad he so often ccrmels to us, oscfallly orl aa today, on a mired miasion,
d gentle CbiztSan is how I most often think of him, I am not aure if he ie entirely happy in his ysesent diocwe - with its
always pugnacious clergy mc its increasingly bitter ,olitics. 1 6.- i'a4,Ip 2,?.,+'.2 geputations of fhs 1.r.'~have been with me from time to time, me the
leader, Father koske, when I on an occasion gentle suggested that the
ish hop might be consulted, said, quite oysnly, %T. Sigh Commissioner,
I must tell you that neither the zriests nor the Catholic i-~eoplehave any confidence in their bisho$,jl I ~rotestedmildly adsaid that in Ireland a Bishop would not be so regarded, late^ Father goske told ae the r,r,'s h&d written directly to &me and showed me e co2y of a reyly which stated that they buld, of course, take all necessasy steps, in agreement with the Bishoe, to 2rotect Church interests, On another occa~bon, in connection with a yetition, the Bishop told ne be had known nothing about it, It is true, 1 think, that the Eishop, as ~lsiesays, would be hag2ier admare suited to an Irish cathedral, or sow $lace where be could losk after the poor md the care of souls without the anxieties of a kolitioal revolution.
In the middle of the elections here last is-arch, when I was inundated with coinplaints from Catholics md Socialists and all the waon-conformfng*telements, 1 met the Bishog, He told rn9 wlth innocent glee that his rooms at Oliva were being re2aired and ha was occuhying a cell in the Convznt of the Grey Sisters. Ee had no telephone and no one knew where he was8 I asked him if he could not find another cell for =el But later reflection nsGe me ask myself if a more pugnacious type would not have been more &ctive,
(Two or three 2riests had been arrested about that tine.) But
2erhsps it aould not have aade much dfference.
I have recor2ed aorr~emherehow Count OIKourke came in to see me
one day to talk of some business zatter and in hi^ hand carried, oh, so ingenuously, a co2y of - ulrelandts Own". Some one had sent him tnis innocuous g~oductof our leas sophisticated writers and, I b~lleve,His Lordship %as not sbose B little demonstration of his Irish sentiments4
The Bishop called toby, first with New Yesx's greetbngs, and secondly, to report a peouliar happening. A Herr G-i, of the
German Rational Party, (and not a catholic) had celled on him and arsksd him to let- me know that =teen men of Eitlerlw bodypara had arrived and taken up reeidenus in Langfuhr. Thefr mission, he had been told, was to assault, if not to kill, the leaders of the
Opdosition. They were to carry out the policy of intiufdztion which Forster had said will be develoked.
Kith s different kind of govemmen.1; I could make enquiries about thia kind of TWOUS, a& perhaps check any such 2olicy if it fa really serious. But in recent ~onthssuch representations with the Nsaf leaders here have beoame utterly useless, They answer with Band prevariuatiori,
m$ the story may %ell be true, I cannot forget the incident of Hen? hslsse, his iolice yermit for a pistol, end his certain &re- knowledge bt he would be atfiicked again.