The Aerospace & Defense Forum Arizona Chapter October 8, 2013
Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology
Daring Mighty Things
a presentation to
Aerospace & Defense Forum
October 8, 2013
Lt. Gen. Eugene Tattini (USAF, Ret.), Deputy Director
Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology
…and it began Jet Propulsion Laboratory August 12, 1998 California Institute of Technology
One of the “most expensive space disasters in history”. New York Times 13 August 1998
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Cause and Effect Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology
¾ Electrical short
¾ Kapton wire
¾ Out of position work
¾ Rush to launch
¾ Industry consolidation
The Last Breakfast
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Jet Propulsion Laboratory Extensive uses of Space in the California Institute of Technology half-century of the Space Age
Civil Space National Security Space
Commercial Space
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Jet Propulsion Laboratory Civil Space California Institute of Technology
$17.7 billion in FY13
Science Human exploration Aeronautics 35% 60% 5%
Jet Propulsion Laboratory JPL History California Institute of Technology
1936 1940s Today
1958 1950s
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Jet Propulsion Laboratory JPL’s Mission for NASA is California Institute of Technology Robotic Space Exploration
•Mars
• Solar system
• Exoplanets
• Astrophysics
• Earth Science
• Interplanetary Network
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Operating 19 Spacecraft and 9 Instruments Jet Propulsion Laboratory Across the Solar System and Beyond California Institute of Technology
Two Voyagers (1977) Cassini (1997) ACRIMSAT (1999) QuickSCAT (1999) Mars Odyssey (2001)
Jason 2 (2008) GRACE (2002) Opportunity (2003) Spitzer (2003) Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (2005)
CloudSat (2006) Dawn (2007) Wide‐field Infrared Survey Aquarius (2011) Juno (2011) Explorer (WISE) (2009)
Curiosity (2011) Nuclear Spectroscopic Instruments: Telescope Array (NuSTAR) (2012) Earth Science Planetary Astrophysics • MISR • AIRS • TES • MLS • ASTER • MARSIS • MIRO • Diviner • Planck (1999) (2002) (2004) (2004) (2009) (2003) (2004) (2004) (2009)
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Earth and Mars share several features
Grand Canyons
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Great Volcanoes
Jet Propulsion Laboratory Only 50% of the Mars Landers launched California Institute of Technology have worked
USSR: Mars 2 1971 (crashed) USSR: Mars 3 1971 (landed, radio died) USSR: Mars 6 1973 (aero data, crashed) USSR: Mars 7 1974 (missed Mars) US: Viking 1 1975 US: Viking 2 1975 USSR: Mars ‘96 (2) 1996 (failed launch) US: Mars Pathfinder 1996 US: Mars Polar Lander 1998 (crashed) EU/UK: Beagle II 2003 (crashed) US: MER Spirit 2003 US: MER Opportunity 2003 US: Phoenix 2007 US: MSL Curiosity 2011
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Traveling 100 Million Miles to Mars
Navigation
After traveling 450 million kilometers, the rover Curiosity arrived at Mars within 80 meters of its intended landing site…
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Navigation
…the equivalent of teeing off in Los Angeles and sinking a hole in one in St Andrews Scotland. And the hole on Mars was moving at 60,000 mph!
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California
Video Curiosity's Seven Minutes of Terror http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/video/index.php?id=1090
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Mars Science Laboratory Jet Propulsion Laboratory Mission Overview California Institute of Technology
ENTRY, DESCENT, LANDING • Guided entry and controlled, powered “sky crane” descent • 20×25-km landing ellipse • Discovery responsive for landing CRUISE/APPROACH sites ±30º latitude, <0 km • 9 month cruise elevation • Spinning cruise stage • 900-kg landed mass • Arrive N. hemisphere summer SURFACE MISSION • Prime mission is one Mars year • Latitude-independent and long-lived LAUNCH power source • Nov. 2011 • 20-km range • Atlas V (541) • 80 kg of science payload • Acquire and analyze samples of rock or soil • Large rover, high clearance; greater mobility than MPF, MER
ChemCam (Chemistry) Mastcam (Imaging) RAD (Radiation) MAHLI (Imaging) REMS (Weather)
DAN (Hydrogen)
APXS (Chemistry)
MARDI SAM CheMin (Imaging) (Isotopes) (Mineralogy) NASA/JPL-Caltech
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UHF Radio
Rover Motor Controller Thermal Fluid Loop Spacecraft Computers ChemMin
Power Electronics & Batteries
X-Band Radio SAM
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California
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Parachute
2003: The Skycrane maneuver is born
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CSI: Mars
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Opportunity at Endeavor Crater 9 years, 3,309 sols, 22 miles, and still going
Off-Earth Driving Records
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Jet Propulsion Laboratory Image of Earth taken by Cassini California Institute of Technology July 19, 2013
Earth and Moon, as seen by Cassini on July 19, 2013, from 900 million miles away
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Jet Propulsion Laboratory Multiple Ways to View a Changing Earth California Institute of Technology
AIRS – atmospheric temperature JASON – sea surface height GRACE – gravity
QUIKSCAT – wind MISR - aerosols TES – trace gas
MLS – ozone layer CLOUDSAT – water content Aquarius - sea surface salinity
Jet Propulsion Laboratory Deep Space Network (DSN) California Institute of Technology
Goldstone
Canberra
Madrid
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So what’s next? Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology
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Continue Development of Upcoming Earth and Jet Propulsion Laboratory Planetary Missions California Institute of Technology
Orbiting Carbon Soil Moisture Active/Passive Jason 3 (NOAA) Observatory-2 (2014) (2014) (2014)
InSight Mars Science Rover 32 (2016) (2020)
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Continue to Develop Technology Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology
Low Density Supersonic Decelerator Deep Space Atomic Clock Ground Terminal for GSFC Optical Supersonic inflatable decelerator and Enabling a paradigm shift in deep Communications supersonic parachute space communications, navigation Demonstrate high data rate optical FY 11-14 and timing communications for future deep space missions FY 12-14 FY 12-15
Spacecraft/Rover Hybrid Printable Spacecraft Ghost Imaging Techniques Interplanetary Cubesats For exploration of small solar FY 12-13 for Astrophysics and Astronomy FY 12-13 system bodies FY 12-13 FY 12-13
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Apollo 11 & Curiosity Rover
“Do not go where the path may lead. Go instead where there is no path and leave a trail.”
- Ralph Waldo Emerson 34
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