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Home , Model United Nations, Mohammad Reza Nematzadeh

ODUMUNC 44 Old Dominion University Model Conference CONTENTS

Schedule 3 Conference Staff 4 Welcome, -General United Nations António Guterres 5 Welcome, ODUMUNC Secretary-General Diego Feliciano 6 Sir Brian Urquhart 7 Bodies and Topics 9 Security Council by Country 10 General Assembly Delegations by Country 11 Commission on the Status of Women by Country 13 CELAC by Country 14 House of Commons by Party 15 Caucusing Blocs 16 17 Crisis Simulations 17 Faculty Sponsors 20 Delegate Conduct 21 General Rules and Procedures 22 Awards 26 Recent Award Winners 27 Training Sessions 28 Remembering Jean Gazarian 29 Start a chapter: UNA-USA 30 Sample Resolution 31 Resolution Tips 32

Zoom Meeting Times 33 Rules Short Sheet 34 11-13 February 2021

Old Dominion University Cover illustration: from the United Nations Geneva stamp ‘Peace Doves’, Norfolk, Virgina issued 10 May 1985 On-line

SCHEDULE CONFERENCE STAFF

THURSDAY 11 FEBRUARY SECRETARY-GENERAL’S OFFICE Conference Registration ...... 3:00 – 10:00 pm Secretary-General Diego Feliciano Training Sessions ...... 7:00 – 9:00 pm Under-Secretaries-General Ana Camacho, Katie Keith Head Delegate Meeting ...... 9:00 – 9:30 pm Nathan Overton Secretary-Treasurer Christian Ortiz

Assistant Secretary-Treasurer Miranda Willis FRIDAY 12 FEBRUARY Conference Registration ...... 8:00 – 9:30 am CHAIRS Opening Ceremony ...... 9:30 – 10:00 am Security Council Alexis Smith Session One ...... 10:00 am – 1:00 pm First Committee: Disarmament Rakan Alzarqa Lunch Break ...... 1:00 – 2:00 pm Third Committee: Social, Humanitarian Mason Berry Session Two ...... 2:00 – 5:30 pm Sixth Committee: Legal Liam McGee Dinner Break ...... 5:30 – 6:30 pm Special Session: SDGs Amanda Crocker Session Three ...... 6:30 – 9:30 pm Commission on the Status of Women Troi Dixon Head Delegate Meeting ...... 9:30 – 10:00 pm Community of Latin American and Caribbean States Ana Camacho House of Commons Nate Overton SATURDAY 13 FEBRUARY Crisis: Iranian Sophia Porter Session Four ...... 9:30 am – 1:00 pm Crisis: Designated Survivor Brendan Shull Lunch Break ...... 1:00 – 2:00 pm Crisis: Interstellar Brendan Wagner Session Five ...... 2:00 – 4:30 pm Faculty Meeting ...... 2:00 – 3:00 pm CRISIS MANAGERS Rebecca Beach, Michael Neczyporuk, Closing Ceremony ...... 5:00 – 5:45 pm Helen Sharpe

ODUMUN OFFICERS MUN President Becca Beach Conference Coordinator Samantha Taherian Student Activities Coordinator Sophia Porter

ODUMUN STAFF Director and Faculty Sponsor Aaron Karp

OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY ODU President John R. Broderick ODU Provost Dr. Austin Agho Dean, ODU College of Arts & Letters Dr. Jonathan Leib

ODUMUNC XLIV - - ODUMUNC XLIV WELCOME, UNITED NATIONS SECRETARY- WELCOME, ODUMUNC SECRETARY- GENERAL ANTÓNIO GUTERRES GENERAL DIEGO FELICIANO

UNITED NATIONS - NATIONS UNIES OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY MESSAGE TO ODUMUNC 44 MODEL UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE 44 NORFOLK 11 - 13 FEBRUARY 2021 11- 13 FEBRUARY 2021

It is a pleasure to greet the Old Dominion University Model United Nations. Distinguished Delegates and Faculty,

Today, people around the world are inter-connected. Conflict, environmental It is no small thing that ODUMUNC 44 is happening. The circumstances have destruction, poverty and injustice affect everyone. We have to work in common been challenging. We all know that. We all had to make compromises. But this cause for our common humanity. All parents want a better life for their children. conference—hosted on Zoom—is an accomplishment of which I am very proud. All religions value peace. All communities thrive when they value diversity. For me personally, the conference is an extraordinary honor. It builds on the At Model UN, you broaden your horizons. By learning and networking, you can be work of the entire Model UN Society at Old Dominion University. It builds on the part of the UN’s efforts to establish peace, secure and enable all work of my predecessor, Marvin Allen, who got this year’s conference started. It people to live in dignity. builds on generations of Society members who cultivated this event, building it every year starting in 1977. I have called for a surge in for peace – and for a new emphasis on preventing conflicts. We are also working to improve living conditions everywhere It reminds me of why I was attracted to the Model UN in the first place. It was through the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. friendship that brought me into the Model UN. I was attracted by the opportunity to develop my public speaking, my debating and skills. And I am In all these areas, we can benefit from your enthusiasm and your ideas. I hope thankful for the chance to travel. Above all, I am proud to lead the team that you follow our social media accounts and stay fully engaged in your communities. brings this conference to you. The United Nations stands with you as you stand up for our shared values. Together, let us create a more compassionate, inclusive and peaceful world. The ODU Model United Nations Society has a stellar record of 44 years of experience. Our priority is a conference organized to the highest standards. As António Guterres, United Nations we move online, we will stay in touch to ensure that your expectations and the Secretary-General needs of your students are met and surpassed. Warmly,

Diego Feliciano, Secretary-General ODU Model United Nations Conference 44

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The thin blue line to lose one’s weapon was a disgrace. He might limp like an ex-soldier (parachute failure during training), and enjoy the logistics of operations; but he was an impartial desk man now, an Sir Brian Urquhart died on January 2nd international civil servant. The initiator and overseer of the UN’s operations was 101 His view of the UN and its role had begun with high romantic enthusiasm in 1945, when he was only the second staffer hired. He had wanted to work for the , and here was The Economist a stronger chance to build co-operation and prevent future disasters. Experience had left him 16 January 2021 deeply sceptical of leaders and revolted by war’s waste and violence. Two events seared him: the disastrous Market Garden operation in 1944 to seize German-held bridges over the Rhine, where commanders bent on a dashingstroke ignored the intelligence he gave them; and his consuming rage at stumbling on Bergen-Belsen, where the corpses piled up like logs at the perimeter fence did not smell, because they had been reduced to skin and bone while they were living. Peacekeeping was not mentioned in the UN charter. But it seemed fundamental to create safe zones while reason was brought to bear on conflicts. Among the five secretaries-general he worked for, his deepest admiration was for Dag Hammarskjold: a loner, almost a mystic, with an evangelistic passion for his work and for preserving peace. Hammarskjold’s death in a plane crash just before his own posting to Katanga left a void in which, for years afterwards, he still saw his face and heard his directions. at the UN was seldom so good. He judged , the first, to be out of his depth, and a status-hungry mediocrity as well as a liar. His work could be trying, too often arguing the toss over deployment or sitting, numb with annoyance, in some conference hall while antagonistic delegates sulked over seating plans. In New York, sclerosis and elephantiasis had set in. The Security Council (that “Awesome Organ” as he mockingly called it) had split at once along cold-war lines, which made arranging peacekeeping all the harder. Decolonisation brought in dozens of Third World countries with new agendas and views that tilted against Israel and, therefore, annoyed the . All through the 1980s America’s WHEN HE CAME to, Brian Urquhart found himself on the floor of a truck full of drug-high neocons, especially fierce Jeane Kirkpatrick, railed at the UN as if it was a troublesome sideshow, commandos. His nose was broken and streaming blood, and he was bruised from a thorough though one they were happy to use when in a bind. He began to wonder whether it would pummelling with rifle butts. Much of his clothing seemed to be missing. Every so often, one of the actually survive into the 21st century. boots around him would administer a kick. He was not as impressive a disputant as he would have Something of that original romance still glowed, however. Even as he witnessed, after his wished. retirement in 1986, terrible peacekeeping failures in Rwanda, Somalia and Bosnia, he stayed He was sorry to be a disputant at all. That was not why he was in Katanga, a breakaway committed to the idea that there had to be one place and one international civil service dedicated province of newly independent Congo, in 1961. As the UN representative there (a job no one in to problem-solving on a global scale. As the perils facing the planet mounted, so did his appeals in his right mind would have wanted), he and his force of Moroccans were meant to be keeping the peace between Moise Tshombe’s Katangans, the mutinous Congolese army and the fleeing the press and at the Ford Foundation for the UN, the world’s best hope, to be streamlined and Belgians. Now that he had been kidnapped and beaten up, the UN was in the fight too. Soon reformed. enough his force was battling rebels all over Elisabethville. His peacekeeping days made him realise what a reasonable, co-operative world community This was not what peacekeeping was all about. Few knew that better than he did, for he had might be like. He was always moved to see soldiers from every corner working as friends in a been in at the inception, when in 1956 the first UN Emergency Force had been sent to Suez to common enterprise—as he also was to see, in some disputed zone, memorials to UN soldiers stand in their freshly blue-sprayed helmets, ex-American GI issue, between the armies of the killed “in the service of peace”. He might have been killed in its service himself, that night in French, the British and the Egyptians. Together he and —his most valued colleague Katanga, but at the time he was fairly sure some UN Gurkhas would haul him out. As it happened, at the UN, who had won the Nobel peace prize in 1950 for mediating between Egypt and Israel— the only real damage he sustained was his broken nose. Non-religious though he was, he liked to had devised the peacekeeping rules. The force was to be a buffer between combatants, to express recall St Ignatius’s advice “not to heed the wounds”. As he was rescued he noticed with a world consensus that peace was preferable to war. And it could not favour one side, even satisfaction that his nose was bleeding again, all over the luxurious white upholstery of Moise secretly. Tshombe’s car. ■ This was difficult, and over his next three decades of organising peacekeeping it became no easier. Soldiers were trained to fight, and wanted to be armed. As he had found out, after his service pistol went down with the ship when he was blown up by a mine off the Kent coast, to

- ODUMUNC XLIV ODUMUNC XLIV- BODIES AND TOPICS SECURITY COUNCIL BY COUNTRY (as of 23 January 2021)

UN Security Council (SC) Belgium • Addressing Allegations of Ethnic Cleansing of Native Muslim Populations in Myanmar Tabb High School • Breaking the Cycle: The Libyan Crisis China* • Expansionism, Projecting Power, and Territorial Disputes: The South China Sea Western Branch High School

General Assembly (GA) Dominican Republic St. Mary's Ryken High School First Committee: Disarmament and International Security • Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism Estonia • Cyber Security: Defining Cyber Terrorism and Permissible Responses Norview High School • The Challenge of Lethal Autonomous Weapons France* Third Committee: Social, Humanitarian and Cultural First Flight High School • Reaffirming the Rights of Persons With Disabilities • The Question of Universalization of LGBT+ Rights Germany • Addressing the Needs of Internally Displaced People St. Anne's-Belfield High School Sixth Committee: Legal Indonesia • Consideration of Diplomatic Immunity Woodside High School • The question of reforming the World Health Organization • International Legal Responses to the Expulsion of Aliens and Stateless People Niger Special Session: Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) JP Knapp Early College • SDG 2. Zero Hunger: Ensuring the Human Right to Food Security and Potable Water • SDG 4. Rural communities: Promoting rural development through education Russian Federation* • SDG 16. Peaceful and inclusive societies: Controlling the illicit trade in small arms Jamestown High School

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Specialized Bodies: Appomattox Regional Governor's School Commission on the Status of Women (CSW) South Africa • Enhancing Gender Equality through Education Appomattox Regional Governor's School • Establishing Support Networks for Women in Peacebuilding Processes • Combatting Human Trafficking Tunisia Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) Granby High School • Foreign Involvement and Intervention in Latin American Countries * • Regional Responses to the Humanitarian Situation in Venezuela Cedar Ridge High School • Reconciling Differences between the Law of Indigenous Peoples and State Law House of Commons (HoC) United States of America* • Dealing with Political Uncertainty in the "Aftermath" of Brexit York High School • Pandemic Response: Reforms to the National Health Service? • Measures to Reduce Violent Nationalism and Xenophobia *permanent member, Crisis Simulations with veto power • Cabinet of the Islamic Republic of 2020 • Designated Survivor: An American Presidential Succession Crisis 2022 • Interstellar Communications

- ODUMUNC XLIV ODUMUNC XLIV - WHO’S WHO: DELEGATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY BY COUNTRY Afghanistan Egypt Nicaragua Switzerland Jamestown High School Grassfield High School Trinity Episcopal Oscar F Smith High School

Algeria Estonia Niger Syrian Arab Republic Tallwood High School Norview High School JP Knapp Early College Carrboro High School

Angola Ethiopia Tidewater Collegiate Academy Hickory High School Thailand Trinity Episcopal Leonardtown High School Tabb High School France First Flight High School Tunisia Armenia St. Mary's High School Tabb High School Academy of the Holy Cross Germany St. Anne's High School Panama Ukraine Australia Lafayette High School JP Knapp Early College Woodside High School Greece

The Oakwood School Belarus Paraguay United Kingdom The Oakwood School Haiti Lafayette High School Cedar Ridge High School

Maury High School Belgium Tabb High School Philippines United States of America India Tabb High School York High School Brazil Hickory High School York High School Qatar Venezuela Indonesia Grassfield High School Maury High School Canada James River High School

Western Branch High School Islamic Republic of Iran Republic of Korea Yemen Chile First Flight High School Oscar F Smith High School Appomattox Regional Governor's School Western Branch High School Iraq Russian Federation China Carrboro High School Western Branch High School Jamestown High School

Costa Rica Japan Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Tidewater Collegiate Academy Bethel High School

Appomattox Regional Governor's Kenya Cuba School St. Anne's High School James River High School

Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Lebanon Samoa Tabb High School James River High School Western Branch High School Mexico Singapore Democratic Republic of the Congo Cedar Ridge High School Tabb High School Oscar F Smith High School

Denmark Morocco South Africa Granby High School Tidewater Collegiate Academy St. Anne's High School

New Zealand Dominican Republic Sweden St. Mary's High School Granby High School Trinity Episcopal

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UN Commission on the Status of Community of Latin American and Women by Country (CSW) Caribbean States (CELAC)

Pakistan

Algeria Western Branch High School Nicaragua Argentina Tallwood High School Trinity Episcopal School Tabb High School Panama

Australia Lafayette High School Panama Bahamas Appomattox Regional Governor's School Lafayette High School First Flight High School Paraguay Lafayette High School Belarus Paraguay Bolivia The Oakwood School Lafayette High School Russian Federation Jamestown High School

Appomattox Regional Governor's China Peru School Brazil Western Branch High School Appomattox Regional Governor’s' School York High School

Saudi Arabia Egypt Jamestown High School Republic of Korea Chile Grassfield High School Oscar F. Smith High School Western Branch High School South Africa

El Salvador St. Anne's-Belfield High School Trinidad and Tobago Costa Rica Granby High School Granby High School Tidewater Collegiate Academy Spain Glenbard South High School Germany Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of Cuba St. Anne's-Belfield High School Maury High School Sudan St. Anne's-Belfield School

JP Knapp Early College India Dominica First Flight High School Switzerland JP Knapp Early College

Tabb High School Japan Dominican Republic Bethel High School Thailand St. Mary's Ryken High School Leonardtown High School

Kenya Haiti James River High School United Kingdom Maury High School Cedar Ridge High School

Mexico Cedar Ridge High School United States of America Mexico York High School Cedar Ridge High School Nicaragua Trinity Episcopal School

Nigeria Glenbard South High School

- ODUMUNC XLIV ODUMUNC XLIV - UK House of Commons Caucusing Blocs

Pudsey - Conservative Aberdeen North - Scottish Nationalist For countries represented at ODUMUNC 44 Lafayette High School The Oakwood School The 193 Member States of the UN divide into five official regional blocs: the (AG)

Putney - Labour with 55 Member States, Asia-Pacific Group with 53 Member States, Eastern European Group Ashfield - Conservative Norview High School with 23 Member States, the Latin American and Caribbean Group (GRULAC) with 33 Member Grassfield High School Southend West - Conservative States and Western European and Others Group (WEOG) with 28 Member States, including Bethnal Green and Bow - Labour Grassfield High School Canada and the United States), plus one observer (Israel). UN regional blocs are the basis for First Flight High School dividing UN responsibilities, jobs and allocations. In practice, however, states can belong to St Albans - Liberal Democrat several voting blocs, and other major groups often are more important in voting. These include: Angus - Scottish Nationalist Lafayette High School Carrboro High School The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM): Also known as the Group of 77 (G77), now with 120 Strangford - Democratic Unionist Member States (not all present at ODUMUNC). This is the largest UN voting bloc, including Lafayette High School Cities of and Westminster - nearly all states of Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, South and Southeast Asia. NAM Conservative Telford - Conservative members also with their regional blocs. Oscar F. Smith Oscar F. Smith African Union (AU): The AU includes all countries of the African continent, as well as adjacent Derby South - Labour Tooting - Labour island states: Madagascar, Sao Tome and Principe, and Seychelles. Father Judge High School Woodside High School Organization of American States (OAS) includes all sovereign states of North and South Eastbourne - Conservative Wakefield - Conservative America, and the Caribbean, except Cuba, which refuses to participate in OAS events. Several Granby High School Appomattox Regional Governor's School Latin American countries including Cuba caucus separately as the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA). Hackney North and Stoke Newington - Labour Waveney - Conservative Appomattox Regional Governor's School St. Anne's-Belfield School Windsor - Conservative

St. Anne's-Belfield School Association of Hitchin and Harpden - Conservative The European Romania The League of Tunisia Southeast Asian JP Knapp Early College bloc in the UN Slovakia Arab States UAE Wolverhampton South West - Nations (ASEAN) Members Slovenia bloc in the UN Yemen Conservative Spain Leeds Central - Labour Western Branch High School Members Austria Members Non-Members Father Judge High School Sweden Brunei Belgium Algeria Eritrea United Kingdom Cambodia Bulgaria Bahrain Leicester South - Labour Iran Cyprus EU Candidates Comoros Cedar Ridge High School Indonesia Uzbekistan Albania Djibouti Laos Czech Rep. Turkey Egypt Bosnia Malaysia Iraq Estonia Croatia Blocs make their Myanmar FYROM Jordan Finland own rules. Philippines France Iceland Kuwait Member States Singapore Germany Kosovo Lebanon are free to form Thailand Greece Montenegro Libya ad hoc blocs on Vietnam Hungary Serbia Mauritania particular issues Ireland Turkey Morocco as they wish. Candidates Italy Oman Non-candidates Papua New Guinea Latvia Palestine Timor-Leste Israel Qatar Luxembourg Norway Saudi Arabia Plus Three Malta Switzerland Somalia Rep. of Korea Netherlands Sudan China Poland Syria Japan Portugal

- ODUMUNC XLIV ODUMUNC XLIV - JAPAN IN CHAOS-THE SENGOKU PERIOD, 1467-1600 REVOLUTION: RUSSIAN PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT, 1917

CABINET OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN 2020 DESIGNATED SURVIVOR: AN AMERICAN PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION CRISIS 2022

President , Minister of Economic Affairs President: Ralph Nader Secretary of Energy: Rick Perry Tabb High School and Finance Tabb High School Woodside High School Norview High School , Vice President and Head of the Vice President: Bernard Sanders Atomic Energy Organization , Minister of Science, St. Anne's-Belfield School Secretary of Commerce: Penny Pritzker St. Anne's-Belfield School , and Technology Norview High School St. Mary's Ryken High School Secretary of State: Nikki Haley , Minister of Defense and York High School Secretary of Health and Human Logistics Mohammad Ali Jafari, Commander of the Services: Joseph A. Califano Jr. York High School Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Chief of Staff: John Kerry St. Mary's Ryken High School Appomattox Regional Governor's School Western Branch High School

Mohammad Javad Zarif, Minister of Foreign Speaker of the House: Joe Kennedy III , Minister of the Affairs Secretary of Defense: Paul Nakasone Appomattox Regional Governor's School Western Branch High School Interior Granby High School Lafayette High School Secretary of Agriculture: Ann Veneman , Minister of Secretary of Homeland Security: Jeh Leonardtown High School Industries and Business Johnson

Granby High School Oscar F. Smith High School

Hamid Chitchian, Minister of Energy Secretary of Treasury: Lael Brainard JP Knapp Early College JP Knapp Early College

Mahmoud Alavi, Minister of Intelligence Attorney General: Sally Yates First Flight High School First Flight High School

Bijan Namdar Zangeneh, Head of the National Secretary of Interior: Tom Udall Iranian Oil Compa Jamestown High School Jamestown High School

Mohammad Sarafraz, Head of Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting Woodside High School

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INTERSTELLAR COMMUNICATIONS FACULTY SPONSORS BY SCHOOL

Siva Subrahmanyam Banda Academy of the Holy Jamestown High School Tallwood High School Woodside High School Cross Claire McCallum Matthew Denvir Elizabeth Dunphy Baldacci Jeff Bezos JP Knapp Early College The Oakwood School Appomattox Regional Bernice Crowther Western Branch High School Erica Imbimbo Governor's School for Allison Boolba the Arts and Technology Tidewater Collegiate Chen Dong Emily Hardesty Lafayette High School Academy Lafayette High School Christopher Johnson Dr. Wendy Scott Bethel High School

Camille Fournier-Saelovèze Ralph Monahan Leonardtown High School Trinity Episcopal School Appomattox Regional Governor's Bruce Henderson Thomas Huss Carrboro High School Tracy Harding Sarah McDermott Jason Horton Elon Musk Jerrod McConnell St. Anne's-Belfield School Western Branch High Maury High School School Cedar Ridge High School Dr. Andrew Whitfield General John William 'Jay' Christopher Fischer Frank Felicelli Raymond Norview High School JP Knapp Early College Woodside High School Father Judge High Natalie Ferrara Amanda Kline School David Reed Sergey Nikolayevich Ryazansky Christopher J. Pegg Oscar F. Smith High Granby High School School York High School First Flight High School Heather Mitchell Paul Vivian Chief Master Sergeant Roger Susan Sawin Towberman Adam Herman St. Anne's-Belfield School

First Flight High School Kiernan Michau Glenbard South High Jon Shoup Neil deGrasse Tyson School Ruben Rodriguez Jamestown High School St. Mary's Ryken High

Granby High School School Liu Yang Kim Walsh Leif Liberg St. Mary's Ryken High School Drew Wildes Grassfield High School

Lee Elizabeth R. Mongold Tabb High School

Brian McGovern Hickory High School Adrianne McKinney Joe Lucente

James River High School

Shannon Castelo

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DELEGATE CONDUCT GENERAL RULES AND PROCEDURES

We’re on Zoom, but that’s the only difference. Delegates are expected to remain Position Papers: Position papers are not required at ODUMUNC, but strongly courteous and professional at all times during ODUMUNC, remaining in encouraged for every delegate. Position papers should specifically address your character during all committee sessions, treating all other delegates and staff country’s positions on the agenda of the relevant body. They should be single with respect, collaborating in a constructive manner, dignified behavior during all spaced, no more than two pages. Position papers are collected at the start of conference events and—in normal years—on hotel property. each committee by the committee staff. They evaluate them for committee awards. Although not required for awards, they are encouraged and add points in Any violation of these terms can lead to dismissal from the conference. award judging. Position papers may be distributed to other delegations on your ODUMUNC enforces a zero-tolerance policy for harassment, and possession or committee, but authors are responsible for copying and distribution. Make copies use of alcohol or illicit substances by delegates. before arriving; ODUMUNC will not do this for you. Opening : A session is opened through a motion to open debate. The first Delegate Dress motion after opening debate is to open a speaker’s list. Parameters for the Delegate dress at ODUMUNC sessions must be professional, promoting a speakers list are to be requested by the body, with the consent of the chair. serious deliberative atmosphere, and never distracting. Standard delegate attire Setting a Topic: A topic must be set by the body through a motion and a simple at conference sessions is Western Business Attire: jacket and tie for men and majority vote. Once a topic is set, a secondary speaker’s list must be opened. comparably formal for women. Formal vs. Informal Debate: All bodies are opened under Formal Debate, which Specifically: only allows for a speaker’s list with no questions. Informal debate, which allows for questions in a speaker’s list, must be requested by motion and passed. • Delegates are required to wear conference badges at all ODUMUNC sessions and events. Name badge mistakes will be corrected for Speaker’s List: Delegates are added to the speaker’s list or called upon to speak free, but lost badges require a replacement fee. by the chair. A speaker’s list does not expire unless debate is closed or the body • T-shirts, jeans, shorts, miniskirts or sandals are not allowed in enters voting procedure. conference sessions. Yielding: When on a speaker’s list, delegates may yield to the chair, another • National clothing matching your country assignment is permitted so delegate, or if parameters allow, to questions. Once a second delegate has been long as it is formal and not mocking or distracting, as judged by yielded to, that delegate may yield remaining time to the chair only. If a delegate ODUMUNC staff. refuses to yield for a question, they may not take any other questions. • Casual attire is fine outside formal meeting times, at non-deliberative Moderated Caucus: Moderated have a set duration, speaking times, events, karaoke and the delegate dance, so long as it is not and topic. All this must be requested in a motion. Speakers are called on one at a distracting, as judged by ODUMUNC staff. time. If no more speakers are willing to speak, the caucus ends and the body • ODUMUNC staff reserve the right to request that delegates violating reverts to the previous speaker’s list. these rules to leave or change into appropriate clothing immediately. Unmoderated Caucus: An Unmoderated Caucus has a set time duration only. As a practical rule, if you are not sure about it, do not wear it. Delegates are free to meet. The chair retains the right to request a topic, however. Photo Release Draft Resolutions: require one-fifth the body present as sponsors to be By registering and submitting participants’ names, sponsoring high schools grant considered for voting. Old Dominion University and the ODU Model United Nations Society permission to use their participants’ names and/or photographs in ODU publications and Crisis Directives: Require a simple majority of the body to pass. media, both in print and electronic versions. Friendly Amendments: Friendly Amendments require approval by all the sponsors of the corresponding draft resolution, and the minimum number of

signatories. They are voted on together with their corresponding draft resolution.

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RULES AND PROCEDURES, CONTINUED AWARDS

Unfriendly Amendments: If a sponsor of a corresponding draft resolution Conference awards are presented at the closing ceremony on Sunday, 16 February. Awards requests, an amendment becomes unfriendly. Unfriendly Amendments are offer the staff a chance to acknowledge the preparation, dedication, and realistic effort of voted on immediately before the corresponding draft resolutions. conference delegates and delegations. Closing Debate: Debate must be closed to move into voting procedure. Secretary-General’s Award for the Best and Outstanding Delegations Voting Procedure: Voting is requested by motion after debate is closed. Doors These are ODUMUNC’s highest commendations for the schools that excel in the broadest are closed, non-voting members leave the room or move to the side as range of conference committees and simulations, stressing national realism, overall requested by the Chair. Default voting is by placard vote. Delegates may effectiveness, productivity and preparation. The award decisions are made using request by motion a roll call vote, subject to decision of the Chair. recommendations from the staff of each committee to the Secretariat-General. Censoring: The Chair may censor a delegate for the duration of one Jean-Bernard Gazarian Award for the Most Diplomatic Delegation committee session in response to repeated disruptions or disciplinary warnings Named for the UN official long-associated with ODUMUNC, the Gazarian Award recognizes by the Chair. the delegation that stands out for diplomatic effort, measured in its contribution to the problem solving measured in final committee outputs. The Secretariat-General and committee chairs jointly decide the Gazarian award recipient.

Committee Awards

Each ODUMUNC committee or body gives one Best Delegation award to the delegation or delegate who best exemplifies the goals of the committee, as well as Outstanding and Honorable Mention awards. Each body’s staff chooses award winners on the basis of each delegation’s realistic portrayal, overall effectiveness, productivity, and preparation.

- ODUMUNC XLIV ODUMUNC XLIV - RECENT ODUMUNC AWARD WINNERS 2021 TRAINING SESSIONS Secretary-General Award ODUMUNC Major Bodies Training: Intro to the General Assembly 2020 Langley High School Thursday, 11 February 7.30 p.m. on Zoom

2019 Langley High School Hosted by ODUMUNC staff on Thursday night, 7.30 - 9.00 p.m., this session is meant to quickly familiarize delegates on the basics of Model UN and provide some 2018 Henrico High School helpful hints and strategies for debating effectively in large committees, useful whether this is your first conference or your 50th. Staff review the MUN glossary, 2017 Henrico High School give tips from the dais, and share some insights from the college conference team. Recommended for all participants in large bodies. 2016 Leonardtown High School

ODUMUNC Crisis Training: Security Council, Crisis Bodies and Small Bodies Gazarian Award for Diplomacy Thursday, 11 February 7.30 p.m. on Zoom Hosted by the ODUMUNC crisis staff on Thursday night from 7.30 - 9.00 p.m., this 2020 Narrows High School session reviews crisis committee rules and procedures at ODUMUNC 44. The 2019 Green Run Collegiate discussion for crisis delegates will center on the nature of a crisis simulation, portfolio powers, deliberative procedure and strategy for moving topics. 2018 Cape Henry Collegiate Recommended for all participants in crisis simulations and smaller bodies. 2017 J.R. Tucker High School

2016 Panther Creek High School Winning UN Simulations When the going gets tough, the tough

get the ODU Delegate Guide. It’s not too late. Get your copy of Winning UN Simulations: Everything You Need to Know About Model UN.

Available online at the ODUMUNC https://www.odu.edu/al/centers/modelun/ conference/resources

- ODUMUNC XLIV ODUMUNC XLIV - OUR OTHER AFFILIATION JEAN-BERNARD GAZARIAN

Every year the ODU Model UN celebrates the life of its oldest friend. Dr. Gazarian died on 18 January 2016 at the age of 93. Born in Paris, Dr. Gazarian attended the Universities of Rennes and Paris from 1940 to 1945. Fluent in six languages, he started working for the UN in 1946 as a translator. From 1966 to 1983, he was Director of the Division of General Assembly Affairs, overseeing the Secretariat of the General Assembly. He served the UN under every Secretary-General, from Trygve Lie, Dag Hammarskjold, , Kurt Waldheim, Javier Perez de Cuellar The ODU Model United Nations Society is delighted to welcome and Boutros Boutros-Ghali, to . the newest student organization for international engagement to Old Dominion University, UNA-USA. Dr. Gazarian participated in ODUMUNC from 1983 until 2008. In recognition of his contributions to the United Nations and his special relationship with the ODU At a time when America’s involvement in international Model United Nations Society, Old Dominion University awarded him the honorary organizations is declining, and America’s commitment to degree of Doctor of Letters in 1986. Our annual award to the school showing the international engagement is increasingly in doubt, there has never greatest diplomatic skill at ODUMUNC is named in his honor. been more need for outright advocacy of global institutions.

After Dr. Gazarian’s passing in January 2016, the Old Dominion University Model By joining the largest organization advocating for the UN in the UN Alumni were inspired to create a scholarship fund in his honor. The endowment United States, UNA-USA members are leaders in the campaign to with permanently fund a scholarship for MUN Society members, ensuring that Dr. inform, protect and promote the vital work of the UN. Gazarian’s work becomes an enduring testimony to his vision of the United Nations as the vital element in world affairs. You can do it, too. Starting a university chapter is easy, and for anyone doing MUN, finding members is easy too.

Jean Gazarian (center) with UN Secretary- For more information on how to start a campus chapter, contact General U Thant and President of Togo, the ODU Chapter President, Ms. Nouchka Sese, Etienne Eyadama, in Lome,1970. [email protected] Photo: United Nations Or go directly to the UNA-USA, https://unausa.org/join/

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SAMPLE RESOLUTION Resolution Number RESOLUTION TIPS is given by Dias The Preamble of a resolution established the precedents for UN action on this Resolution number: ODUMUNC/44/GA4/2 Staff. Sponsors and Date: 22 November 1974 Signatories must be issue, such as past resolutions, as well as justifications for acting (the Body: General Assembly, Fourth Committee 1/5 of the body’s problems to be solved) and goals of the resolution. Topic: Anti-Colonialism in all its Elements members present, Operative or Activating Clauses call for specific actions by the Member States, Title: Question of Palestine alphabetized. the UN Secretary-General, other UN organizations, or other targets of a Sponsors: Egypt, Jordan, Libya, Tunisia resolution. The Operative clauses of General Assembly resolutions may only Signatories: German Democratic Republic, Yugoslavia, Viet Nam, Zambia request action by Member States. Only the Security Council can demand or require action by Member States. 1 The General Assembly, The following are the most commonly used verbs and adverbs to begin Preambulatory and Operative Clauses in resolutions: 2 Having considered the question of Palestine, The Preamble gives 3 Having heard the statement of the Palestine Liberation Organizationthe justification, the, 4 representative of the Palestinian people, and other statementshistory and made goals during for the resolution. 5 the debate, Preambulatory Recalling Regrets Reminds 6 Deeply concerned that no just solution to the problem of Palestine has been Recognizing Acknowledging Requests 7 achieved and recognizing that the problem of Palestine continues to Referring Affirming Regretting Resolves 8 endanger international peace and security, Alarmed by Seeking Supports Transmits Appreciating Taking into account 9 Recognizing that the Palestinian people is entitled to self-determination in Trusts Approving Urging 10 accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, Urges Aware of Welcoming Welcomes 11 Recalling its relevant resolutions which affirm the right of the Palestinian Bearing in mind

12 people to self-determination, Believing Operative Clauses Security Council Concerned 13 1. Reaffirms the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people in all the above, plus… Contemplating Accepts 14 Palestine, including the right to self-determinationOperative without Clauses external are numbered. They Convinced Affirms 15 interference, to national independence and sovereignty; Decides specify what will be Declaring Approves Authorizes Demands 16 2. Reaffirms also the inalienable right of the Palestiniansdone. to return Deploring Calls upon Insists 17 to their homes and property; Desiring Commends Mandates Disturbed 18 3.Recognizes that the Palestinian people is a principal party in the Condemns Requires Emphasizing 19 establishment of a just and lasting peace in the Middle East; Confirms Expecting Congratulates 20 4. Further recognizes the right of the Palestinian people to regain Further recalling Considers 21 its rights by all means in accordance with the principles of Guided by Deplores 22 the Charter of the United Nations; Having adopted Designates Having considered Draws attention 23 5.Appeals to all States to extend support to the Palestinian people Having examined Emphasizes 24 in its struggle to restore its rights, in accordance with the Charter; Having heard Encourages 25 6. Decides to include the item entitled ‘Question of Palestine’ in Having studied Endorses 26 the provisional agenda of its thirtieth session. Keeping in mind Expects Invites Noting Notes Observing Proclaims Note: This example became UN General Assembly resolution 3236 (Session XXIX). Question Reaffirming Reaffirms of Palestine, passed 22 November 1974 Realizing Recommends

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ODUMUNC 44 Old Dominion University Model United Nations Society

Zoom Meeting Times Rules Short Sheet

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