2018 Report of the Arab Forum for Environment and Development FINANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN ARAB COUNTRIES EDITED BY: NAJIB SAAB ABDUL-KARIM SADIK FINANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN ARAB COUNTRIES EDITED BY NAJIB SAAB ABDUL-KARIM SADIK 2018 REPORT OF THE ARAB FORUM FOR ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT © 2018 Arab Forum for Environment and Development (AFED) Published with Technical Publications and Environment & Development magazine P.O.Box 113-5474, Beirut, Lebanon
[email protected] http://www.afedonline.org This report should be cited as follows: AFED (2018). Financing Sustainable Development in Arab Countries. Annual Report of Arab Forum for Environment and Development, 2018; Saab, N., Sadik, A.K., (Ed.); Beirut, Lebanon. Technical Publications. If the reference is to a specific chapter, include also number of the chapter and respective author(s). AFED and respective authors are solely responsible for opinions expressed in this report. The contents are based on best available data. Sponsors and supporting organizations do not necessarily endorse the views expressed in this report. Senior Adviser: Mohamed El-Ashry Production Manager: Charbel Mahfoud Copy Editor: Rosalyn Saab Execution: Jamal Awada Printing: Arab Printing Press (APP) Photos: Environment & Development Magazine Archive - iStock photos - ILO - UNDP - Shutterstock - Wordpress ISBN: 978-9953-437-61-3 FINANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN ARAB COUNTRIES 3 Contents 5 PREFACE 7 INTRODUCTION 17 CHAPTER 1 Overview of Financing Sustainable Development in the Arab Region Niranjan