An introduction to
Page 1 Catchment area: 2015: 4.5 million people within 2.5 hours
Catchment area: 2024: 8.0 million people within 2.5 hours
Greater Copenhagen • Encompassing Eastern Denmark and Southern Sweden •A population of 3.9 million • 11 universities, 150.000 students • Highly developed clusters •Vision: In 2020 Greater Copenhagen is an international hub for investments and knowledge equal to most successful metropolises in Europe
GREATERGREATER C COPENHAGENoPENHAGEN •• Includes Includes eastern eastern Denmark Denmark and and southern Sweden southern Sweden •• 3.8 3.8 million million inhabitants inhabitants •• 17 12 universities, universitie 190,000s, 160,000 students students • •Vision: Vision: By By 2020 202 0Greater Greater Copenhagen Copenhagen is anis internationalan international hub hub for investments for invest- and knowledge and should be considered ments and knowledge and should be amongst the most successful cities in considered among the most Europe. successful cities in Europe. Copenhagen Municipality 2015 Summary
Summary
The global competition amongst cities for attracting Strong infrastructure Investments and innovation investment, retaining talent and fostering growth is In 2000 Denmark and Sweden were physically connect- The regions high productivity and solid growth, is fierce. As an international metropolis and regional hub, ed with the opening of the Oresund Bridge, bringing mirrored in its popularity as a destination for foreign Greater Copenhagen is well positioned to compete. together the Scandinavian Peninsula with Central and investments and a strong focus on innovation and Building upon a solid base, Greater Copenhagen aims Western Europe. Since then, the integration between technology. About 3 1/2 pct. of the Greater to be a top destination for investments and a leading eastern Denmark and western Sweden has deepened Copenhagen workforce is employed in R&D and over knowledge based economy by 2020, a hub region ca- steadily, with numbers of travellers, people relocating four pct. of regional GDP is spent on furthering tech- pable of competing with the most successful European and commuters having increased. Since the outbreak nology. cities. This resume clearly shows the many strengths of the financial crisis, the trend has diminished though; and large potential of the Greater Copenhagen region. the numbers of commuters decreased 20 pct. between About this publication 2008 and 2012. This resume is a selection of key indicators, drawn Expanding region from the large report available only in Danish. The full Greater Copenhagen is a region that matters. More Main hub in Scandinavia report ”Indblik i Greater Copenhagen” contains an and more people are flocking to settle and the popu- Mainly due to Copenhagen Airport, Greater Copenha- extensive range of key figures on a wide range of top- lation is expected to increase approximately 7 pct. by gen is the primary hub and connecting region in ics, highlighting the challenges and potential of the 2025. Economically, the region’s importance is also Northern Europe. Compared to other Northern Europe- region. The resume has been made by Copenhagen growing. Between 2000 and 2011, the productivity of an international airports, Copenhagen Airport has Municipality with contributions from Copenhagen the region has increased almost 8 pct. and GDP has more passengers and a larger network of internation- Airport, Copenhagen Capacity, The Capital Region of grown more than 13 pct. In both cases, the regions al destinations. Denmark and the Oresund Institute. performance has outdone those of Hamburg and Ber- lin; yet remain below Stockholm and Helsinki. Great connectivity Maintaining and expanding upon connective infra- World-class education structure is a priority in the Greater Copenhagen Education is a strong hallmark of the Greater Copen- region. Therefore going towards 2025, a number of rail- hagen region. The region has 17 top tier universities way investments and projects designed to expand road and colleagues, is home to some 190.000 students infrastructure will ensure that the regional infrastruc- and about 10.500 PhD students. Approximately 30 ture will continue to act as an essential basis for growth, pct. of the labour force in Greater Copenhagen excl. job creation and a more integrated labour market. Scania has taken an undergraduate or postgraduate education. Page 3 Copenhagen Municipality 2015 Population trends
Population growth for european metropoles
Towards 2025 the population growth in Greater Copenhagen is expected to be low- er than other european metropoles like Olso, Stockholm, Münich and Amsterdam. In contrast, towards 2025 the population growth in Hamburg and Berlin is expected GREATER COPENHAGEN to be lower than Greater Copenhagen STOCKHOLM OSLO BERLIN HAMBURG The figure compares the population projection for Greater Copenhagen with selected european metropoles MUNICH 2014 = INDEX 100 AMSTERDAM 120
17,3% 17,0%
115
10,6%
110 8,9%
6,9%
105
2,1%
-0,2% 100
95 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Figures depict numbers for the municipality excl. any surrounding region. Source: Statistics Denmark, Statistics Sweden, Statistics Norway, Statistics Stockholm, Statistics Malmö City, Statistics Centralbyrån, Statistiches Amt für Hamburg und Schleswig-Holstein, DESTATIS – Statistiches Bundesamt, Bayeriches landesamt für Statistik, Planbureau veor de Leefomgeving Page 4 Copenhagen Municipality 2015 Economic development
Economic growth and development
Between 2000 and 2011, the economy of the Greater Copenhagen region grew 13 pct. averaging 1.1 pct. per year. This means that Greater Copenhagen grew slightly more than Berlin and Hamburg in the period as a whole as well as on average per year. However cities such as Stockholm and Helsinki grew signifi- cantly more in that period with 36 and 25 pct. respectively. GREATER COPENHAGEN STOCKHOLM The figure shows the growth of selected metropolitan regions. HELSINKI BERLIN GROWTH IN REAL GDP, 2000= INDEX 100 HAMBURG 140 35,9%
130 25,3%
120 12,5% 11,4% 110 9,8%
100
90
80 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Growth in GDP at market prices based on constant national currency Source: OECD Page 5 Copenhagen Municipality 2015 Economic development
Productivity growth
Productivity in Greater Copenhagen has grown by approximately 8 pct. from 2000 to 2010. This growth is lower than Stockholm and Helsinki, where producti- vity grew by about 20 pct. and 15 pct. respectively. Productivity growth in Greater Copenhagen has been higher than in Berlin, where the increase was only 2 pct. throughout in the period and Hamburg, who nearly had no growth. GREATER COPENHAGEN STOCKHOLM The figure shows the development in labour productivity calculated as GVA per. employee at fixed prices HELSINKI BERLIN GVA PER. EMPLOYEE 2000, = INDEX 100 HAMBURG 125
120 19,2%
14,8% 115
110 7,9%
105 2,3% 0,4% 100
95
90
85
80 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
GVA is equal to GDP deducted taxes and subsidies Source: OECD Page 6 Copenhagen Municipality 2015 Innovation & entrepreneurship
Investments in R&D and people employed in R&D
Greater Copenhagen has both a high share of the labour force employed in R&D, as well as a high level of expenditure on R&D. Compared to other regions, only Helsinki has higher levels of both employees and expenditure, putting Greater Copenhagen above Berlin, Hamburg and Stockholm.
PCT. OF LABOURFORCE EMPLOYED IN R&D The figure shows the percentage of people employed in R&D functions, as well as the share of GDP GDP EXPENDITURE ON expended on R&D in Gretaer Copenhagen and other regions for 2011 R&D
PCT.
5,0 4,4% 4,3% 4,5 4,2%
4,0 3.8% 3,4% 3,5% 3,5 3,1%
3,0 2,5% 2,5 2,2% 2,2%
2,0
1,5
1,0
0,5
0,0 Greater Helsinki Berlin Hamburg Stockholm Copenhagen
GDP data is corrected for PPP and in constant prices, 2010 base year. Source: OECD Page 7 Copenhagen Municipality 2015 Internationalisation
Foreign investments in european metropoles
Greater Copenhagen excl. Scania attracted 232 foreign investments from 2009 Helsinki, Amsterdam and Dublin. Simultaneously the investment projects created to 2014. Greater Copenhagen excl. Scania thereby attracted more foreign invest- fewest jobs in Greater Copenhagen excl. Scania compared to other metropoles, ments than Stockholm attracted in the same period, but less than Hamburg, Berlin, including Stockholm.
The figures show the number of foreign investment projects in selected European metropoles in the period 2009-2014 and the number of jobs created by the investment projects.
NUMBER OF INVESTMENT PROJECTS NUMBER OF JOBS 43.274 900 844 45.000
800 40.000
33.939 700 640 35.000
600 30.000
500 25.000 395 369 400 20.000
300 251 232 15.000 221 10.915 8.981 200 10.000 7.656 8.172 5.751
100 5.000
0 Gr St Helsin Berl Hamburg Am Dublin 0 Greater Stockholm Helsinki Berlin Hamburg Amsterdam Dublin Copenhageeat oc in st Copenhagen ex kh erda er ki excl. Scania cl ol m . Sca m
nia n
Source: Copenhagen Capacity Page 8 Copenhagen Municipality 2015 Internationalisation
International conferences
Greater Copenhagen is an internationally leading region for conferences. In 2013 143 international conferences were organized in Greater Copenhagen, which is more than in Hamburg and Oslo together. Greater Copenhagen is second only to GREATER COPENHAGEN COPENHAVN Berlin, which had 178 international conferences in 2013. STOCKHOLM MALMÖ LUND The figure shows the development in the number of international conferences in cities of Greater Copenhagen BERLIN and selected metropoles. HAMBURG NUMBER OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES. OSLO 195
180
165
150
135
120
105
90
75
60
45
30
15
0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
International conferences refer to corporate and organizational meetings, which are subject to the following three criteria: (i) there must be at least 50 participants, (ii) meetings should be organized regularly, (iii) meetings should rotate between three different countries. Source: International Convention and Congress Association. Page 9 Copenhagen Municipality 2015 Tourism
Overnight stays in European cities
Greater Copenhagen has a higher number of tourists staying overnight than Stockholm, Helsinki and Hamburg, but far lower than in both Berlin and Amster- dam. In 2013 about 17 million tourists stayed overnight in the Greater Copenha- gen region, while only about 11 million people stayed overnight in Stockholm. GREATER COPENHAGEN STOCKHOLM The figure shows the number of domestic and foreign overnight stays in hotels, hostels, camping sites, etc. HELSINKI BERLIN HAMBURG OVERNIGHT STAYS (MIO.) AMSTERDAM 30
25
20
15
10
5
0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Source: Eurostat, VisitDenmark Page 10 Copenhagen Municipality 2015 Tourism
Cruise ships – and passengers in Nordic metropoles
Around 750.000 cruise passengers visited Copenhagen in 2014, a considerably higher number of visitors than in other Nordic metropoles. In the same year, Copenhagen also had the highest number of visiting cruise ships. Both the number of passengers and cruise ships docking in Copenhagen increased between 2010 and 2012, however by 2014, these num- bers had decreased to 2010/2011 levels.
COPENHAGEN COPENHAGEN The figures show the number of cruise passengers and STOCKHOLM STOCKHOLM cruise ships in Nordic ports in the period 2009-2014. OSLO OSLO NUMBER OF PASSENGERS (1.000 PERSONS) HELSINKI NUMBER OF CRUISE SHIPS HELSINKI 900 400
800 350
700 300
600 250 500 200 400 150 300
100 200
100 50
0 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Data for 2014 is estimated Source: Copenhagen Malmö Port Page 11 Copenhagen Municipality 2015 Copenhagen Airport
International destinations
In 2014 Copenhagen Airport was the largest airline hub in the Nordic region, with 24,6 pct. of passengers using the airport to catch connecting flights. That year also recorded the highest volume of passengers with 25,6 mio. The closest regional rival is Oslo, where 20,8 pct. of passengers use the airport as a connecting hub. With 24,3 mio. passengers, Oslo is also the closest rival in terms of passenger volume.
The table shows the hub dimensions of Copenhagen Airport in 2014 compared to Stockholm, Oslo, Hamburg and Helsinki.
Number of direct destinations, 2014 Copenhagen Stockholm Oslo Hamborg Helsinki
Overseas destinations 27 19 11 9 14
European destinations 104 60 53 56 48
Scandinavian destinations 14 9 7 4 5
Total international destinations 145 88 71 69 67
Domestic destinations 6 24 26 13 15
Total number of destinations 151 112 97 82 82
Total passengers, million (2014) 25,6 22,4 24,3 14,8 15,9
Transfer-passengers (2013) 24,6% 8,4% 20,8% – 15,5%
Classifying airports according to their hub dimensions is done on the basis of the number of direct inter- national destinations. Transfer-passengers are passengers with another final destination that the chosen airport. Source: Copenhagen Airport Page 12 Copenhagen Municipality 2015 Commuting and accessibility
Workplaces within one hour of transport
Although intra-regional connectivity is high, in general more workplaces can be reached with one hour of car transport than with one hour of transport by public transportation. However, the difference in time savings, between driving and pub- lic transportation, depends much on the train station chosen as point of departure.
The figure shows the number of jobs that can be reached within one hour by car or public transport from the respective train stations. DRIVING NUMBER OF WORKPLACES (1.000) PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION 1.400
1.120
840
560
280
0 Københavns H Københavns Hyllie St Roskilde St Malmø C Hillerød St Ringsted St Helsingør St Køge St Lund C Landskrona C Helsingborg C Lund - ESS Ystad C Kristianstad C Lufthavn
The calculations are based on population data from 2013, road data from 2014 and data regarding public transportation from the spring of 2014. Source: Scania County – Availability in the Oresund region Page 13 Copenhagen Municipality 2015 Commuting and accessibility
Government rail investments
The Greater Copenhagen region represents a coherent and connected labour market, supported by an ever expanding railway network.
The map shows the government rail infrastructure and the planned future investments towards 2025.
Investments towards 2025 Existing infrastructure
Government rail investments towards 2025 Danish investments: Swedish investments: Deployment of ERTMS signalling New signalling system ERTMS corridor B incl. the part of · program incl. S-train · the Southern Main Line (Katrineholm-Malmö) and Norrkoping Electrication of railway system, Køge- Malmo, The Scania-line. · Næstved, Roskilde-Kalundborg and Southern Main Line, Flackarp-Arlöv, capacity expansion of the Ringsted-Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link · Malmö-Lund line City Circle Line in Copenhagen (partially West Coast Line, Ängelholm-Maria, including capacity expansion · nanced by Copenhagen municipality) · of Angelholm-Helsingborg, the tunnel through Hallandsås, Light rail in Ring 3 double track Bastad, Förslöv, Lund (Högevall) – Flackarp et al. · Capacity expansion of the Oresund line Godsstråket through Skåne · Copenhagen-Ringsted line · Ystad line, capacity expansion of Malmö-Ystad · Ringsted-Rødby, double track · The Scania-line Kristianstad-Hässleholm · · New Storstrøm Bridge Hallandsås, Söderos line, Lomma line, Trelleborg line, · Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link · Ängleholm-Maria and Maria-Helsinborg C · Upgrading the Hillerod, New Ellebjerg 2035 – high-speed train/new xed lines from · and Glostrup stations. · Stockholm to Malmo (project not nally adopted)
Source: Ministry of Transport, Vegverket, Trafikverket and Scania County et al. Page 14 Copenhagen Municipality 2015 Commuting and accessibility
Government road investments
Investments to expand the road network and increase connectivity are made on a rolling basis.
The map shows the government road infrastructure and the planned future investments towards 2025.
Investments towards 2025 Existing infrastructure
Government road investments towards 2025
Danish investments Swedish investments • Greve south-Køge • E22 Fjälkinge-Gualöv, highway • Motorring 4 crossroad N • E6 trac junction, Spillepengen, • Roskilde Fjord connection new bridge, etc. • Intersection Frederikssund • E22 trac junction Ideon • Regnstrup-Kalundborg • E22 Hurva-Vä new route • Næstved bypassroad, route 54, • E65 Svedala-Börringe, highway Næstved-Rønnede, 1st stage • E22 trac junction Lund S • New Storstrøm Bridge • E6 trac junction Flädie • Nykoebing bypass road • Regional roads 19, 23 and 108 • Sakskoebing-Rødbyhavn • Hørsholm S-Øverød
Source: Ministry of Transport, Vegverket, Trafikverket and Scania County et al. Page 15 Copenhagen Municipality 2015 Integration across Oresund
Commuting across Oresund
In 2000, approximately 3.300 people commuted across Oresund. By 2008 this number had increased to almost 20.000. Since 2008 however, the number has dropped and settled on approximately 16.000 in 2012. Throughout the period however, Swedish commuters have outnumbered their Danish peers significantly and in 2012 94 pct. of the commuters were from Sweden.
The figure shows the number of commuters crossing Oresund from both the Swedish and Danish side. That is, how many live in either the Capital Region of Denmark or Region Zealand and working in Scania – and vice versa. FROM THE DANISH SIDE NUMBER OF COMMUTERS CROSSING ORESUND FROM THE SWEDISH SIDE 25.000
20.000
15.000
10.000
5.000
0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Source: The Oresund databank Page 16 Copenhagen Municipality 2015 Business sector and specialization
Workplaces by sector
There are relatively large intraregional differences in the distribution of jobs across industries in Greater Copenhagen. However, in both the Capital and Zealand Re- gions of Denmark, and Scania County in Sweden, the highest number of employees is found within public administration, education and health and the second highest number of employees are found in the commerce and transport industry.
THE CAPITAL REGION OF COPENHAGEN The figure shows the share of employment classified by sector in 2012. REGION ZEALAND DISTRIBUTION OF JOBS (PCT.) SCANIA COUNTY 35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0 Agriculture, Manufacturing, Building and Commerce and Information and Financing Real Estate Business Public Culture, forestry and mining and construction transport etc. communications and insurance and rental Service administration, leisure shing supply education and and other businesses health services
The number of jobs is defined as the number of employed workers, self-employed or assisting spouses, who during the reference period – in exchange of a form of payment - has worked at least one hour a week. Unknown industries are not included. Source: The Oresund databank Page 17 Copenhagen Municipality 2015 Education
Universities and students
There are 17 universities and colleges in Greater Copenhagen, thirteen of which is located on the Danish side, and four on the Swedish side. Close to 190.000 students and 10.500 doctoral students studied in Greater Copenhagen in 2014.
The figure shows the number of students enrolled at the various universities and colleges in Greater Copenhagen.
Students Doctoral Students Doctoral students students
THE DANISH PART 117.060 6.480 THE SWEDISH PART 71.700 4.100
COPENHAGEN UNIVERSITY 40.000 LUND UNIVERSITY 30.000
ROSKILDE UNIVERSITY 8.000 MALMÖ UNIVERSITY 24.400
TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK 10.000 KRISTIANSTAD UNIVERSITY SWEDEN 13.500
COPENHAGEN BUSINESS SCHOOL 17.000 SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 3.800
IT UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN 2.000 GREATER COPENHAGEN IN TOTAL 188.760 10.580
AALBORG UNIVERSITY COPENHAGEN 4.000
AARHUS UNIVERSITET DPU 2.500
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN DENMARK SLAGELSE 2.200
DANISH SCHOOL OF MEDIA AND JOURNALISM 360 (CAMPUS CPH)
THE ROYAL DANISH ACADEMY OF FINE ARTS 2.000
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE CAPITAL 10.500
METROPOL 10.500
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE SJÆLLAND 8.000
The number of students has been rounded to the nearest 100-numbers. Data regarding Danish universities are from 1 October 2014, while the data for Scania county universities are from 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively. Source: Statistics Denmark, Danish Ministry of Education, Aalborg University, Aarhus University, Lund University, Malmö University, Kristianstad University Sweden and Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Page 18 Netværk for Miljømærket indkøb Vores medlemskab i Netværk for Miljømærket indkøb gør det enkelt for os at holde miljøfokus i virksomhedens indirekte indkøb. Dermed bidrager vi til et mere bæredygtigt samfund.
DANMARKS OFFICIELLE MILJØMÆRKER
Copenhagen Municipality Finance Administration
City Hall Rådhuspladsen 1 1599 København V [email protected] greatercph.com